10 Diminished Patterns for Jazz Improvisation | Jazzadvice

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10 DIMINISHED

PATTERNS THAT WILL

TRANSFOR

M YOUR NEX

T

JAZZ SOL

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…

APRIL 8, 2016

APRIL 8, 2016 BY ERICBY ERIC 9 MINUTE READ9 MINUTE READ

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10 Diminished Patterns That Will Transform Yo... 10 Diminished Patterns That Will Transform Yo...

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John Coltrane to Michael Brecker and beyond – have

used to add harmonic complexity and melodic interest to

their solos.

And it’s one that you can use in your solos as well…if you have the know-how. You see, the premise of a diminished chord or pattern is simple, but when you

start applying this sound to your solos, the details can get complex very quickly. And this is exactly what we’re going to look at today…

STACKING MINOR THIRDS…

Before we start digging in to these diminished patterns, you need to start with an understanding the structure of the diminished chord.

And luckily it’s pretty straightforward, a fully diminished chord is simply a stack of minor 3rds…

Because the construction of these chords is symmetrical, there are only 3

diminished options: a stack of minor 3rds from C, from C#, and from D. That’s it – the pattern just repeats itself.

The most common way you’ll use this

sound in your solos is over

dominant

chords

. Applying this diminished structure

over a V7 sound is an easy way to access

the altered notes of a dominant chord in a

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logical way.

And again, since the construction of the structure is symmetrical you can apply this sound to any dominant chord built from the related chord tones: (C7, Eb7, F#7, A7)

Whichever V7 chord you choose to apply it to, you’ll always highlight the root, #9, #11, and 13 of that dominant chord. For example, if you play that F# fully diminished over a C7…

…you’ll get the #11, 13, root and #9.

Start by being able to visualize this structure from any starting note, (remember there are only 3 options). Keep in mind that every example that we’ll show

below is built oﬀ _{of this basic structure}

But wait…why not just think of a diminished scale??

Because a scale is just one option for accessing a diminished sound in your

solos. And thinking of only one scale can put you in a box. However, by thinking of the diminished chord structure as a whole, you open up many other

possibilities (that can include scales and much more).

And this will become apparent when you study at the examples below…

We’ve searched through scores of famous solos – from Coltrane to Brecker, Herbie Hancock and beyond – to find useful examples of the diminished sound that you can use in your own solos.

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Let’s take a look at the 10 diminished patterns that will transform your solos…

I. JOHN COLTRANE AND THE

DIMINISHED PATTERN

John Coltrane is known for his in-depth study of scales and musical

relationships. From Giant Steps to his late quartet, he was constantly searching for new ways to navigate the familiar harmonies and progressions of the jazz repertoire.

And one of these avenues was the minor third relationship of the diminished sound…

Probably the most well known diminished pattern comes from his solo on Moment’s Notice. Over a Bb pedal he plays the following line:

Two months af_{er recording the Blue Train session, Coltrane recorded a live} perfomance at Carnegie Hall with Thelonious Monk. In his solo over the tune Epistrophy you can hear the same diminished pattern in action:

00:00 00:00

Thelonious Monk and John Coltrane - Epistrophy

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At 1:46 in the video above he plays the following line:

In both solos, Coltrane is using the same diminished concept and this is the first diminished pattern for you to know:

Here he plays a whole-step below each diminished chord tone and alternates direction. Take away the whole-steps and you’re lef_{with the skeleton of the} diminished chord tones:

Here’s what you should practice…

Start by learning the pattern on one diminished structure (ex. C) Then apply this pattern to a dominant chord (ex. C7)

Next apply this pattern to related dominant chords (for C7: Eb7, F#7, and A7)

Practice pattern on all 3 diminished chords (C, C#, and D)

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II. BUILDING ON TRANE’S CONCEPT

…

One of the most notable players to follow in Trane’s footsteps was Michael Brecker. Throughout his many recordings you can hear the use of unique and sophisticated musical patterns.

And one device that he of_{en employed was the diminished pattern. Take a} listen to the opening of My One and Only Love:

At about 0:12 in the video Brecker plays the following line:

Michael Brecker-My One And Only Love

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This is a pattern that he of_{en used in his solos, check out his solo on Peep. Here} he takes the Coltrane pattern from above and substitutes a descending 4th into the mix, instead of the descending whole-step:

(You can also think of this as a descending 1st inversion triad, but we’ll get to that later …)

Another player to explore the possibilities of the diminished structure over

dominant sounds was the great Mulgrew Miller. Listen this line from his solo on You and the Night and the Music:

In this pattern, like Brecker, he also utilizes descending 4ths. Notice how he alternates the direction of the interval within the line and ends by shif_{ing the} pattern into a new key.

Start by practicing a descending 4th from each diminished chord tone:

Af_{er you ingrain this descending pattern in the 3 keys variations of the}

diminished structure, explore changing direction and alternating between keys as Mulgrew does in his line.

III. CREATING TRIADIC STRUCTURES

FROM THE DIMINISHED TONES

One concept that many players use to imply a diminished sound is to think of

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the diminished chord as four separate major triads…

Start with the diminished structure stacked in minor 3rds and build a major triad oﬀ of each note – like this:

To be successful with this approach however, you have to be able to

immediately think of each triad, so spend some time visualizing and ingraining the four triads for each diminished structure.

One player that utilizes this sound in his solos is Mulgrew Miller. Check out how he employs this major triad concept in his solo from Hand In Hand :

Over a Bb7 sound he is implying a Bb triad, a G triad, and an E triad. Note how he inverts the triads and connects them by half-step in a melodic way.

Michael Brecker also uses this triadic concept in his solos as well. Let’s take another look at his solo on My One and Only Love. :

In this line he’s implying a pattern of first inversion triads (C, A, F#, Eb) but leaving out the 5th – a minor 6th jump from 3rd to root. Start by practicing a pattern of first inversion triads on each diminished chord tones.

00:00 00:00

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The larger intervals he uses in the original line are a great way to create melodic interest and avoid sounding mechanical when using a pattern.

Another Brecker example comes from his solo on El Nino:

In this pattern he utilizes the diminished sound over a C7 chord that resolves to F-7. Let’s take a closer look at this line. Below you can see how he is using a

descending C triad, A triad, and so on:

He approaches each descending triad by a minor third – combining the minor 3rd relationship of the diminished chord with the concept of the related major triads.

Here’s how you can practice a triadic approach to the diminished sound: Visualize each diminished chord tone as a triad

Practice ascending and descending with each triad (start on root, 3rd, 5th)

Practice each triad in diﬀ erent inversions and directions Use an approach note to each triad

Practice connecting the triads and alternating between triads

IV. USING THE DIMINISHED SCALE

The most common way that many players access the diminished sound, and the one that you find in schools, is through a scale – namely the diminished scale:

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It’s an eight note or octatonic scale that alternates between half-steps and whole-steps. Some also refer to this as the double diminished scale because it can be conceptualized as alternating between two diminished arpeggios (C, Eb, F#, A and C#, E, G, Bb).

“…its complications make up its best

quality – the potential for giving your

solo an “outside” sound. Because this

scale breaks the boundaries, it can

create a lot of harmonic propulsion in

dominant contexts. Like a chromatic

scale, it’s ambiguous, but – unlike the

chromatic scale – it demands

resolution.” ~

Pat Metheney (from

Diminished Capacity)

Along with a triadic or chord tone approach to the diminished sound, many great players have also applied this scale to their solos. If we go back to the

earlier Coltrane line from Epistrophy, you’ll notice that he ends the line with this diminished scale:

Another notable improviser that used this scale in a melodic way is Herbie Hancock. Check out this line from his solo on There is no Greater Love and notice how he utilizes the diminished scale over a C7 chord:

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Now check out Herbie’s solo on Freedom Jazz Dance. Listen to the way he creatively uses the diminished scale to create melodies:

At 5:10 in the video you can hear Herbie play the following line:

Note how he doesn’t just use the scale note for note, but instead craf_{s melodic} lines that create rhythmic and harmonic interest. Here’s how to practice this:

Master the three variations of the diminished scale (C, C#, D) 00:00 00:00

Miles Davis - Freedom Jazz Dance

00:00 00:00

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Explore scale pattern exercises (use Herbie’s lines as a starting point) Apply this scale to V7 sounds in your solos

V. KENNY KIRKLAND AND THE

DIMINISHED SOUND

Another player to consistently use diminished patterns in creative ways was the great Kenny Kirkland.

Listen to this excerpt from his solo on the tune Black Nile:

In this line, Kirkland is using the inverse of the Coltrane pattern – moving a

whole step up from each diminished chord tone. You can also conceptualize this pattern as derived from the whole-half diminished scale:

However, the famous “Kenny Kirkland diminished line” is a little more

complex. Listen to this live clip of him playing at the Keystone Corner. At about 10 seconds in you can hear this diminished pattern:

00:00 00:00

Kenny Kirkland live at Keystone Corner

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Here’s another example of the same pattern that’s a bit slower over a minor ii-V7 on the tune Black Nile:

Here is the pattern extended…

Take a look at how he uses a combination of the diminished structure, the

diminished scale, and the first inversion triad. Take this line apart piece by piece and work it into your approach to dominant chords.

VI. CHICK COREA ON

SPAIN

Finally we’ll explore two ways that Chick Corea utilizes diminished patterns in his solos…

Let’s start by listening to his solo on Spain. As you listen, keep your ears open for the way he utilizes diminished patterns over dominant sounds:

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At 5:34 in the video, Chick plays this line over the F#7 chord:

Here Chick is using the first inversion triads that we talked about earlier, emphasizing them with a chromatic approach note.

Later on in his solo, he plays the following line over an F#7 sus chord:

Chick Corea and Return to Forever - Spain

00:00 00:00

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There’s a lot going on in this line…but based on what we’ve covered so far you should be able to pick out some of the diminished concepts at work.

Start by breaking down the line into pieces and figure out what individual techniques Chick is using to access the diﬀ _{erent variations of the diminished} sound.

READY, SET, GO

So there you have it…

10 diminished patterns and a lifetime of work!

But remember…you don’t have to do everything at once. Start by visualizing and ingraining the minor third relationship of the diminished chord tones in every key (there are only 3).

Then pick one of the 10 diminished patterns and take it into the practice room for a week. Af_{er you feel confident with it, start applying it to the dominant} chords in your solos.

Keep in mind that these diminished patterns can sound contrived or out of place when played note for note or forced into a solo.

Aim to apply these patterns in a musical way. You don’t want to sound like a robot when you improvise. These diminished options, like any other jazz

language that you learn, are just more tools for you to create your sound.

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