A Combinatorial Approximation Algorithm for the
Multicommodity Flow Problem
David Coudert, Herv´
e Rivano, Xavier Roche
To cite this version:
David Coudert, Herv´
e Rivano, Xavier Roche. A Combinatorial Approximation Algorithm for
the Multicommodity Flow Problem. International Workshop on Approximation and Online
Algorithms (WAOA’03), 2003, Budapest, Hungary. Springer, 2909, pp.193-230, 2003,
Lec-ture Notes in Computer Science; Approximation and Online Algorithms.
<
10.1007/b95598
>
.
<
inria-00429176
>
HAL Id: inria-00429176
https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00429176
Submitted on 1 Nov 2009
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