You should be familiar with the following tasks using excel in order to be able to complete the statistics assignment.
TO GET HELP ON ANY TOPIC, CLICK ON THE HELP BUTTON download the practice Excel file from the KIN 306 web site
note: When using excel, you may the wizard buttons in the toolbars rather than using the menu bar pull-down menus (or keyboard short cuts) to do many operations. This manual will list all menu commands and common menu buttons to short-cut some of these menu commands.
insert new column (insert column to left of subject column for labels) select column to right of where you want new column
Home tab: Cells: insert >> insert sheet column
place line below data (to visually separate it from summary statistics to be calculated below line)
select row which you want the line to be BELOW
Home tab: Font: Use this button to place a line. To place the line shown (the last line you placed, a thin underline in figure at left), click on the left side of the button. To place other types of boarder lines, click on the arrow to get the menu, and select the line desired.
Alternate:
Select the cells you want to format, then right click, then use the boarders icon
Enter the word MEAN in column A, immediately below the line
Using function wizard to calculate Mean and Standard Deviation
computing mean and standard deviation using functions Formulas tab: Function Library: Insert Function:
OR USE
Home tab: Editing:
category = statistical, then select function (e.g., average) select range
Format Number to set # of decimals
format numbers to set # of decimals Home tab: Number:
Alternate:
Select the cells you want to format, then right click, then use
Home tab: Clipboard: copy functions & formatting to paste to other similar, parallel columns
Writing a formula
BMI = BODY MASS INDEX
= WEIGHT (kg) / height2 (m) e.g., 5 ft 4 inch & 145 lbs
= 64 inches, 145 lbs
= 1.62 meters, 66 kg
= 66 / 1.62562 BMI = 25
Note that in Excel, the multiplication sign * must be included when needed, Excel does not multiply round brackets
practice writing formula with address for 2nd student’s score demonstrate copying formula to related test data points Skills to demonstrate:
1. How to split the screen vertically and horizontally to view all of your data.
2. How to insert a new worksheet.
3. How to show a number in scientific notation in excel
Select the cells you want to format, right click, choose “format cells”, choose “Number” tab, choose “scientific” category, Set decimals, OK.
Plot a scattergram
do a scattergram (a fancy one with 2 sets of data on a single graph)
*
go to the DATA page
TRICK: To view the top & bottom of your page that is too big to fit on a screen, use a HORIZONTAL SPLIT SCREEN. Similarly, to view extreme right and left sides beyond the view of the screen, use a VERTICAL SPLIT SCREEN.
TRICK: To select continuous data across a split screen- select the first cell in one window, then shift+click of the last cell in the second window. The full range between these two selections will be selected.
Insert tab: charts: Scatter: Scatter with only markers:
Chart tools: Design: Data: Select data:
Select data source:
Remove any contents if present click on Add button
select series name box, click on cell that contains name of data set (e.g., D2 contains “Jump 1”)
highlight X Values box to make it black
select (drag over) the column of cells containing the data you wish to plot on the X axis (do not include column titles) (use JUMP1 for the demonstration) highlight Y Values box to make it black
select (drag over) the column of cells containing the data you wish to plot on the Y axis (do not include column titles) (use JUMP2 for the demonstration) Click OK
WARNING: Data points may be connected by a line, even if you selected a chart pattern that did not include lines. If this is the case do the following:
Select the data points and the lines on the graph
Right click
Select: Change series chart type
Select: No lines on scatter plot.
To add second set of data on one pair of axis.
click on Add button
select 2nd series name box, click on cell that contains name of data set (e.g., E2 contains “Jump 2”)
highlight X Values box to make it black
select (drag over) the column of cells containing the data you wish to plot on the X axis (do not include column titles) (use JUMP1 for the demonstration) highlight Y Values box to make it black
select (drag over) the column of cells containing the data you wish to plot on the Y axis (do not include column titles) (use JUMP2 for the demonstration) Click OK
click OK
Chart must be selected or chart tools will not be available
Control legend (Keep legend if you have more than one set of data on one axis pair) Chart tools: Layout: legend: position/none
turn off Value (Y) axis Major Gridlines (not needed in this simple plot, may be needed in more complex ones you make)
Chart tools: Layout: axis: gridline: Horizontal gridlines
enter appropriate title, and labels for both value (X) axis, & value (Y) axis Chart tools: Layout: Labels: Chart title
Chart tools: Layout: Labels: Axis title
NOW CHECK THE PLOT AGAINST THE DATA!!
Double click on any item in the graph you wish to modify (experiment!) Optional - to set a fixed range on an axis:
RIGHT Click on the axis line or tick label to open operation box
Use options in box to set reasonable (& not conflicting) min, max, step sizes, # decimals displayed etc.
Skills to demonstrate:
1. How and Why to set the axis range 2. How to set the axis range
a. left click on the axes to select it, this will show as a selection box around the axes and its labels.
b. Right click exactly on a number along the axis.
c. Select: format axis
d. use axis options, min and max to set the axis range 3. How to change a graph once you make it:
a. Change axis label: click on it to select it and edit it
b. Position of legend: Select it, then drag it to move it, and change its shape.
4. How to copy a graph and a range of cells to word.
To include a regression line and calculate the equation of the line
Chart must be selected or chart tool will not be available
Chart tools: Layout: trendline: more trendline options (do not choose the shortcut to directly add a linear trend line): select data series: options = display equation To format trendline: select trendline: right click: format trendline: line color = black,
line style can be modified
Calculate a correlation
place the cursor in the cell where you want the calculated value to appear Formulas tab: Function Library: Insert Function:
category = statistical, then select function (e.g., correl) select range
Alternate method:
Formulas tab: Function Library: More Functions: Statistical: then select function (e.g., correl),
Copying excel material to word
For writing a report: You will produce a professional report by copying the graph and pasting it into a Word document to create on Word file with text and figures. To copy the graph to word: Select the graph. Ensure you select the whole graph, i.e., click near the edge of the graph frame and see the outer most edge of the graph indicated by the
selection box. Do not select only the axis portion of the graph by clicking at the center of the graph. Copy the graph. Then open your word report document, and place the cursor where you want the graph to go, and paste the graph in.
To copy the output table to word: Select the range of cells you wish to copy. Copy the range. Then open your word report document, and place the cursor where you want the table to go, and paste the data table in.
Backup your work
Ensure you have more than one copy of any work you care about!!!
The following are advanced techniques required of KIN 506 students, and potentially useful for KIN 306 students when writing lab reports.
Advanced bar graph techniques
To plot mean and standard deviation values for groups to report results.
We will use the following data to produce the following sample graph:
Mean Aerobic Capacity (ml/kg/min) Pre-training Post-training
males 45 50
females 30 40
Standard Deviation of Aerobic Capacity (ml/kg/min)
Pre-training Post-training
males 10 15
females 2.5 5
Mean Aerobic Capacity of Males & Females
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
males females
Maximum Aerobic Capacity (ml/kg/min)
Pre-training Post-training
*
graph the means of variability of groups
Insert tab: charts: column: select top left sub-type (plain column graph):
Chart must be selected or chart tools will not be available
Chart tools: Design: Data: Select data:
Select data source:
Remove any contents if present click on Add button
select series name box, click on cell that contains name of data set (e.g. "Pre- training"). This is the term that will appear in the figure legend.
highlight Values box to select it
select (drag over) the column of cells containing the first data (e.g., pre- training data for males & females, do not include column titles) OK
Horizontal categories label: EDIT
select (drag over) the column of cells containing the bin labels (i.e. males &
females) OK
to add the second data series, click on add AGAIN click in Name box to place cursor there
select a cell containing the label of the data second set of data (e.g. "Post- training"). This is the term that will appear in the figure legend highlight the Values box to select it
select (drag over) the column of cells containing the second data (e.g., post- training data for males & females, do not include column titles).
OK
Control legend (Keep legend if you have more than one set of data on one axis pair) Chart tools: Layout: legend: position/none
turn off Value (Y) axis Major Gridlines (not needed in this simple plot, may be needed in more complex ones you make)
Chart tools: Layout: axis: gridline: Horizontal gridlines
enter appropriate title, and labels for both value (X) axis, & value (Y) axis Chart tools: Layout: Labels: Chart title
Chart tools: Layout: Labels: Axis title
NOW CHECK THE PLOT AGAINST THE DATA!!
Double click on any item in the graph you wish to modify (experiment!) Optional - to set a fixed range on an axis:
RIGHT Click on the axis line or tick label to open operation box
Use options in box to set reasonable (& not conflicting) min, max, step sizes, # decimals displayed etc.
Now add the error bars to first data set:
Chart tools: Layout: analysis: error bars: more error bar options:
Select ONE set of data. (e.g., Pre training) OK
Select "Both" & "Custom"
“specfy value”
Place cursor in "+" range box
Drag and select the column of male & female pretraining standard deviation values
Place cursor in "-" range box
Drag and select the column of male & female pretraining standard deviation values
OK
Now add the error bars to second data set - by repeating the above procedure for the second data set
Note:
You can insert text (such as a symbol to mark significance) by using: Insert: text:
text box.
You can change the words used in the graph legend by changing the text of the corresponding cell in the excel spreadsheet.
Changes in the data in the excel spreadsheet will automatically be replotted.
The same data can be plotted in an alternative organization, as shown below, by:
Chart tools: design: data: Switch row/column
Mean Aerobic Capacity Pre and Post Training for Both Sexes
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Pre-training Post-training Maximum Aerobic Capacity (ml/kg/min)
males females
Non-parametric test – Chi Squared Chi Squared analysis
See sample data in Excel lesson data worksheet.
Organize table of Actual Observations
Calculate table of Expected Observations (using absolute and relative addresses) Expected responses = (column total x row total) / N
Use function: CHITEST (use function help if needed) Function returns probability
Note that you can copy the first Chi Squared test you build, and use it as a template for additional questions.
