1. "pencil in cup" deformities
proximal phalanx on radiograph in psoriatic arthritis
2. + anticentromere antibody
scleroderma
3. + Neer, + Hawkins, crepitus with ROM
impingement
4. + stork test and scottie dog collar on x-ray
spondylolysis
(spondylolisthesis is when vertebral body slips anteriorly or posteriorly)
5. 1st step in suspicious basal cell carcinoma
biopsy before excision
6. 3 features of normal pressure
hydrocephalus
dementia
gait disturbances (ataxia) urinary urgency
(Dx with MRI. Tx with ventricular shunt)
7. 3 MC causes of AOM s. pneumoniae
h. influenzae m. catarrhalis 8. 3 most common organisms of CAP strep. pneumoniae staph. aureus H. influenza 9. 4 components of Tetrology of fallot PROV Pulmonary stenosis RVH overriding aorta VSD
10.45,X Turners (gonadal dysgenesis)
11.75% of all breast cancers
Receptor positive (endocrine and Progesterone)-more likely to respond to hormone therapy
12.80% of arterial emboli originate where? risk factors?
Heart. Risk factors: local arterial trauma septic emboli endocarditis hypercoagulable state 13.80% of primary sclerosing cholangitis is assoc with? IBD, generally UC 14.90% of acute bronchitis is caused by?
viruses: rhinovirus, coronavirus, RSV
15.abdominal pain that improves with food
duodenal ulcer (gastric ulcer-pain worsens with food)
16.ABI indicative of PAD
<0.8
17.ABI of peripheral artery disease
<0.8
18.absent breath sounds, increased tactile fremitus and egophony
pneumonia
19.abx for chlamydia pneumonia
tetracycline ( if <18 use erythromycin)
20.abx for mycoplasma and legionella pneumonia
erythromycin
21.accentuated S1 with an opening snap following S2, heard best at the left sternal border and apex
mitral stenosis
22.Accumulation of blood in the pulmonary system
mitral insufficiency
23.acute painful glandular enlargement of the thyroid with dysphagia, low-grade fever, fatigue and malaise.
subacute thyroiditis
24.Acute steroid withdrawl Addisonian crisis 25.acute tx of cluster HA 100% O2 or IM sumatriptan 26.Acute tx of systolic/diastolic heart failure O2 BiPAP intubation diuresis Morphine Nitrates ACEI Evaluation of cause Dobutamine- first line pressor
27.ADR of methadone inhibits pituitary secretion
of FSH and LH --> decreased testosterone production --> decreased libido
28.ADRs of Niacin facial flushing
Increase in serum uric acid levels ( x gout patients) increase in gastric acid secretion ( x gerd patients) abnormal LFTs
29.Adult hemoglobin 2 alpha 2 beta chains 30.alcoholic with DOE, heart
failure
primary dilated CM
31.alcoholic with palpitations, arrhythmia
afib (holiday heart)
A PANCE REVIEW b
32.all unimmunized contacts of epiglottitis should be given prophylaxis with?
rifampin
33.anemia with neurological signs- loss of position and vibratory sense
pernicious anemia
34.anemia with splenomegaly and hepatomegaly
hemolytic anemia
35.another name for Pagets disease of the bone
osteitis deformans
36.anterior nose bleed Kiesselbachs plexus 37.anti endomysial IgA
antibodies
Celiac sprue
38.anti hepatitis B antibodies Viral hepatitis B
39.anti mitochondrial antibodies primary billiary cirrhosis 40.anti neutrophil cytoplasmic
antibodies
Ulcerative colitis
41.anti nuclear antibodies SLE, RA, scleroderma
and Sjogrens
42.anti saccromyces cervesias antibody
Crohns disease
43.anti smooth antibodies autoimmune hepatitis 44.anti-cholinergic med that
blocks vagus nerve mediated bronchospasm
ipratropium
45.anti-mitochondrial antibodies primary billiary cirrhosis 46.antibodies found in
drug-induced SLE
positive antihistone antibodies
47.antibodies of SLE anti-Sm
anti-dsDNA
48.antibody specific for RA Anti-cyclin-citrullinated
peptide antibodies
49.antigenic shift vs drift shift: major mutation
drift: minor mutation
50.Aortic dissection dx method CT or transesophageal
echo
51.apical infiltrates on CXR TB
52.apical lift= LVH- associated with
diastolic heart failure
53.ARDS on CXR diffuse white out
appearance bilaterally
54.Argument or physical exercise that causes VTACH/Toursades de pointes
Long QT sydrome (activation of the sympathetic nervous system)
55.Asian men, syncope + vfib + sudden death
Brugada syndrome
56.Aspiration bacterial pneumonia
Klebsiella
57.aspiration will most likely end up where
RML or RLL
58.asymmetric arthritis that involves large joints below the waist (knee and ankle), mucocutaneous lesions (balanitis, stomatitis), urethritis and conjunctivitis
Reactive arthritis
59.atopic triad consists of: wheeze
eczema
seasonal rhinitis
60.atypical bacterial pneumonia *present with
interstitial infiltrates Legionella
Mycoplasma/chlamydia
61.Atypical leukocytes Infection mono-EBV 62.autoimmune destruction of the
salivary and lacrimal glands
Sjogrens
63.autosomal recessive inability to metabolize the protein
phenylalanine
phenylketonuria
64.avascular necrosis of the hip in children
Legg-Calve Perthes
65.avulsion fracture of spinous process of C-6 or C-7
Clay shovelers fx
66.bacterial causes of acute bronchitis included
strep pneumonia h. influenza moraxella
67.Bankarts lesion tear of the anterior
glenoid labrum
68.Barts hemoglobin or hydrops fetalis
4 gamma chains
69.Becks triad Pericardial tamponade
Distant heart sounds Distended neck veins Decreased arterial pressure
70.benign bone tumor that presents with a dull, aching pain that is relieved with NSAIDS
osteoid osteoma- most commonly in the proximal femur.
71.benign tumor usually found in the small tubular bones of the hand and feet
enchondromas- usually asymptomatic
72.best line tx for endometriosis OCPs 73.Best med for heart failure and
LVH
74.best practice for community acquired pneumonia
start a macrolide abx or doxycycline
75.best radiographic position for SCFE
frog-leg lateral pelvis
76.best way to measure bone density DEXA scan
77.bifid pulse hypertrophic
cardiomyopathy
78.binocular fixation not present strabismus 79.bisferiens (bifid) pulse HOCM, aortic
regurgitation
80.black female in her 30's with bilateral hilar adenopathy
sarcoidosis
81.Bleeding into joint spaces hemophilia 82.blood and thunder retina (dilated
veins, hemorrhages, edema and exudates.
central retinal vein occlusion
83.blood of a bleeding ulcer typically manifests as
melena
84.blood pressure abnormality noted in severe asthma
pulsus paradoxus
85.blood supply of the scaphoid bone radial artery 86.bloody, pus-filled diarrhea with
tenesmus
UC
87.blue vision PDE5/Viagra
88.BNP levels in CHF >500
89.bone cancer that begins in spine or pelvis of kids, often after radiation or chemo for a different disease
Ewing's sarcoma
90.bone conduction greater than air conduction
conductive hearing loss
91.bone tumor arising in the diaphysis of long bones
ewings sarcoma
92.bone tumor arising in the metaphysis of long bones
oesteosarcoma (distal femur, proximal tibia, proximal humerus)
93.Bouchards nodes PIP
94.bowel atresia in the newborn most often occurs where?
ileum
95.bowel sounds are heard in the chest
diaphragmatic hernia (can compress the lung and displace the heart)
96. BP tx in pheochromocytoma alpha blockers to
control HTN BBlockers to control tachy (never give first) (surgery is 1st line tx- give Ablockers preop)
97. brain MRI of huntingtons pt shows? cerebral atrophy 98. Break in the cortex of one side of the
shaft without the break in the other side of the cortex
Greenstick fx
99. breast cancer most likely assoc with BRAC1 gene
triple neg
100.bronchial breath sounds consolidation
101.buckle fracture torus fx
102.bullae enlargement of
airspaces in Emphysema
103.BUN:CR ration >20:1 prerenal azotemia
104.CA 19-9 pancreatic cancer
105.CA-125 ovarian cancer
106.calcified primary focus Ghon complex 107.calcified primary focus and calcified
hilar lymph node
ranke complex
108.can be helpful in both acute paroxysms of atrial flutter and chronic management?
diltiazem and verapamil
109.Canon A waves tricuspid
stenosis, pulmonary htn, complete heart block
110.Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor ADR hyperchloremic
metabolic acidosis neuropathy ammonia toxicity sulfa allergy
111.cardiomyopathy assoc with systolic heart failure
Dilated
112.cardiomyopathy found in postmenopausal women often occurring after a major release of catecholamines
Takotsubo
114.causative agents of orbital cellulitis
Strep pneumoniae Staph aureus (MRSA) H. influenza gram-neg bacteria 115.causative organisms of otitis externa pseudomonas enterobacteriaceae proteus 116.cause of infectious endocarditis
staph. aureus (IDVA)
117.cause of orthostatic hypotension in pheochromocytoma increase catecholamines in circulation=decreased circulating plasma 118.cause of subacute endocarditis strep. viridans
119.causes backflow and volume overload of the left atrium
mitral insufficiency
120.causes of ARDS sepsis
trauma
massive transfusion overdose
pancreatitis near drowning
121.causes of bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome hypothyroidism DM RA amyloidosis acromegaly
122.causes of central diabetes insipidus
tumor
ischemia (sheehans syndrome)
traumatic cerebral injury infection
autoimmune disorders
123.causes of central vertigo brain stem vascular disease
a-v malformations tumors of brain stem, cerebellum
multiple sclerosis vertebrobasilar migraine syndrome
124.Causes of high output CHF Hyperthyroidism Anemia Pregnancy AV fistula beri beri Pagets disease
125.Causes of low output CHF Ischemic heart disease
HTN
dilated cardiomyopathy valvular and pericardial disease
126.causes of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
renal disease
drugs (lithium, demeclocycline)
127.causes of peripheral vertigo labryinthitis menieres dz positional vertigo vestibular neuronitis migrainous vertigo
obstructing anatomic abnormalities
128.causes of pulsus paradoxus pericardial tamponade constrictive pericarditis COPD 129.causes of Vit B12 defeciency pernicious anemia gastrectomy
malabsortption syndrome (age) Crohns
130.caution in prescribing
levothyroxine in pts with?
Chronic stable angina
131.cavitations on CXR infections-lung abscess, TB 132.central diabetes insipidus tx Desmopressin acetate 133.central vs nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
central-posterior pituitary fails to secrete ADH
Nephrogenic-kidneys fail to respond to circulating ADH
134.Central vs
Peripheral CN VII palsy
Central: dysarthria, dysphagia, dysphonia, weakness, forehead will wrinkle on affected side
Peripheral (Bells Palsy): forehead will NOT wrinkle on affected side, afferent taste of anterior 2/3 of tongue,
135.characteristics of nursemaids elbow
radial head slips anteriorly out of the annular ligament
136.Chemotherapy induced N/V tx?
Ondansetron (zofran)
137.chest wall moves in with inspiration and out with expiration
flail chest
138.child with knees pulled up
intussception or tetralogy of fallot
139.Chondrocalcinosis pseudogout 140.Chorea movements and dementia Huntingtons ds 141.chronic adrenocortical insufficiency Addison's disease
142.chronic hearing loss, tinnitus, dizziness/vertigo, N/V
Menieres disease
143.chronic thickening of the bile duct
primary sclerosing cholangitis
144.Chronic tx of diastolic heart failure
CCBs (Cardizem or verapamil)
145.Chronic tx of systolic heart failure decrease afterload (diuretics or ACEI/ARBS) increase contractility (digoxin) 146.chronic-progressive degenerative disease
characterized by loss of upper and lower motor neurons (asymmetric
weakness+fasiculations)
ALS
147.cinnamon like breath TB 148.circumlimbal injection,
steamy cornea, fixed mid-dilated pupil, and decreased visual acuity, N/V,
diaphoresis
angle-closure glaucoma
149.cirrhosis + hematemesis Esophageal varices 150.classic presentation of acute
pancreatitis
epigastric pain radiating to the back. Pain typically lessens when the patient leans forward or lies in the fetal position
151.classic tetrad of urethritis, conjunctivits, mucocutaneous lesion and aseptic arthritis? Etiology? Reactive Arthritis (Reiters syndrome). Etiology is a dysenteric infection (campylobacter) or STD
152.classic triad of chronic pancreatitis
pancreatic calcifications steatorrhea
diabetes mellitus
153.clinical features of acute mesenteric ischemia
sudden, intense abdominal pain out of proportion to exam findings.
154.clinical features of central vertigo slow onset vertical nystagmus no fixation accompanying motor, sensory or cerebellar deficits
155.Clinical features of CMI abdominal angina 10-30
mins after eating, which is relieved by squatting of lying down. 156.clinical features of peripheral vertigo sudden onset N/V tinnitus decreased hearing
horizontal nystagmus with rotary component-fast phased beats away from the diseased side
fixed inhibition
157.clinical features of polymyalgia rheumatica
stiffness being severe after rest and in the morning
musculoskeletal sx's are usually bilateral, proximal and symmetrical
158.clinical features of polymyositis
insidious, painless, proximal muscle weakness
dysphagia
skin rash (malar or heliotrope) polyarthralgias muscle atrophy 159.clinical features of Sjogrens xerostomia xerophthalmia or keratoconjunctivitis sicca
enlarged parotid glands
160.Clinical features of Type I osteoporosis
loss of estrogen in postmenopausal women and testosterone deficiency in men
161.Clinical features of Type II osteoporosis
older than 75 years with poor calcium absorption 162.clinical presentation of acute cholangitis Charcots triad
RUQ tenderness, jaundice, fever or Reynolds pentad: + altered mental status and hypotension (indicates sepsis)
163.clinical
presentation of pancreatic cancer
abdominal pain, jaundice and palpable gallbladder (courvosiers sign)- cancer of the pancreatic head
164.Coarctation of the aorta requires what for survival? How to keep it open? PDA
keep open with PGE1
165.Codmans triangle
periosteal new bone formation at the diaphyseal end of the lesion( triangular area of new subperiosteal bone that is created when a lesion, often a tumour, raises the periosteum away from the bone)
166.cold agglutinins are positive in what pneumonia mycoplasma
167.common ADR of CCBs peripheral edema due to
peripher vasodilation
168.common ADR of patient taking amiodarone
hypo or hyper thyroidism. Check TSH
169.common ankle sprain stretch of the anterior
talofibular ligament (ligamentous sprain)
170.common bile duct obstruction with ascending infection acute cholangitis 171.common cause of Cushings disease small-benign pituitary adenoma-excess secretion of ACTH by the pituitary
172.common cause of Cushings syndrome
exogenous steroid use
173.Common causes of cholelithiasis
Crohns(bilirubin)
Sickle Cell anemia (bilirubin) Roux en Y bariatric surgery-give prophylactic
ursodeoxycholic acid (UCDA)
174.common causes of hashimotos thyroiditis
excess dietary iodine supplementation head and neck radiation
175.common etiology of acute endoarditis
staph aureus
176.common etiology of subacute endocarditis
strep viridans
177.common joints spared in OA
MCP, ankle and elbow
178.common pathogen of viral meningitis enterovirus 179.common pathogens of bacterial conjunctivitis (rare pathogens?) Strep pneumoniae s. aureus H. aegyptious Moraxella
(chlamydia and n. gonorrhea)
180.common pathogens of epiglottitis
Group A strep Pneumococci staphylococci
H. influenza (more common in adults due to childhood vaccine)
181.common presentations of colon cancer
abdominal pain change in bowel habits occult bleeding (fatigue and weakness if chronic blood loss has led to anemia)
intestinal obstruction
182.common sites of involvement in OA
DIP, PIP, wrist, hip, knee and spine
183.complete fracture of both cortices
transverse fx
184.complication of
bleeding colonic polyps
IDA
185.complication of celiac disease
malabsorption of Vit D leading to osteoporosis
186.complication of gastrectomy
loss of intrinsic factor-pernicious anemia
187.complication of gastric bypass
Dumping syndrome-rapid shift of fluid from the vascular space into the bowel. May have
hypoglycemia 2 hours post-prandial 188.complication of Type I diabetes diabetic ketoacidosis 189.complications of Crohns disease FISTULAS abscesses aphthous ulcers renal stones 190.Complications of Sjogrens include
primary billiary cirrhosis Non-hodgkins lymphoma 191.compression of the optic chiasm by a pituitary adenoma bitemporal hemianopia 192.concentrated urine, hyponatremia SIADH 193.a congenital bicuspid aortic valve is likely to develop into?
severe aortic stenosis
194.congenital defect where the urethra meatus is located on the ventral side of the penis
hypospadias
195.congenital defect where the urethral meatus is located on the dorsal aspect of the penis
epispadias
196.congenital heart defect in children with Downs syndrome
atrioventricular canal defect
197.Conns syndrome unilateral adrenal adenoma 198.Constitutional sx of RA fever malaise fatigue pleural effusions/pericarditis vasculitis increase ESR
199.COPD PFT values Decreased FVC, increased TLC,
increased residual lung volume, incr ration, normal hgb, normal serum bicarbonate, increased CO2, respiratory acidosis
200.cough which persists for >5days w/o fever
acute bronchitis. 201.cough which persists for 3 months in 2 successive years chronic bronchitis 202.cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis Measles (rubeola) 203. crescendo-decrescendo holosystolic at LSB radiating to back Tetralogy of Fallot 204. Crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur heard best at 2nd IC space
congenital aortic stenosis
205.CREST calcinosis cutis
Raynauds Esophageal dysmotility Sclerodactyly Telangectasia 206.criteria used to dx infective endocarditis Dukes 207.cryptococcus pneumonia pts are at risk for developing what meningitis 208.cryptococcus pneumonia tx amphotericin B 209.CSF lab findings in bacterial meningitis appearance: cloudy WBCs: elevated (PMNs) Glucose: decreased (bacteria eat glucose)/ Protein:increased pressure: increased 210.CSF opening pressure in bacterial vs viral meningitis Bacterial: increased Viral: normal 211.CT chest of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
diffused patchy fibrosis with pleural based honeycombing
212.CT of epidural hematoma lens-shaped,
convex hyperdensity
213.Cushings disease psych sx's? irritability
agitation hypomania panic attacks
214.CXR finding of adenocarcinoma lung ca small
peripheral lesions 215.CXR finding of klebsiella/aspiration pneumonia Right upper lobe abscess
216.CXR finding of Large cell lung ca Large
peripheral lesions
217.CXR finding of small cell lung ca mediastinal
mass/lymph nodes or Coin lesion
218.CXR finding of squamous cell lung ca Central
bronchus solitary tumor
219.CXR of acute bronchiolitis can be
normal or air trapping peribronchial thickening
220.CXR of aortic valve disorders LAE and
ventricular hypertrophy
221.CXR of mitral valve disorders atrial
enlargement alone
222.CXR of mycoplasma or viral infections patchy diffuse
infiltrates
223.CXR of pneumococcal pneumonia lobar
consolidation 224.CXR of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia diffuse interstitial infiltrates
225.CXR: fibrocavitary apical disease, nodules, infiltrates, posterior and apical segments of the right upper lobe, apical-posterior segments of the left upper lobe, superior segments of the lower lobes.
Reactivation TB
226.CXR: homogeneous infiltrates, hilar/paratracheal lymph node enlargement, segmental atelectasis, cavitations with progressive disease
227.DASH diet low saturated fat,
cholesterol, and total fat increased fruits, vegetables
fat-free/low-fat milk increased fiber
228.DDAVP challenge test in central vs nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
central: decrease urine output and increase urine osmolarity nephrogenic: will not decrease urine output.
229.deadly complication of Graves thyroid storm 230.decreased active and passive
ROM
adhesive capsulitis
231.definition of chronic mesenteric ischemia (CMI)
blood supply is present but insufficient to meet the needs of the intestine
232.definition of preload volume of blood in
ventricle at end-diastole
233.Definitive dx for PCP pneumonia
Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid eval (PCR)
234.definitive dx of TB requires identification of
mycobacterium tuberculosis from cultures or by DNA/RNA amplification techniques
235.definitive tx for varicose veins <4mm compression sclerotherapy 236.definitive tx of chronic pancreatitis alcohol cessation
237.definitive tx of SCFE pinnin in situ 238.destruction of tear and salivary
glands
Sjogrens
239.development of high fever and resp. distress a few days after apparent improvement or fails to respond to usual tx of croup.
bacterial tracheitis
240.Diagnosis of sjorgrens schirmers test
salivary test +anti-Ro (SSA) and Anti-La (SSB) antibodies
241.diagnostic tool for dx of Crohns colonoscopy 242.diamond shaped murmur aortic stenosis 243.diaphyseal fracture of the
proximal ulna with
subluxation of the radial head
monteggia's fx
244.diaphyseal fracture of the radius with dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint.
Galeazzi's fx
245.diarrhea after picnic, mayonnaise
s. aureus
246.Diastolic dysfunction age >65
restrictive or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy renal disease HTN sustained PMI S4 CXR- pulmonary
congestion, normal heart size
LVH normal EF
247.Diastolic heart failure definition
decreased left ventricular compliance and
increased mean left atrial pressure
248.diastolic murmur heard best at apex without radiation
mitral stenosis
249.Diastolic murmurs Aortic and pulmonic
regurgitation Mitral and tricuspid stenosis
250.a diastolic rumbling murmur heard best at the left lower sternal margin and the xiphoid, augmented during inspiration.
tricuspid stenosis
251.dicrotic pulse- peak in systole and in diastole
found in dilated cardiomyopathy
252.Diff between Chronic Bronchitis and pulmonary fibrosis CB= hypercapnia (resp. acidosis) PF= hypocapnia (hyperventilation=resp. alkalosis)
253.diffiulty with both solids and liquids and is caused by injury or disease of the brainstem or cranial nerves
neurogenic dysphagia
254.diffuse patchy infiltrates viral/mycoplasma 255.diffuse vs limited scleroderma diffuse: affects the skin,
heart, lungs, GI tract and kidneys
limited: skin of the face, neck, distal elbows and knees, late in the disease causes pulmonary hypertension
256.diffuse/perihilar interstitial infiltrates pneumocystis 257.dinner or silver-fork deformity
Colles-fall on outstretched hand
258.direct inguinal hernia
passage of intestine through external ring at hesselbachs triangle, rarely enters the scrotum
259.dislocation of the tarsometatarsal joint complex Lisfranc fracture 260.doral displacement of the bone fragment Colles fracture
261.Dropped beat after PR lengthening
Type 1 second degree AV block (wenckebach)
262.drug induced hearing loss may be caused by streptomycin kanamycin neomycin ethacrynic acid chloramphenicol 263.drug of choice in rheumatic fever aspirin 264.Drug of choice in unilateral renal artery stenosis?
ACEI (contraindicated in bilateral RAS). monitor renal function 2x's a week for the first 3 weeks
265.drugs that cause SLE like symptoms
procainamide hydralazine isoniazid methyldopa quinidine chlorpromazine 266.drugs that exacerbate asthma BBlockers ACEI Aspirin NSAIDs
267.drugs that may cause macular degeneration
chloroquine phenothiazine
268.drusen deposits found in Bruchs membrane in
macular degeneration
269.duke criteria of colon cancer
Duke A- involves only the mucosa Duke B- penetration through the wall or involvement of regional lyphm nodes
Duke C- metastasis (lymph node positive)
Duke D- distant metastasis
270.dullness to percussion
effusion
271.dullness to percussion, decreased breath sounds
hemothorax
272.dupuytrens contracture in the feet? penis?
Ledderhose disease Peyronies disease
273.Dx and Tx of intussusception in children? Adults?
Childredn: barium enema is diagnostic and therapeutic. Adults: CT, surgery
274.Dx method of PE in pregnant patient
VQ scan
275.Dx of acute rheumatic fever 2 major criteria OR
1 major + 2 minor
276.Dx of Asthma FEV1/FVC <75%
277.Dx of gastrinoma fasting gastrin level >150
pg/mL
278.Dx of gonorrhea isolation of the organism
from the culture from the endocervix
279.Dx of HOCM valsalva increases murmur.
Squatting decreases murmur
280.dx of polymyositis muscle bx 281.dysfunction of what CN
results in facial muscle paralysis
7
282.dysfunction of what CN results in facial sensory loss and altered function of the temporalis and
masseter muscles
5
283.dysphagia for solid foods esophageal stenosis (slow
progression of solid food dysphagia is a good sign, rapid progression indicates malignancy)
284.dysphagia or intermittent chest pain that may or may not be associated with eating
diffuse esophageal spasm
285.earliest cardiac biomarker myoglobin
286.early sx of renal failure anorexia, fatigue and
weakness 287.ECG abnormalities of hypothyroidism low voltage bradycardia 288.ECG finding of hyperparathyroidism
short ST/QT interval and prolong QRS
(hypercalcemia)
289.ECG findings for hypercalcemia prolonged PR interval short QT interval bradyarrhythmias heart block asystole
290.ECG findings for hypocalcemia prolonged QT interval T-wave abnormalities 291.ECG findings of hyperkalemia
lengthened PR interval, narrow based peaked T waves,
widened QRS, flattened P waves.
292.ECG findings of LVH left axis deviation, high voltage
QRS in V5 & V6, deep S in V1 & V2, and prolonged QRS in left
percordial leads.
293.Echo of restrictive cardiomyopathy
shows rapid early filling
294.echocardiographic findings of cardiac tamponade
diastolic collapse of right ventricle diastolic collapse of right atrium dilated inferior vena cave with reduced emptying during inspiration
295.Effect of calcium ions on the myocardium?
positively inotropic
296.Effect of parathyroid hormone on bone
activates bone remodeling through direct action on osteoblast activity
297.effect of verapamil on the myocardium?
negatively inotropic and antiarrhythmic
298.Egg shell
calcifications (hilar lymph nodes may be calcified)
silicosis- from sandblasters
299.Eggshell pattern on CXR
silicosis (sandblasters)
300.Eisenmenger syndrome
right heart failure caused by pulmonary htn. (another name for cor pulmonale but due to
congenital heart defects)
301.EKG findings of hypothyroidism
Low voltage and bradycardia
302.elderly pts with bipolar also have?
dementia
303.Elevated, yellowish, fleshy conjunctival mass found on the sclera
pinguecula
304.elevation of distal clavicle with point tenderness (tenting of the skin)
AC joint separation
305.EMB side effects optic neuritis (red-green vision
loss) 306.Emergency contraception med Levonogestrel 307.emergency tx of esophageal varices High-volume fluid replacement & vasopressors
Endoscopic therapy and pharmacologic
vasoconstriction (octeotride)
308.enzyme sensitive and specific for pancreatitis
Lipase (generally at levels 3x or greater
309.eponyms assoc with psoriasis Auspitzs sign
Koebners phenomenon
310.erosion of interphalangeal joints, new bone formation, pencil-in-cup deformity
psoriatic arthritis
311.erythema multiforme Herpes (think
MULTInucleated giant cells)
312.esophageal atresia is commonly assoc with
tracheoesophageal fistulae
313.esophageal carcinoma dx endoscopy with bx 314.Esophageal varices tx? octeotride
315.etiologic agent in Guillian Barre diarrhea?
campylobacter
316.etiology of abx-assoc diarrhea c. diff.
317.Etiology of acute epiglottitis H. Influenza B 318.etiology of constrictive cardiomyopathy radiation(most common cause TB infections
319.Etiology of croup parainfluenza 320.Etiology of Dilated
cardiomyopathy
the wall of the heart have thinned and weakened Ischemia-CAD, cocaine, arrhythmia Viral-Hep C Toxins-Alcohol, chemotherapy Genetic-HOCM, Tako Tsubo Idiopathic
321.etiology of ectropion advanced age
trauma infection
palsy of the facial nerve
322.etiology of entropion scar tissue
spasm of obicularis occuli muscles 323.etiology of inflammatory diarrhea invasive organisms IBD
324.etiology of majority of otitis externa pseudomonas 325.etiology of pseudomembraneous colitis c. diff 326.Etiology of restrictive cardiomyopathy Infiltrative process: Amyloidosis Hemochromatosis Sarcoidosis Scleroderma Fibrosis Cancer 327.etiology of secretory diarrhea pancreatic insufficiency ingestion of bacterial toxins laxative use
328.etiology of Type 2 diabetes
impaired pancreatic B cell response to glucose
329.etiology of Type I diabetes
Pancreatic B cells fail to respond to stimuli and undergo autoimmune destruction- can lead to a catabolic state with ketosis.
330.etiology of viral conjunctivitis
adenovirus type 3, 8, or 19
331.Etoh withdrawl tx Librium 332.exacerbating HTN
factors
excessive alcohol intake cigarette smoking lack of exercise polycythemia NSAIDs
low potassium intake
333.exam of a patient with a lobar consolidation
decreased percussion, increased fremitus and breath sounds
334.exam of a patient with a pleural effusion
Decreased percussion, fremitus, and breath sounds
335.examples of exudates "leaky capillaries"
infection malignancy trauma 336.examples of transudates "intact capillaries" CHF renal/liver disease atelectasis 337.excess secretion of ACTH by the pituitary
Cushing's disease(major cause of cushing's syndrome) 338.excessive growth before closure of epiphysis Gigantism (Acromegaly-after closure of epiphysis) 339.excessive rotational force of the femur on the tibia meniscal injury 340.Exogenous corticosteroid use Cushings syndrome 341.expressive, nonfluent aphasia
brocas aphasia in the frontal lobe
342.extraintestinal complications of crohns cholecystitis/cholelithiasis uveitis arthritis erythema nodosum
343.Extreme vulvar itching, vaginal erythema, white cheese-like curd discharge that is malodorous candida vulvovaginitis 344.Exudative retinal lesions, seen in endocarditis Roth Spots
345.facial palsy, lesions of the external ear, vertigo, tinnitus and deafness caused by herpes zoster
ramsey hunt syndrome
346.fall directly on shoulder acromio-clavicular joint separation 347.fall on outstretched hand with hyperextension of the elbow
supracondylar humerus fracture
348.fall or impact on the tip of the shoulder
acromioclavicular separation
349.fall with palm closed or blow to back of hand
smith fx
350.Fat pad displacement fx of wrist and elbow 351.fat pad sign on xray distal humerus fx or elbow fx 352.Fatigue and pruritis primary billiary cirrhosis 353.feature of proliferative
diabetic retinopathy
neovascularization vitreous hemorrhage
354.features of a blow out fracture
inability to look up due to entrapment of the infraorbital nerve and the musculature. Double vision is common subcutaneous emphysema and exophthalmos are present
355.features of chronic adrenal insufficiency
deficiency in both glucocorticoid and mineralcorticoid
characterized by anorexia, nausea, weight loss, hypotension, and hyperpigmentation
356.features of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy venous dilation microaneurysms retinal hemorrhages retinal edema hard exudates
357.features of stroke involving the anterior circulation
aphasia apraxia hemiparesis hemisensory losses visual field defects
358.features of stroke involving the posterior circulation
coma drop attacks vertigo nausea vomiting ataxia
359.features of the thyroid in hashimotos
enlarged, firm, and finely nodular
360.fecal-oral transmission hepatits
A & E
361.female, midsystolic click, and late systolic murmur
MVP
362.Fetal hemoglobin 2 alpha 2 gamma 363.FEV1/FVC ratio <70% = obstructive pattern 364.FEV1/FVC ratio >70% = restrictive pattern 365.fever, pain, redness and a
fluctuant neck mass
suppurative thyroiditis
366.first line pressor in heart failure
dobutamine
367.First line therapy for mild ITP? second line?
steroids(dexamethasone or prednisone). 2nd line is IVIG
368.first line treatment in chronic glaucoma
prostaglandin analogs (Latanoprost)
369.first line tx for chronic angina
BBlockers
370.First line tx for Rotator cuff disorders? 2nd Line? 3rd Line?
1. Activity modification, NSAIDS, physical therapy. 2. Corticosteroid injections + PT.
3. surgery
371.First line tx in diastolic heart failure
CCB (verapamil or Cardizem)
372.first line tx of osteoporosis bisphosphonates
(alendronate, etc)
373.First line tx of prolactinoma
dopamine agonists (bromocriptine) -consider surgery if med treatment has failedm the patient wants to get pregnant, or visual field defects.
374.first step in dx of diverticulitis
AXR to r/o free air.
375.Fixed split S-2 ASD
376.flat brown spots with sharp borders on dorsum of hand
lentigines
377.flat-topped, shiny, violaceous papules with fine white lines on the surface
Lichen planus with Wickhams striae
378.folic acid antagonist CI in pregnancy
Bactrim
379.A fracture through growth plate and epiphysis, sparing metaphysis
Salter Harris Type III
380.A fracture through growth plate, epiphysis and metaphysis
Salter Harris Type IV
381.A fracture through the growth plate and the metaphysis, sparing the epiphysis
Salter Harris Type II
382.functional obstruction in the newborn
Hirschsprungs disease (congenital aganglionosis of the colon)
383.fungal pneumonia found in the soil cryptococcus 384.fungus in bird/bat droppings? Tx? histoplasmosis itraconazole
385.fx at the growth plate epiphyseal fracture
386.GP*** Gravida: # of pregnancies
Parity: Term, Preterm, Abortion, Living
387.Gardasil is effective against which HPV strains
6,11,16, 18
388.garden spade deformity (volar angulation)
smith fx
389.GI infection assoc with guillain-barre syndrome
campylobacter jejuni
390.goal BP for diabetics <130/80 391.goal LDL for diabetics <100
392.a goiter with a bruit Hyperthyroidism caused
by graves disease
393.Gold standard for dx of PE? More common standard for dx of PE?
Pulmonary angiogram Spiral CT
394.Gold standard for dx of pertussis
nasopharyngeal secretions
395.Gold standard of dx for cor pulmonale
right heart cath
396.Gold standard of dx of pulmonary HTN
right hearth cath
397.gold standard test for cushings low-dose
dexamethasone suppression test
398.golfers/baseball elbow medial epicondylitis 399.golfers/pitchers elbow Medial
epicondylitis-pain with resisted wrist flexion and pronation (MCL sprain)
400.Gowers maneuver Duchenne muscular
dystrophy
401.gradual loss of peripheral vision
glaucoma
402.gram negative, spiral shaped bacillus
H. pylori
403.gram/geimsa stain of bacterial conjunctivitis
PMN's and predominant organism
If chlamydia-no organisms will be seen If gonorrhea-gram neg diplococci
404.granulomatous inflammation of a Meibomian gland
chalazion
405.greasy, foul smelling, floating stools
Giardia
406.greenstick fracture <15 degrees? >15 degrees
1.cast for 4-6 weeks 2. ortho referral
407.Ground-glass appearance on CXR
asbestosis
408.hair loss after crash dieting, high fever, or significant illness (can be pulled out by gentle plugging)
telogen effuvium
409.head trauma pre-intubation seizure prevention
lidocaine
410.headache, dizziness, and generalized pruritis esp after showering? Tx?
polycythemia vera. Phlebotomy
411.Heart failure after URI myocarditis
412.Heartburn and new onset dysphagia
scleroderma (systemic sclerosis)
413.heberdens nodes DIP 414.hematemesis
indicates bleeding where?
proximal to the ligament of treitz
415.hematuria and hemoptysis Goodpasteures 416.Hematuria and proteinuria after an URI IgA nephropathy 417.hematuria, purpuric rash following strep infection HSP
418.Hemoglobin H 4 beta chains- nonfunctional 419.Hep D is seen only in conjunction with Hep B 420.hepatic vein thrombosis Budd-chiari syndrome
421.Heroin drug user + nephrotic syndrome
focal segmental glomerulonephritis
422.Hgb/Hct in chronic bronchitis vs emphysema
CB: increased due to chronic hypoxia Emphysema: Normal
423.HIDA vs ERCP in acute
cholecystitis
HIDA-can confirm the dx
ERCP- identifies the cause, location and extent of biliary obstruction
424.high pitched blowing diastolic murmur
aortic regurgitation
425.highest risk for HAP ICU mechanical ventilation 426.hilar and mediastinal abnormalities lung cancer 427.Hilar mass on CXR lung cancer
428.Hill-sach lesion cortical depression in the posterolateral
head of the humerus (caused by recurrent anterior shoulder dislocations)
429.hip flexed, internally rotated and adducted
430.histologic hallmark of TB
biopsy revealing caseating granulomas (necrotizing granulomas) 431.Holosystolic murmur VSD 432.holosystolic murmur, hight pitched and best heard at the apex in the LLD position, radiates to the axilla
Mitral regurgitation
433.how can you tell if acute pancreatitis is caused by alcohol
lipase is 2.5-3x's that of amylase
434.how does aortic stenosis cause exertional dyspnea
leads to LVH (apical lift, non-compliant stiff left ventricle-S4) --> leads to increased left atrial pressure that is transmitted back into the pulmonary capillaries. This is Diastolic HF
435.how does atresia present in newborns
excessive saliva and
choking/coughing with attempts to feed. inability to pass a NGT
436.how does measles rash present
maculopapular rash that begins at the hairline and behind the ears, spreads down the trunk and limbs to include the palms and soles.
437.how does RMSF rash present?
macules on the wrist and ankles and spreads to the extremities and trunk
438.how does the cataract look on fundoscopy
black on a red background
439.How is dx confirmed in celiac disease small bowel bx 440.how is myasthenia gravis diagnosis confirmed
marked clinical improvement is achieved by administering a short-acting anticholinesterase
(edrophonium) or serum assay for elevated levels of acetylcholine receptor antibodies
441.how should patients with retinal
detachment lay
supine, with the head turned to the side of the retinal detachment
442.how to confirm dx of achalasia esophageal manometry 443.how to differentiate croup from epiglttitis
PA film shows steeple sign (croup) Lateral neck film shows thumbprint sign
444.how to r/o fx in an AC joint separation
obtain load bearing xrays (hold weight in hand) 445.how to tx ophthalmopathy in hyperthyroid patients IV methylprednisolone or high-dose tapered prednisone
446.Howell-Jolly bodies splenectomy, asplenia 447.HTN & osteoporosis DOC Thiazide diuretic 448.HTN drug of choice for
blacks and elderly
thiazides
449.HTN drug of choice for whites and young
BB, ACEI, CCB
450.HTN drug of choice in pts with CAD
BB (add ACEI if there is left ventricular dysfunction, diabetes or dyslipidemia)
451.HTN with hypernatremia and hypokalemia
Primary Aldosteronism
452.Hyaline casts normal, strenous
excercise, febrile illness
453.hyperglycemia in the morning
somogyi effect (rebound hyperglycemia)
454.hyperinflation & flattening of the diaphragm emphysema 455.hypernatremia + dehydration Diabetes insipidus 456.hyperpigmentation, elevated plasma ACTH Addisons disease 457.hyperresonance to percussion, decreased breath sounds, tympany
pneumothorax
458.hypersegmented neutrophils are seen on peripheral blood smear
Vit B12 deficiency
459.hypertensive emergency >220/130 with evidence of
end organ damage
460.hypertensive ugency >220/125 461.hypertensive urgency tx labetolol 462.hyperthyroid tx that takes a
few weeks to kick in and are useful in preparing patients for surgery or radioactive iodine tx
methimazole and PTU
463.hypocalcemia caused by renal resistance to parathyroid hormone pseudohypoparathyroidism 464.hypoglycemia in alcoholic tx?
give thiamine before glucose to prevent
wernicke's encephalopathy
465.Hypokalemia, anorexia, nausea, fatigue, dizzines, and visual disturbances (yellow)?
466.hyponatremia and hyperkalemia acute adrenal insufficiency (addisons crisis) 467.hypoparathyroidism + cardiac and congenital facial anomalies
DiGeorges Syndrome
468.hyposplenism or splenectomy at risk for what type of
pneumonia
Strep pneumonia
469.ICU patient on mechanical ventilation pneumonia
pseudomonas
470.if patient is hypokalemic refractory to potassium administration, what other electrolyte should you look at?
magnesium-it is important in potassium uptake and maintenance
471.imaging for a shoulder dislocation or humeral head fracture
AP view and transthoracic Y view
472.imaging modaility of choice for Bronchiectasis? what does it reveal?
high res chest CT Dilated, tortuous airways
473.imaging of a scaphoid fracture AP
lateral scaphoid view
(if at first neg. repeat in 2-3 weeks)
474.impaired transmission of sound along the external canal
conductive hearing loss
475.impedes blood flow between the left atrium and ventricle
mitral stenosis
476.impedes ejection fraction of the left side of the heart
aortic stenosis
477.in a supracondylar humerus fracture what must you examine for
brachial artery injuries
478.in adults, when does intussusception most commonly occur
caused by a neoplasm
479.in an infant, right heart failure is manifested by
hepatomegaly
480.in children, when does intussusception most commonly occur
after a viral infection
481.in pertussis, which stage does the whooping cough occur
paroxysmal stage
482.in pts with diverticulosi, how can diverticulitis be
prevented?
high fiber diet and avoidance of
constipating/obstructing foods
483.in regards to varicose veins, what test can be performed to differentiate saphenofemoral valve incompetence from perforator vein incompetence
Brodie-Trendelengberg Test
484.In the absence of CAD, angina pectoris most frequently is associated with?
angina pectoris
485.inability to replace the foreskin paraphimosis 486.inability to retract the foreskin phimosis 487.incisional hernias are more
commonly assoc with ?
vertical incisions
488.increase in aldoserone secretion which results in retention of sodium and excretion of potassium.
primary aldosteronism
489.increase in JVP during inspiration
Kussmauls sign
490.increased intraocular pressure with optic nerve damage
glaucoma
491.Increased JVP, palpable venous pulse in liver.
Tricuspid insufficiency 492.increased neutrophils vs increased lymphocytes/monocytes bacteria: neutrophils Viral: lymphocytes/monocytes
493.increased risk of CAP cardiopulmonary
disease
sickle cell disease splenectomy liver disease
* booster shot every 6 years
494.indications for CABG DUST
Depressed ventricular function
Unable to perform PCI Stenosis of the Left main CA
Triple vessel disease
495.indirect inguinal hernia *most common
passage of intestine through the internal inguinal ring down the inguinal canal, may pass into the scrotum
496.infant with holosystolic murmur, difficulty feeding, dyspnea
VSD
497.inflammation of the enclosed sheath around a tendon
498.inflammation of the lacrimal duct? common offending organisms? dacryocystitis S. aureus B-hemolytic strep staph epidermidis candida 499.inflammation/infection of the glands of Moll or Zeis with pustular formation in those glands
External hordeola (adjacent to the edge of the palpebral margin) AKA "sty"
500.inflammation/infection of the meibomian gland with pustular formation in that gland
internal hordeola (deep from the palpebral margin)
501.inflammatory arthritis with skin involvement usually preceding joint disease by months to years
psoriatic athritis
502.inflammatory disease of striated muscle affecting the proximal limbs, neck, and pharynx
polymyositis
503.INH side effects hepatitis
peripheral neuropathy (add B6/pyridoxine)
504.initial diagnostic test for Cushings
24 hour urine free cortisol (>125 is dx)
505.initial dx test to check for tamponade
echo
506.initial method of identifying a PE
spiral CT
507.Initial treatment of acute angle closure glaucoma
IV acetazolamide (can add manitol for osmotic diuresis if IOP is severely elevated)
508.initial tx for thyroid storm BBlockers (propranolol) + hydrocortisone 509.initial tx of a blow-out fracture nasal decongestants icepack/cold compress antibiotics 510.initial tx of a prolactinoma A dopamine agonist: Bromocriptine (Parlodel) 511.initial tx of acute cholangitis abx (fluoroquinolone,
ampicillin and gentamycin +/-metronidazole)
fluid and electrolyte replacement analgesia
512.initial tx of angle-closure glaucoma
pilocarpine (miosis), carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
(acetazolamide), BBlockers (timolol), osmotic diuresis (mannitol)
513.Initial tx of CHF thiazide or loop diuretic + ACEI 514.initial tx of choice for
status epilepticus
lorazepam(ativan)
515.initial tx of gout NSAIDs (indomethacin) 516.inpatient tx of CAP provide coverage of strep.
pneumoniae and legionella with ceftriaxone or cefotaxime + azithromycin or a fluoroquinolone 517.intermittent asthma criteria Sx: <2days/wk without interference of daily activities Night Sx: <2nights/month Rescue use: <2days/wk FEV1>80% FEV1/FVC ratio: normal 518.Intermittent jaundice in the absence of hemolysis or underlying liver disease? Tx? Gilberts disease. Resolves spontaneously 519.intra-articular deposition of calcium pyrophosphate pseudogout 520.invagination of the proximal segment of the bowel into the portion just distal to it
intussusception
521.irreversible fibrosis and nodular
regeneration throughout the liver
cirrhosis 522.irritating factors of PUD NSAIDS smoking alcohol
523.jacksonian march simple partial seizure 524.A jeffersons fx is a
burst fracture of what vertebrae
C-1
525.jerking movements and dementia
Creutzfeldt-Jakob
526.Joint Fluid analysis of OA vs RA vs Septic OA: yellow, WBCs: 200-300, PMNs 25% RA: yellow, WBCs: 3,000-50,000, PMNs: 25-50% septic: yellow-green, WBCs >50,000, PMNs: 75%
527.joints affected in OA DIP (heberden nodes) and PIP
(Bouchards nodes)
528.joints usually spared in RA
DIP
530.Jones Major criteria carditis
erythema marginatum subcutaneous nodules chorea
polyarthritis
531.Jones Minor criteria fever
polyarthralgias
prolongation of PR interval ESR/CRP
532.K sparing diuretic ADR gynecomastia
hyperkalemia hirsutism
sexual dysfunction
533.Kanavels sign Flexor tenosynovitis 534.kanavels sign+ pain at base
of thumb
infectious De Quervains tenosynovitis
535.Kerley B lines perivascular or interstitial
edema
536.Keyser-Fleischer Disease (green rimming to the iris)?
Wilson's dz
537.lab finding assoc with chronic adrenal insufficiency
hyponatremia due to lack of aldosterone
538.Lab finding in Reactive arthritis(reiters syndrome)
HLA-B27
539.lab findings in Addison's disease
low cortisol
high ACTH (low levels of ACTH indicate secondary disease)
serum DHEA levels <1000
540.Lab studies in diffuse vs limited scleroderma
diffuse: ANA is present limited: anticentromere antibody
541.lab test for adrenal insufficiency
cosyntropin (ACTH) stimulation test
542.lab test for growth hormone defeciency
glucagon storage test
543.labs for pagets disease increased alk phosphatase,
normal calcium and phosphate
544.Labs of Reyes syndrome Elevated ammonia levels,
LFTS, hypoglycemia, prolonged PT.
545.Lambert Eaton myasthenic syndrome is often precedes what
small cell lung cancer
546.late sx of renal failure oliguria, dyspnea, chest
pain, N/V, and abdominal pain.
547.lateral skull fracture with tear in middle meningeal artery
epidural hematoma
548.lateralization to the affected ear on the Weber test
conductive hearing loss
549.LE pain after long periods of standing Varicose veins 550.leading cause of blindness in adults in
the US
diabetic retinopathy (annual eye exams)
551.leading cause of irreversible central vision loss
macular degeneration
552.leading cause of nontraumatic monoarthritis
reactive arthritis
553.least aggressive form of thyroid cancer?
most aggressive?
papillary anaplastic
554.left pleural effusion think exudate
555.leg externally rotated and shortened hip fracture
556.Leriche's Syndrome erectile
dysfunction occurs with iliac artery stenosis
557.lesion at the optic chiasm will result in?
bitemporal heteronymous hemianopsia
558.lesion of right optic tract posterior to optic chiasm will result in?
left
homonymous hemianopsia
559.lesion on right optic nerve anterior to optic chiasm will result in?
total blindness of right eye
560.Leukemia that presents with drenching night sweats,
hepatosplenomegaly, basophils and eosinophils on peripheral smear
CML
561.Leukemia that presents with lymphadenopathy,
hepatosplenomegaly and isolated lymphocytosis?
CLL
562.Leukemia with Auer rods or enzymes such as peroxidase
AML
(peroxidase is a myeloid enzyme)
563.leukemia with pancytopenia with circulating blasts
ALL
564.leukemia/lymphoma pneumonia fungus 565.Likely to get pneumothorax tall thin males
CF COPD trauma
566.linear atelectasis (tram track lines), dilated and thickened airways (plate like atelectasis)
Bronchiectasis
567.lobar consolidation pneumococcal
568.location and metastasis of small cell lung cancer originate in the central bronchi and mets to regional lymph nodes
569.location of adenocarcinoma periphery of the
lungs, arises from mucous glands
570.location of squamous cell bronchogenic carcinoma
bronchial in origin/centrally located
571.locations of cancer of the esophagus assoc with Barrett's
adenocarcinoma: distal third squamous cell: proximal two-thirds
572.Loop diuretics ADR ototoxicity
hypokalemia hypocalcemia dehydration gout
573.loss of normal skin folds scleroderma 574.loss of shoulder contour, with the
elbow pointing outward
anterior
dislocation (most common)
575.low pitched diastolic rumble best heard in the apex
mitral stenosis
576.low serum haptoglobin hemolysis
577.a low-pitched, blowing decrescendo diastolic murmur heard best at the third left intercostal space along the left sternal border.
aortic regurgitation
578.lung abscesses caused by aspiration develop from what organisms
anerobes (fusobacterium)
579.lung cancer that causes gynecomastia
large cell (due to elevated B-HCG)
580.lung cancer with gynecomastia large cell 581.lung cancer with hypercalcemia squamous cell 582.lung cancer with hypercalemia squamous cell 583.lung cancer with thrombophlebitis adenocarcinoma 584.lung cancer with thrombphlebitis adenocarcinoma
585.LVH on ECG deep S waves in V1 & V2
tall R waves in V5 & V6
586.machinery murmur PDA
587.main tx of PAD Cilostazol (pletal) 588.maintenance therapy of
gout for overproduces of uric acid
allopurinol
589.maintenance therapy of gout for underproducers of uric acid
probenecid
590.maintenance tx of Crohns Mesalamine 591.major cause of
endogenous cushings syndrome
cushings disease
592.Major criteria for acute rheumatic fever Carditis migratory polyarthritis subcutaneous nodules (aschoff bodies) Erythema marginatum Chorea 593.malodorous, grayish, nonadherent discharge, amine fishy odor after KOH. dx and tx?
Bacterial vaginosis. tx with oral metronidazole or clindamycin cream
594.manifestations of cluster HA
unilateral(ipsilateral) meiosis, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, conjunctival erythema and lacrimation
595.Maternal triple screen test (Kettering or Barts test)
Measures AFP, estriol, beta HCG
596.MC cause of dilated cardiomyopathy
HTN (& ischemia)
597.MC shoulder dislocation? what deformities are seen?
Anterior
Hill Sachs-dent in the humeral head
Bankart- glenoid labrum is avulsed
598.Mechanism of action of calcitonin
suppresses osteoclast activity by direct action on the osteoclast calcium receptor
599.Mechanism of action of calcitriol
It is a form of Vit D. Regulates calcium absorption from the GI tract
600.Mechanism of actions of Bisphophonates
inhibition of bone resorption by impairment of osteoclast function
601.medications that can cause cataracts
corticosteroids lovastatin
602.Meds CI in systolic heart failure
diltiazem verapamil
603.metabolic syndrome 3 or more of the following: abdominal obesity TG's >150 HDL <40 men <50 women fasting glucose >110 HTN 604.Method to evaluate abnormal uterine bleeding D&C 605.microcytic, hyphochromic IDA
606.mid-systolic click and late apical systolic murmur
mitral valve prolapse
607.Middle cerebral artery occlusion results in?
homonymous hemianopia
608.Minor criteria for acute rheumatic fever
arthralgia fever
Elevated ESR/CRP
Prolonged PR interval on EKG
609.mitral stenosis is highly associated with what arrhythmia?
a-fib
610.MOA of acarbose (a-glucosidase inhibitors)
reduce glucose by delaying glucose absorption
611.MOA of alpha blockers in BPH
relaxation of smooth muscles of the bladder and neck of the prostate
612.MOA of cromolyn sodium
Mast cell stabilizer. Effective when administered 10-15 min before known asthmatic trigger.
613.MOA of glipizide (sulfonylureas)
increased insulin secretion
614.MOA of metformin (biguanides)
lowers glucose by decreasing hepatic glucose production and increasing glucose utilization
615.MOA of pioglitazone (thiazolidinedione)
decreases insulin resistance and increases glucose utilization
616.MOA of thrombolytic agents
activate plasminogen to plasmin to dissolve clot
617.most common area for cystic bone lesions in hyperparathyroid
Jaw
618.most common area of Crohns disease
terminal ileum and right colon (rectum is spared)
619.most common associated disease of Sjogrens
RA
620.most common atypical pneumonia
mycoplasma
621.most common benign bone tumor
osteochondroma
622.Most common cause of acute arterial occlusion in the upper extremities in adults <40y. Brachial plexus, subclavian artery or subclavian vein become
compressed.
Thoracic outlet syndrome
623.most common cause of acute bacterial diarrhea
campylobacter
624.most common cause of acute mitral regurgitation in the US
CAD
625.most common cause of acute pancreatitis
cholelithiasis and alcohol abuse (hyperlipidemia, trauma, drugs, hypercalcemia/hyperparathyroidism, and penetrating PUD may also cause acute pancreatitis)
626.most common cause of Addison's disease
autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex
627.most common cause of bronchiectasis in children
Cystic fibrosis
628.most common cause of cardiac-related death and disability
atherosclerotic heart disease
629.most common cause of cor pulmonale
COPD
630.most common cause of diastolic heart failure
HTN
631.most common cause of dilated
cardiomyopathy
HTN
632.Most common cause of endocarditis in pts with prosthetic heart valves
s. epidermidis
633.most common cause of
hyperparathyroidism
parathyroid adenoma
634.most common cause of hyperthyroidism
Graves disease
635.most common cause of hypothyroidism
hashimotos thyroiditis (autoimmune thyroiditis)
636.most common cause of non-hemorrhagic GI bleeds
PUD
637.Most common cause of osteomyelitis
staph aureus
638.most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage
uterine atony
639.most common cause of PUD H. pylori 640.most common cause of
reactive arthritis
chlamydia
641.most common cause of ST-elevation MI
acute rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque
642.most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage?
ruptured saccular (berry) aneurysm-nontraumatic
643.most common cyanotic congestive heart lesion in the newborn
Transposition of the great vessels
644.most common dislocated joint
glenohumeral joint (anterior-subcoracoid most common)
645.most common etiology of tricuspid stenosis
rheumatic fever
646.most common extra-pulmonary location of TB
spine
647.Most common finding on ECG in pulmonary embolus
Sinus tachycardia (S1Q3T3 are rarely seen except in massive emboli)
648.most common form of thyroid cancer
papillary
649.most common fracture of the c-spine
hangmans fx (C-2)
650.most common fracture with an ankle sprain
lateral malleolus
651.most common functioning pituitary tumor
Prolactinoma
652.most common fx in children and adolescents
collar bone
653.Most common herditary hyperbilirubinemia
Gilberts syndrome
654.most common in elderly with mild diabtes. lethargy, confusion, >300mOsm
non-ketotic hyperglycemia or hyperosmolar coma
655.most common inherited cause of unconjugated hyperbillirubinemia
Gilberts disease
656.most common interstitial lung disease
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
657.most common joints involved in pseudogout
knee wrist elbow
658.most common ocular disorder of MS optic neuritis 659.most common opportunistic infection in HIV PJP
660.Most common organism in septic arthritis? Tx?
Staph Aureus. Dicloxacillin
661.most common organism of bacterial septic arthritis
s. aureus
662.most common organisms of otitis media
strep. pneumoniae H. inlfuenza Moraxella cat
663.most common overuse injury of the elbow
lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow)
664.most common pathogen of acute cholangitis
E. coli
665.most common presenting sign signs of primary sclerosing cholangitis
jaundice and pruritis
666.most common primary benign bone tumor of the hand
enchondroma (cartilaginous tumor)
667.most common primary malignant bone tumor? presentation?
osteosarcoma. pain and a mass in the distal femur or proximal tibia.
668.most common reason for intraoperative MI?
hypotension
669.most common salter harris fx
Type 2 (metaphysis and physis)
670.most common secondary cause of
hyperparathyroidism
phosphate retention in chronic kidney disease-leads to renal osteodystrophy
671.most common site for a talus fracture
neck-risk of osteonecrosis
672.most common site of aortic dissection
infra-renal
673.most common site of prostate cancer
peripheral zone
674.most common site of scoliosis
1. right thoracic curves at T7 or T8
2. double major (right thoracic & left lumbar)
675.most common spinal cord tumor
ependymoma
676.most common symptom of scleroderma
