Transdisciplinary Engineering

Transdisciplinary Engineering

Methods for Social Innovation of

Industry ^4.0

Proceedings of the 25th ISPE Inc. International Conference on

Transdisciplinary Engineering, July 3-6, ²⁰¹⁸

Edited by

Margherita ^Peruzzini

University of Modena and Reggio ^Emilia, Italy

Marcello Pellicciari

University of ^{Modena and} Reggio ^Emilia, Italy

Cees Bil

RMIT University, ^Australia

Josip Stjepandic

PROSTEPAG, Germany and

Nel Wognum

TU Delft, The Netherlands

IOS

Press

Amsterdam

Berlin

Washington, ^DC

xiii

Contents

Preface

Margherita ^{Peruzzini, Marcello} Pellicciari, Cees Bil, Josip Stjepandic and Nel Wognum

Committees ix

Conference Organization

Part 1. Industry 4.0 and Smart Manufacturing

Systems ^Evaluation Methodology ^{to Attend the} Digital Projects Requirements ^for

Industry ^{4.0 3}

Luiz Ramos, ^{Eduardo Loures, Fernando} Deschamps, Edson Giesel and Everson Savaris

Dealing with Data and Software Interoperability ^{Issues in} Digital ^{Factories 13} Nicola Bicocchi, ^Giacomo Cabri, Federica Mandreoli

and Massimo Mecella

Deriving ^Functional Requirements ^for Industry ^{4.0 from} Industry's ^Assessment

of Needs 23

Andrew Vickery, Erwin Ranch and Christopher ^{A. Brown}

Virtual Assistant to Real Time Training

^Industrial Environment 33 Andre da Silva Barbosa, Felipe ^Pinheiro Silva,

Lucas Rafael ^{dos Santos Crestani and} Rodrigo ^{Bueno Otto}

Maintenance in Aeronautics in

Industry 4.0 Context: The Role of AR

and AM 43

Alessandro Ceruti, Pier Marzocca, Alfredo Liverani and Cees Bil

IoT to Enable Social Sustainability ⁱⁿ Manufacturing Systems ⁵³

Alessandra Papetti, ^Fabio Gregori, ^Monica Pandolfi, Margherita ^Peruzzini

and Michele Germani

Transfer of Industry ^{4.0 to Small} and Medium Sized Enterprises ⁶³

Erwin Rauch, Dominik T. Matt, Christopher ^{A. Brown, Walter Towner,} Andrew Vickery and Salinee Santiteerakul

Industry ^4.0 Through Organizational Interoperability Perspective: A Multicriteria

Decision Analysis ⁷²

Pedro F.O. Gomes, GiovaniA. Bordini, Eduardo F.R. Loures and Eduardo A.P. Santos

An Analysis ^{of the State} of Framework Development ^for Reasoning ^{in Smart}

Cyber-Physical Systems ⁸²

Sirsak Tepjit, Imre Horvdth and Zoltdn Rusdk

Digital Manufacturing and Virtual Commissioning ^of Intelligent Factories and

Industry ^4.0 Systems Using Graph-Based Design Languages ⁹³ Nicolai Beisheim, Markus Kiesel and Stephan Rudolph

Intellectual Property Protection and Licensing of 3D Print with Blockchain

Technology ¹⁰³

Felix Engelmann, ^{Martin Holland,} Christopher Nigischer and Josip Stjepandic

Indoor Object Reconstruction Based

Acquisition by Low-Cost Devices 113

Sergej Bondar, Borhan Salem and Josip Stjepandic

Part 2. Additive Manufacturing

Towards the Democratisation of Design: Exploration ^of Variability ⁱⁿ

the Process of Filament Deposition Modelling ⁱⁿ Desktop ^Additive

Manufacture 125

Mark Goudswaard, Ben Hicks and Aydin ^Nassehi

Proj ^{ect Risk} Management ^for Digital Manufacturing ¹³⁵ Gianfranco Muncinelli, Edson Pinheiro De Lima,

Sergio ^{E. Gouvea} Da Costa and Fernando Deschamps

Integrating ^Additive Manufacturing ^{in the} Design ^of Aerospace Components ¹⁴⁵ Roland Stolt, Tim Heikkinen and FredrikElgh

Topology Optimization Approach ⁱⁿ

^{Process of} Designing ^of Composite ^Shell

Structures 155

Wojciech ^{Skarka, Tomasz} Pabian and Mateusz Wqsik

Influence of Control Parameters

Consumer FDM 3D Printing ¹⁶⁵ Nicola Cappetti, Alessandro Naddeo and Giuseppe ^Salerno

Towards the Development of Additive Layer Manufacturing ^{Cost Model 178} Essam Shehab, ^Jimena Lapuerta-Porpetta, ^{Alice Michel, Celia Paris,}

Adele Perrin, Sergio Selgas-Carvajal, Margaux Schuler, ^Emilie Ung, Leigh Kirkwood, ^Paul Baguley, ^Shoaib Sarfraz ^{and Phani} Chinchapatnam Concept Development for CAD Model Adaptation ^to

Change ^from Injection

Molding ^{to Additive} Manufacturing ¹⁸⁸

Sergej ^{Bondar, Jens} Eufinger, Josip Stjepandic and Dominik Vetter Intellectual Property Protection in Smart Systems Engineering

Exchange ^of

Simulation Models 198

Timo Wekerle, Alain Pfouga, Josip Stjepandic and Pierre Mai

Part 3. Human-Centered Design

Human and User-Centered Design ^Product Development: A Literature Review

and Reflections 211

Gabriela linger Unruh and Osiris Canciglieri ^Junior

Toward the Definition of

Technological Set-up ^{for Drivers' Health Status}

Monitoring ²²¹

Margherita Peruzzini, Elena Foco and Alfredo ^Reboa

High-Aged Using Smart Phone Interface Gesture Operation ^{Research 231} Shuo Fang ^{Liu and} Ming Hong Wang

Inclusion Through ^Robotics: Designing Human-Robot Collaboration for

Handicapped ^{Workers 239}

David Kremer, Sibylle ^Hermann, Christian Henkel and Matthias Schneider

Impact ^of Simulated Gaze Gestures

Social Interaction for People with Visual

Impairments ²⁴⁹

Shi Qiu, Ting Han, ^Matthias Rauterberg ^{and Jun Hu}

Study

Prototype-Base ^{for Detection and} Activation of Land Mines in

Angolan Territory ²⁵⁹

Luiz Fernando R. Campos, Andre Ferrarezi, Rodis Angelo Borges

and Sascha Dengler ^Di Prospero

Gesture Recognition from Skeleton Data for Intuitive Human-Machine

Interaction 271

Andre Bras, Miguel Simdo and Pedro Neto

Deep Learning-Based ^{Method for} Vision-Guided Robotic Grasping ^of

Unknown Objects ²⁸¹

Luca Bergamini, ^Mario Sposato, Margherita ^Peruzzini, Roberto Vezzani and Marcello Pellicciari

Simulation and Analysis ^of

Automotive Active Head Restraint 291 Terence Polorotoff and Cees Bil

Human-Robot Collision Avoidance for Industrial Robots: A V-REP Based

Solution 301

Mohammad Safeea and Pedro Neto

Safety Training ^4.0: Active, Collaborative, Human-Focused Practices,

to Improve ^{Health at Work 310}

Federico Ricci, Annalisa Pelosi, Chiara Panari and Andrea Chiesi

Ballistocardiogram-Based Heart Rate Variation Monitoring Using Unsupervised

Learning ³²⁰

Gang ^Shen, Mingqi Yang ^and Biyong Zhang

Adaptive Inspection Cell for HMI Consoles 330

Alison S. Nakashima, Vitor Sousa, Jose Lima and Paulo Leitdo

Participatory Design ^of

Personalized Device for

Student with Spastic

Quadriplegia ^{at Federico II 339}

Antonio Lanzotti, ^Massimo Martorelli, Stefano Papa, ^Gennaro Sicignano, Alessandro Pepino, ^Salvatore Orrei, Stefano Ciaramella,

Domenico Maria Del Giudice, Antonio Gloria and Salvatore Gerbino

Systemic Approach ^to Identifying ^{Misuses of} Physiotherapeutic ^{Devices 350}

Katarzyna Jezierska-Krupa ^and Wojciech ^Skarka

Part 4. Innovation and Product Development

The Toyota ^Kata Approach for Lean Product Development ³⁶¹ Mayara Silvestre De Oliveira, Jaime Andres Lozano,

Jader Riso Barbosa Jr and Fernando Antonio Forcellini

Platform Models for Agile Customization

What's Beyond Modularization? 371 Fredrik Elgh, Joel Johansson, Roland Stolt, Martin Lennartsson,

Tim Heikkinen and Dag Raudberget

Research and Analysis ^of Opportunities ^{in Product} Development ^Cost

Estimation Through Expert Systems ³⁸¹

Rafael ^{Voltolini, Kaio} Vasconcelos, ^Milton Borsato and Margherita ^Peruzzini

Engineering Collaboration in Product Development of Modular Products 391 Sergej ^{Bondar and} Josip Stjepandic

Use of Corporate and Consumer Knowledge ^{in Product} Development:

Bibliometric and Systemic Analysis ⁴⁰¹

Alvaro Cesar Kulaitis Junior, ^{Milton Borsato} and Otavio Gobbo Junior

Preliminary ^Review

Product and Services Integrated Development ⁴¹¹

Karla Fabricia De Oliveira, ^Osiris Canciglieri ^Junior

and Fernando Antonio Forcellini

BPMN Applied ^{to the Automation of}

Integrated ^Product Development

Process Oriented to the R&D Projects of the Brazilian Electrical Sector 421 Maria Carolina do Vol da Fonseca and Osiris Canciglieri ^Junior

New Application ^{of Product} Development ^{Model Oriented} to the R&D Program

of Brazilian Electrical Sector for Planning

^Product Project ⁴³¹

Joao Adalberto Pereira, Mauricio Penha, ^Osiris Canciglieri ^Junior, Rodrigo Bueno Otto and Vilson Rodrigo Mognon

An Integrated Quality Engineering ^and Evolutionary Neural Network Procedure

for Product Design ⁴⁴¹

Ming-Chyuan ^Lin, Meng-Dar ^Shieh, Shuo-Fang ^Liu and Yun-Yun Wu

The Firm's Critical Dimensions in the Open Innovation Arena 451 Ashwin Sivam, ^Teresa Dieguez, Luis Pinto Ferreira and F.J. G. Silva

A Strategy ^to Reinforce the Textile and Clothing Sector Cluster in Portugal ⁴⁵⁹ Bharath Ramesh, ^Teresa Dieguez, Luis Pinto Ferreira and F.J. G. Silva

An Integrated Computer-Aided Design Environment for Customizing

Product/Service Systems ⁴⁶⁹

Ching-Hung ^{Lee, Chun-Hsien Chen,} Yu-Chi Lee and ZuoXu Wang Knowledge Representation ^and Reasoning Methods in the Concept

Development ^{of Product} Design: ^A State-of-the-Art Review 478 Zuoxu Wang, ^Pai Zheng, Ching-Hung Lee and Chun-Hsien Chen

Embedding ^Customers' Viewpoint ^{in FMEA:} Application ^{in Service 488}

Thuangporn Charoenchokdilok and Pisut Koomsap

xvii

Hybrid Wheel Innovative Suspension System ⁴⁹⁶

Wojciech ^{Kocon and} Wojciech ^Skarka

The Comparative ^Research

^the Development Positioning of the Industrial

Design ^{Awards 506}

Kun Zhou, ^{Fei Hu and} Xing ^Xu

Adaptable Design

Towards Smart One-of-a-Kind Product Development ⁵¹⁶ Mitja ^Varl, Jozef Duhovnik and Joze Tavcar

Meaningful Experience ^{in Service} Design: ^Case Study of SAPAD Framework

Application ⁵²⁶

Fei Hu, Keiichi Sato, Kun Zhou, Xi Zhang ^and Zhangsheng ^Liu

Engineering Tomorrow Will be

Game of Soccer 536

Shuichi Fukuda

Preliminary Design of Product Lines Based on Their Non-Functional

Requirements ⁵⁴⁶

German Urrego-Giraldo, Gloria-Lucia Giraldo and Olga-Eugenia Urrego-Giraldo

Design Automation of Electric Vehicle'

Aerodynamic ^{Parts 556} Wojciech Skarka, Mateusz Wqsik, Ryszard Skoberla and Andrzej ^Jalowiecki

Model-Based Design ^and Optimization of Electric Vehicles 566

Wojciech ^Skarka

Supporting Innovation and Knowledge Transfer from Individual to Corporate

Level 576

Dag Raudberget, ^{Mikael Strom and} FredrikElgh

Modeling ^Consumer Insight Strategy ^{in Product} Development: ^{A Decision}

Framework for Product Managers ⁵⁸⁶

Lenni Kimawati and Bryan ^{R. Moser}

Part 5. Cost Modeling

Inventory Management ^{Method with} Demand Forecast in e-Commerce 601

Kenji Tanaka and Daishi Sagawa

Towards Cost Modelling ^{for Laser} Drilling ^{Process 611}

Shoaib Sarjraz, ^{Essam Shehab,} Konstantinos Salonitis, Wojciech ^Suder and Muhammad Sajid

Should Costing: ^{A Holistic} Approach from the Product Design ^to Procurement 619 Marco Mandolini, ^{Claudio Favi and} Michele Germani

Part 6. Decision Support

Alarm Management According ^{to ISA SP 18.2 Standard Based}

^Process

Mining and Multi-Criteria Decision Making ^{Methods 633}

Cleiton F. dos Santos, Rolando J.K. Netto, Eduardo de F.R. Loures

and Eduardo A.P. Santos

A Systematic ^{Review to} Support Assisted Dental Implant ^{Process 643} Sabrina Tinfer, Anderson Luis Szejka, ^Marcelo Rudek,

Carla Cristina Amodio Estorilio and Osiris Canciglieri ^Junior

Decision Support for Information Technology Introduction by Systems

Approach ⁶⁵²

Kazuo Hiekata, Taiga Mitsuyuki and Kensuke Uno

Part 7. Modeling, Simulation and Virtual Design

Glencoe

A Tool for Specification, Visualization and Formal Analysis

of Product Lines 665

Anna Schmitt, Christian Bettinger ^and Georg ^Rock

Generative Modelling Technique Application ^for Unfold Surface Designs ⁶⁷⁴ Andrzej Jalowiecki and Wojciech ^Skarka

Modelling Stepped-Lap Adhesive Joints by ^{the Extended} Finite Element

Method 684

R.M.D. Machado, ^R.D.S.G. Campilho, R.J.B. RochaandF.J.G. Silva Geometrical Optimization ^of Axially Loaded Tubular Adhesive Joints by

Finite Elements 693

L.R.F. Ferreira, R.D.S.G. Campilho ^{andD.R. Barbosa}

Digital Manufacturing and Virtual Reality for Tractors' Human-Centred

Design ⁷⁰²

Fabio Grandi, Margherita ^{Peruzzini, Luca Zanni,} Claudia Elisabetta Campanella and Marcello Pellicciari

An Application of 'LOVE' Model for Assessing ^Research Experience ⁷¹² Duangthida Hussadintorn Na Ayutthaya ^{and Pisut} Koomsap

Simulation Analysis ^of Engineering Change ^{Processes to} Reduce Total Cost of

Ownership ⁷²¹

John P.T. Mo and Anthony Caporaso

OPTIMISED

Developing

State of the Art System for Production Planning

for Industry 4.0 in the Construction Industry Using Simulation-Based

Optimisation ⁷³¹

Sabine Teufl, Kayode ^{Owa, Dirk} Steinhauer, ^Elkin Castro,

Graham Herries, Robert John and Svetan Ratchev

Part 8. Transdisciplinary Engineering

Study

APP Interface Design Under the Context of "Intangible ^Cultural

Heritage" Inheritance and Innovation 743

Zijie ^Xie

Transdisciplinary Engineering ^Research Challenges ⁷⁵³

Nel Wognum, ^{Cees Bil, Fredrik} Elgh, Margherita ^Peruzzini,

Josip Stjepandic ^{and Wim} Verhagen

Architectural Knowledge Integration ⁱⁿ

Social Innovation Context 763 John P.T. Mo and Ronald C. Beckett

Improving ^Online Visibility and Information Sharing Through

the Culturalisation Process of the Product and Website 773

Sylvain Sagot, Egon ^{Ostrosi and} Alain-Jerome Fougeres

Part 9. Production Technology, Robotics and Maintenance

Proposal ^for Improvement ^{in the} Set-up System ^of

Double Mechanical

Brushcutter 785

Luiz Fernando R. Campos, Juliano Costa and Tarcisio Ribinski

National R&D Project Evaluation and Key Performance Indicator Reengineering ⁷⁹⁸

CV. Trappey, ^A.J.C Trappey, ^{B.H.-L. Lin,} S.C.-C. Lin and P.P.-J. Chen

Holistic Framework for Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Production Schedules 807 Vitaly ^Semenov, Semyon ^Arishin, Konstantin Petrishchev

and Vladislav Zolotov

Group Technology: ^Genetic Algorithm ^Based

Greedy Constructive Structure and Refinement by k-Means Method Applied ^to Manufacturing Cell Formation

Problems 817

Rogerio Malta Bronco and Carlos Rodrigues ^Rocha

Design Optimization ^of Propulsion ^Air Supply System ^for Hydrogen ^Cell

Propelled ^{Vehicle 827}

Mateusz Wqsik, Wojciech ^{Skarka and} Mateusz Smarduch

A Design Methodology ^for

^CSP-Based Optimization Approach ⁸³⁷

Paolo Cicconi, ^Miriam Nardelli, ^Roberto Raffaeli and Michele Germani Method for the Strategic Planning ^{of the} Integrated Sustainable Products

Development ^Process (PEPDIPS) ⁸⁴⁷

Grazielle Fatima Gomes Teixeira and Osiris Canciglieri ^Junior

Estimation of Delivery ^Time Considering with Stochastic Service Times 857

Kenji ^{Tanaka, Kazuho Kozawa and} KenjiAraoka

Eco-Efficiency Evaluation of Design Features Based

Value Engineering

Methodology ⁸⁶⁷

Nozomu Mishima, Taichi Kudo and Tsubasa Naito

Design ^and Optimisation ^of Composite Spatial Frame Connectors 877 Michal Sosnowski, Wojciech ^{Skarka and Mateusz} Wqsik

Establishing ^{Guidelines to} Improve ^the High-Pressure ^Die Casting ^{Process of}

Complex ^{Aesthetics Parts 887}

F.J. G. Silva, Raul D.S. G. Campilho, Luis Pinto Ferreira and Maria Teresa Pereira

Productivity Improvement ^of

Production Line Through ^Quick Changeover

Concept

^{A Case} Study ⁸⁹⁷

Eduarda Otero and Isabel Lopes

Application ^{of TOC for}

Newly Developed Shipbuilding Industry ⁹⁰⁷ Hirofumi ^Doi and Takeshi Shinoda

Service Design of Urban Bloodmobile Based

PSS Design Support ^{Tools 917}

Wei Wang ^{and Fei Hit}

Proposal ^of

Appropriate Repair Option from the View Point of Product Value,

Environment Impact and Cost: Case Study of Automobile Engine ⁹²⁷ Takuya ^{Okamoto, Mitsunobu} Fujita, ^{Takao Mori, Motohiro Tamaki,}

Akihiro Hayakawa and Masato Inoue

A Capability Assessment Model of Industry ^4.0 Technologies ^for Viability

Analysis ^{of PoC} (Proof ^Of Concept) ⁱⁿ

^Automotive Company ⁹³⁶

Alvaro dos Santos Justus, Luiz Felipe Pierin Ramos and Eduardo de Freitas Rocha Lowes

Identification of Strategic Maintenance Resource Demand

A Reliability ^Based

Approach ⁹⁴⁶

Prasobh Narayanan, ^WimJ.C. Verhagen and V.S. Viswanath Dhanisetty

Management ^of Complex Product Data Using Incremental Semantic Validation 956 Denis Ilyin, Sergey ^Morozov, Vitaly Semenov and Oleg Tarlapan

Approach for Preventive Maintenance Planning of Machine Tools 966 C.R. Fires, ^IS. Lopes ^{andL.P. Basto}

A Proposal

Electricity Trading ^Platform Using ^{Blockchain 976} Kenji Tanaka, RikiyaAbe, TrietNguyen-Van, ^{Yuto Yamazaki,}

Tetsuya Kamitamari, Kazue Sako and Toshio Koide

Optimization Methodology ^for Automotive Chassis Design by Truss Frame:

A Preliminary Investigation Using ^{the Lattice} Approach ⁹⁸⁴

Sara Mantovani, Giuseppe ^Alessio Campo, Andrea Ferrari and Marco Cavazzuti

Key Inefficiencies and Improvement Opportunities ^{in the Textile Sector:}

A Case Study ⁹⁹³

Alexandra Vieira, EusebioNunes and Sergio ^Sousa

Blockchain-Based Cloud Manufacturing: Decentralization 1003 AH Vatankhah Barenji, Hanyang ^Guo, Zonggui Tian, ZhiLi, W.M. Wang

and George Q. Huang

Part 10. Knowledge ^{and Data} Management

BigDedup: ^A Big ^Data Integration Toolkit for Duplicate Detection in Industrial

Scenarios 1015

Luca Gagliardelli, Song ^Zhu, Giovanni Simonini and Sonia Bergamaschi

Towards Semantic Interoperability Approach ^to Support the Calibration

Process of Electronic Engine Management System ¹⁰²⁴

Bruno Sergio Adamczyk, ^{Anderson Luis} Szejka, ^Osiris Canciglieri ^Junior

and OUcio da Silva Junior

xxi

Knowledge Management Support ^{in the} Engineering Change ^{Process 1034}

Joze Tavcar and JozefDuhovnik

Enacted Affordance when Doing Transdisciplinary Engineering ¹⁰⁴⁴

John Bang ^{Mathiasen, Lars} Bcekgaard and Jacob Steendahl Nielsen

Design Rationale, Knowledge ^Based Engineering ^and Knowledge Management

in Large Supplier Company ¹⁰⁵⁴

Jerzy Pokojski, ^Lukasz Woznicki and Marcin Debniak

Conceptual and Detailed Design Knowledge Management in Customized

Production

Industrial Perspective ¹⁰⁶⁴

Jerzy Pokojski, Konrad Oleksinski and Jaroslaw Pruszynski

MOMIS Dashboard: A Powerful Data Analytics ^{Tool for} Industry ^{4.0 1074}

Luca Magnotta, ^Luca Gagliardelli, ^{Giovanni Simonini,} Mirko Orsini and Sonia Bergamaschi

Knowledge Management ⁱⁿ

Dynamic Manufacturing Context: A Case Study ¹⁰⁸² Sergio ^{Dinis Sousa,} Eusebio Pinto Nunes and Ronildo Soma Silva

The Designed ^Product Construction Information Semantic Representation

in

CAD-System ¹⁰⁹²

Denis Tsygankov, Alexander Pokhilko and Ivan Gorbachev What Does Data Analytics ^{Offer for} Extracting Knowledge ^from

Middle-of-Life Product Data? 1102

Fatima-Zahra Abou Eddahab and Imre Horvdth

Development ^of Working-Posture Monitoring System ^for ETgonomic

Manufacturing ^Work Environment 1112

Teruaki Ito, ^Seri Rahayu ^Kamat, Minoru Fukumi and Mohammad Firdaus Ani

Part 11. Sustainability, ^Risk Management ^and Supply ^Chain

Evaluating Supply Chain Risks in

Capability-Based Sustainment

Environment 1125

John P. T. Mo and Sindhuja ^Shankar

Investigating into the Risks of Forming ^{Alliance 1135} Matthew Cook and John P. T. Mo

Unstable Approach in Aviation: Examine Air Traffic Controllers' Involvement

from Situation Awareness and Shared-Situation Awareness 1145 Hsueh-Yi Lai, Chun-Hsien Chen and Li-Pheng ^Khoo

A Strategy ^of Providing Upgradable Product Service System for Economic and

Environmental Balance 1155

Shuho Yamada, Takumi Sugiura, ^Tetsuo Yamada, Stefan ^Bracke

and Masato Inoue

An Independent Power Cell for Energy Generation from Residual Frying ^{Oil 1165}

Anderson F. Porte, ^Carlos R. Rocha and Marcelo M. Galarga

How Can Green Supply ^Chain Management ^{Contribute to the Product}

Development ^{Process 1175}

Osiris Canciglieri Junior, Alda Yoshi Uemura Reche and Carla Cristina Amodio Estorilio

A Critical Review of Industrial Symbiosis ^{Models 1184}

Martina Scafa, Marco Marconi and Michele Germani

New Trends for Mitigation of Environmental Impacts: ^{A Literature Review 1194} Kaio Vasconcelos De Oliveira, ^Milton Borsato and Vitor Miranda

An Intelligent ^Patent Summary System Deploying ^Natural Language

Processing ^and Machining Learning ¹²⁰⁴

AJ.C. Trappey, ^C.V. Trappey, ^J.W.-C. Wang and J.-L. Wu

Subject ^{Index 1215}

Author Index ¹²²¹