Australian Standard
GRAPHICAL SYMBOLS FOR
GENERAL ENGINEERING
Part 3 : WELDING AND
NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION
Australia on 12 November 1986 and published on 6 February 1987.
The following interests are represented on Committee WD/1:
Australian Welding Institute
Australian Welding Research Association Bureau of Steel Manufacturers of Australia Confederation of Australian Industry
CSIRO, Division of Manufacturing Technology Department of Defence
Electricity Supply Association of Australia Melbourne and Metropolitan Tramways Board Metal Trades Industry Association of Australia Railways of Australia Committee
Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology
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Australian Standard
GRAPHICAL SYMBOLS FOR
GENERAL ENGINEERING
Part 3 : WELDING AND
NON-DESTRUCTIVE
EXAMINATION
First publi shed (as AS Z6) . . . 1955
Revised . . . 1969
AS 1101, Part 3 fi rst publi shed . . . 1979
Second editi on . . . 1987
PUBLISHED BY STANDARDS AUSTRALIA (STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA) 1 THE CRESCENT, HOMEBUSH, NSW 2140
PREFACE
This edition of this standard was prepared by the Association’s Committee on Welding Definitions and Symbols, to supersede AS 1101, Graphical Symbols for General Engineering, Part 3—1979—Symbols for Welding. It is generally based on ANSI/AWS A2.4-79, Symbols for Welding and Nondestructive Testing, and the permission of the American Welding Society Inc. to use their standard is acknowledged.
The standard provides a scheme whereby complete details of welds and welded joints can be delineated on drawings. A separate section has been included establishing symbols for use on drawings to specify requirements for non-destructive examination for determining the soundness of materials.
The method for symbolic representation of welds on engineering drawings used in this standard is consistent with the ‘third angle’ method of projection, which is the preferred method given in AS 1100, Technical Drawing, Part 101—General Principles. It should be noted, however, that the scheme is equally appropriate to drawings in which the ‘first angle’ method of projection is used.
The committee noted the practice currently adopted in ISO 2553, Welds—Symbolic Representation on Drawings, in regard to the position of the symbols on drawings, viz the dual reference line, and felt that this situation should not be carried over into this standard. Therefore, the practice of using one continuous reference line remains unaltered in this edition.
Illustrations used with the text are intended only to show how symbols may be used to convey welding or testing information and do not necessarily represent good or accepted design practice.
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CONTENTS
Page
SECTION 1. SCOPE AND GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE . . . 5
1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS . . . 5
1.3 DEFINITIONS . . . 5
SECTION 2. BASIC PRINCIPLES 2.1 BASIC SYMBOLS . . . 6
2.2 BASIC TYPES OF JOINTS AND WELDS . . . 7
2.3 GENERAL PROVISIONS . . . 7
SECTION 3. SYMBOLS FOR FILLET WELDS 3.1 GENERAL . . . 23
3.2 SIZE OF FILLET WELDS . . . 23
3.3 LENGTH OF FILLET WELDS . . . 23
3.4 EXTENT OF FILLET WELDING . . . 23
3.5 DIMENSIONING OF INTERMITTENT FILLET WELDING . . 26
3.6 TERMINATION OF INTERMITTENT FILLET WELDING . . . 26
3.7 COMBINATION OF INTERMITTENT AND CONTINUOUS FILLET WELDING . . . 26
3.8 FILLET WELDS IN HOLES AND SLOTS . . . 26
3.9 SURFACE FINISH AND CONTOUR OF FILLET WELDS . . . 26
3.10 SKEWED JOINTS . . . 26
SECTION 4. SYMBOLS FOR BUTT WELDS 4.1 GENERAL . . . 29
4.2 DEPTH OF PREPARATION AND DESIGN THROAT THICK-NESS OF BUTT WELDS . . . 29
4.3 JOINT PREPARATION DIMENSIONS . . . 36
4.4 SURFACE FINISH AND CONTOUR OF BUTT WELDS . . . . 36
4.5 BACKING RUN OR BACKING WELDS . . . 43
4.6 JOINT WITH BACKING . . . 44
4.7 JOINT WITH SPACER . . . 44
4.8 CONVENTION FOR BACK GOUGING AFTER WELDING ONE SIDE . . . 44
SECTION 5. SYMBOLS FOR SURFACING 5.1 GENERAL . . . 48
5.2 USE OF SURFACING SYMBOL . . . 48
5.3 SIZE (THICKNESS) OF SURFACES BUILT UP BY WELDING 48 5.4 EXTENT, LOCATION, AND ORIENTATION OF SURFACES BUILT UP BY WELDING . . . 48
5.5 SURFACING A WELD FACE . . . 48
SECTION 6. SYMBOLS FOR FLANGE WELDING 6.1 GENERAL . . . 50
6.2 EDGE-FLANGE WELDS . . . 50
6.3 CORNER-FLANGE WELDS . . . 50
6.4 DIMENSIONS OF FLANGE WELDS . . . 50
Page
SECTION 7. SYMBOLS FOR PLUG WELDING
7.1 GENERAL . . . 54
7.2 SIZE OF PLUG WELDS . . . 54
7.3 ANGLE OF COUNTERSINK . . . 54
7.4 DEPTH OF FILLING . . . 54
7.5 SPACING OF PLUG WELDS . . . 54
7.6 SURFACE CONTOUR OF PLUG WELDS . . . 54
SECTION 8. SYMBOLS FOR SLOT WELDING 8.1 GENERAL . . . 57
8.2 DEPTH OF FILLING . . . 57
8.3 DETAILS OF SLOT WELDS . . . 57
8.4 SURFACE FINISH AND CONTOUR OF SLOT WELDS . . . 59
SECTION 9. SYMBOLS FOR SPOT WELDING 9.1 GENERAL . . . 60
9.2 SIZE AND STRENGTH OF SPOT WELDS . . . 60
9.3 SPACING OF SPOT WELDS . . . 60
9.4 EXTENT OF SPOT WELDING . . . 60
9.5 NUMBER OF SPOT WELDS . . . 60
9.6 GROUPED SPOT WELDS . . . 64
9.7 FLUSH SPOT WELDED JOINTS . . . 64
9.8 MULTIPLE-JOINT SPOT WELDS . . . 64
SECTION 10. SYMBOLS FOR SEAM WELDING 10.1 GENERAL . . . 65
10.2 SIZE AND STRENGTH OF SEAM WELDS . . . 65
10.3 LENGTH OF SEAM WELDS . . . 65
10.4 DIMENSIONING OF INTERMITTENT SEAM WELDS . . . 65
10.5 ORIENTATION OF SEAM WELDS . . . 65
10.6 FLUSH SEAM WELDED JOINTS . . . 66
10.7 MULTIPLE-JOINT SEAM WELDS . . . 66
SECTION 11. SYMBOLS FOR BRAZED JOINTS 11.1 GENERAL . . . 69
11.2 JOINT PREPARATION . . . 69
SECTION 12. SYMBOLS FOR NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION 12.1 BASIC SYMBOLS . . . 73
12.2 GENERAL PROVISIONS . . . 73
12.3 METHODS OF SPECIFYING EXTENT OF NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION . . . 75
APPENDICES A ABBREVIATIONS OF TERMS FOR WELDING AND APPLIED PROCESSES . . . 77
B DESIGN OF STANDARD SYMBOLS . . . 79
STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA
Australian Standard for
GRAPHICAL SYMBOLS FOR GENERAL ENGINEERING
PART 3—WELDING AND NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION
SECTION 1. SCOPE AND GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE. This standard describes symbols which provide the means of placing complete welding information on drawings. It covers the details and application of symbols related to various welding processes (including brazing), and non-destructive examination.
Appendix A gives a listing of abbreviations normally used for welding and allied processes. Appendix B shows the design of standard symbols, while Appendix C gives a typical example for the use of symbols on structural drawings.
1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS. The following standards are referred to in this standard:
AS 2536 Surface Texture
AS 2812 Welding, Brazing and Cutting of Metals — Glossary of Terms
1.3 DEFINITIONS. For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given in AS 2812 shall apply.
SECTION 2. BASIC PRINCIPLES
2.1 BASIC SYMBOLS
2.1.1 Distinction between weld symbol and welding symbol. This standard makes a distinction between the terms weld symbol and welding symbol. The weld
symbol (see Fig. 2.1) indicates the type of weld. The
welding symbol (see Fig. 2.3) is a method of representing the weld symbol on drawings, and includes supplementary information and consists of the following eight elements:
(a) Reference line (shown horizontally). (b) Arrow.
(c) Basic weld symbols. (d) Dimensions and other data. (e) Supplementary symbols. (f) Finish symbols.
(g) Tail.
(h) Specification, process, or other references.
NOTE: Not all of the above elements need to be used unless requir ed for clarit y.
2.1.2 Illustrations. Examples given including dimensions (in millimetres) are illustrative only and are intended to facilitate communications. They are not intended to represent design practices or to replace code or specification requirements.
2.1.3 Basic weld symbols. Basic weld symbols shall be as shown in Fig. 2.1. The symbols shall be drawn ‘on’ the reference line (shown dotted).
2.1.4 Supplementary symbols. Supplementary symbols to be used in connection with welding symbols shall be as shown in Fig. 2.2.
2.1.5 Standard location of elements of a welding symbol. The elements of a welding symbol shall have standard locations with respect to each other as shown in Fig. 2.3. Specification and process references should be shown in the tail of the welding symbol.
Fig. 2.2. SU PP LEME NTAR Y SY MB OLS
2.2 BASIC TYPES OF JOINTS AND WELDS. 2.2.1 Basic types of joints. The basic types of joints are shown in Fig. 2.4.
2.2.2 Applicable welds. Applicable welds in basic types of joints are listed in Fig. 2.4.
2.3 GENERAL PROVISIONS 2.3.1 Location significance of arrow.
2.3.1.1 General. The location significance of arrow is shown in Fig. 2.5.
Fig. 2.5. LOCA TION SIGNIFICA NC E OF ARR OW
2.3.1.2 Butt, fillet, and flange weld symbols. For symbols for butt, fillet, and flange welds, the arrow shall connect the welding symbol reference line to one side of the joint and this side shall be considered the arrow side of the joint. The side opposite the arrow side of the joint shall be considered the other side of the joint (See Fig. 2.6.)
2.3.1.3. Plug, slot, spot, seam and projection weld
symbols. For symbols for plug, slot, spot, seam, and
projection welds, the arrow shall connect the weld symbol reference line to the outer surface of one of the members of the joint at the centreline of the desired weld. The member towards which the arrow points shall be considered the arrow side member. The other member of the joint shall be considered the other side member. (See figures cited in Sections 7 to 10 inclusive).
2.3.1.4 Symbols with no side significance. Some weld symbols have no arrow side or other side significance, although supplementary symbols used in conjunction with them may have significance (see Fig. 2.7 and Clauses 9.1.2 and 9.1.4).
* Use appropriate letter symbol for process Fig. 2.7. SY MB OLS WITH NO SIDE
SIGN IFICAN CE
2.3.2 Location of weld with respect to joint. 2.3.2.1 Arrow side. Welds on the arrow side of the joint shall be shown by placing the weld symbol on the side of the reference line towards the reader (see Fig. 2.8 and Clause 2.3.1.1).
Fig. 2.8. WE LDS ON AR RO W SIDE
2.3.2.2 Other side. Welds on the other side of the joint shall be shown by placing the weld symbol on the side of the reference line away from the reader (see Fig. 2.9 and Clause 2.3.1.1).
Applicable welds Square-butt J-butt
V-butt Flare-V-butt
Bevel- butt Flare-bevel- butt
U-butt Edge-f lange
Braze
Applicable welds
Fill et Flare-bevel- butt Square-bult Edge-f lange V-butt Corner-f lange Bevel- butt Spot
U-butt Projecti on
J-butt Seam
Flare-V-butt Braze
Applicable welds
Fill et J-butt
Plug Flare-bevel- butt
Slot Spot
Square-butt Projecti on
Bevel- butt Seam
Braze
Applicable welds
Fill et J-butt
Plug Flare-bevel- butt
Slot Spot
Bevel- butt Projecti on Seam Braze
Applicable welds Square-butt Edge-f lange Bevel- butt Corner-f lange
V-butt Seam
U-butt Edge
J-butt
2.3.2.3 Both sides. Welds on both sides of the joint shall be shown by placing weld symbols on both sides of the reference line, towards and away from the reader (see Fig. 2.10 and Clause 2.3.1.1).
Fig. 2.10 WELDS ON BOTH SIDE S
2.3.3 Method of drawing symbols. Symbols may be drawn mechanically or freehand as desired. Symbols intended to appear in publications or otherwise to be of high precision may be drawn with dimensions and proportions shown in Appendix B.
2.3.4 Location of a specification, procedure, process, or other reference.
2.3.4.1 Symbols with references. Where a specifica-tion, procedure, process, or other reference is used with a welding symbol, the reference shall be placed in the tail (see Fig. 2.11).
Fig. 2.11. RE FERE NC E LOCA TION
2.3.4.2 Symbols without reference. Where desired, symbols may be used without specification, process, or other references in the following instances: (a) Where a note such as the following appears on
the drawing: ‘Unless otherwise designated, all welds are to be made in accordance with Specification No....’
(b) Where the welding procedure to be used is prescribed elsewhere, such as in shop instructions and process sheets.
2.3.4.3 General notes. Where desired, general notes such as the following may be placed on a drawing to provide detailed information pertaining to the predominant welds:
‘Unless otherwise indicated, all fillet welds are 6 mm in size.’
‘Unless otherwise indicated, root gaps for all butt welds are 3 mm.’
The information need not be repeated on the symbols. 2.3.4.4 Process indication. Where use of a definite process is required, the process shall be indicated by letter designations as shown in Appendix A (see Fig. 2.12).
Fig. 2.12 PRO CE SS IND ICATION
2.3.4.5 Symbol without tail. Where no specifica-tion, process, or other reference is used with a welding symbol, the tail may be omitted.
2.3.5 Site weld symbol. Site weld (welds not made in a shop or at the place of initial construction) shall be indicated by means of the site weld symbol. The flag shall point away from the arrow. (See Fig.2.13.)
Fig. 2.13. US E OF SITE WELD SYM BO L
2.3.6 Symbol for complete penetration from one side.
2.3.6.1 Use. The symbol for complete penetration from one side shall be used only where complete joint or member penetration plus reinforcement is required in welds made from one side only (see Fig. 2.14).
2.3.6.2 Location. The symbol for complete penetra-tion from one side shall be placed on the side of the reference line opposite to the weld symbol (see Fig. 2.14).
2.3.6.3 Dimensions. Dimensions of complete penetration need not be shown on the welding symbol. If it is desired to specify height of reinforcement, it shall be shown on the drawing. (See Fig. 2.14.)
2.3.7 Contour and surface finish methods for complete penetration from one side.
2.3.7.1 Flush contour. Complete penetration welds from one side that is to be made flush by mechanical means shall be shown by adding both the flush contour symbol and the required finish symbol to the symbol for complete penetration from one side (see Clause 2.3.10 and Fig. 2.15).
Fig. 2.14 APP LICA TION OF SY MB OL FOR COM PLETE PE NE TRATION FROM ONE SIDE
2.3.7.2 Convex contour. Complete penetration welds from one side that is to be mechanically finished to a convex contour shall be shown by adding both the convex contour symbol and the required finish symbol to the symbol for complete penetration from one side (see Clause 2.3.10 and Fig. 2.16).
Fig. 2.16. INDICA TION OF CO NV EX CON TOUR
2.3.8 Extent of welding denoted by symbols. 2.3.8.1 Abrupt changes. Symbols apply between abrupt changes in the direction of the welding or to the extent of hatching or dimension lines, except where the weld-all-around symbol is used (see Figs 2.19 and 2.20).
2.3.8.2 Hidden joints. Where the welding of the hidden joint is the same as that of the visible joint, the welding on hidden joints may be covered, as shown in Fig. 2.17. In such case, a section is desirable but is not necessary. The drawing shall indicate the presence of hidden members. If the welding on the hidden point is different from that of the visible joint, specific information for the welding of both shall be given. If needed for clarification, auxiliary illus-trations or views shall be added.
Fig. 2.17. EX AM PLE OF HIDD EN JOINT
2.3.8.3 Approximate location. Where the exact location of the weld is not critical, it may be indicated as in Fig. 2.19(d).
2.3.8.4 Use of weld-all-around symbol . Welds extending completely around a joint shall be indicated by the weld-all-around symbol (see Fig. 2.18). Welds that are completely around a joint which includes more than one type of weld, indicated by a combination weld symbol, shall be designated by the weld-all-around symbol. Welds completely around a joint in which the metal intersections at the points of welding are in more than one plane shall also be indicated by the weld-all-around symbol. (See Fig 2.20(c)).
Fig. 2.18. US E OF WE LD-ALL-ARO UN D SYM BO L
2.3.9 Weld continuity. Unless otherwise indicated, all welds shall be continuous.
2.3.10 Finishing of welds. Finishing of welds, other than cleaning, shall be indicated by suitable contour and finish symbols. The following finishing symbols indicate the method, not the degree*, of finish: C — Chipping. G — Grinding. M — Machining. R — Rolling. P — Peening.
(See Clauses 2.3.7, 3.9, 4.4, 4.5.3, 7.6, 8.4, 9.6, and 10.6.)
2.3.11 Construction of symbols. Fillet, bevel and J-butt, flare-bevel-butt, and corner-flange weld symbols shall be shown with the perpendicular leg always to the left (see Fig. 2.25).
Fig. 2.25. CO NS TRUC TION OF SY MB OLS
2.3.12 Crank in arrow. Where one member of a joint is to be prepared, the arrow shall point with a definite crank towards that member (see Fig. 2.26, and also Figs 2.21 and 2.22).
Fig. 2.26. CR AN K IN AR RO W
(a) Weld wit h abrupt changes in dir ecti on
(b) Weld-all -around symbol
(c) Weld in several planes (W eld conti nues around periphery)
(d) Round point
(r ound member prepared by machining to round point)
(e) Chisel point
(r ound member prepared by machining to chisel point)
(a) Arrow side
(b) Other side
(c) Both sides
Fig. 2.21. AP PLICATION OF CR AN K IN ARR OW OF WELDING SY MB OL (BEV EL-BUTT WE LD)
(a) Arrow side
(b) Other side
(c) Both sides
Fig. 2.22. AP PLICATION OF CR AN K IN AR RO W OF WE LDING SYM BO L (J-BUTT WE LD)
(a) Single-bevel-butt and backing run weld symbols
(b) Back or backing, single-J-butt and fil let weld symbols
(c) Fill et and double-bevel- butt weld symbols
(d) Single-bevel-butt and double-fi ll et weld symbols
2.3.13 Reading of information on welding symbols. Information on welding symbols shall be placed to read from left to right along the reference line in accordance with the usual conventions of drafting. 2.3.14 Combined weld symbols. For joints having more than one weld, a symbol shall be shown for each weld (see figs 2.23 and 2.24).
2.3.15 Complete penetration. The letters ‘CP’ in the tail of the arrow indicate a complete penetration weld regardless of the type of weld or joint preparation (see Clause 4.2.7 and Fig. 4.14).
2.3.16 Designation of special types of weld. Where the basic weld symbols are inadequate to indicate the desired weld, the weld shall be shown by a cross-section, detail, or other data with a reference thereto on the welding symbol in accordance with the location conventions given in Clause 2.3.1 (see Fig. 2.27).
Fig. 2.27. DE SIGN ATIONS OF SP EC IAL WELD TYPE S
Desired weld Symbol
(a)
Desired weld Symbol
(b)
Fig. 2.24. AP PLICATION OF ELEC TROG AS WE LDING AND ELEC TROS LAG WE LDING WITH CO MB INATION OF WE LD SYM BO LS
2.3.17 Multiple reference lines.
2.3.17.1 Sequence of operations . Two or more reference lines may be used to indicate a sequence of operations. The first operation is shown on the reference line nearest the arrow. Subsequent operations are shown sequentially on other reference lines. (See Fig. 2.28.)
Fig. 2.28. INDICA TION OF SE QU EN CE OF OP ER ATION
2.3.17.2 Supplementary data. Additional reference
lines may be used to show data supplementary to welding symbol information included on the reference line nearest to the arrow (see Fig. 2.29).
Fig. 2.29. US E OF AD DITION AL REFER EN CE LINE FOR SUP PLEM EN TARY DA TA
2.3.17.3 Test information. Test information may be shown on a second or third reference line away from the arrow as described in Section 12.
2.3.17.4 Supplementary symbols. Where required, the weld-all-around symbol or test-all-around symbol shall be placed at the junction of the arrow line and reference line for each operation to which it is applicable. The site weld symbol may also be applied in the same manner. (See Fig. 2.30.)
Fig. 2.30. US E OF SU PP LEME NTAR Y SYM BO L WITH MU LTIPLE RE FERE NC E LINE
SECTION 3. SYMBOLS FOR FILLET WELDS
3.1 GENERAL
3.1.1 Dimensioning fillets. Dimensions of fillet welds shall be shown on the same side of the reference line as the weld symbol (see Figs 2.19, 3.4, and 3.5).
3.1.2 Symbols with no general note. Where no general note governing the dimensions of fillet welds appears on the drawing, the dimensions of fillet welds on both sides of the joint shall be shown (see Figs 3.1 and 3.2).
Fig. 3.1. WE LDS WITH SAM E DIMEN SION S
Fig. 3.2. WE LDS WITH DIFFERE NT DIMEN SION S
3.1.3 Symbols with general note. Where a general note appears on the drawing governing the dimensions of fillet welds, such as ‘unless otherwise indicated, all fillet welds are 8 mm in size’, the dimensions of fillet welds need not be shown on the symbol.
3.2 SIZE OF FILLET WELDS.
3.2.1 Location. The size of a fillet weld shall be shown to the left of the weld symbol (see Fig. 3.4(a), (b), (c), and (d)).
NOTE: Examples shown in Fig. 3.4 are for joints wit hout root gaps. For root gaps caused by workmanship tolerances, the appropri ate appli cati on standard should be foll owed for fi ll et weld sizes.
3.2.2 Unequal legs. The size of a fillet weld with unequal legs shall be indicated to the left of the weld symbol. Weld orientation is not indicated by the symbol and shall be shown on the drawing when necessary. (See Fig. 3.4(d).)
3.2.3 Minimum size. Unless otherwise indicated, the deposited fillet weld size shall be not less than the size shown on the drawing.
3.2.4 Penetration. Where penetration for a given root opening is specified, as in Fig. 3.8(a), the inspection method for determining penetration depth is to be included in the applicable specification.
3.3 LENGTH OF FILLET WELDS.
3.3.1 Location. The length of a fillet weld, where indicated on the welding symbol, shall be shown to the right of the weld symbol (see Fig. 3.3, and also Fig. 3.4(f)).
Fig. 3.3. LENG TH OF FILLET WELDS
3.3.2 Abrupt changes. Where fillet welding extends for the full distance between abrupt changes in the direction of the welding (see Clause 2.3.8), no length dimension need be shown on the welding symbol (see Fig. 3.4(e)).
3.3.3 Specific lengths. Specific lengths of fillet welding may be indicated by symbols in conjunction with dimension lines (see Fig. 3.6, and also Fig. 2.19(a) and (c)).
Fig. 3.6. INDICA TION OF SP EC IFIC LEN GTHS OF FILLET WELDS
3.4 EXTENT OF FILLET WELDING.
3.4.1 Hatching. Where it is desired to shown the extent of fillet welding graphically, the location of the weld may be shown by hatching (see Fig. 3.7).
Fig. 3.7. EX TENT OF FILLET WE LDING SH OWN BY HA TCHING
(a) Length and pit ch of increments of intermitt ent welding
(b) Length and pit ch of increments of chain intermitt ent welding
(c) Length and pitch of increments of staggered interm it tent welding
NOTE: If required by actual length of the joint, the length of the increment of the welds at the end of the joint should be increased to terminate the weld at the end of the joint.
Fig. 3.5. AP PLICATION OF DIMEN SION S TO INTER MITTEN T FILLET WE LD SY MB OLS
3.4.2 Welds beyond abrupt changes. Fillet welding extending beyond abrupt changes in the direction of the welding shall be indicated by means of additional arrows pointing to each section of the joint to be welded, as shown in Fig. 2.20(a), except where the weld-all-around symbol is used.
3.5 DIMENSIONING OF INTERMITTENT FILLET WELDING. Dimensioning of intermittent fillet welding shall be as follows:
(a) The pitch (centre-to-centre spacing) of intermittent fillet welding shall be shown as the distance between centres of increments on one side of the joint (see Fig. 3.5).
(b) The pitch (centre-to-centre spacing) of intermittent fillet welding shall be shown to the right of the length dimension (see Fig. 3.5).
(c) Dimensions of chain intermittent fillet welding shall be shown on both sides of the reference line. Chain intermittent fillet welds shall be opposite each other as shown in Fig. 3.5(b).
(d) Dimensions of staggered intermittent fillet welding shall be shown on both sides of the reference line using the convention shown in Fig. 3.5(c).
3.6 TERMINATION OF INTERMITTENT FILLET WELDING.
3.6.1 Intermittent fillets only. Where intermittent fillet welding is used by itself, the symbol indicates that increments shall be located at the ends of the dimensioned length (see Fig. 2.19(b)).
3.6.2 Intermittent welds between continuous welds. Where intermittent fillet welding is used between continuous fillet welds, the symbol indicates that spaces equal to the pitch minus the length of one increment shall be left at the ends of the dimensioned length (see Figs 2.19(a) and 3.5(a)).
3.7 COMBINATION OF INTERMITTENT AND CONTINUOUS FILLET WELDING. Separate welding symbols shall be used for intermittent and continuous fillet welding where the two are used in combination along one side of the joint (see Fig. 2.19(a)).
3.8 FILLET WELDS IN HOLES AND SLOTS. Fillet welds in holes and slots shall be shown by means of fillet weld symbols (see Fig. 3.8(b)).
3.9 SURFACE FINISH AND CONTOUR OF
FILLET WELDS.
3.9.1 Contours obtained by welding. Fillet welds that are to be welded approximately flat, convex, or concave without recourse to any method of finishing shall be shown by adding the flush, convex, or concave contour symbol to the weld symbol, in accordance with the location conventions given in Clause 2.3.1 (see Fig. 3.9).
Fig. 3.9. INDICATION OF WELD CONTOUR WITHOUT MECHANICAL MEANS
3.9.2 Flat contour by mechanical means. Fillet welds that are to be made flat faced by mechanical means shall be shown by adding both the flush contour symbol and the required finish symbol to the weld symbol, in accordance with the location conventions given in Clause 2.3.1 (see Clause 2.3.10 and Fig. 3.10).
Fig. 3.10. FLAT CONTOUR BY MECHANICAL MEANS
3.9.3 Convex contour by mechanical means. Fillet welds that are to be mechanically finished to a convex contour shall be shown by adding both the convex contour symbol and the required finish symbol to the weld symbol, in accordance with the location conventions given in Clause 2.3.1 (see Clause 2.3.10 and Fig. 3.11).
Fig. 3.11. CONVEX CONTOUR BY MECHANICAL MEANS
3.9.4 Concave contour by mechanical means. Fillet welds that are to be mechanically finished to a concave contour shall be shown by adding both the concave contour symbol and the required finish symbol to the weld symbol, in accordance with the location conventions given in Clause 2.3.1 (see Clause 2.3.10 and Fig. 3.12).
Fig. 3.12. CONCAVE CONTOUR BY MECHANICAL MEANS
3.10 SKEWED JOINTS. Where the angle between fusion faces is such that the identification of the type of weld and hence the proper weld symbol is in question, the detail of the desired joint and weld configuration shall be shown on the drawing.
Desired weld Symbol (a) Combination fillet and butt weld in
T-joint with specified root gap
(b) Fillet weld in holes (or slot)
(c) Double fillet weld symbols for one joint
(d) Double fillet weld symbols for two joints
SECTION 4. SYMBOLS FOR BUTT WELDS
4.1 GENERAL
4.1.1 Dimension location. Dimensions showing preparation of butt welds shall be indicated on the same side of the reference line as the weld symbol (see Fig. 4.2, and also Fig. 4.1).
4.1.2 Double-butt dimensions. Where no general note governing the dimensions of welds appears on the drawing, the dimensions of double-butt welds shall be shown on both welds (see Figs 4.3 and 4.4). 4.1.3 Cranked arrow. For bevel-butt, J-butt and corner flange welds, a cranked arrow shall be used to indicate which member is prepared as described in Clause 2.3.12 (see Fig. 4.5).
4.1.4 Dimensions in general note. Where a general note appears on the drawing governing the dimensions
of butt welds, such as ‘unless otherwise noted, all V-butt welds shall have a 60° groove angle’, neither butt weld need be dimensioned.
4.2 DEPTH OF PREPARATION AND DESIGN THROAT THICKNESS OF BUTT WELDS. 4.2.1 Location. The depth of groove preparation (S) and design throat thickness (D) of a butt weld shall be shown to the left of the weld symbol (see Figs 4.6 to 4.9).
4.2.2 Complete joint penetration required. Where no depth of groove preparation or design throat thickness is shown on the welding symbol for single-butt and symmetrical double-butt welds, complete joint penetration is required (see Fig. 4.6(d) and (e)).
Fig. 4.1. AP PLICATION OF DIMEN SION S TO BUTT WELD SYM BO LS (BUTT WELD SYM BO L SH OWING US E OF CO MB INED DIME NS IONS )
Fig. 4.2. DIME NS IONS LOCA TION FOR BUTT WE LDS
Fig. 4.3. WE LDS WITH SAM E DIMEN SION S
Fig. 4.4. WE LDS WITH DIFFERE NT DIMEN SION S
(a) Depth of preparati on ‘S’ equal to design throat thickness (D)
(b) Depth of preparati on ‘S’ less than design throat thickness (D)
(c) Depth of preparation ‘S’ more than design throat thickness (D)
(d) No preparation
Fig. 4.7. EX AM PLES OF DIFFER EN T RE LATION SH IPS BE TWEE N DE PTH OF PR EP AR ATION ‘S’ AN D DES IGN THRO AT THICKN ES S (D)
Fig. 4.8. DE SIGN ATION OF DES IGN THR OA T THICK NE SS OF BU TT WELDS WITH SP EC IFIED DEP TH OF PRE PA RA TION
(a) Butt joint with no root opening
(b) Arrow side bevel-butt weld wit h root opening
(c) Both sides V-butt weld with root opening
Fig. 4.9. DE SIGN ATION OF DES IGN THR OA T THICK NE SS OF BU TT WE LDS WITHOU T SPE CIFIED DEP TH OF PR EP AR ATION
NOTE: The total design throat thickness of the T-butt porti on of the weld cannot be greater than the thickness of the intersecti ng plate.
4.2.3 Partial joint penetration specified, depth of preparation not specified. The design throat thickness of butt welds which extend only partly through the member or members being joined shall be shown in parentheses on the welding symbol (see Fig. 4.11, and also Fig, 4.7(a), (b), (c) and (d)).
Fig. 4.11. PA RTIAL JOINT PEN ETRA TION
4.2.4 Depth of preparation specified, design throat thickness not specified, or specified elsewhere. A dimension not in parentheses placed to the left of the symbol for a bevel weld, V-butt weld, J-butt weld, or U-butt weld indicates only the depth of preparation (see Fig. 4.12).
Fig. 4.12. INDICA TION OF DE PTH OF PR EP AR ATION ONLY
4.2.5 Depth of preparation and design throat thickness specified. Except for square-butt welds, the design throat thickness (D) in relation to the depth of groove preparation S shall be shown to the left of the weld symbol. The design throat thickness (D) only is shown for the square-butt weld. (See Fig. 4.13, and also Figs 4.8, 4.9, and 4.10.) The design throat thickness (D) shall always be enclosed in brackets.
NOTE: In no case shall the total design throat thickness exceed the thickness of the thinner member of the weld joint.
Fig. 4.13. INDICA TION OF DEP TH OF PR EP AR ATION AND DES IGN THR OA T THICKN ES S
4.2.6 Special case of requirement of Clause 4.2.5— design throat thickness where specified less than depth of preparation. Where it is desired to indicate a design throat thickness (D) less than the depth of preparation S, (D) is shown less than S on the welding symbol (see Figs 4.7(c) and 4.16).
4.2.7 Joint preparation optional, complete pene-tration required. Contract design drawings, or other drawings where conditions dictate, may allow optional joint preparation with complete joint penetration required by placing the letters ‘CP’ in the tail of the arrow and omitting the weld symbol (see Fig. 4.14).
4.2.8 Joint preparation optional, design throat thickness specified. For contract design drawings where conditions dictate, the design throat thickness may be specified by placing the dimension D on the arrow side or other side of the reference line as required but omitting the weld symbol (see Fig. 4.15).
4.2.9 Flare-butt welds. The dimension S of flare-butt welds is considered as extending only to the tangent points indicated below by dimension lines (see Fig. 4.16).
4.3 JOINT PREPARATION DIMENSIONS. 4.3.1 Root gap. The root gap of butt welds shall be shown inside the weld symbol (see Fig. 4.17). 4.3.2 Preparation angle. The preparation angle of butt welds shall be shown outside the weld symbol (see Fig. 4.18).
4.3.3 Radii and root faces. Radii and land of U-butt and J-U-butt welds shall be shown by a cross-section, detail, or other data, with reference thereto on the welding symbol, in accordance with the location conventions given in Clause 2.3.1 (see Fig. 4.19).
Fig 4.19. EXA MP LES OF INDICA TING DETAILS OF RA DII AN D ROO T FACE S
4.4 SURFACE FINISH AND CONTOUR OF
BUTT WELDS.
4.4.1 Contours obtained by welding. Butt welds that are to be welded approximately flush without recourse to any method of finishing shall be shown by adding the flush contour symbol to the weld symbol, in accordance with the location conventions given in Clause 2.3.1 (see Fig. 4.20, and also Fig. 4.25(a)).
Fig. 4.20. INDICA TION OF FLUS H CON TOUR WITHOU T MEC HA NICA L ME AN S
(a) Joint preparation opti onal
Desired weld Symbol
(b) Joint preparation opti onal
(a) Flare-V-butt weld with specif ied parti al joint preparation
(b) Flare-bevel- butt weld with specif ied part ial joint penetrati on and fi ll et weld
4.4.2 Flush contour by mechanical means. Butt welds that are to be made flush by mechanical means shall be shown by adding both the flush contour symbol and the required finish symbol to the weld symbol, in accordance with the location conventions given in Clause 2.3.1 (see Fig. 4.21, and also Fig. 4.25 and Clause 2.3.10).
Fig. 4.21. INDICA TION OF FLUS H CON TOUR BY ME CH AN ICAL ME AN S
4.4.3 Convex contour by mechanical means. Butt welds that are to be mechanically finished to a convex contour shall be shown by adding both the convex contour symbol and the required finish symbol to the weld symbol, in accordance with the location conventions given in Clause 2.3.1 (see Fig. 4.22, and also Fig. 4.25(c) and Clause 2.3.10).
Fig. 4.22. INDICA TION OF CO NV EX CON TOUR BY ME CH AN ICAL ME AN S
4.5 BACKING RUN OR BACKING WELDS. 4.5.1 General. The backing run or backing weld symbol shall be used to indicate bead type backing run or backing welds or single-butt welds (see Fig. 4.26).
4.5.2 Backing run or backing weld symbol. Backing runs or backing welds of single-butt welds shall be shown by placing a backing run or backing weld symbol on the side of the reference line opposite the butt weld symbol (see Fig. 4.23, and also Fig. 4.26).
Fig. 4.23. US E OF BA CK ING RU N OR BA CK ING WE LD SY MB OL
4.5.3 Surface contour of backing run or backing welds.
4.5.3.1 Contours obtained by welding. Backing run or backing welds that are to be welded approximate-ly flush without recourse to any method of finishing shall be shown by adding the flush contour symbol to the backing run or backing weld symbol (see Fig. 4.24).
Fig 4.24. IND ICATION OF FLUS H CON TOUR WITHOU T MEC HA NICA L ME AN S
4.5.3.2 Flush contour by mechanical means.
Backing runs or backing welds that are to be made flush by mechanical means shall be shown by adding both the flush contour symbol and the required finish symbol to the backing run or backing weld symbol (see Fig. 4.27 and Clause 2.3.10).
Fig. 4.27. INDICA TION OF FLUS H CON TOUR BY ME CH AN ICAL ME AN S
4.5.3.3 Convex contour by mechanical means.
Backing run or backing welds that are to be mechanically finished to a convex contour shall be shown by adding both the convex contour symbol and the required finish symbol to the backing run or backing weld symbol (see Fig. 4.28 and Clause 2.3.10).
Fig. 4.28. INDICA TION OF CO NV EX CON TOUR BY ME CH AN ICAL ME AN S
4.6 JOINT WITH BACKING. A joint with backing shall be shown as a combination of the butt weld symbol on one side of the reference line and a rectangle on the opposite side in which shall be included one of two notations as shown in Fig. 4.29.
NOTE: Materi al and dimensions of backing as specif ied.
Fig. 4.29. JOINT WITH BA CK ING
4.7 JOINT WITH SPACER. A joint with spacer shall be shown with the butt weld symbol modified to show a rectangle within it, and the rectangle shall include a notation as shown in Fig. 4.30.
4.8 CONVENTION FOR BACK GOUGING
AFTER WELDING ONE SIDE. A second
reference line may be used (see Clause 2.3.17) for a second operation which cannot be performed until after the first is completed. Back gouging and welding as a second operation are thus indicated as shown in Fig. 4.31.
Symbol
NOTE: The total design throat thickness not to exceed thickness of member
Fig. 4.31. INDICA TION OF BA CK GO UG ING AFTER WELDING
(a) Arrow side flush contour symbol
(b) Other side flush contour symbol
(c) Both sides convex contour symbol
Fig. 4.25. AP PLICATION OF FLUS H AN D CO NV EX CON TOUR SY MB OLS TO BU TT WELD SYM BO LS
NOTE: Butt weld made before welding other side
(a) Use of backing run or backing weld symbol to indicate single-run back weld
NOTE: Butt weld made aft er welding other side
(b) Use of backing run or backing weld symbol to indicate single-run backing weld
NOTE: The total design throat thickness cannot be greater than 25 mm
(c) Back gouging after welding one side
NOTE: The total design throat thickness cannot be greater than plate thickness T
(d) Use of backing weld with root gap
Fig. 4.26. AP PLICATION OF BA CK ING RUN OR BAC KING WELD SY MB OL WITH AN D WITHOU T GO UG ING
(a) Spacer in double-bevel- butt joint
(b) Spacer in double-V-butt joint
(c) Spacer in double-bevel-butt joint
NOTE: Materials and dimensions of spacer as specif ied.
SECTION 5. SYMBOLS FOR SURFACING
5.1 GENERAL (see Fig. 5.1). The surfacing symbol shall be used to indicate surfaces built up by welding for such purposes as the following:
(a) Correcting dimensions.
(b) Transition between dissimilar metals. (c) Corrosion resistance.
(d) Wear resistance.
5.2 USE OF SURFACING SYMBOL.
5.2.1 Symbol application. Surfaces built up by welding, whether by single-pass or multiple-pass surfacing welds, shall be shown by the surfacing symbol (see Fig. 5.1).
5.2.2 Arrow side significance. The surfacing symbol does not indicate the welding of a joint and therefore has no arrow or other side significance. The symbol shall be drawn beneath the reference line and the arrow shall point clearly to the surface on which the weld is to be deposited. (See Fig. 5.1.)
5.2.3 Dimension location. Dimensions used in conjunction with the surfacing symbol shall be shown on the same side of the reference line as the weld symbol (see Fig. 5.1).
5.3 SIZE (THICKNESS) OF SURFACES BUILT UP BY WELDING.
5.3.1 Minimum thickness. The size of a surface to be built up by welding shall be indicated by showing the minimum thickness of the weld deposit to the left of the weld symbol (see Fig. 5.1(a)).
5.3.2 Unspecified thickness. Where no specific thickness of weld deposit is desired, no size dimension need be shown on the welding symbol.
5.4 EXTENT, LOCATION, AND
ORIENTA-TION OF SURFACES BUILT UP BY
WELDING.
5.4.1 Entire area. Where the entire area of a plane or curved surface is to be built up by welding, no dimension other than size (thickness of deposit) need be shown on the welding symbol (see Fig. 5.1(c)).
5.4.2 Portion of area. Where a portion of the area of a plane or curved surface is to be built up by welding, the extent, location, and orientation of the area to be built up shall be indicated on the drawing (see Fig. 5.1(d)).
5.5 SURFACING A WELD FACE. Where it is desired to show a subsequent surfacing operation over another weld, the multiple reference line concept may be used with a fillet weld or butt weld as the first operation and the surfacing operation the second (see Fig. 5.2, and also Clause 2.3.17).
Fig. 5.1. AP PLICATION OF SUR FACING SYM BO L TO INDICA TE SU RFAC ES BU ILT UP BY WELDING
SECTION 6. SYMBOLS FOR FLANGE WELDING
6.1 GENERAL. Flange welding symbols shall be used to indicate joints in light gauge metal involving the flanging of the edges to be joined.
6.2 EDGE-FLANGE WELDS. Edge-flange welds shall be shown by the edge-flange weld symbol. (This symbol has no both sides significance.) (See Fig. 6.1.)
6.3 CORNER-FLANGE WELDS.
6.3.1 Joint detailed. Where the corner-flange weld is detailed, this shall be shown by the corner-flange weld symbol. (This symbol has no both sides significance.) (See Fig. 6.2.)
6.3.2 Joint not detailed. Where the corner-flange joint is not detailed, there shall be a break in the arrow to show which member is flanged (see Fig. 6.3).
Fig. 6.3. CO RN ER -FLANG E JOINT (NO T DE TAILED )
6.4 DIMENSIONS OF FLANGE WELDS.
6.4.1 Location. Dimensions of flange welds shall be located on the same side of the reference line as the weld symbol (see Fig. 6.5, and also Fig. 6.4).
Fig. 6.5. LOCA TION OF DIME NS IONS
6.4.2 Radius and height. The radius and the height above the point of tangency shall be indicated by showing both the radius and the height, separated by a plus sign, and placed to the left of the weld symbol. The radius and the height shall read in that order from left to right along the reference line. (See Fig. 6.6, and also fig. 6.4)
Fig. 6.6. RA DIUS AN D HE IGHT INDICA TION
6.4.3 Weld thickness. The thickness of flange welds shall be shown by a dimension placed outward of the flange demensions (see Fig. 6.7, and also Fig. 6.4).
Fig. 6.7. WE LD THICK NE SS IND ICATION
6.4.4 Root opening. The root opening of flange welds shall not be shown on the welding symbol. If it is desired to specify the root opening, it shall be shown on the drawing.
6.5 MULTIPLE-JOINT FLANGE WELDS. For flange welds, where one or more pieces are inserted between the two outer pieces, the symbol used for the two outer pieces shall be used regardless of the number of pieces inserted (see Fig. 6.4(b) and (c)).
SECTION 7. SYMBOLS FOR PLUG WELDING
7.1 GENERAL
7.1.1 Arrow side holes. Holes in the arrow side member of a joint to be plug welded shall be indicated by placing the weld symbol on the side of the reference line toward the reader (see Fig. 7.1(a)). 7.1.2 Other side holes. Holes in the other side member of a joint to be plug welded shall be indicated by placing the weld symbol on the side of the reference line away from the reader (see Fig. 7.1(b)). 7.1.3 Dimensions. Dimensions of plug welds shall be shown on the same side of the reference line as the weld symbol (see Fig. 7.2).
7.1.4 Fillets in holes. The plug weld symbol shall not be used to designate fillet welds in holes (see Clause 3.8).
7.2 SIZE OF PLUG WELDS. The size of a plug weld shall be shown to the left of the weld symbol (see Fig. 7.2(a)).
7.3 ANGLE OF COUNTERSINK. Included angle of countersink of plug welds shall be shown on the symbol (see Fig. 7.2(b)).
7.4 DEPTH OF FILLING. Unless otherwise indicated, the depth of filling of plug welds shall be complete. Where the depth of filling is less than complete, it shall be shown inside the weld symbol. (See Fig. 7.2(c).)
7.5 SPACING OF PLUG WELDS. Pitch (centre-to-centre) of plug welds shall be shown to the right of the weld symbol (see Fig. 7.2(d)).
7.6 SURFACE CONTOUR OF PLUG WELDS. 7.6.1 Flush welds without finishing. Plug welds that are to be welded approximately flush without recourse to any method of finishing shall be shown by adding the flush contour symbol to the weld symbol (see Fig. 7.3).
Fig. 7.3. FLUS H CO NTOU R WITHO UT ME CH AN ICAL ME AN S
7.6.2 Flush welds mechanically finished. Plug welds that are to be made flush by mechanical means shall be shown by adding both the flush contour symbol and the required finish symbol to the weld symbol (see Fig. 7.4 and Clause 2.3.10).
Fig. 7.4. FLUS H CO NTOU R BY MEC HA NICA L ME AN S
SECTION 8. SYMBOLS FOR SLOT WELDING NOTE: This Secti on applies only to slot welds which are
part iall y or completely fi ll ed. For fil let welds in slots, see Clause 3.8.
8.1 GENERAL
8.1.1 Arrow side slots. Slots in the arrow side member of a joint to be slot welded shall be indicated by placing the weld symbol on the side of the reference line toward the reader (see Fig. 8.1(a)). 8.1.2 Other side slots. Slots in the other side member of a joint to be slot welded shall be indicated by placing the weld symbol on the side of the reference line away from the reader (see Fig. 8.1(b)). 8.1.3 Dimensions. Dimensions of slot welds shall be shown on the same side of the reference line as the weld symbol (see Fig. 8.2).
8.2 DEPTH OF FILLING. Unless otherwise indicated, the depth of filling of slot welds shall be complete. Where the depth of filling is less than complete, the depth of filling shall be shown inside the weld symbol. (See Fig. 8.2(b).)
8.3 DETAILS OF SLOT WELDS. Length, width, spacing, included angle of countersink, orientation, and location of slot welds cannot be shown on the welding symbol. These data shall be shown on the drawing or by a detail with a reference thereto on the welding symbol, in accordance with the location conventions given in Clause 2.3.1. (See Fig. 8.2.)
Note: See drawing for dimensions and ori entati on.
(a) Arrow side slot weld symbol
Note: See drawing for dimensions and ori entati on.
(b) Other side slot weld symbol
8.4 SURFACE FINISH AND CONTOUR OF SLOT WELDS.
8.4.1 Flush welds without mechanical means. Slot welds that are to be welded approximately flush without recourse to any method of finishing shall be shown by adding the flush contour symbol to the weld symbol (see Fig. 8.3).
Fig. 8.3. FLUS H CO NTOU R WITHOU T ME CH AN ICAL ME AN S
8.4.2 Flush welds mechanically finished. Slot welds that are to be made flush by mechanical means shall be shown by adding both the flush contour symbol and the required finish symbol to the weld symbol (see Fig. 8.4 and Clause 2.3.10).
Fig. 8.4. FLUS H CO NTOU R WITH ME CH AN ICAL ME AN S
SECTION 9. SYMBOLS FOR SPOT WELDING
9.1 GENERAL.
9.1.1 Arrow side significance The spot weld symbol, in accordance with its location in relation to the reference line, may or may not have arrow side or other side significance, depending on the process used.
9.1.2 Dimension location. Dimensions shall be shown on the same side of the reference line as the symbol, or on either side where the symbol is located astride the reference line and has no arrow side or other side significance (see Fig. 9.1, and also Fig. 9.2).
9.1.3 Process reference. The process reference shall be indicated in the tail of the welding symbol (see Clause 2.3.4.4).
9.1.4 Projection welds. Where projection welding is to be employed the spot weld symbol shall be used with the projection welding process reference in the tail of the welding symbol. The spot weld symbol shall be centred above or below (not on) the reference line to designate in which member the embossment is placed, in accordance with the location conventions given in Clause 2.3.1.
9.2 SIZE AND STRENGTH OF SPOT WELDS. Spot welds shall be dimensioned by either size or strength as follows:
(a) Size. The size of spot welds shall be designated as the diameter of the weld, and shall be shown to the left of the weld symbol (see Fig. 9.3(a)).
(b) Strength. The strength of spot welds shall be designated in Newtons per spot, and shall be shown to the left of the weld symbol (see Fig. 9.3(b)).
9.3 SPACING OF SPOT WELDS. The pitch (centre-to-centre spacing) of spot welds shall be shown to the right of the weld symbol (see Fig. 9.3(c)).
9.4 EXTENT OF SPOT WELDING. Where spot welding extends less than the distance between abrupt changes in the direction of the welding, or less than the full length of the joint (see Clause 2.3.8), the extent shall be dimensioned (see Fig. 9.3(d)).
9.5 NUMBER OF SPOT WELDS. Where a
definite number of spot welds is desired in a certain joint, the number shall be shown in parentheses either above or below the weld symbol (see Fig. 9.4, and also Fig. 9.3(e)).
Fig. 9.1 DIMEN SION LOCA TION FOR SPO T WE LD
(a) Diameter of spot weld
(b) Shear strength of spot weld
(d) Extend of spot welding
(e) Specif ied number of spot weld located at random
(f ) Spot weld symbol showing use of combined dimensions
9.6 GROUPED SPOT WELDS. A group of spot welds may be located on a drawing by intersecting centrelines, with the arrows pointing to at least one of the centrelines passing through each weld location (see Fig. 9.5).
9.7 FLUSH SPOT WELDED JOINTS. Where the exposed surface of either member of a spot welded joint is to be flush, that surface shall be indicated by
adding the flush contour symbol to the weld symbol, in accordance with the location conventions given in Clause 2.3.1 (see Fig. 9.6).
9.8 MULTIPLE-JOINT SPOT WELDS. For spot welds, where one or more pieces are inserted between the two outer pieces, the same symbol as for the two outer pieces shall be used regardless of the number of pieces inserted.
Fig. 9.5. GR OU PE D SPO T WELDS
SECTION 10. SYMBOLS FOR SEAM WELDING
10.1 GENERAL
10.1.1 Arrow side significance. The seam weld symbol, in accordance with its location in relation to the reference line, may or may not have arrow side or other side significance, depending on the process used.
10.1.2 Dimensions. Dimensions shall be shown on the same side of the reference line as the symbol, or on either side where the symbol is located astride the reference line and has no arrow side or other side significance (see Fig. 10.1, and also Fig. 10.2.)
Fig. 10.1. DIME NS IONING SE AM WE LD
10.1.3 Process reference. The process reference shall be indicated in the tail of the welding symbol.
NOTE: For symbols relati ng to process, see Appendix A.
10.2 SIZE AND STRENGTH OF SEAM WELDS. Seam welds shall be dimensioned by either size or strength as follows:
(a) Size. The size of seam welds shall be designated as the width of the weld expressed in millimetres and shall be shown to the left of the weld symbol (see Fig. 10.3(a)).
(b) Strength. The strength of seam welds shall be designated in Newtons per millimetre and shall be shown to the left of the weld symbol (see Fig. 10.3(b)).
10.3 LENGTH OF SEAM WELDS.
10.3.1 Dimension location. The length of seam, where indicated on welding symbols, shall be shown to the right of the weld symbol (see Fig. 10.4 and also Fig. 10.3(a)).
Fig. 10.4. DIME NS ION LOC ATION FOR SE AM WE LDS
10.3.2 Abrupt changes. Where a seam weld extends the full distance between abrupt changes in the direction of the welding (see Clause 2.3.8), no length dimension need be shown on the welding symbol.
10.3.3 Specific lengths. Where a seam weld extends less than the distance between abrupt changes in the direction of the welding, or less than the full length of the joint, the extent shall be dimensioned (see Fig. 10.5, and also Fig. 10.3(c)).
Fig. 10.5. SP EC IFIC LEN GTH OF SE AM WELD
10.4 DIMENSIONING OF INTERMITTENT
SEAM WELDS.
10.4.1 Pitch distance. The pitch (centre-to-centre spacing) of intermittent seam welds shall be shown as the distance between centres of the weld increments.
10.4.2 Dimension location. The pitch (centre-to-centre spacing) of intermittent seam welds shall be shown to the right of the length dimension (see Fig. 10.6, and also Fig. 10.3(a)).
Fig. 10.6. DIME NS ION LOC ATION FOR INTERM ITTENT SEA M WELDS
10.5 ORIENTATION OF SEAM WELDS. 10.5.1 Intermittent welds. Unless otherwise indicated, intermittent seam welds shall be interpreted as having length and pitch measured parallel to the axis of the weld (see Fig. 10.3(a)). 10.5.2 Showing orientation. Where the orientation of seam welds is not as in Clause 10.5.1, a detailed drawing shall be used to show the weld orientation (see Fig. 10.7).
Fig. 10.7. OR IENTATION OF SEA M WELD
10.6 FLUSH SEAM WELDED JOINTS. Where the exposed surface of either member of a seam welded joint is to be flush, that surface shall be indicated by adding the flush contour symbol to the weld symbol, in accordance with the location conventions given in Clause 2.3.1 (see Fig. 10.8).
10.7 MULTIPLE-JOINT SEAM WELDS. For seam welds, where one or more pieces are inserted between the two outer pieces, the symbol used for the two outer pieces shall be used regardless of the number of pieces inserted.
SECTION 11. SYMBOLS FOR BRAZED JOINTS
11.1 GENERAL. Application of conventional welding symbols to brazed joints shall be as illustrated in Fig. 11.1. Figs 11.1(a) to (e) show how joint clearances can be indicated.
11.2 JOINT PREPARATION. If no special joint preparation other than cleaning is required, only the arrow shall be used with the brazing process indicated in the tail (see Fig. 11.2).
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f )
(g)
SECTION 12. SYMBOLS FOR NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION
12.1 BASIC SYMBOLS.
12.1.1 Basic examination symbols. Basic non-destructive examination symbols shall be as follows:
Type of examination Symbol
Acoustic emission AEE
Eddy current EE
Leak LE
Magnetic particle ME
Neutron radiographic NRE
Penetrant PE
Proof PRE
Radiographic RE
Ultrasonic UE
Visual VE
12.1.2 Elements of the examination symbol. The examination symbol consists of the following elements:
Reference line
Arrow
Basic examination symbol Examine-all-around symbol Number of tests (N) Examination in site
Tail
Specification or other reference
12.1.3 Standard location of elements. The elements of an examination symbol shall have standard locations with respect to each other as shown in Fig. 12.1.
12.2 GENERAL PROVISIONS.
12.2.1 Location significance of arrow. The arrow shall connect the reference line to the part to be examined. The side of the part to which the arrow points shall be considered the arrow side of the part. The side opposite the arrow side of the part shall be considered the other side.
12.2.2 Location of examination symbol.
12.2.2.1 Arrow side location. Examinations to be made on the arrow side of the part shall be indicated by the examination symbol on the side of the reference line towards the reader (see Fig. 12.2).
Fig. 12.2. EX AM INATIONS ON AR RO W SIDE
12.2.2.2 Other side location. Examinations to be made on the other side of the part shall be indicated by the examination symbol on the side of the reference line away from the reader (see Fig. 12.3).
Fig. 12.3. EX AM INATIONS ON OTHE R SIDE
12.2.2.3 Symbols on both sides. Examinations to be made on both sides of the part shall be indicated by examination symbols on both sides of the reference line (see Fig. 12.4).
Fig. 12.4. EX AM INATIONS ON BO TH SIDE S
12.2.2.4 Centred symbols. Where non-destructive examination symbols have no arrow or other side significance, the testing symbols shall be centred on the reference line (see Fig. 12.5).
Fig. 12.5. EX AM INATIONS WITH NO ARR OW OR OTHE R SIDE SIGN IFICAN CE
12.2.3 Direction of radiation. Where specified , the direction of radiation may be shown in conjunction with the radiographic and neutral radiographic examination symbols. The direction of radiation may be indicated by a symbol located on the drawing at the desired angle (see Fig. 12.6).
12.2.4 Combination of non-destructive examination symbols and welding symbols.
12.2.4.1 Welding and non-destructive examination symbols. Non-destructive examination symbols and welding symbols may be combined as shown in Fig. 12.7.
Fig. 12.7. EX AM PLES OF COM BINA TION OF WE LD SY MB OLS AND NO N-DE STRU CTIVE EXA MINA TION
SY MB OLS
12.2.4.2 Non-destructive examination symbols alone. Non-destructive examination symbols may be combined as shown in Fig. 12.8.
Fig. 12.8. EX AM PLES OF COM BINA TION OF SY MB OLS FOR NO N-DE STRU CTIVE EXA MINA TION
ALON E
12.2.4.3 Arrow side significance. Where a non-destructive examination symbol having no arrow or other side significance is combined with a symbol having such significance, the examination symbols may be combined (see Fig. 12.9).
Fig. 12.9. EX AM PLES OF COM BINA TION OF SY MB OLS WITH AR RO W SIDE SIGN IFICAN CE AN D
NO AR RO W OR OTHER SIDE SIGN IFICAN CE
12.2.5 Use of references. Specifications or other references need not be used on examination symbols where the examination procedure is prescribed
elsewhere. Where a specification or other reference is used with an examination symbol, the reference shall be placed in the tail (see Fig. 12.10).
Fig. 12.10. US E OF RE FERE NC ES
12.3 METHODS OF SPECIFYING EXTENT OF NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION.
12.3.1 Specifying length of section to be examined.
12.3.1.1 Length shown. To specify examinations of welds on parts where only the length of a section need be considered, the length shall be shown to the right of the basic examination symbol (see Fig. 12.11).
Fig. 12.11. SH OWING LEN GTH OF SEC TION TO BE EX AM INED
12.3.1.2 Location shown. To show the exact location of a section to be examined as well as its length, dimension lines shall be used (see Fig. 12.12).
Fig. 12.12. SH OWING LOC ATION OF SE CTION TO BE EXA MINE D
12.3.1.3 Examination of full length. Where the full length of a part is to be examined, no length dimension need be shown on the examination symbol.
12.3.1.4 Partial examination. Where less than the total length of a weld is to be examined with locations to be selected by a specified procedure, the percentage of the length to be examined shall be indicated (see Fig. 12.13).
12.3.2 Specifying number of examinations. To specify a number of examinations to be taken on a joint or part at random locations, the number of desired examinations shall be shown in parentheses (see Fig. 12.14).
Fig. 12.14. SHO WING NU MB ER OF EX AM INATIONS
12.3.3 Specifying examinations made all around a joint. To specify examinations to be made all around a joint, the examine-all-around symbol shall be used (see Fig. 12.15).
Fig. 12.15. EX AM INE-ALL-AR OU ND
12.3.4 Specifying examination of parts (areas). Non-destructive examination of parts (areas) shall be indicated by one of the following methods:
(a) Plane areas. For non-destructive examination of an area represented as a plane on the drawing, the area to be examined shall be enclosed by straight broken lines having a circle at each change of direction. The examination symbol specifying the kind of non-destructive examination shall be used in connection with these lines as shown in Fig. 12.16. Where necessary, these enclosures shall be located by coordinate dimensions.
Fig. 12.16. PLAN E ARE AS
(b) Areas of revolution. For non-destructive examination of areas of revolution, the area shall be indicated by using the examine-all-around symbol and appropriate dimensions. On Fig. 12.17(a), the upper
symbol indicates that the bore of the flange is to be subjected to a magnetic particle examination for a distance of 80 mm from the face, all the way around. The lower symbol indicates an area of revolution to be subjected to radiographic examination where dimensions are not available on drawing.
The symbols on Fig. 12.17(b) indicate an area of revolution subject to an internal proof test and an external eddy current examination. Since no dimensions are given, the entire length is to be examined.
(a) Dimensions specifi ed
(b) Dimensions not specif ied
Fig. 12.17. AR EA S OF RE VO LUTION
12.3.5 Acoustic emission. Acoustic emission is generally applied to all or a large portion of a component, such as a pressure vessel or pipe. The symbol indicates application of AEE to the component without specific reference to location of sensors (see Fig. 12.18).
APPENDIX A
ABBREVIATIONS OF TERMS FOR WELDING AND ALLIED PROCESSES
TABLE A1
DESIGNATION OF WELDING AND ALLIED PROCESSES BY LETTERS
Welding and all ied process designationLett er
Arc welding AW
carbon-arc welding CAW electr ogas welding EGW fl ux cored arc welding FCAW gas metal arc welding GMAW gas tungsten arc welding GTAW manual metal arc welding MMAW plasma arc welding PAW
stud welding SW
submerged arc welding SAW
Brazing B dip brazing DB fl ame brazing FLB furnace brazing FB induction brazing IB resistance brazing RB silver brazing SB
Other welding processes
electr on-beam welding EBW electr oslag welding ESW
induction welding IW
laser- beam welding LBW
thermit welding TW
oxy-acetylene welding OAW
Resistance welding RW
high fr equency resistance welding HFRW percussion welding PEW projecti on welding RPW resistance seam welding RSEW resistance spot welding RSW
Soldering S dip solderi ng DS furnace solderi ng FS induction solderi ng IS ir on soldering INS resistance soldering RS Soli d state welding SSW diff usion welding DFW explosion welding EXW
forge welding FOW
fr icti on welding FRW hot pressure welding HPW
roll welding ROW
ultr asonic welding USW
Thermal cutt ing TC
air arc gouging AAG
arc cutti ng AC
carbon-arc cutt ing CAC
fl ame gouging FG
gas metal arc cutti ng GMAC metal- arc cutti ng MAC plasma arc cutt ing PAC electr on-beam cutt ing EBC laser- beam cutti ng LBC oxy-fuel gas cutti ng OFC oxygen-arc cutti ng AOC
Thermal spraying THSP
fl ame spraying FLSP
TABLE A2
ALPHABETICAL CROSS-REFERENCE TO TABLE A1
Lett er
designation Welding and all ied processes
AAG air arc gouging AC arc cutti ng AOC oxygen-arc cutti ng AW arc welding B brazing
CAC carbon-arc cutt ing CAW carbon-arc welding DB dip brazing DFW diff usion welding DS dip solderi ng EBC electr on-beam cutt ing EBW electr on-beam welding EGW electr ogas welding ESW electr oslag welding EXW explosion welding FB furnace brazing FG fl ame gouging FCAW fl ux cored arc welding FLB fl ame brazing FLSP fl ame spraying FOW forge welding FRW fr icti on welding FS furnace solderi ng GMAC gas metal arc cutti ng GMAW gas metal arc welding GTAW gas tungsten arc welding HFRW high fr equency resistance welding HPW hot pressure welding
IB induction brazing INS ir on soldering IS induction solderi ng IW induction welding LBC laser- beam cutti ng LBW laser- beam welding MAC metal- arc welding MMAW manual metal arc welding OAW oxy-acetylene welding OFC oxy-fuel gas cutti ng PAC plasma arc cutt ing PAW plasma arc welding PEW percussion welding PSP plasma spraying RB resistance brazing RPW projecti on welding RS resistance soldering RSEW resistance seam welding RSW resistance spot welding ROW roll welding
RW resistance welding S soldering
SAW submerged arc welding SB silver brazing SSW soli d state welding SW stud welding TC thermal cutti ng THSP thermal spraying TW thermit welding USW ultr asonic welding
