A Review on Freshness of the Fish by Different Methods

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A Review on Freshness of the Fish by Different

Methods

Manjunath C R1, Charan Teja Vallampati2, Pooja Bhattacharjee3

1, 2, 3_{Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology-Jain University Bengaluru, India}

Abstract: The healthcare system is the one which develops and delivers clinical and integrated software solutions for healthcare facilities which are specialized under pharmacy radiology etc. and are those which reduces cost and errors and thereby improving patient health and the access to information. Fish is an incredible sustenance to expend for us. It is sound tasty however it has an exceptionally restricted time span of usability. After that restricted time consuming the fish can harm individual’s wellbeing. From that point, angle begins including in security viewpoints for example being free from unsafe microscopic organism’s parasites or chemicals. There are few hints to choose whether a fish is new or not like checking its eyes, smell or gills. All these methods require in-depth subject knowledge experience about the fish and it also gives results which change from person to person. There are four highlights used to decide fish freshness, three of which are connected with shape and the other is identified with the shading. Ninety percent of the test fish have been correctly recognized by using the shape features. Colour features helped in successfully classifying the test fishes. The above result proves that the technique which is proposed can successfully be used to detect the freshness of the fish. Here we are going to discuss all the different methods and find out the optimal method in determination of freshness of the fish.

Keywords: Healthcare system, Fish freshness, Healthcare industry, Big Data analytics Predictive insights, Rotten fish, Fresh fish.

I. INTRODUCTION

The healthcare industry otherwise called the health economy or medicinal industry is the scope of organizations and non-benefit associations that give restorative administration, create pharmaceuticals and manufacture medical equipment. It incorporates the production of merchandise and enterprises loaning themselves for Keeping up and re-setting up wellbeing. The propelled medicinal services industry is isolated into various segments and depends after relating gatherings of arranged specialists and experts to address restorative issues of individuals and people

The medicinal services administrations industry is world's greatest and couple of speediest creating wanders. Exhausting over 10% of Gross household result of most made Nations, human administrations can shape a huge bit of a country's economy.

Human administrations in the USA is given by different particular good 'old fashioned segments. Current evaluations had put US restorative administrations spending at around 15% of Gross residential item, which is the most stunning on the planet. The Assembled States spends the most basic level of therapeutic administrations costs on pharmaceuticals on the planet. In USA, around 85% of inhabitants have prosperity protection, it may be either from their executive or bought exclusively.

For the money related reason, the human services industry is partitioned into numerous segments. The UNISIC had sorted the human services industry as following:

Hospital exercises

Activities identified with Medical and dental practice Other human wellbeing exercises.

The human wellbeing exercises are the ones which are done under the care of physiotherapists, attendants, pathology centres, logical labs, private wellbeing offices in the field of pharmaceutical, yoga, strength, music, word related treatment, uplifting language instruction, chiropody, homeopathy, chiropractic's, needle therapy, and so forth.

The Standard for Global Industry Classification had recognized the business into two fundamental gatherings: Healthcare gear and administrations.

Biotechnology, Pharmaceuticals and related life sciences.

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Distinctive approaches to manage describe degree of human administrations industry tends to get a more broad definition which has a key exercises related to prosperity, preparing, organization of prosperity organizations transport and heading and game plan of complementary medications and regular close by association of therapeutic scope.

A. Food

Food can be any substance exhausted to give dietary help to a living being. It is generally of plant or animal starting, which contains crucial supplements, for instance, proteins, starches, fats, vitamins and minerals. The substance is ingested by a living being and consumed by the living being's cells to brace improvement, give essentialness, and take care of life.

Truly, people secured nourishment by two strategies: chasing and assembling and agribusiness. In introduce day, nourishment vitality that is required by expanding populace of the world is provided from the sustenance business.

B, Food sources

Most of the food has its starting point in the plants. Some are gained particularly from plants; yet the animals are even used as sources are raised by supporting them with food got from different plants. Oat grain is staple nourishment that gives more vitality worldwide than some other kind of thing. Corn, wheat, and rice – in the lion's offer of their groupings – address 87% of all grain age far and wide. The greater part of the grain that is made worldwide is sustained to prepared animals.

A few eatables that are not from animal or plant sources fuse diverse acceptable parasites, especially mushrooms. Growths, Parasites and including microorganisms are used as a piece of the preparation of aged and salted sustenance’s like raised bread, blended refreshments, cheddar, pickles and yogurt. Another representation is blue green development, for instance, Spirulina. Inorganic substances, for instance, salt, warming pop and cream of tartar are used to spare or misleadingly adjust a settling. Fish---Fish is among the most advantageous sustenance on the planet. It is stacked with essential supplements, for example, protein and vitamin D. Fish is additionally the world's best wellspring of unsaturated fats, which are unbelievably fundamental for your body and mind. Fish is a high-protein, low-fat sustenance that gives a level of therapeutic focal core interests. White-fleshed edge, particularly, is bring down in fat than some other wellspring of animal protein.

Research over the traverse recently decades has demonstrated that the supplements and minerals in point found in pelagic fishes, are heart-satisfying and can make refreshes in mental health and development.

Marine pelagic

Pelagic fish live and sustain close to the surface or in the water segment of the ocean, yet not on the base of the ocean.

Marine demersal

Demersal angle live and eat or close to the base of the ocean.

diadromous Diadromous fish are angles which relocate between the ocean and crisp water. freshwater Freshwater angle live in waterways, lakes and lakes.

Table1.1. Types of fish

1) Health Problems Caused By Rotten Fish---When fish is spoiled, a chemical called histamine is released naturally by the dead fish. This chemical is highly toxic and its intake leads to nausea, diarrhoea, headache and burning of the tongue. These symptoms are seen barely 10 minutes into consumption. In rare cases the person may collapse or lose vision. Immediate medication has to be given. The cause is inadequate refrigeration after a catch.

2) Salmonella bacteria may be present in raw or improperly cooked fish. The common symptoms are typical of food poisoning and include vomiting, diarrhoea, chills and fever. Effect is seen within 24 hours.

3) Vibrioparahaemolyticus, a bacteria is naturally present in raw fish. It causes headache, abdominal cramps as well as fever. It can also grow in cooked fish if handling was improper.

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Fig. 1 Fresh fish

Fig. 2 Rotten fish

II. PROBLEMSTATEMENT

To do the comparative studies on various methods available for the freshness of the fish by and determine the best solution. Fish freshness can be determined using few parameters like time on ice, time in frozen storage, storage temperature, process time, equipment’s and chemicals, overall cost , acceptability etc.

We consider four major parameters that will help us to determine the best solution.

A. Process Time

This gives the total time taken by each method to give the required appropriate results that determines fish freshness.

B. Equipment’s and Chemicals Required

Each method requires few tools and chemicals before freshness is determined. Therefor this is the second parameter.

C. Cost

This includes the cost of each equipment and chemical used along with their maintenance cost.

D. Accuracy

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III. LITERATURESURVEY

They are various papers which proposes different methodologies and technologies for fish freshness assessment. Here are some of the papers which will provide us methodologies to validate fish freshness.

Fish is an imperative wellspring of protein and different supplements for people from time immemorial. Numerous types of fish are devoured as sustenance in for all intents and purposes all districts the world over. Fish has good amounts of minerals and proteins. It might be classed as either whitefish. for example, haddock and soothsayer, contain almost no fat (typically under 1%) while sleek fish, for example, sardines, contain between 10– 25%. The last mentioned, because of its high fat substance, contain a scope of fat-solvent vitamins (A, D, E and K) and basic unsaturated fats, which are all indispensable for the sound working of the body. Research in the course of recent decades has demonstrated that the supplements and minerals in angle are heart-accommodating and can make upgrades in mental health and generation.

Ni Made Satvika Iswari ,Wella and Ranny[1] have proposed a method to classify the fish freshness based on fish image was developed. K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) was used as the classification algorithm based on fish image colours summarization. Accuracy result of the classification by using kNN was 91.36%. This indicates that the resulting method was acceptable. Meanwhile, the colour that determines the fish freshness the most was the black colour of the fish eyes. It was because the black colour had the highest Information Gain for all type of the fish used.

In this regard Jun Gu ,Nan He and Xiaoxue Wu [2] have proposed a strategy that got the insights highlights of dim qualities for eye iris picture at in the first place, and after that the surface highlights of fish body were acquired and down examined. At that point the joined element vectors by these two highlights were utilized to achieve freshness discovery. The technique was confirmed by utilizing carps arbitrarily bought and the location precision rate got 86.3%. The exploratory outcomes demonstrate that the proposed strategy can accomplish exact fish freshness discovery quickly and nondestructively.

D Dimogianopoulos and K. Grigorakis [3] proposed a nondestructive plan for surveying freshness of entire crude fish of different sizes/weights, utilizing a stochastic model‐based blame finding system. Dissimilar to most options, the plan identifies early posthumous surface adjustments connected to freshness decreases, along these lines encouraging the precise estimation of high‐quality time span of usability of fish. The strategy includes the exploratory testing of fish tests by means of vibration‐like methodology, and the assessment of contrasts between an example of obscure freshness and an entire gathering of crisp fish of potentially unique sizes/weights. Freshness degree is dependably finished up by means of measurable decision‐making speculation tests, which likewise evaluate the vulnerability of the procedure. Eleven entire crude ocean bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) of different sizes/weights and freshness degrees were tried, with freshness comes about accurately surveyed as affirmed by organoleptic freshness assessment.

Alasalvar C, Taylor KDA, Öksüz A, Garthwaite T, Alexis, MN and Grigorakis K [4] proposed that K, Ki and G values had good correlation with the degree of freshness and can be used as freshness indicators.

Hui Guohua, Wang Lvye, Mo Yanhong and Zhang Lingxia [5] proposed an electronic nose based quality prescient model of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) put away at 277K temperature. The progressions of sensor cluster reaction to tests were caused by the new-created gas species discharged by microbial proliferations. Foremost segment investigation strategy segregated new grass carp tests from medium examples and matured examples. Stochastic reverberation motion to-commotion proportion maximums recognized new, medium, and matured grass carp tests effectively. The quality anticipating model was produced in view of flag to-clamor proportion maximums non-direct fitting relapse. Approving examinations showed that the foreseeing exactness of this model was 87.5%.

Liang-Yu Chang, Ming-Yen Chuang, Hsiao-Wen Zan, Hsin-Fei Meng, Chia-Jung Lu, Ping-Hung Yeh, and Jian-Nan Chen [6] have effectively exhibited a quick technique to decide the fish freshness by utilizing a detecting framework containing a ultrasensitive amine gas sensor to identify the unstable amine gas from the crude fish meat. At the point when customary titration strategy finds a way to test the aggregate unpredictable fundamental nitrogen (TVB-N) as an overall standard for angle freshness, this sensor takes 1 min to convey an electrical detecting reaction that is exceptionally connected with the TVB-N esteem.

SamanehMatindoust, MajidBaghaei-Nejad, Mohammad HadiShahrokh Abadi, ZhuoZou and Li-RongZheng [7] proposed a paper that expected to examine distinctive conceivable outcomes for executing simple to-utilize and financially savvy miniaturized scale frameworks to distinguish and follow removed gases from spoiled fish. The paper secured different radio-recurrence distinguishing proof (RFID) advances and gas sensors as the two advancing possibilities for the following of bundled nourishment.

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fish freshness including tangible assessment, microbial review, synthetic estimations of dampness content, unpredictable mixes, protein changes, lipid oxidation, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) disintegration (K esteem), physical estimations, and remote material pollution location.

Daisuke Itoh, Eri Koyachi, Masatoshi Yokokawa, Yuko Murata, Masakazu Murata, and Hiroaki Suzuki [9] utilized an electrochemical microfluidic gadget with two detecting locales in the upper and lower surges of a stream channel created to gauge the K-esteem as a methods for assessing the freshness of fish. In this gadget, attachments of arrangements were prepared utilizing instruments to put a fitting at the detecting site and to consolidation and blend two fittings in a solitary stream channel.

The entireties of ATP-related compound focuses utilized for the estimation of the K-esteem were estimated at the first and second detecting destinations. The proportion of the yield streams concurred well with the K-esteem computed from foreordained fixations in standard arrangements.

The K-estimations of jack mackerel, yellow tail, and ocean bream extricates were then acquired utilizing the gadget and were found to concur well with those got by superior fluid chromatography (HPLC). Likewise, the adjustments in the K-esteem with time were seen to depend emphatically on the sort of fish for these three fish removes.

Abdo Hassoun &Romdhane Karoui [10] proposed an audit paper that portrayed right off the bat and quickly the fundamental standards of multivariate information examination, trailed by the most generally conventional strategies utilized for the assurance of the freshness and validness of fish and other fish items. An extraordinary spotlight is put on the utilization of quick and nondestructive methods (spectroscopic procedures and instrumental sensors) to deliver a few issues identified with the nature of these items.

Ayten Atasoy; Umit Ozsandikcioglu; Selda Guney utilized an electronic nose [11] which has 8 metal oxide gas sensors and was set up at Karadeniz Specialized College, a fish freshness framework was composed.

There are 7 classes (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 day for angle stockpiling) for arrangement and to perform grouping process, Fake Neural Systems was utilized as a part of this work. To expand the grouping achievement, Counterfeit Neural System engineering, initiation capacities and info information acquired from various element extraction technique was changed, the capacity condition is essential factor for angle freshness and fishes utilized as a part of this investigation were put away at angle economic situations. In this investigation to decide the arrangement achievement, 5-Crease Cross Approval technique was utilized and the greatest achievement rate was acquired as 98.94 %.

Cheng-Ta Chiang; Yen-Kuei Lu; Lian-Teng Lin proposed a structure [12] that fuses a novel indispensable metal-oxide-semiconductor point crumbling marker which is proposed as an utilization of Web of Things (IoT) in edge markets.

The proposed straightforward getting ready circuits were adequately used for perceiving the freshness of swordfish.

The proposed pointer can be a negligible exertion and easy to-use elective for housewives or for IoT applications in edge markets. Likewise, the locator can be particularly passed on through transmission media of IoT contraptions by virtue of its digitized yield. The limits and execution of the proposed identifier were evaluated and affirmed through estimations. The consider assurance of the proposed chip went from 20 kQ to 1 Mω, and the relating yield period expand was 6.21-313 μs.

The most outrageous direct oversight was 0.53%, and the affectability was 0.313 μs/kω.

The chip district was evaluated to be 1.26×1.24 mm2. The freshness revelation time for the swordfish was 0-50 min, and the relating yield period broaden was 107.51-14.66 μs. The freshness of the fish could along these lines be viably chosen in perspective of the

yield time of the proposed chip. The proposed chip is fitting for IoT applications for recognizing fish crumbling, for instance, remotely recognizing fish rot in point markets.

Peiyi Zhu, Jie Du, Chensheng Chen and Xiaoyun Gu proposed [13] a changed unsupervised discriminant projection (MUDP) combined with test mark data to decide shrimp quality. MUDP can keep the nearby and worldwide structure and can exploit the critical of name data, at that point get geometric structure ideal direct projection. Test comes about show that the proposed grouping calculation is greatly improved than some conventional calculations.

Ashish Issac, Malay Kishore Dutta, Biplab Sarkar and Radim Burget [14] proposed a picture preparing based strategy for programmed and productive division of gills from the fish test picture which can be utilized for angle freshness approval and assurance of any pesticide from the fish test under test.

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Table 1. Review of all Methodolog ies

Ref No. Method Feature Extraction Accuracy [1] Image processing (kNN) Color of fish eye 91.36% [2]

Image Processing

grey values for eye iris image , surface texture features of fish

body

86.3% [3]

stochastic model‐based fault diagnosis framework early post-mortem texture alterations

Not mentioned

[5] electronic nose -

87.5% [6] sensing system containing an ultrasensitive amine

gas sensor

Volatile amine gas Not mentioned [7] radio-frequency identification (RFID)

technologies and gas sensors expelled gases

Not mentioned

[9]

An electrochemical microfluidic gadget with two detecting destinations in the upper and

lower floods of a stream channel created. -

Not mentioned

[11]

an electronic

nose which has 8 metal oxide gas sensors - 98.94%

[12]

complementary metal-oxide- semiconductor fish

spoilage detector(IOT) -

Not mentioned [13]

modified unsupervised discriminant projection

(MUDP) coupled with sample label information -

Not mentioned [14]

image processing based method for automatic and efficient segmentation of gills from the fish

sample image

gills from the fish image

92.4%

IV. EXISTING SYSTEM AND THEIR LIMITATIONS

A. Using E-Nose

An electronic nose (e-nose) is a contraption that perceives the specific fragments of an odour and looks at its creation beautifiers to recognize it. An electronic nose contains a framework for engineered area, for instance, an assortment of electronic sensors, and an instrument for plan affirmation, for instance, a neural framework. Electronic noses have been around for a long time however have ordinarily been generous and expensive. Back and forth movement research is revolved around making the contraptions humbler, more moderate, and more sensitive. The smallest version, a nose-on-a-chip is a lone PC chip containing both the sensors and the taking care of portions.

The present work identifies with identification of the freshness of fish by utilizing electronic nose made out of 8 metal oxide sensors. The upsides of the choice tree structure are connected to assess angle freshness by choosing both arrangement calculation and removed highlights in each hub of the choice tree structure. Furthermore, capacity states of fish are not quite the same as different works about fish freshness. In this work, stockpiling states of angler are thought about. In this manner, to decide angle freshness is turned out to be troublesome. Additionally the sub-inspecting technique utilized as highlight extraction strategy is expanded the characterization calculation achievement. This calculation is made out of mix of help vector machine (SVM) and k-Closest Neighbor (k-NN) strategy in choice tree structure. It is demonstrated that this calculation can recognize angle freshness to seven classes with progress rate as 97.22%. Likewise this calculation is contrasted and k-NN and counterfeit neural system.

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the human nose. There is some confirmation that sensors separate smells based on moderately few mixes and later on a connection between particular chemicals and a solitary flavor quality might be achievable.

B. Using QIM (Quality Index Method

The Quality Index Method (QIM) depends on target assessment of specific properties of crude fish (skin, eyes, gills and so on.) utilizing a focuses scoring framework (from 0 to 3). The QIM includes determining the qualities of proper tangible characteristics of crude fish. The scores for every one of the ascribes are then added to give a general tangible score, the supposed quality list. The quality file increments directly with keeping time in ice.The scale gives zero score for completely crisp fish while progressively bigger aggregate outcomes as fish crumbles.

Therefor the aggregate fault score can likewise be utilized to anticipate the rest of the timeframe of realistic usability. The portrayal of the assessment of every parameter is composed in a rule.

No over the top accentuation is laid on a solitary trait so an example can't be dismissed based on a solitary paradigm. Minor contrasts in comes about for any one paradigm don't unduly impact the aggregate QIM score.

The lower the score the fresher the fish. Crude Fish were assessed utilizing Quality Record Strategy utilizing organized classification scale. This depends on freshness quality evaluating framework. The QIM conspire addresses a portion of the characteristic impediments contained in the EU evaluating scheme like not considering the contrast between the species .It doesn't gauge the quality itself, or freshness but instead the degree, or rate of progress in essential criteria used to portray these characteristics.

C. Using Volatile Amine Gas With An Ultrasonic Porous Electrode Capped Organic Gas Sensor System

This is a quick technique to decide the fish freshness by utilizing a detecting framework containing a ultrasensitive amine gas sensor to identify the unpredictable amine gas from the crude fish meat.

At the point when generally titration technique finds a way to test the aggregate unstable fundamentals nitrogen (TVB-N) as an overall standard for freshness, this senor takes 1 moment to convey an electrical detecting reaction that is exceptionally associated with the TVB-N esteem. When recognizing a new fish with a TVB-N as 18mg/100g, the sensor conveys a successful alkali fixation is as 100 ppb. For TVB-N as 28-35mg/100g, an all-around acknowledged freshness restrict, the powerful alkali fixation is as 200-300 ppb. The ppb administration affectability of the sensor and the dampness control in the detecting framework are the keys to acknowledging quick and precise location.

It is normal that outcomes in this report empower the improvement of on location freshness discovery and genuine - time checking in a fish manufacturing plant. For TVB-N as 28– 35 mg/100 g, a very much acknowledged freshness restrict, the viable smelling salts fixation is as 200– 300 ppb. The ppb-administration affectability of the sensor and the stickiness control in the detecting framework are the keys to acknowledging quick and precise identification. On the off chance that the focus surpasses past the cut off, freshness can't be resolved.

D. Using Torrymeter Measurements

Torrymeter is an instrument for assessing freshness of meat. The evaluations depend on changes in the dielectric properties of the meat as it ages. Changes in the dielectric properties of ice-store gilthead sea bream were settled using the GR Torrymeter.

A singular estimation was obtained on each angle by applying the trial of the meter above and parallel to sidelong line, just behind the fire cook cover. The anodes were cleaned amidst estimations to remove scales and overflow and any leftover ice was cleared from the evaluating surface. Instrument readings were scrutinized on cutting edge appear. Fat present in angle affects

Torrymeter esteems bringing about factor esteems got. Loss of skin or muscle harm may likewise bring about quickened waste. In the event that the freshness of individual fish inside a clump is estimated with the meter, it will be found to differ. This fish-to-angle variety in meter readings is caused by two components:-

1) Variety in inherent freshness among singular fish.

2) Variety of meter readings among fish of a similar freshness.

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E. Microbiological Analysis

Microbiological Exploration is a academic journal in microbiology, distributed by Elsevier. One substance test was taken from the antiriot-dorsal locale of every one of three fish tests. Before examining the skin was flushed with 70% ethanol and expelled aseptically. Around 20g of the flesh were tested deep down utilizing sterile surgical tools and forceps. Ten times weakening in 0.1% peptone water were set up from the substance tests and 1 ml aliquots were plated in copy in Press Agar. Add up to practical checks and particular tallies of hydrogen sulphide creating microorganisms were counted following 3 days incubation in 20 degree Celsius. Dark settlements were recorded as sulphide - makers.

Here are three of common and impactful restrictions of the Microbiological investigation.

1) Time Required: The customary technique requires time for microorganisms to develop and increase enough to be seen by the human eye. Once the provinces are unmistakable, ever plate should be tallied and recorded. Very significant prepared microbiologist time is squandered investigating several plates - huge numbers of which may have no tainting. Utilizing the Development DirectTM Framework decreases the aggregate test time by around half. Since the framework peruses the plates like clockwork, it can recognize pollution beginning in hours. Likewise, the framework naturally handles the many plates perusing, recording and detailing comes about consequently, sparing profitable microbiologist time.

2) Constrained Precision: Testing exactness is enter in the high-chance, exceptionally directed pharmaceutical industry, and manual settlement checking considers an extraordinary level of human blunder. States must develop to a large number of cells before they can be identified by the exposed eye, and even the very much prepared and experienced specialists can miscalculate. When managing strict determinations for satisfactory levels of development, this level of mistake can without much of a stretch prompt both superfluous OOS examinations and undetected pollution.

3) Transfer Errors: A few tests require serial brooding, where tests are exchanged starting with one hatchery then onto the next at an alternate temperature at a particular time. RMM innovations, for example, The Development DirectTM Framework mechanize this procedure. The manual strategy requires extra human intercession, while each time an expert exchanges an example, there is potential for a blunder, which may bring about an out-of-particular occasion.

V. COMPARATIVE STUDY

Table 2 Existing Methodologies for Fish Freshment

VI. CONCLUSIONS

So, on the relative investigations of various existing frameworks and thinking about their restrictions, we presume that Utilizing Unpredictable amine gas with a ultrasonic permeable terminal topped natural gas sensor framework is a best strategy for the assurance of the freshness of the fish. This is a quick strategy to decide the fish freshness by utilizing a detecting framework containing a ultrasensitive amine gas sensor to identify the unpredictable amine gas from the crude fish meat. At the point when

Parameters Methods

Process time Required

Equipment’s and chemicals

Overall Cost

Accuracy

E-Nose Few minutes Device that contains electronic sensors and a neural network

High High Quality

Index Method

Few Minutes

-

Low Low

Volatile amine gas 60 seconds approx. sensing system containing an ultrasensitive amine gas sensor

High High Torrymeter

measurements

Few minutes Instrument with digital display High Low Microbiological analysis 3-4 days Ethanol, Sterile , scalpels and

forceps, peptone water, aliquots and Iron Agar

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customarily titration strategy finds a way to test the total volatile basics nitrogen (TVB-N) as an overall standard for freshness, this sensor takes 1 moment to convey an electrical detecting reaction that is exceptionally associated with the TVB-N esteem.

Figure 3. Fish freshness by using Volatile amine gas with an ultrasonic porous electrode capped organic gas sensor system.

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Ocean Univ., Dalian, China ;Xiaoxue Wu Coll. of Inf. Eng., Dalian Ocean Univ., Dalian, China. Published in Computational Intelligence and Design (ISCID),09 April 2015 Seventh International Symposium.

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variations[J]", Journal of Texture Studies, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 274-287, 2016

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physical and sensory methods. Food Chem. 2015; 72: 33-40

[5] H. Guohua, W. Lyve, M. Yanhong, and Z. Lingixa, Study of grass carp (Chenopharyngood idellus) quality predictive model based on electronic nose,

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, vol. 166-167, pp. 301-308, May 2016

[6] One-Minute Fish Freshness Evaluation by Testing the Volatile Amine Gas with an Ultrasensitive Porous-Electrode-Capped Organic Gas Sensor

System,Liang-Yu Chang, Ming-Yen Chuang, Hsiao-Wen Zan, Hsin-Fei Meng, Chia-Jung Lu, Ping-Hung Yeh, and Jian-Nan ChenACS Sensors 2017 2 (4), 531-539 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.6b00829 Published online 11 April 2017 Published in print 28 April 2017

[7] SamanehMatindoust, MajidBaghaei-Nejad, Mohammad HadiShahrokh Abadi, ZhuoZou, Li-RongZheng, (2016) "Food quality and safety monitoring using

gas sensor array in intelligent packaging", Sensor Review, Vol. 36 Issue: 2, pp.169-183, Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing Limited,20 October 2015

[8] Recent Advances in Methods and Techniques for Freshness Quality Determination and Evaluation of Fish and Fish Fillets: A Review-Jun-Hu

Cheng,Da-Wen Sun,Xin-An Zeng &Dan Liu. Published on 02 Jul 2013

[9] Microdevice for On-Site Fish Freshness Checking Based on K-Value Measurement , Daisuke Itoh, Eri Koyachi, Masatoshi Yokokawa, Yuko Murata,

Masakazu Murata, and Hiroaki Suzuki, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573 Japan National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648 Japan ,October 21, 201

[10] Quality evaluation of fish and other seafood by traditional and nondestructive instrumental methods: Advantages and limitations- Abdo Hassoun

&Romdhane Karoui. Published on 20 Jul 2015.

[11] Fish freshness testing with Artificial Neural Networks Ayten Atasoy; Umit Ozsandikcioglu; Selda Guney 2015 9th International Conference on Electrical

and Electronics Engineering (ELECO),201

[12] A CMOS Fish Spoilage Detector for IoT Applications of Fish Markets,Cheng-Ta Chiang; Yen-Kuei Lu; Lian-Teng Lin IEEE Sensors Journal, 201

[13] Fast assessment of freshness of white shrimp via a modified unsupervised discriminant projection technique Peiyi Zhu; Jie Du; Chensheng Chen; Xiaoyun

Gu 2015 International Conference on Control, Automation and Information Sciences (ICCAIS), 2015