Essential Oil Beginners Guide

ESSENTIAL OILS

BEGINNERS GUIDE

Essential Oil Chemistry - Why Aroma Matters

An Easy Primer on Essential Oil Chemistry, and Why Good

Chemistry Means Good Aromas

Yet if you're interested at all in the therapeutic use of essential oils, a little primer on their

chemistry can be very useful. Not only will you better understand how and why essential oils

work, but the great importance of using natural, high-quality oils - oils that are pure, properly

distilled, AND smell nice - will be made clear.

It's not just an aromatherapy sales pitch; essential oils with exceptional bouquets have different

chemical make-ups than flat or otherwise uninteresting oils. The differences can significantly

affect the healing potency of therapeutic applications for you, your family and/or your clients.

Much of the time, you can discern the difference of therapeutic value between two oils just by

their aroma - one needn't always have the proof of fancy, expensive machines to make an

educated choice.

Essential Oils Defined

So, why are essential oils called 'oils' anyway? They don't feel greasy, and they tend to evaporate

completely, unlike common 'fixed' oils (such as olive, grapeseed, hazelnut and the like).

Essential oils and fixed oils share a similar chemical foundation: their structures are based on the

linking of carbon and hydrogen atoms in various configurations. But this is really where the

similarity ends.

Fixed oils are made up of molecules comprised of three long chains of carbon atoms bound

together at one end, called a triglyceride. Every fixed oil is made up of just a few different

triglyceride arrangements - olive oil, for example, is primarily made up of oleic, linoleic and

linolenic acids (the names of particular carbon-hydrogen chains forming the triglycerides). Their

long-chain shape holds them in a liquid state which does not easily evaporate.

Essential oils are 'volatile' oils - oils that DO easily evaporate. Their chains of carbon atoms to

which the hydrogens attach are not as long or heavy, and are much more complex. Many

essential oil structures are not really chains, but ring, or multi-ringed shapes with diverse

sub-units - called 'functional groups' - sticking out in various directions.

Like their fixed oil counterparts, essential oils are lipophillic - meaning 'fat liking'. The fat-liking

nature of both fixed and essential oils makes them easily absorbed by our bodies. Because of

their typically smaller structures however, essential oils are absorbed more rapidly than fixed

oils, and can easily penetrate deep into the body. Despite their plant origins, this lipophillic

nature of essential oils makes their profound healing action on the human body possible.

The Importance of Functional Groups

Most of the therapeutic activity of an essential oil can be attributed to the functional groups of

the individual chemicals that make up the oil. There can be over a hundred identifiable molecules

in one essential oil. Each of these molecules, as mentioned earlier, is a chain or ring (or

multiple-ring) structure of carbon atoms linked together with hydrogen atoms bonded to them in various

configurations.

Every chain or ring has a functional group attached - a functional group is defined by Salvatore

Battaglia in 'The Complete Guide to Aromatherapy' as: "a single atom or group of atoms

that...has a profound influence upon the properties of the molecule as a whole. It is often referred

to as the chemically active center of the molecule".

As you can see, essential oils are really very complex in their chemical nature. There are nearly

infinite possibilities of functional group and ring or chain combinations. And ONE essential oil

alone can be made up of HUNDREDS of these different molecular arrangements. Don't worry,

though!

While it sounds complex, one needn't know all the precise chemical details to use essential oils

therapeutically. When selecting between varieties of an essential oil, It IS helpful to know that

any particularly oil is often composed of one or more primary molecular forms, with many minor

or 'trace' constituents, and that ALL these molecules contribute to the oil's aroma and therapeutic

action.

There are eight major classes of aromatic molecules defined by their functional groups. Briefly,

along with primary therapeutic actions and a few example oils, these are:

Monoterpene Alcohols - antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, both stimulating and sedative with

Sesquiterpene Alcohols - varying properties including inflammatory, antiviral and

anti-carcinogenic; found in Frankincense, Sandalwood, Vetiver, Cedar, Carrot Seed and Spikenard.

Aldehydes - antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, disinfectant, sedative in low doses, known for

their bright, fresh aromas; found in Citronella, Lemongrass and Lemon.

Esters - antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, calming and sedative with fruity and

floral aromas; found in Roman Chamomile, Lavender and Geranium. Generally very safe,

although methyl salicylate, an ester found in Wintergreen, should only be used in very low doses.

Ethers - antispasmodic, analgesic, antimicrobial - to be used in moderation, large doses can be

dangerous; found in Clove, Anise, Fennel, and the Methyl Chavicol type Basil.

Ketones - Anticatarrhal, regenerative, analgesic, some are known toxins where others are

completely safe. Oils such as wormwood and mugwort should not be used, but Helichrysum is

exceptionally healing and safe, and Rosemary Verbenone is used for its regenerative properties.

Oxides - expectorant, stimulant. Includes 1,8-Cineol, found in Eucalyptus and Rosemary.

Phenols - Strongly antimicrobial, stimulants to the immune and nervous system, irritating to

mucous membranes; found in Thyme and Oregano. Non-irritating varieties are found in Fennel

and Tarragon.

Factors Affecting An Oil's Chemical Makeup

Many factors in an essential oil's production affect the total number and relative amounts of

individual chemicals found in the final product. These include where the plant was grown, soil

and climate conditions, time of harvest, distillation equipment, plus the time, temperature and

pressure of distillation. This can give you an idea as to why two varieties of the same oil can

smell so different: The full, beautiful bouquet of a fine essential oil will contain a myriad of

notes, telling you that all natural components are present and in balanced amounts. Poorly

distilled oils may lose some of the secondary constituents during production, and adulterated or

synthetic oils may not have some of the trace components at all, detectable by your nose as a flat

or uninteresting aroma.

The Chemistry of Lavender as an Example

To best understand this, we'll examine Lavender essential oil; more than fifty individual

molecules have been identified in pure lavender essential oil. The aromatherapist must remember

that ALL of these chemicals found in pure and natural lavender oil work together to produce a

therapeutic effect. For example, the linalool molecule is antiviral and antibacterial; the linalyl

acetate is also emotionally calming; other major components including cineol, limonene, pinene

and others are all noted for specific biologic and aromatic activity. It is the combined, balanced,

synergistic action of these chemicals that make pure, high-quality lavender such a great healer.

No one chemical can be singled out and used to give the same profound results as the complete

pure essential oil.

So how is this synergy reflected in Lavender's aroma? Each of these chemicals has a unique

smell; some are sweet, some are camphorous, some citrusy and some herbaceous. It is all these

chemicals together, a precise amount of each, that gives each lavender variety its distinct aroma.

And your nose knows this! One can tell the difference between a well-made, complex lavender

oil with many notes within the aroma, and one that is flat or plain, which may be chemically

imbalanced or missing some trace constituents. One can easily tell the difference, for example,

between common Lavendula officinalis, and the finer Lavendula angustifolia, which contains a

higher proportion of sweet-smelling linalyl acetate and less sharp-smelling camphor. Further,

lower quality lavender plants may occasionally be sprayed with linalool before harvest to

enhance the production of linalyl acetate by the flowers. While the end-product may smell

sweeter, the process actually creates an imbalance in the overall healing synergy of the primary

and trace molecules. All these oils will be labeled 'Lavender' on the store shelf, yet the finer,

natural lavender will have a more beautiful, balanced aromatic bouquet, and is considered the

most holistically healing variety by the world's leading aromatherapy practitioners.

High-Grade Essential Oils: Your Nose Knows the Differnece

This of course is not true of only lavender essential oil. All essential oils are subject to similar

variations in production methods or the manipulation of their molecular make-ups through the

addition of synthetic chemicals. For the most therapeutic benefit, it is always best to use true,

carefully-made essential oils. To do this, find a source that is dedicated to supplying only the

highest grades of oils. Examine their product's aromatic quality and business practices and so

that you are comfortable with their dedication to your health, not just their bottom line. Listen to

your intuition and your own nose; they won't lie to you! With experience, your ability to discern

between subtly different grades of oils will become more astute. With even more education and

skill, you'll start to recognize individual chemicals within an oils aroma, and make the best

decisions as to which oils will have the most profound therapeutic affects for you, your family,

or in your professional practice.

Making Essential Oils - Steam Distillation, CO2's and

Absolutes

Aromatherapy Goes 'High Tech' - New methods of essential oil extraction are entering the mainstream of aromatherapy, offering new choices in oils never before available.

With the new labels of 'CO2' and 'SCO2', along with the traditional 'steam' and 'hydro'

distillations, 'absolutes', and 'cold pressing', a little education for the aromatherapy enthusiast can

go a long way in essential oil selection. Is one process better than another? Does one produce a

nicer smelling oil, or one with greater aromatherapeutic value? It turns out that essential oil

production, like wine making, is an art form as well as a science. The value of the newer

processing methods depends greatly on the experience of the distiller, as well as the intended

application of the final product. Each method is important, and has it's place in the making of

aromatherapy-grade essential oils.

Steam and Hydro Distillation

Steam distillation, the most common method of essential oil production, involves the flow of

steam into a chamber holding the raw plant material. The steam causes small sacs containing

essential oil to burst. The oil is then carried by the steam out of the chamber and into a chilled

condenser, where the steam once again becomes water. (Hydro-distillation is a similar process

where the plant material is boiled, with the resultant steam being captured and condensed). The

oil and water are then separated; the water, referred to as a 'hydrosol', can be retained as it will

have some of the plant essence. Rose hydrosol, for example, is commonly used for it's mild

antiseptic and soothing properties, as well as it's pleasing floral aroma.

A number of factors determine the final quality of a steam distilled essential oil. Aside from

the plant material itself, most important are time, temperature and pressure, and the quality of the

distillation equipment. Essential oils are very complex products; each is made up of many,

sometimes hundreds, of distinct molecules which come together to form the oil's aroma and

therapeutic properties. Some of these molecules are fairly delicate structures which can be

altered or destroyed by adverse environmental conditions. So, much like a fine meal is more

flavorful when made with patience, most oils benefit from a long, slow 'cooking' process.

The temperature of the extraction chamber cannot be too high, lest some components of

the oil be altered or destroyed.The same is true of the chamber's pressure. Lavender essential

oil, for example, should not be processed at over 245 degrees F and three pounds per square inch

of pressure (3 psi). Higher temperatures and/or pressures result in a 'harsh' aroma – more

chemical than floral – and lessen the oil's therapeutic effects. Also, the extraction period must be

allowed to continue for a certain period of time in order to flush ALL the oil's components from

the plant, as some are released more quickly than others.

Despite the drawbacks of aggressive processing, high temperatures and pressures are often used

to produces large quantities of oil in a short period of time. These oils are usually destined for

use in cosmetic and processed food manufacturing, but are sometimes sold to final consumers as

essential oils for use in aromatherapy. These oils will be less expensive, but are of limited

therapeutic value, and the difference is apparent when the aromas are compared side-by-side.

Absolutes

Some plants, and particularly flowers, do not lend themselves to steam distilling. They are

too delicate, or their fragrance and therapeutic essences cannot be completely released by water

alone. These oils will be produced as 'absolutes' – and while not technically considered essential

oils they can still be of therapeutic value. Jasmine oil and Rose oil in particular are delicate

flowers who's oils are often found in 'absolute' form.

The processing of an absolute first involves the hydrocarbon solvent extraction of a 'concrete'

from the plant material, a semi-solid mixture of typically 50% wax and 50% volatile oil. The

concrete is again processed using ethyl alcohol (the same alcohol found in beer, wine, etc.) in

which the wax is only slightly soluble. The volatile plant oil separates into the alcohol and this

mixture is removed. The alcohol is then evaporated and the result is an almost pure plant extract

– depending on the care taken in the evaporation process, sometimes 2% or less of the ethyl

alcohol may remain. The use of solvents in the extraction process notwithstanding, absolutes can

have incredibly deep and complex aromas.

CO2 Distillation Explained

Carbon Dioxide and 'Supercritical' Carbon Dioxide extraction are the latest technologies in

distilling essential oils at low temperatures. Both methods involve the use of carbon dioxide as

the 'solvent' which carries the essential oil away from the raw plant material. The lower pressure

CO2 extraction involves chilling carbon dioxide to between 35 and 55 degrees F, and pumping it

through the plant material at 1000 psi. The carbon dioxide in this condition is condensed to a

liquid. Supercritical CO2 extraction (SCO2) involves carbon dioxide heated to 87 degrees F

and pumped through the plant material at around 8,000 psi – under these conditions, the carbon

dioxide is likened to a 'dense fog' or vapor. With release of the pressure, the carbon dioxide

escapes in its natural gaseous form, leaving the pure essential oil behind. Supercritical distillation

has become the more common of the CO2 methods, though these oils are stilled labeled

CO2-distiled or CO2 extracted.

These carbon dioxide methods have a couple of advantages: Like steam distillation, there are no

solvent residues left behind, and the resultant product is perfectly pure. Like cold pressing, there

is no heat applied to the plant material or essential oil to alter it in any way. The oil produced is

very accurate with respect to the original state of the plant. CO2 distillation produces the most

therapeutic essential oil for some plants, yet not others. It is highly beneficial for resins such as

Frankincense and Myrrh, as more of the larger molecules - considered to have important healing

properties - are brought into the essential oil. 'Spice' oils like Ginger, Black Pepper and Clove are

more rich, with a bit more 'zing' or 'effervescence' to them. Many common oils are still best

steam distilled; German Chamomile for example, only produces its naturally anti-inflammate

component of chamulzine when distilled by steam. We select the best distillation method of each

oil to offer you the greatest therapeutic effects.

Cold Pressing

Finally, there is the 'cold pressing' of citrus oils from the peels of fruit, as is done with Bergamot

oil, Orange oil , Lemon oil , and the like. This method involves the simple pressing of the rind at

about 120 degrees F to extract the oil. Little, if any, alteration from the oil's original state occurs

– these citrus oils retain their bright, fresh, uplifting aromas like that of smelling a wonderfully

ripe fruit.

So What Makes The Best Essential Oil?

CO2's, with some obvious advantages, are not always the best choice for a particular need. They

still are the most expensive, despite their higher yields. The resultant product differs slightly

compared to one produced another way – the oils produced by steam distillation of some plants

may sometimes be found to have a more agreeable aroma. Patchouli oil, for example, seems to

benefit from the steam distillation process by becoming a little warmer and richer. Many other

essential oils are quite effectively produced via steam distillation, with little alteration from the

original plant state. Oils from other plant species do seem more 'complete' with CO2 processing,

with Frankincense oil and most of the 'spice' oils being good examples where a little something

special is present in the aroma. This likely translates to greater therapeutic properties.

Producing essential oils of aromatherapeutic grade is skill requiring years of experience. It takes

the work of a dedicated artesian at every step, from growing and harvesting to fine-tuning the

distillation process, to produce a truly fine oil. The making of a fine essential oil relies far more

on knowledge and experience than it does on the particular extraction method. There are,

however, legitimate reasons to select one distillation method over another – some plants simply

require a particular process to produce a fine oil, and the oil needed for a particular application

may only be made by one process. In the end, as is often the case in aromatherapy, your own

sense of smell can tell you which oil will work best for you.

Essential Oils for the Home: The Basic Care Kit

Essential Oils for the Home Medicine Chest

Essential oils provide a fantastic natural alternative to common ailments we see at home. The actions of essential oils are broad, ranging from topical antiseptics and anti-inflammatories to analgesics, digestive system tonics, and anti-depressants. While essential oils should not be a substitute for professional medical care, they can be successfully employed for many minor complaints, and as adjuncts to other therapies.

Here we will have a brief look at ten essential oils which may comprise the ‘basic home care kit’. While by no means exhaustive, this list will go a long way to providing effective (and often pleasant!) treatments for you and your family for things like cuts and scrapes, sunburn, digestive troubles, stress related conditions and more. In the second article, we will cover specific applications and uses of each oil.

When first examined for it’s antiseptic properties, Tea Tree essential oil was found to be 100 times more powerful than carbolic acid – the medical standard at the time. Tea tree has an extremely broad range of antibiotic, antiviral and antifungal properties that have been confirmed by modern scientific research. Often used topically on small wounds, Tea Tree is also commonly found in oral hygiene

preparations, and can also be effectively employed for Candida, athlete’s foot and acne, among other things.

Oil #2: Lavender Essential Oil

Lavender has often been called the ‘medicine chest in a bottle’ for its broad range of applications. Every home should keep Lavender on hand, even if no other oil is used, as it is so very effective on burns. It’s anti-inflammatory action is responsible for the beginnings of modern aromatherapy, as Dr. Jean Valnet discovered

Lavender’s healing properties after being burned in a laboratory accident. Lavender is considered to speed wound healing and reduce scarring. The oil is also pleasantly calming, and can be used to reduce stress in a variety of situations – a commonly used technique is to apply Lavender oil ‘neat’ (undiluted) to the soles of the feet of patients recovering from almost any ailment.

Oil #3: Chamomile Essential Oil

Ah, the great tension reliever, Chamomile oil. This extremely gentle essential oil is useful for a wide variety of nervous conditions, and is often indicated for cases of stress in children (including teething and general ‘crankiness’). Rubbing into the solar plexus is a commonly used application if that is where one tends to ‘hold tension’. Chamomile essential oil is available in to varieties, German or Blue Chamomile and Roman Chamomile. The Roman variety is most often used for stress relief, whereas the German variety has the added bonus of being an extremely effective anti-inflammatory.

Oil #4: Peppermint Essential Oil

An excellent digestive tonic, Peppermint essential oil can sooth many stomach complaints. For the traveler, it’s effectiveness on calming motion sickness can be of great help. Further, at least eight controlled studies have shown Peppermint oil to be effective in reducing symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome, a painful condition of the intestines. Beyond it’s support of the digestive system, Peppermint is

delightfully stimulating to the mind, brightening and sharpening mental focus. Finally, Peppermint is considered by some to be a more effective insect repellent than citronella when used on the body (rather than in the surrounding air). Oil #5: Eucalyptus Essential Oil

Another essential oil with a broad range of properties, Eucalyptus is most often used for respiratory conditions, being useful in clearing congestion with coughs and colds. However, it’s effects are certainly not limited to the airways – because of it’s broad range of effects, it has been called the aromatherapists ‘designer oil’.

Eucalyptus oil can cool the body in Summer (or due to fever – use in a compress), and support the immune system in Winter. Diffusing Eucalyptus oil can kill most staphylococcus bacteria, again being supportive of bronchial infections. It is considered equally effective in cases of cystitis, candida, and sunburn, to name a few, as well as being an insect repellent.

Oil #6: Geranium Essential Oil

Geranium (sometimes known as ‘Geranium Rose’) works wonderfully on both physiological and psychological levels. It’s floral aroma is brightening and uplifting, while also working as a sedative. Malte Hozzel has made this statement regarding this oil : "Geranium’s vital, sensual presence is not subtle, but direct & unavoidable, making it one of the oils of choice for aphrodisiac qualities. (Geranium Essential Oil) inspires natural beauty & enjoyment, uplifts instantly & "tonifies" the mind &

intellect in a powerful, nearly demanding attitude. Mobilizing hidden creative & emotional reserves, helping us to rise to our own earthly & spiritual identify. A fiery beauty for the spells of all worlds." Particularly noted for it’s effect on female

physiologic conditions, Geranium oil can be effective for menopausal problems, uterine and breast complaints.

Oil #7: Rosemary Essential Oil

Rosemary essential oil is an effective physical and mental stimulant, whether used in a diffuser or in a morning bath. It’s slightly spicy, rather than floral aroma, has a warming effect particularly useful for arthritic joints and other muscular complaints. It also has a long history of treatment for colds and flu – Rosemary was a

component of ‘Four Thieves Vinegar’, which robbers rubbed upon their bodies to prevent infection when up to no good during the plague years of the middle ages. Also, Rosemary is the essential oil most often associated with improving hair growth in cases of Alopecia.

Oil #8: Thyme Essential Oil

Thyme oil is a powerful antiviral, antibiotic, antiseptic and diuretic, though it should be employed with great care. There are many types of Thyme oil available, but only the ‘linalol’ chemotype is appropriate for use with children; all varieties should be diluted prior to topical application. Given the precautions, Thyme can be a first line of defense in cases of flu, being used in a room diffuser. It also supports elimination of toxic wastes from the body (particularly noted for excessive uric acid), and it’s warming quality can eliminate mucous and phlegm. It’s application for the digestive system is that of a powerful anti-parasitic, and for the muscular system, it can be helpful for rheumatic aches and pains. Thyme oil may also be supportive in cases of hair loss.

Oil #9: Lemon Essential Oil

A recent study on test-taking college students showed the diffusion of Lemon oil into a room improved test scores more than any other oil. In addition to it’s

mind-brightening qualities, it can also disinfect room air and act as a natural deodorant. Lemon has been noted to support liver function, and is also commonly used to assist in weight loss and cellulite reduction. In blends, lemon adds a pleasant top note, and can create a synergistic effect with other oils. Finally, Lemon oil is commonly used as both a fragrance and flavoring agent.

Oil #10: Clove Essential Oil

The power of Clove essential oil is noted upon the first sensing of the aroma – it is quite strong, sharp and earthy. Clove oil has been found to be the strongest anti-oxidant of any essential oil, and is a component of ‘longevity’ formulas. It is also an extremely potent antibacterial, effective against a broader range of microbes than any other oil except perhaps Oregano – Clove oil has even been employed to sterilize surgical instruments. Clove also has analgesic properties, and can be used to temporarily reduce the pain of toothache. Clove oil (or ground cloves) is also a component of Dr. Huda Clark’s anti-parasite protocol, helping eliminate parasites from one’s digestive system. This is a very powerful oil which should be diluted to 1% or less for topical application.

So, there we have a possible ‘top ten’ essential oils for the home medicine chest, a selection with an extremely broad range of uses for common ailments seen in a family setting. It is important to note that all essential oils are powerful, and they should be treated with caution and respect. Always refer to a trusted source before making specific applications of any oil, as many can be irritating or possibly toxic if used incorrectly.

To assist you in using these oils in your home, we will examine more specific uses of each essential oil in part II of this article (coming soon). This will assist you in using these wonderful medicines of nature for you and your family.

Tarah Michelle Cech is a naturopath, and owner of Ananda Apothecary. She employs essential oils in her professional practice, finding them a safe and enjoyable component of nature's healing systems.

Essential Oils for Relieving Depression

The Wonderous Creations of Plants

A fantastic and mysterious relationship is continuously unfolding between plants and their surroundings. These organic green machines are ceaselessly performing a glorious alchemy with water, soil, air and sunlight. The nearly infinite possible combinations of plant genetics and environmental conditions on the face of the earth have allowed for an almost immeasurable diversity of alchemal floral expression, resulting in a vast array of natural botanical materials. These range from simple staple foodstuffs to gourmet fruits and vegetables, from rich exotic

spices to effective medicinal herbs, and from enchanting natural perfumes to

complex therapeutic essential oils. Mankind is reaching ever further into the jungles and rainforests, knowing that nature is the true master of creation in these fields. Plants as Medicines

The line between food-plants and medicinal herbs is a fuzzy one. Science regularly reports newfound medicinal effects in plants once taken for granted; many fruits once thought quite plain contain some of the world's most potent anti-cancer agents. The same goes for teas - green tea is one of the most potent anti-oxidants known - and spices - cinnamon may prevent the onset of debilitating diabetes - and this list continues to grow. This same lack of distinction exists between natural fragrances and therapeutic essential oils. The oil of a rose, laden with Citronellol, does triple duty as a perfume, an effective agent against the herpes simplex virus, and an uplifting aromatic that can help one open emotionally after a traumatizing experience.

Alternative Therapies

The use of so-called 'alternative' therapies is on the rise; more individuals are turning to the wisdom of nature for assistance for all types of ailments, both physical and psychological. Interestingly, the source of most ills, from a

naturopathic point of view, is being out-of-balance with nature. Eating unnatural things, following unnatural cycles,and living in unnatural environments. Lack of balance with the earth, from which we are made and upon which we live, leads to 'dis-ease' in our bodies and minds. As plants have created their wondrous botanical materials in a process guided by the rhythms of the heavens and earth, we may look to 'plant wisdom' to lead our way back into balance.

Depression and Balance

A depressed emotional state is a common reasons for using complementary and alternative therapies today. A wide range of psychological, physical, and energetic issues can lead to feelings of depression and a pervasive outlook of negativity. Moreover, once in a state of depression, patterns can arise that make relief all the more difficult to find. The use of essential oils for uplifting the psyche and spirit is becoming more widespread because of the oils' broad and dramatic effects. While the oils themselves may not directly affect the underlying cause of depression, they may help individuals break free from depressive cycles – they may provide the impetus to 'get off the couch', so to speak, and begin creating long lasting change. Many natural healers believe depression to be a result of, like many other ills, of being out of balance; being unable to 'synch up' with the natural state of harmony that permeates the universe. For relieving this is-harmony, aromatherapy can be a very powerful means to infuse one's body and mind with the most concentrated, sublime botanicals nature has to offer.

In humans, the olfactory (sense of smell) region is an area of about 2 and a half square centimeters, and is located in each of the two nasal cavities between and below the eyes. Containing approximately fifty million primary sensory receptor cells, this region is highly intricate, being 10,000 times more perceptive than the sense of taste. When compared to sight, we find that olfaction is more complex – it is able to distinguish a nearly infinite number of element compounds at very low concentrations. In order to perceive the visible spectrum, humans use only three types of photoreceptors; in contrast, the sense of smell relies on several hundred distinct classes of receptors.

The Direct Effect on the Brain

Modern research has shown natural plant oils stimulate multiple regions in the brain, including those controlling endocrine, immune, and limbic (emotional center) functions. Essential oils have a direct and profound effect on the deepest levels of the body, emotions, and psyche. Through inhalation, essential oils have a strong and immediate influence. Passing through the capillary beds of the sinuses and activating the olfactory nerves, volatile plant oils enter the brain, producing direct and powerful systemic effects – the most immediate being on the emotions. Our emotions and our sense of smell have very strong ties – perhaps more than with any other of the other four senses.

Oils in Traditional Medicine Systems

In both Naturopathy and Ayurvedic Medicine (The Science of Life), essential oils are considered to enhance the flow of prana (essential life force), enhance and nourish ojas (sustaining energy and immunological essence), and brighten tejas (clarity and mental luminosity). In Traditional Chinese Medicine, essential oils in general are medicines for the Shen, the spiritual essence that resides in the heart and guides and governs consciousness. Used consciously, essential oils powerfully enhance positive mental and emotional states.

Further, the medicinal properties of essential oils, through their ability to support physiological healing, can also be of great benefit to the heart and mind. A Korean study on the effect of aromatherapy on pain in patients with arthritis found that receiving massage with lavender, marjoram, eucalyptus, rosemary, and peppermint oils significantly decreased both the pain AND mental depression levels.

Essential Oils for Uplifting the Spirit

Following are some oils that have a reputation for up-lifting Shen, enhancing prana, nourishing ojas, and brightening tejas - combinations that may have marked effects on symptoms of depression. These oils can be used alone or in combination in a nebulizing diffuser (producing a fine mist of oils for inhalation), or in aromatherapy massage, thereby inhaled and absorbed through the skin concurrently.

Bergamot (pressed from the peels of bitter oranges) has a strong reputation for its ability to gently uplift. In terms of Chinese medicine, this is a direct result of its

smoothing the flow of Liver-Qi ('Chi' or Life Force), the liver being thought of as the seat of the eternal soul. Bergamot combines the ability to both relax the nerves and refresh the Spirit; it is suitable for many types of depressive states.

Neroli (from the flower of bitter oranges), like Bergamot, regulates the Qi - and like Jasmine flower oil, comforts the mind and heart. Neroli is called for at a core level, for the type of depression that comes from nervous and emotional

exhaustion. Neroli uplifts the mind and Spirit with its potential to nourish and unify. Neroli assists in retrieving and releasing repressed emotions, with potential to nourish and unify a fragmented psyche. Neroli is specifically indicated for individuals who, in order to escape from emotional pain and suffering, cut themselves off from their feelings and senses.

The Chamomiles (German and Roman) are wonderful oils to use when the depression manifests in a moody, irritable, dissatisfied outward expression

associated with stagnant Liver-Qi. These flower oils are earthy, rich, and grounding with subtle uplifting qualities.

When depression is of a Fire (overly aggressive) nature, it often involves an imbalance of joy and love - the root emotions of the heart and mind. Joy is an extension of Shen’s (spiritual essence's) innate sense of harmony and perfection, an experience of emotional and spiritual well-being. The depression that afflicts the heart and Shen involves a loss of one’s natural sense of joy. There is often an accompanied lack of enthusiasm and interest as well as an inability to become inspired. Rose otto – steam distilled rose essential oil – or Rose Absolute may have a profound effect on this state. Rose is thought the premier heart opening aromatic, bringing joy, uplifting and restoring balance.

What follows are a few recipes for uplifting and releasing depressed emotional states – use your intuition to find the right one. Often, the single essential oil or blend you find most attractive will be the one that serves you best. Experiment, explore, and have fun with these fantastic gifts of nature. These blends may be used in a diffuser or candle lamp, unless where a carrier oil is indicated – blends with carriers are intended specifically for aromatherapy massage (self-massage is very effective, as well as a simple massage from a friend or loved one).

For opening the heart: 1 part Rose

3 parts Sandalwood

1 part Sweet Orange or Bergamot 3 parts Jasmine

1 part Ylang Ylang 1 part Sandalwood

3 parts Bergamot 1 part Ylang Ylang 1 part Grapefruit 2 parts Bergamot 2 parts Clary Sage 1 part Frankincense

3 parts Bergamot or Sweet Orange 2 parts Clary Sage

2 parts Frankincense 1 part Lemon

1 part either Jasmine or Neroli Nourishing:

1 part (Roman) Chamomile 1 part Vanilla

10 parts Carrier oil of choice

Floral and earthy (uplifting and softening to Spirit): 1 part Neroli

1 part Vanilla 1 part Orange 1 part Sandalwood

When feeling bitter and brooding: 1 part Chamomile

1 part Bergamot 1 part Helichrysum

Eucalyptus Essential Oil

The History, Sources, And Medicinal Effects of Eucalyptus Essential Oils It is said that the Eucalyptus tree is one of the most useful trees in the world.

Belonging to the Myrtacae family (the same family as Tea tree), the name Eucalyptus means ‘well-covered’ which refers to the little cap that covers the flower

before budding. A tall, water-loving tree, Eucalyptus is one of the fastest growing trees in the world, reaching heights of between 300- 480 feet. Growing in damp marshy areas on moist land and clays Eucalyptus is often found in hilly country or

Early Uses

Native of Australia, where it was regarded as a general ‘cure-all’ by the Aborigines, there are over 300 species and 700 varieties of Eucalyptus. The trees have been used for everything from paper, to mulch, shade, fuel, hardwoods, wind breaking and malaria fighting. Its extensive root system absorbs vast amounts of water. It is due to this phenomenon that it has been intentionally planted in marshy, malaria infested areas in an attempt to dry up and purify the soil and air. The German botanist and explorer, Baron Ferdinand Von Muller suggested that the fragrance of the trees might prove antiseptic. It was in 1855 that the French government sent seeds to Algeria and consequently many of the disease ridden areas were converted to healthy dry ones. Eucalyptus oil was in huge demand during World War 1, as it was used to control a meningitis outbreak and for the influenza of 1919. Today the major eucalyptus producing countries include China, Spain, Portugal, South Africa, Russia, and Chile.

With over 50 pounds of plant material needed for one pound of oil, Eucalyptus was first distilled in 1788, when Doctors White and Cossiden used its oil in treating problems of the chest. The first works of the antiseptic and bacterial properties of the oil were published in Germany by Doctors Cole and Homeyer. They classified it as being "sudorific, a stimulant anticatharral and astringent". It was prescribed for all respiratory system conditions such as asthma, bronchitis, coughs, and flu. Extracted from Eucalyptus peperita the original oil introduced to Europe was was called 'Sydney peppermint' and quickly became popular. Traditional household remedies use both the leaves and oils for relief from respiratory ailments, feverish conditions, as well as for skin problems like burns, ulcers, and wounds.

Eucalyptus Essential Oil Varieties

Eucalyptus radiata is widely considered one of the most important sources of eucalyptus as well as one of the most fragrant of all eucalyptus oils. Also known as narrow-leafed and peppermint gum, it has a fresh and somewhat moderate scent with light citrus overtones. Radiata has strong antibacterial, antiviral, and

expectorant properties and is often used in diffusers as well as topically for flues, sinusitis, and bronchitis.

Historically used for its powerful natural medicinal qualities. Eucalyptus globulus (also known as Tasmanian blue) is both an antiseptic and an analgesic.

Interestingly, when seen from an aerial view the blue gum forest emits an ethereal blue haze. A refreshing scent with rich cineole-rich slightly camphoraceous but typical eucalyptus smell, Blue gum blends well with other essential oils such as Lavender, Lemongrass, Melissa, Pine, Tea tree, and Juniper.

Eucalyptus is one of the most universal and versatile of essential oils. Some of its many properties include analgesic, antiseptic, deodorant, expectorant, and

vermifuge (anti-parasitic). The active therapeutic and principal constituent of the medicinal oils is 1,8-cineole. Eucalyptus has a predominately stimulating effect on the nervous system and therefore should assist those suffering from depression and lethargy. Known as a ‘stimulating’ expectorant due to its invigorating action on the mucus membranes, it is widely considered an effective remedy for respiratory ills. Additionally Eucalyptus is used to relieve muscular aches and pains, in particular those of a ‘cold’ nature such as rheumatic pains.

According to Traditional Chinese Medicine, Eucalyptus is an exceptional remedy for clearing lung-phlegm and wind-heat. It is classified as a tonic of the lung Qi and it’s used to enhance the breathing function thus making it beneficial during the onset of flu or fever, sore throat, the common cold, sinusitis, and bronchitis. Various modes of application include topical such as massage, compress, bath, and skin care as well as direct inhalation, diffuser, and vaporizer.

World renowned medical aromatherapist, Dr. Kurt Schnaubelt suggests that aromatherapy is ‘ideally suited to the treatment of viral infections because of its connection with the immune system and mind/body connection’. A very cleansing plant, Eucalyptus is considered an herb of purification. Associated with the moon and feminine energy, Eucalyptus is both cool and moist by nature and is thought to help those who are vulnerable to becoming ill due to emotional stress or anxieties. The psychological properties of Eucalyptus oils are closely related to the action of the lungs which are associated with grief and depression. The aroma helps to dispel melancholy, while lifting the spirits and restoring vitality, harmony, and balance. Eucalyptus may also be useful on a subtle level to cleanse any place where conflict or negative energies have collected.

Although Eucalyptus is considered generally safe for aromatherapy, it is prudent to avoid use in infants. Today Eucalyptus Oil continues to be a familiar ingredient in chest rubs, general antiseptics, decongestants, cough remedies and muscle and joint ointments. When used externally, Eucalyptus is both toxic and non-irritating and is a must for every natural first aid kit and home medicine chest.

Essential Oil Basics Part I: Introduction

WHERE DO ESSENTIAL OILS COME FROM ?

The odoriferous substances (Essential oils) themselves are formed in the

chloroplasts of the leaves where they combine with glucose to form glucides and are then circulated around the plant in this form. At certain times of the day or year they are stored in particular parts of the plant.

In some plants, the essential oils are produced by the secretory tissues, and in others they are combined with glycosides, and are therefore not detectable until the

plant is dried or crushed, e.g.: Valerian

Essential oils are considered to be an important part of the plant's metabolism: some have hormonal activity and others are a stage in some other process, e.g.: the oil found in the rind of the orange is a stage in Vitamin A synthesis.

Essential oils can be found in almost any part of the plant, in differing

concentrations, depending on the plant itself, the time of day and year. They may be found in the roots (e.g.: Calamus and Valerian), flowers (e.g. Lavender, Rose,), bark (e.g. Sandalwood, Cedarwood), fruits (e.g.: Lemon, Cardamom, Orange), berries (e.g. Juniper), leaves (e.g. Thyme, Rosemary, Sage).

Plants which contain essences must be picked at the correct time of day and in the correct season, and in particular weather conditions in order that a maximum yield of the essential oils can be obtained, and of course, as with all medicinal or

nutritional plants, soil conditions, and climatic conditions will also dictate the quality of the oils obtained.

Heavy, concentrated oils are called ABSOLUTES e.g.: Rose, Jasmine, Oils which are solid at room temperature and which must be warmed before use are called

BALSAMS, e.g.: Benzoin and Camphor. HOW DO ESSENTIAL OILS WORK?

Essential oils are known to have an effect on us in three different, but overlapping, ways.

a) On the physical body, both locally and systemically, via the lymphatic and blood circulation.

b) On the mind and emotions via the Sense of Smell and the Limbic System. c) On the “Etheric Energy System” of the body via the energy vibration of the individual oils themselves.

The Way Essential Oils Effect the Physical Body

When Essential oils are applied to the surface of the body, either via Massage, Baths, Compresses, Creams or Lotions, they will have an effect locally (i.e. the site at which they are applied), and Systemically (i.e. throughout the body). The

Systemic effect occurs when essential oils are absorbed through the skin into the Lymphatic Circulation, and they are then dumped from the Lymphatic circulation into the blood stream.

Once the oils are circulating in the blood, they are carried to their TARGET ORGAN/S, where they exert a therapeutic effect on the specific tissues. Every Essential oil has its own Target Organ, e.g. Juniper oil targets the urinary tract and kidneys in particular, with secondary effects on the Digestive, Respiratory and Reproductive Systems. Chamomile Oil targets the Nervous System via which it can then exert a broad effect on many other body Systems, like the Digestive Tract for example.

Even when Essential oils are inhaled only, say in the form of a steam inhalation for a cold or as a fumigator for a background “psychological” effect, the oils will be absorbed across the mucous membranes of the Respiratory Tract and lungs into the blood stream, where once again, they can travel around the body very rapidly. If Essential Oils are taken orally, their absorption through the Mucosa of the stomach and into the blood is very rapid. Very few essential oils are actually ‘digested’, which is fortunate as their Therapeutic principles may well be altered if this were the case.

The reason why Essential Oils behave in this manner in the body is because the molecules of which they are composed are organic molecules and very small indeed. Below are some of the more common Therapeutic Properties which can be obtained by using Essential Oils.

SOME THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES OF ESSENTIAL OILS 1. ANTISEPTIC

All essential oils are to a greater or lesser extent ANTISEPTIC. This is one of their most important and valuable properties. This broad description of ANTISEPSIS includes anti viral, antifungal, anti-bacterial and general anti-microbial activity which is found in such oils as: Lemon, Thyme, Tea Tree, Garlic, Eucalyptus, Cinnamon, Pine, Lavender and Sandalwood.

2. ANTI-INFLAMMATORY

Oils with this property help to ease inflammation. The symptoms of inflammation are typified by pain, redness, swelling, and partial or total loss of function of the tissue involved. Examples of oils with this property are Chamomile, Rose, Lavender, Sandalwood, Myrrh and Benzoin.

3. CYTOPHYLACTIC

Restoration of tissue function and regeneration of cells is another outstanding property of essential oils. Oils such as Pine, Basil and Rosemary are known to restore function to the adrenal glands, Jasmine, Cypress, and Ylang Ylang restore function of reproductive endocrine glands, lavender and chamomile stimulate cell regeneration in the skin.

4. SEDATIVE

Essential oils may also have a pronounced effect on the nervous system by producing relaxation, pain relief and relieving muscle spasm. Oils with these properties include Lavender, Neroli, Rose, Geranium and Ylang Ylang.

However, the most outstanding property possessed by essential oils is their antiseptic/antigenetic properly.

This is well documented in Dr Jean Valnet's book, "The Practice of Aromatherapy" and he discusses at length the effects of specific oils in relation to the control of

extremely virulent microbes like Meningitis bacteria, Golden Staphylococcus bacteria and typhoid bacteria.

In your Reading for Week One, in the Chapter entitled "The Healing Power of Plants", from Valnet's book, there are extensive references to the many ways in which essential oils can affect the physical body.

It is critical to your full understanding and appreciation of Essential Oil Therapy that you appreciate the ways in which essential oils can have both a healing and

preventive role in diseases involving invasion of the body by microbes.

An Essential Oil Introduction II - Mind and Emotions

The Mind and Emotions, or rather the way we think and feel, are effected by essential oils via our sense of smell, as are all the odors we consciously and UNCONSCIOUSLY detect.

The Sense of Smell forms the greater part of our Sense of Taste (note how your sense of taste and smell is affected when you have a head cold or blocked up nose. The sense of smell is also affected by pollution, smoking, trauma to the nose itself and a mucous forming diet).

The sense of smell of our ancient ancestors was far superior to ours. They identified one another by smell as well as sight, and could even detect the usefulness of a plant by its smell. They also tracked animals by smell.

The sense of smell helps us to distinguish between 'good' and 'bad' odors, which tell us if food is fit to be eaten or if there is disease or hygiene present.

ODOURS & DISEASE

A couple of hundred years ago, physicians would use the sense of smell as a diagnostic aid. Arthritis and rheumatism have an acid smell, a good midwife could tell a post-partum haemorrhage by the smell of blood passed, diabetes gives an acetone smell to the breathe and the urine, perspiration can give us clues as to the health of the kidneys and lymphatic system, the smell of faeces also can tell us the type of disease in the digestive tract. Natural medicine still uses this method of diagnosis.

The human nose has the ability to distinguish many thousands of different odors, and the memory of these odors is stored deep in our sub-conscious minds. (See R. Tisserand 'The Art of Aromatherapy" pages 60-73).

When we inhale air molecules which, are carrying the ‘odoriferous’ molecules of an essential oil, these molecules adhere to our Olfactory nerve endings in the back of

the nose Oil, producing stimulation of these nerve endings.

Sensory stimulation of the Olfactory centre is by a relay of nerve impulses from the sensory nerve endings in the nose to the brain.

This is a very rapid and direct pathway to the part of the Brain which directs, controls, interprets and responds to sensory input.

This pathway is very different to sensory stimulation of the sensory nerves in the skin which is more complex, being transmitted from a sensory nerve ending to the spinal cord, to the brain, back down the spinal cord, down a motor nerve ending and then to the appropriate organ. For example when we touch a hot object, the heat affects the sensory nerve ending in say the finger. This nerve relays a

message along the sensory nerve fiber to its root in the spinal cord. The impulse is carried to the brain. The brain says “ouch !!! that’s hot, take the finger off now”. This message is relayed down the spinal cord to the motor nerve root, and then to the appropriate muscle(s) organ(s) etc. to remove the finger from the hot object. As you will know from your own experience of touching something hot, there is often a time lag between touching the hot object and recognition of pain.

With the Olfactory Nerve there is no relay station - stimuli goes straight to the part of Central Nervous System called the LIMBIC SYSTEM, and the response is instant. Furthermore, the message cannot be blocked by the conscious mind.

The interesting and exciting aspect of this use of Essential Oil Therapy is that different essential oils produce different responses. Some affect the higher thought processes in the Cerebral Cortex by altering the electrical activity of different

Cortical areas, and some affect the Hormone Producing cells in the Limbic System. These ‘Brain Hormones’ will then either effect the mental and emotional responses of the Brain itself, or will be released into the blood stream from where they may be carried to distant organs to produce the desired effect on the body chemistry.

AROMATHERAPY & THE MIND Essential Oils for ANXIETY:

Benzoin Oil, Chamomile Oil, Cypress Oil, Geranium Oil, Jasmine Oil, Lavender Oil, Marjoram Oil, Melissa Oil, Neroli Oil, Rose Oil, Sandalwood Oil, Ylang-Ylang Oil. Essential Oils for DEPRESSION:

Basil Oil, Bergamot Oil, Chamomile Oil, Frankincense Oil, Geranium Oil, Jasmine Oil, Lavender Oil, Neroli Oil, Patchouli Oil, Peppermint Oil, Rose Oil, Sandalwood Oil, Ylang-Ylang Oil.

Essential Oils for ANGER:

Chamomile Oil, Melissa Oil, Rose Oil, Ylang-Ylang Oil. Essential Oils for APATHY:

Jasmine Oil, Juniper Oil, Patchouli Oil, Rosemary Oil. Essential Oils for CONFUSION:

Basil Oil, Cypress Oil, Frankincense Oil, Peppermint Oil, Patchouli Oil. Essential Oils for DWELLING ON THE PAST:

Benzoin Oil, Frankincense Oil. Essential Oils for FEAR:

Basil Oil, Clary Sage Oil, Jasmine Oil, Juniper Oil. Essential Oils for GRIEF:

Hyssop Oil, Marjoram Oil, Rose Oil. Essential Oils for HYPERSENSITIVE: Chamomile Oil, Jasmine Oil, Melissa Oil. Essential Oils for IMPATIENCE/IRRITABILITY:

Chamomile Oil, Camphor Oil, Marjoram Oil, Frankincense Oil. Essential Oils for JEALOUSY :

Rose Oil, Ylang Ylang Oil. Essential Oils for PANIC:

Chamomile Oil, Clary Sage Oil, Jasmine Oil, Lavender Oil, Marjoram Oil, Melissa Oil, Neroli Oil, Ylang-Ylang Oil.

Essential Oils for SHOCK:

Camphor Oil, Melissa Oil, Neroli Oil . Essential Oils for SUSPICION:

Lavender Oil, Rose Oil Essential Oils for EUPHORIA

These oils stimulate the secretion of ENKEPHALINS from the THALAMUS to produce a euphoric effect and to lift or enhance the mood: Clary Sage Oil, Grapefruit Oil, Jasmine Oil, Rose Otto.

Essential Oils as APHRODISIACS

These oils stimulate the secretion of ENDORPHINS from the PITUITARY GLAND to produce emotional warmth, and sex hormone activity.

Clary Sage Oil, Jasmine Oil, Patchouli Oil, Ylang-Ylang Oil. Essential Oils as REGULATORS

These oils stimulate the secretion of VARIOUS HORMONAL SUBSTANCES from the HYPOTHALAMUS to regulate 'moods' and hormonal secretions.

Essential Oils as MEMORY/MENTAL STIMULANTS

These oils stimulate the AMYGDALA AND HIPPOCAMPUS in the brain which are associated with 'higher' brain functions, of thought and memory.

Black Pepper Oil, Lemon Oil, Peppermint Oil, Rosemary Oil. Essential Oils as SEDATIVES

These oils aid sleep, relax and lower hyperfunction in the body by stimulating the secretion of SERATONIN from the RAPHE NUCLEUS in the brain.

Chamomile Oil, Lavender Oil, Marjoram Oil, Orange Blossom. Essential Oils as INVIGORATORS

These oils increase energy and body functions by stimulating the secretion of NORADRENALINE from the LOCUS CERULEUS of the brain Cardamom Oil, Juniper Oil, Lemongrass Oil, Rosemary Oil.

An Essential Oil Introduction III - Esoteric and Spiritual

Applications

The third and final part of this three part series on Aromatherapy and essential oils deals with the more esoteric aspects of essential oils. There is a long history of essential oils being used for spiritual purposes and in rituals. Incense is just one example of essential oils being used in religious ceremonies and for inducing a 'spiritual' environment.

The Way Essential Oils Effect the Etheric Body or Psycho-spiritual Level The historical use of aromatic oils and resins goes back many thousands of years in human history and traverses many cultures and civilizations on our planet.

In China, incense was burned to purify the atmosphere and rid the environment of evil spirits, in India, incense was and is used in all temples of all persuasions to sanctify the devotions; in Mexico, incenses were used in rituals to induce trance-like states in the participants to make them more accepting in their role of living

sacrifice to the Gods; in Northern Europe the Druids used incenses which were sacred to the Earth Mother; the Greeks and Romans also used essential oils and fragrant herbs in all aspects of their daily lives, and many of their practices were learned from the Egyptians and Mesopotamians who were without doubt, the absolute masters in the Art of “Aromatherapy”.

The first people to dispense aromatics as medicines in Ancient Egypt were the priests - they were the first Aromatherapists. As the use of aromatic substances became more common, they were also used by the physicians.

At Heliopolis, the city dedicated to Ra the Sun-God, incense was burned 3 times a day: sunrise, noon, and sunset. This incense was called Kuphi or Kyphi and

Peppermint, Pistacia, Juniper, Acacia, Henna, Cypress, Myrrh, Raisins, Frankincense, and Morning Glory.

Aromatherapy was used in the healing temples in both Egypt and later in Greece, which also incorporated the use of color healing utilizing solar light. Great glass windows of various colors were built in to the ceilings of these temples at specific points, corresponding with the journey of the sun across the sky. The patient was placed in the stream of colored light and incense was burned or oils applied to the patient as need dictated. This form of healing is called Heliotherapy.

Even as recently as the Middle Ages in Europe, fragrant herbs were known to

possess special healing properties by virtue of their fragrances, and were burned in the streets to counteract the odor and ill effects of the poor hygiene of the times. During the time of the Great Plague this method was also used to anticepticise the air.

essential oils, via their own innate LIFE FORCE ENERGY , can help change energy imbalances in our Aura (Etheric body). They can adjust the way in which we perceive, feel and think about both ourselves and our environment working from the Spiritual Level ‘downwards’.

They can help us have a more positive, relaxed or energetic mood, help us to

concentrate better, develop our "psychic awareness”, and act as a bridge to help us access “deeper” or “higher” levels of consciousness. This function of essential oils overlaps with the effects oils have on the Brain, but it must be remembered that the Nervous and Hormonal Systems are the physical “translators” of the Etheric dimensions.

The use of Aromatic plants as Incense in religious and ritual practices is based on this knowledge. Incense purifies, acts as a libation or gesture of respect to higher intelligences and gives us a "doorway" for entry into the Astral realms.

It is believed that essential oils, when used in the form of “incensing”, are signals to those other dimensions where we find our Guardian Angels, Spirit Guides, Gods and Goddesses and states of pure “Cosmic Consciousness” and form a means whereby we can show our intention or willingness to open our consciousness to those realities. The result being that these Beings are able to communicate with us or through us more easily.

By developing our sensitivity to other levels of energy/being and other levels of our own consciousness, we are better able to develop our healing powers and

accelerate our own personal/spiritual growth.

Because we are conditioned from birth to relate primarily to the physical plane of existence we tend to have some degree of difficulty in shifting to the spiritual levels without some assistance. essential oils can help us with this.

From an energy point of view, the sense of smell relates to the Element called AKASHA or ETHER. This is the Universal and All-Pervading element, the Element of Spirit, and it has the ability to transform itself into anyone of the forms of

Elemental Energy. It is also closely related to the Element of Air, which is related to the sense of taste.

Man's sense of smell is not as acute as that of a dog or a moth, however, it is never the less quite acute, and man is capable of distinguishing many thousands of odors. The exact way in which odor perception takes place is still quite a mystery to

medical science. There is sound knowledge of the structures involved in odor perception, but the function itself still has many unanswered questions.

By developing the sense of smell we are provided with a means by which we may use essences and aromatic substances to create a mood, a feeling, an atmosphere, or change our state of being to one which is more in harmony with our True Selves, and which aids the development of our higher senses.

Most people think of incense in the context of 'joss sticks'. To many people, incense is something that gives a nice fragrance to an environment and little more. But the act of burning incense is more than this, and fragrances have quite profound

effects.

Perfumes and aroma have a great power to influence the mind and to lift the consciousness. They can arouse memory and distant recollections, as well as soul memories (past lives).

Use of incense sharpens the perception beyond the ordinary and encourages better powers of discrimination.

When we decide to extend our consciousness we must first pass through the different layers of our own psychological makeup. ‘Incense’ helps to ease the passage through these layers of self to the Universal light, creating a link or

channel between us and the formative energies of the Universe and our own Being. When essential oils, resins or gums are burned, their substance ‘etherealises’ and passes to the subtler planes opening the way for the return flow of energy.

By being consciously aware of the incense or oil we are using, and by being aware of its properties, and in tune with our intention, we can work more effectively and more powerfully, whether it be in healing or meditation techniques.

essential oils form a bridge commonly used by Auric Healers to set a

communication link between the physical and etheric bodies. The radiations from natural aromatic substances also nourish our natural energies and spirit. Odors are known to give off vibrations which fit into the known electromagnetic scale and are thought to vibrate in the Infra-Red end of the color spectrum. This is also known as the "invisible colors'.

Colors and odors are said to have a parallel, also odors and music, and odor and shape. The notes of the Diatonic Scale (A,G,C,B,D,F,) have been correlated to

odors, and various compounds in aromatic molecules are known to have certain shapes, e.g. round molecules tend to have a camphor-like smell, disc shapes to have a floral odor, and wedge shapes to have a Peppermint fragrance.

These facts present a definite argument in favor of the ‘Vibration' theory, and the way odors have an effect on the "Sixth Sense”. Taking these correspondences a little further it is of interest to note that some essential oils are pigmented, which often relates to their therapeutic properties, for example:

- Benzoin is red and is used to promote healing;

- Bergamot is green and is used in the treatment of urinary tract disorders; - Lemon is yellow and is used in the treatment of the digestive system;

- Chamomile is blue and is used against inflammation of the skin and mucous membranes of the body.

These colors also have therapeutic applications in color therapy, in which red is considered an energizing and warming color, green is balancing and harmonizing, yellow stimulates the digestion, and blue is relaxing and cooling.

YIN being those characteristics of passive, contracting, inwards looking, empty, dark, cold, moist, sedating, inhaling, venous blood,

parasympathetic nervous system, fear, caution, and the color blue. YANG being those characteristics of active, outward going, expanding, opening, full, light, hot, dry, stimulating, arterial blood, sympathetic nerves, also anger, courage and the color red. The qualities of Yin and Yang represent the forces or energies of opposites in the natural world. There are 2 things to remember when using essential oils and aromatic substances in meditations and Psychic Healing:

1. Be aware of your breathing. This can be accomplished through the practice of simple breathing techniques, in which you can calm your thoughts and emotions by slowing and deepening your breathing cycle. 2.Choose oils which will enhance your experience and balance your energies.

When using oils as ‘incense’, remember that the "incense" becomes charged with your personal energy. Purity of motive and purpose, and sincerity are essential requirements in the art of censing. Clearness of intention is also important.

Aromatics which include essential oils, perfume, centred candles and incense, have been used for centuries to affect the mind (and also, ultimately, the body) in a positive way. This practice finds its origins in religion and primitive beliefs. Aboriginal Australians burned the leaves of eucalyptus to fumigate an area from viruses. Aboriginal Americans use sage and cedar and the Slavs, such plants as sunflower, pine and garlic peels for the same purposes. This was done because occult powers were thought to be sensitive to fragrances and could protect against fever, sorcery, epidemics and demonic charms.

Today scents are often used to calm, uplift or sedate a troubled mind. This is called the psyche-soma effect. The theory is that the bloodstream might absorb scents entering the nose and cause a chemical effect in the brain. Here is a list of common scents you can find in the form of incense, perfumes and oils that might help you to cope with certain unpleasant emotional states.

Orange Essential Oil: In tenth century Europe, Arabia and China orange scents were used to aid with nervousness, epileptic fits, melancholia and depression. It helps one to relax, regenerate and calm down. It is comforting, refreshing uplifting and warming and is used by some to calm down hyperactive children.

Patchouli Essential Oil: This "hippie scent', which originally came from India has been used since the 1800s has been used to treat headaches and nausea. It has an earthy, grounding quality that is excellent for those who feel spacey, dreamy and detached from their physical bodies.

Mint: The Greeks and the Romans used mint to stimulate the circulation, the heart and boost intellect and memory. It is helpful for headaches and migraine. If you are dozy and have a big report or deadline, this is this scent you want to have wafting through the room. It has a soothing and stimulating effecton the brain. It is also has a long-standing reputation as an aphrodisiac. This includes both Peppermint Essential Oil and Spearmint Essential Oil.

Vanilla: Made from the seedpods of orchids, vanilla is a warming, cheering scent that is good for depression, sorrow, and grief. Its effects are warming and uplifting. It also has a longstanding reputation as an aphrodisiac.

Cedar Essential Oil: Cedar has a stimulating, elevating and opening effect on the mind and psyche. It helps relieve anxiety and quell anxiety, irritation and fear. Cedar is frequent mentioned in Biblical and Arabic texts as a fragrant wood that enhances "spiritual power."

Lavender Essential Oil: Cultivated since ancient times, this classic floral is used to treat headaches, nervous tension, depression, sorrow and grief. It is also used to induce peaceful sleep and increase feelings of well being in general.

Cinnamon Essential Oil: Cinnamon was brought to central Europe at the time of the crusade where it was used as an aphrodisiac and for heart problems. Cinnamon

is thought to be good for faintness, weakness, depression, nervous exhaustion and other stress related conditions.

Eucalyptus Essential Oil: This Australian herb is thought to relieve blocked states of mind as well as balance out the emotions and relieve mood swings. It is good for sluggishness and the fresh aroma is thought to have a revitalising, stimulating effect on the nervous system as a whole.

Frankincense Essential Oil: This scent, which is also known as olibanum finds its origins in Eygptian, Persian, Babylonian, Green, Roman and Christian culture. In aromatherapy it is currently used to relieve depression, poor memory and to strengthen the nerves. It is also used as a psychoactive substance to expand consciousness.

Ginger Essential Oil: A stimulant and an aphrodisiac, ginger are considered to be a powerful nerve tonic that is good for exhaustion and metal fatigue. It has a comforting, warming and uplift effect on the mind and soul.

Jasmine Absolute: This scent, which is known as the Queen of the Night in India because the scent of the flower is stronger at night, is thought to be a natural anti-depressant. This sensual scent is thought to release inhibitions and liberate the imagination. It is used for depression, nervous exhaustion, apathy, indifference, listlessness, lack of confidence and impotence.

Rose Absolute: Psychologically, the scent of rose has a powerful effect. It is used to increase concentration, regulate the appetite and overcoming obesity. It creates a feeling of calm, well-being and in some, even happiness. It is used to treat grief, sorrow, frigidity, jealousy, shock and depression.

The Anti-Viral Actions of Essential Oils

Essential oils from many plant families have demonstrated antiviral properties in laboratory and real-world settings. Interestingly, different plant families exhibit varying degrees of effectiveness depending on the virus strain. This is due to the particular molecular structures found in each type of oil, which penetrate physical entities to varying degrees (different tissues, cell walls, mucous membranes, etc). The effect on each virus strain depends also on the virus structure (enveloped, non-enveloped, molecular symmetry, etc).

With this in mind, we've developed the Super Immune blend, specifically created as a potent, broad-spectrum antiviral formula. This, or any essential oils on this page can be therapeutically utilized with a Nebulizing Diffuser (to

release the oils into your surrounding air), applied topically to lymph nodes (on the sternum, groin, neck and armpits) or massaged into the lymph/respiratory