RYFF SCALE

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Fax: (608) 263-6211 Fax: (608) 263-6211 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]

This document provides definitions and items for

This document provides definitions and items for six scales of six scales of psychological well-being.psychological well-being. There is no charge for

There is no charge for using the scales, although users are requested using the scales, although users are requested to send copiesto send copies of any publications generated with the scales to

of any publications generated with the scales to Dr. Ryff (contact info above).Dr. Ryff (contact info above).

Psychometric Properties Psychometric Properties:: 

 Below are items for six 1Below are items for six 14-item scales of psychological well-being (6 x 14 4-item scales of psychological well-being (6 x 14 = 84 items total)= 84 items total) constructed to measure the dimensions of

constructed to measure the dimensions ofautonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth,autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, positive relations with others, purpose in life,

positive relations with others, purpose in life, and self-acceptanceand self-acceptance. Internal consistency (alpha). Internal consistency (alpha) coefficients are indicated on each scale. Corr

coefficients are indicated on each scale. Corr elations of each scale with its own 20-item elations of each scale with its own 20-item parent scaleparent scale are also provided.

are also provided. (Note, embedded within (Note, embedded within the 14-item scales are shorter options the 14-item scales are shorter options (e.g., 9-item(e.g., 9-item scales, 7-item scales, 3-item scales).

scales, 7-item scales, 3-item scales). 

 Reliability and validity assessments of theReliability and validity assessments of the 20-item parent scales20-item parent scalesare detailed in:are detailed in: Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the me

Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the me aning of psychologicalaning of psychological well-being.

well-being. Journal of Pe Journal of Personality arsonality and Social Psychnd Social Psychology, 57 ology, 57 (6), 1069-1081. doi:10.1037/0022-(6), 1069-1081. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069

3514.57.6.1069 

 Psychometric properties of thePsychometric properties of the3-item scales3-item scales are detailed in: are detailed in: Ryff, C. D., & Keyes,

Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited.C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 69

Personality & Social Psychology, 69(4), 719-727. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.69.4.719(4), 719-727. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.69.4.719 

 The article below reviews psychometric properties ofThe article below reviews psychometric properties ofvarious length scalesvarious length scales:: Ryff, C. D. (2014). Psychological well-being revisited: Advances in the science

Ryff, C. D. (2014). Psychological well-being revisited: Advances in the science and practice ofand practice of eudaimonia.

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Interpretatio

Interpretation of n of ScoresScores:: 

 There are no specific scores There are no specific scores or cut-points for defining high or low well-being. Those distinctions canor cut-points for defining high or low well-being. Those distinctions can be derived from distributional information from the data collected. For

be derived from distributional information from the data collected. For example, high well-beingexample, high well-being could refer to scores

could refer to scores in the top 25% (quartile) of the distribution, wherein the top 25% (quartile) of the distribution, where as low well-being could beas low well-being could be scores in the bottom 25%

scores in the bottom 25% (quartile) of the distribution. Another alternative is to define high well-(quartile) of the distribution. Another alternative is to define high well-being as scores that are 1

being as scores that are 1.5 standard deviations above the mean, whereas low well-being is .5 standard deviations above the mean, whereas low well-being is scoresscores that are 1.5 standard deviations below the mean.

that are 1.5 standard deviations below the mean. 

 To obtain an overall psychological well-being score, scores on individual scales can be To obtain an overall psychological well-being score, scores on individual scales can be combined intocombined into a composite score, which could be

a composite score, which could be interpreted following the above guidelines.interpreted following the above guidelines. 

 It is possible to use only some of tIt is possible to use only some of t he six dimensions of well-being that are meaningfully connectedhe six dimensions of well-being that are meaningfully connected to the research

to the research questions of a particular study.questions of a particular study.

Response Format and Reverse Scoring: Response Format and Reverse Scoring:



 To create the overall assessment scale, items from the separate scales areTo create the overall assessment scale, items from the separate scales aremixedmixed by putting them in by putting them in alphabetical order by scale name and then t

alphabetical order by scale name and then t aking one item from each scale successively into aking one item from each scale successively into aa continuous self-report instrument.

continuous self-report instrument. 

 Response formats:Response formats: strongly disagree (1), disagree sstrongly disagree (1), disagree somewhat (2), disagree slightly (3), agree slomewhat (2), disagree slightly (3), agree slightlyightly (4), agree somewhat (5), strongly agree (6).

(4), agree somewhat (5), strongly agree (6). 

 Responses toResponses tonegatively scored itemsnegatively scored items (( ─) ─)are reversed in the are reversed in the final scoring procedures so that highfinal scoring procedures so that high scores indicate high self-ratings on the dimension assessed. That is, neg

scores indicate high self-ratings on the dimension assessed. That is, neg atively worded items areatively worded items are flipped so that a "6" (Strongly Agree) is

flipped so that a "6" (Strongly Agree) isrecoded recoded as a "1"as a "1", , “5”“5”isisrecoded as a “2,” and so orecoded as a “2,” and so on.n.



 In MIDUS the response options are reversed:In MIDUS the response options are reversed: The 7-item scales were The 7-item scales were included in MIDUS (Midlife inincluded in MIDUS (Midlife in the United States) at the 2

the United States) at the 2ndnd_{wave. This national study can be consulted for c}_{wave. This national study can be consulted for c omparative}_omparative information, but note the following differences. In MIDUS a

information, but note the following differences. In MIDUS a response of strongly agree correspondsresponse of strongly agree corresponds to (1), agree somewhat corresponds to (2) and so on.

to (1), agree somewhat corresponds to (2) and so on. MIDUS also includes a mid-scale response ofMIDUS also includes a mid-scale response of neither agree or disagree (4). Thus, the full MIDUS response options are: strongly agree (1), agree neither agree or disagree (4). Thus, the full MIDUS response options are: strongly agree (1), agree somewhat (2), agree slightly (3), neither agree or disagree (4), disagree slightly (5), disagree somewhat (2), agree slightly (3), neither agree or disagree (4), disagree slightly (5), disagree somewhat (6), strongly disagree (7). Given this scoring scheme,

somewhat (6), strongly disagree (7). Given this scoring scheme, it is the positively-worded items thatit is the positively-worded items that are coded, whereas in the above scoring scheme negatively-worded items are are coded, whereas in the above scoring scheme negatively-worded items are reverse-coded. Both approaches are correct

coded. Both approaches are correct – – the the difference is what difference is what items get reverse-coded.items get reverse-coded. InformationInformation about MIDUS can be found at:

about MIDUS can be found at:

http://www.midus.wisc.edu/findings/index.php http://www.midus.wisc.edu/findings/index.php http://midus.colectica.org

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Length

Length Options: Options: Items Items to to Include Include for for Each Each Option:Option:

The

The14-item scales (84 items total)14-item scales (84 items total)

Autonomy:

Autonomy: 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 8, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 11, 12 12 13, 13, 1414 Environmental

Environmental Mastery: Mastery: 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 8, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 11, 12 12 13, 13, 1414 Personal

Personal Growth: Growth: 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 8, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 11, 12 12 13, 13, 1414 Positive Relations With Oth

Positive Relations With Others: ers: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 13, 141, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 13, 14 Purpose

Purpose In In Life: Life: 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 8, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 11, 12 12 13, 13, 1414 Self-Acceptance:

Self-Acceptance: 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 8, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 11, 12 12 13, 13, 1414 The

The9-item scales (54 items total)9-item scales (54 items total)

Autonomy:

Autonomy: 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 11, 1414 Environmental

Environmental Mastery: Mastery: 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 7, 7, 9, 9, 13, 13, 1414 Personal

Personal Growth: Growth: 1, 1, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 11, 13, 13, 1414 Positive Relations With Oth

Positive Relations With Others: ers: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 121, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12 Purpose

Purpose In In Life: Life: 2, 2, 3, 3, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 8, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10, 1111 Self-Acceptance:

Self-Acceptance: 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 10, 10, 12, 12, 1313 The

The7-item scales7-item scales (42 items total)(42 items total)

Autonomy:

Autonomy: 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 6, 6, 9, 9, 10, 10, 1414 Environmental

Environmental Mastery Mastery : : 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 13, 13, 1414 Personal

Personal Growth: Growth: 1, 1, 5, 5, 6, 6, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 11, 1313 Positive Relations

Positive Relations With Others: With Others: 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, 1210, 12 Purpose

Purpose In In Life: Life: 2, 2, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 8, 8, 10, 10, 1111 Self-Acceptance:

Self-Acceptance: 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 5, 5, 7, 7, 10, 10, 1313 The

The3-item scales (18 items total)3-item scales (18 items total). Note, this highly condensed form is not recommended because . Note, this highly condensed form is not recommended because it hasit has psychometric problems and does not do a good job

psychometric problems and does not do a good job of covering the content of the of covering the content of the six well-beingsix well-being constructs.

constructs. Autonomy:

Autonomy: 6, 6, 9, 9, 1414 Environmental

Environmental Mastery: Mastery: 1, 1, 2, 2, 44 Personal

Personal Growth: Growth: 5, 5, 11, 11, 1313 Positive Relations

Positive Relations With Others: With Others: 2, 9, 102, 9, 10 Purpose

Purpose In In Life: Life: 2, 2, 10, 10, 1111 Self-Acceptance:

Self-Acceptance: 1, 1, 5, 5, 77

Formatted Questionnaires Formatted Questionnaires::



 Formatted instruments that can be used Formatted instruments that can be used with your study population are included below for the 84-with your study population are included below for the 84-item and the 42-84-item scale.

item and the 42-item scale. 

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AUTONOMY

Definition:

Definition: High High Scorer: Scorer: Is Is self-determining self-determining and and independent; independent; able able to to resist resist social social pressures pressures to to think think and and actact in certain ways; regulates behavior from within; evaluates self by personal standards.

in certain ways; regulates behavior from within; evaluates self by personal standards. Low Scorer:

Low Scorer: Is concerned about the expectations and Is concerned about the expectations and evaluations of others; relies evaluations of others; relies on judgmentson judgments of others to make important decisions; conforms to social pressures t

of others to make important decisions; conforms to social pressures t o think and act in cero think and act in cer taintain ways. ways. # in # in 84-item 84-item formatted formatted version version below below Positive Positive or or Negative Negative Scoring Scoring Use Use in in 9-item item Scale Scale Use Use in in 7-item item Scale Scale Use Use in in 3-item item Scale Scale AUTONOMY AUTONOMY 1

1 ─ ─ 1.1. Sometimes I change the way I act or think to be more like thoseSometimes I change the way I act or think to be more like those

around me. around me.

7

7 ++ X X XX 2.2. I am not afraid to voice my oI am not afraid to voice my opinions, even when they are inpinions, even when they are in

opposition to the opinions of most people. opposition to the opinions of most people.

13

13 ++ X X XX 3.3. My decisions are not usually influenced by what everyone else isMy decisions are not usually influenced by what everyone else is

doing. doing.

19

19 ─ ─ X X XX 4.4. I tend to worry about I tend to worry about what other people think of me.what other people think of me.

25

25 ++ XX 5.5. Being happy with myself is more important to me Being happy with myself is more important to me than having othersthan having others

approve of me. approve of me.

31

31 _─_─ X X X X XX 6.6. I tend to be influenced by people wI tend to be influenced by people w ith strong opinions.ith strong opinions.

37

37 ++ 7.7. People rarely talk me into doing things I People rarely talk me into doing things I don't want to do.don't want to do.

43

43 _─_─ 8.8. It is more important to me It is more important to me to "fit in" with others than to to "fit in" with others than to stand alonestand alone

on my principles. on my principles.

49

49 ++ X X X X XX 9.9. I have confidence in my opinions, even if they I have confidence in my opinions, even if they are contrary to theare contrary to the

general consensus. general consensus.

55

55 ─ ─ X X XX 10.10. It's difficult for me to voice my own It's difficult for me to voice my own opinions on controversialopinions on controversial

matters. matters.

61

61 _─_─ XX 11.11. I often change my mind about decisions if my I often change my mind about decisions if my friends or familyfriends or family

disagree. disagree.

67

67 ++ XX 12.12. I am not the kind of I am not the kind of person who give in to social pressures to tperson who give in to social pressures to t hink orhink or

act in certain ways. act in certain ways.

73

73 _─_─ 13.13. I am concerned about how other I am concerned about how other people evaluate the choices I havepeople evaluate the choices I have

made in my life. made in my life.

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ENVIRONMENTAL MASTERY

Definition:

Definition: High High Scorer: Scorer: Has Has a a sense sense of of mastery mastery and and competence competence in in managing managing the the environment; environment; controlscontrols complex array of external activities; makes effective

complex array of external activities; makes effective use of surrounding opportunities; able touse of surrounding opportunities; able to choose or create contexts

choose or create contexts suitable to personal needs and values.suitable to personal needs and values. Low Scorer:

Low Scorer: Has difficulty manHas difficulty managing everyday affairs; feels uaging everyday affairs; feels unable to change or impronable to change or improveve surrounding context; is unaware of surrounding opportunities; lacks sense of control over surrounding context; is unaware of surrounding opportunities; lacks sense of control over external world. external world. # in # in 84-item 84-item formatted formatted version version below below Positive Positive or or Negative Negative Scoring Scoring Use Use in in 9-item item Scale Scale Use Use in in 7-item item Scale Scale Use Use in in 3-item item Scale Scale ENVIRONMENTAL MASTERY ENVIRONMENTAL MASTERY 2

2 ++ X X X X XX 1.1. In general, I feel I am in charge of the situation in which I live.In general, I feel I am in charge of the situation in which I live.

8

8 ─ ─ X X X X XX 2.2. The demands of everyday life often get me The demands of everyday life often get me down.down.

14

14 ─ ─ XX XX 3.3. I do not fit very weI do not fit very we ll with the people and the community around me.ll with the people and the community around me.

20

20 ++ X X X X XX 4.4. I am quite good at managing the I am quite good at managing the many responsibilities of my daily life.many responsibilities of my daily life.

26

26 ─ ─ X X XX 5.5. I often feel overwhelmed by my I often feel overwhelmed by my responsibilities.responsibilities.

32

32 ++ 6.6. If I were If I were unhappy with my living situation, I would take effective stepsunhappy with my living situation, I would take effective steps

to change it. to change it.

38

38 ++ XX 7.7. I generally do a good job I generally do a good job of taking care of my personal finances andof taking care of my personal finances and

affairs. affairs.

44

44 _─_─ 8.8. I find it stressful that I I find it stressful that I can't keep up with all of the things I can't keep up with all of the things I have to dohave to do

each day. each day.

50

50 ++ XX 9.9. I am good at juggling my tI am good at juggling my time so that I can ime so that I can fit everything in that needsfit everything in that needs

to get done. to get done.

56

56 ++ 10.10. My daily life is busy, but I derive a My daily life is busy, but I derive a sense of satisfaction from keepingsense of satisfaction from keeping

up with everything. up with everything.

62

62 _─_─ 11.11. I get frustrated when I get frustrated when trying to plan my daily activities because I nevertrying to plan my daily activities because I never

accomplish the things I set out accomplish the things I set out to do.to do.

68

68 ++ 12.12. My efforts to find the kinds of activities and reMy efforts to find the kinds of activities and re lationships that I needlationships that I need

have been quite successful. have been quite successful.

74

74 ─ ─ X X XX 13.13. I have difficulty arranging my life in a way I have difficulty arranging my life in a way that is satisfying to me.that is satisfying to me.

80

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PERSONAL GROWTH

Definition:

Definition: High High Scorer: Scorer: Has Has a a feeling feeling of of continued continued development; development; sees sees self self as as growing growing and and expanding; expanding; isis open to new experiences; has sense o

open to new experiences; has sense o f realizing his or her potential; sees improvement in selff realizing his or her potential; sees improvement in self and behavior over time; is changing in ways that

and behavior over time; is changing in ways that reflect more self-knowledge and effectiveness.reflect more self-knowledge and effectiveness. Low Scorer:

Low Scorer: Has a sense of personal stagnation; lacks sense of improHas a sense of personal stagnation; lacks sense of improvement or expansion overvement or expansion over time; feels bored and uninterested with life; feels unable to

time; feels bored and uninterested with life; feels unable to develop new attitudes or behaviors.develop new attitudes or behaviors.

# in # in 84-item 84-item formatted formatted version version below below Positive Positive or or Negative Negative Scoring Scoring Use Use in in 9-item item Scale Scale Use Use in in 7-item item Scale Scale Use Use in in 3-item item Scale Scale PERSONAL GROWTH PERSONAL GROWTH 3

3 ─ ─ X X XX 1.1. I am not interested in I am not interested in activities that will expand my horizons.activities that will expand my horizons.

9

9 ++ 2.2. In general, I feel that I continue to learn more about myself as timeIn general, I feel that I continue to learn more about myself as time

goes by. goes by.

15

15 ++ 3.3. I am the kind of person who I am the kind of person who likes to give new things a try.likes to give new things a try.

21

21 ─ ─ XX 4.4. I don't want to try I don't want to try new ways of doing things--my life is fine the way new ways of doing things--my life is fine the way itit

is. is.

27

27 ++ X X X X XX 5.5. I think it is important to have I think it is important to have new experiences that challenge hownew experiences that challenge how

you think about yourself and the world. you think about yourself and the world.

33

33 ─ ─ X X XX 6.6. When I think about it, I When I think about it, I haven't really improved much as a personhaven't really improved much as a person

over the years. over the years.

39

39 ++ 7.7. In my view, people of every In my view, people of every age are able to continue growing age are able to continue growing andand

developing. developing.

45

45 ++ 8.8. With time, I have gained a With time, I have gained a lot of insight about life that has made me lot of insight about life that has made me aa

stronger, more capable person. stronger, more capable person.

51

51 ++ X X XX 9.9. I have the sense that I have developed a lot as a person over time.I have the sense that I have developed a lot as a person over time.

57

57 ─ ─ X X XX 10.10. I do not enjoy being in I do not enjoy being in new situations that require me to change mynew situations that require me to change my

old familiar ways of doing things. old familiar ways of doing things.

63

63 ++ X X X X XX 11.11. For me, life has been a For me, life has been a continuous process of learning, changing, andcontinuous process of learning, changing, and

growth. growth.

69

69 ++ 12.12. I enjoy seeing how my views have I enjoy seeing how my views have changed and matured over thechanged and matured over the

years. years.

75

75 _─_─ X X X X XX 13.13. I gave up trying to make I gave up trying to make big improvements or changes in my life abig improvements or changes in my life a

long time ago. long time ago.

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POSITIVE RELATIONS WITH OTHERS

Definition:

Definition: High High Scorer: Scorer: Has Has warm warm satisfying, satisfying, trusting trusting relationships relationships with with others; others; is is concerned concerned about about thethe welfare of others; capable of strong em

welfare of others; capable of strong em pathy, affection, and intimacy; understands give andpathy, affection, and intimacy; understands give and take of human re

take of human re lationships.lationships. Low Scorer:

Low Scorer: Has few close, trusting relationships with others; finds it difHas few close, trusting relationships with others; finds it difficult to be warm, open,ficult to be warm, open, and concerned about others; is isolated and frustrated in interpersonal relationships; not willing and concerned about others; is isolated and frustrated in interpersonal relationships; not willing to make compromises to sustain important ties with others.

to make compromises to sustain important ties with others.

# in # in 84-item 84-item formatted formatted version version below below Positive Positive or or Negative Negative Scoring Scoring Use Use in in 9-item item Scale Scale Use Use in in 7-item item Scale Scale Use Use in in 3-item item Scale Scale

POSITIVE RELATIONS WITH OTHERS POSITIVE RELATIONS WITH OTHERS

4

4 ++ X X XX 1.1. Most people see me as loving and affectionate.Most people see me as loving and affectionate.

10

10 ─ ─ X X X X XX 2.2. Maintaining close relationships has been difficult and frustrating Maintaining close relationships has been difficult and frustrating forfor

me me

16

16 _─_─ XX XX 3.3. I often feel lonely because I I often feel lonely because I have few close friends with whom tohave few close friends with whom to share my concerns.

share my concerns.

22

22 ++ X X XX 4.4. I enjoy personal and mutual conversations with family members orI enjoy personal and mutual conversations with family members or

friends. friends.

28

28 ++ 5.5. It is important to me to be a good listener when close friends talk toIt is important to me to be a good listener when close friends talk to

me about their problems. me about their problems.

34

34 _─_─ XX 6.6. I don't have many people who want to I don't have many people who want to listen when I need to tlisten when I need to talk.alk.

40

40 ++ 7.7. I feel like I I feel like I get a lot out of my friendships.get a lot out of my friendships.

46

46 _─_─ XX 8.8. It seems to me that most other people have more friends than I do.It seems to me that most other people have more friends than I do.

52

52 ++ X X X X XX 9.9. People would describe me as a giving person, willing to People would describe me as a giving person, willing to share my timeshare my time

with others. with others.

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PURPOSE IN LIFE

Definition:

Definition: High High Scorer: Scorer: Has Has goals goals in in life life and and a sa sense ense of of directedness; directedness; feels feels there is there is meaning meaning to pto present aresent andnd past life; holds beliefs that give life purpose; has aims and objectives for

past life; holds beliefs that give life purpose; has aims and objectives for living.living. Low Scorer:

Low Scorer: Lacks a sense of meaning in life; has few goals or aims, lacks sense of direction;Lacks a sense of meaning in life; has few goals or aims, lacks sense of direction; does not see purpose of past life; has

does not see purpose of past life; has no outlook or beliefs that give life meaning.no outlook or beliefs that give life meaning.

# in # in 84-item 84-item formatted formatted version version below below Positive Positive or or Negative Negative Scoring Scoring Use Use in in 9-item item Scale Scale Use Use in in 7-item item Scale Scale Use Use in in 3-item item Scale Scale PURPOSE IN LIFE PURPOSE IN LIFE 5

5 ++ 1.1. I feel good when I I feel good when I think of what I've done in the think of what I've done in the past and what I hopepast and what I hope

to do in the future. to do in the future.

11

11 ─ ─ X X X X XX 2.2. I live life one day at a I live life one day at a time and don't really think about the future.time and don't really think about the future.

17

17 ─ ─ XX 3.3. I tend to focus on the present, because the future nearly alwaysI tend to focus on the present, because the future nearly always

brings me problems. brings me problems.

23

23 ++ XX 4.4. I have a sense of direction and I have a sense of direction and purpose in life.purpose in life.

29

29 ─ ─ X X XX 5.5. My daily activities often seem trivial and unimportant to me.My daily activities often seem trivial and unimportant to me.

35

35 ─ ─ X X XX 6.6. I don't have a good sense of I don't have a good sense of what it is I'm trying to what it is I'm trying to accomplish in life.accomplish in life.

41

41 ─ ─ XX 7.7. I used to set goals I used to set goals for myself, but that now seems like a wfor myself, but that now seems like a w aste of time.aste of time.

47

47 ++ X X XX 8.8. I enjoy making plans for the future I enjoy making plans for the future and working to make them aand working to make them a

reality. reality.

53

53 ++ XX 9.9. I am an active person in cI am an active person in carrying out the plans I set for marrying out the plans I set for myself.yself.

59

59 ++ X X X X XX 10.10. Some people wander aimlessly through life, but I Some people wander aimlessly through life, but I am not one of them.am not one of them.

65

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SELF-ACCEPTANCE

Definition:

Definition: High High Scorer: Scorer: Possesses Possesses a a positive positive attitude attitude toward toward the the self; self; acknowledges acknowledges and and accepts accepts multiplemultiple aspects of self, including good and bad qualities; feels positive about past life.

aspects of self, including good and bad qualities; feels positive about past life. Low Scorer:

Low Scorer: Feels dissatisfied with self; is disappFeels dissatisfied with self; is disappointed with what has occurred in past life; isointed with what has occurred in past life; is troubled about certain personal qualities; wishes to be different than what

troubled about certain personal qualities; wishes to be different than what he or she is.he or she is.

# in # in 84-item 84-item formatted formatted version version below below Positive Positive or or Negative Negative Scoring Scoring Use Use in in 9-item item Scale Scale Use Use in in 7-item item Scale Scale Use Use in in 3-item item Scale Scale SELF-ACCEPTANCE SELF-ACCEPTANCE 6

6 ++ X X X X XX 1.1. When I look at the When I look at the story of my life, I am pleasestory of my life, I am pleased with how things haved with how things have

turned out. turned out.

12

12 ++ X X XX 2.2. In general, I feeIn general, I fee l confident and positive about myself.l confident and positive about myself.

18

18 ─ ─ XX XX 3.3. I feel like many of the I feel like many of the people I know have gotten more out opeople I know have gotten more out o f life thanf life than I have.

I have.

24

24 _─_─ 4.4. Given the opportunity, there are many things about myself tGiven the opportunity, there are many things about myself t hat Ihat I

would change. would change.

30

30 ++ X X X X XX 5.5. I like most aspects of my I like most aspects of my personality.personality.

36

36 ++ XX 6.6. I made some mistakes in the I made some mistakes in the past, but I feel that all past, but I feel that all in all everythingin all everything

has worked out for the best has worked out for the best

42

42 ─ ─ X X X X XX 7.7. In many ways, I feel In many ways, I feel disappointed about my achievements in life.disappointed about my achievements in life.

48

48 ++ 8.8. For the most part, I am proud of who I am and the life I lead.For the most part, I am proud of who I am and the life I lead.

54

54 ─ ─ 9.9. I envy many people for the lives tI envy many people for the lives t hey lead.hey lead.

60

60 ─ ─ X X XX 10.10. My attitude about myself is probably not as positive as most My attitude about myself is probably not as positive as most peoplepeople

feel about themselves. feel about themselves.

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Ryff’s Scales of Psy

Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-

chological Well-Being (PWB) • 84

Being (PWB) • 84 Item Version Formatted

Item Version Formatted

Scales & Items Scales & Items::

Items shaded grey (# 1, 3, 8, 10, 11, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 24, 26, 29, 31, 33, 34, 35, 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 54, 55, Items shaded grey (# 1, 3, 8, 10, 11, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 24, 26, 29, 31, 33, 34, 35, 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 54, 55, 57, 58, 60, 61, 62, 64, 65, 66, 73, 74, 75, 76, 81, 83, 84) should be reverse scored:

57, 58, 60, 61, 62, 64, 65, 66, 73, 74, 75, 76, 81, 83, 84) should be reverse scored:

Six Scales:

Six Scales: Items in that ScaleItems in that Scale (in the

(in the questionnaquestionnaire below):ire below):

Autonomy

Autonomy 1 1 7 7 13 13 19 19 25 25 31 31 37 37 43 43 49 49 55 55 61 61 67 67 73 73 7979 Environmental

Environmental Mastery Mastery 2 2 8 8 14 14 20 20 26 26 32 32 38 38 44 44 50 50 56 56 62 62 68 68 74 74 8080 Personal

Personal Growth Growth 3 3 9 9 15 15 21 21 27 27 33 33 39 39 45 45 51 51 57 57 63 63 69 69 75 75 8181 Positive

Positive Relations Relations with with Others Others 4 4 10 10 16 16 22 22 28 28 34 34 40 40 46 46 52 52 58 58 64 64 70 70 76 76 8383 Purpose

Purpose in in Life Life 5 5 11 11 17 17 23 23 29 29 35 35 41 41 47 47 53 53 59 59 65 65 71 71 77 77 8383 Self-Acceptance

Self-Acceptance 6 6 12 12 18 18 24 24 30 30 36 36 42 42 48 48 54 54 60 60 66 66 72 72 78 78 8484

Formatted 84-Item Instrument: Formatted 84-Item Instrument:

The following set of questions deals with how you feel ab

The following set of questions deals with how you feel about yourself and your life. out yourself and your life. Please remember that therePlease remember that there are no right or wrong answers.

are no right or wrong answers.

Circle the number that best describes Circle the number that best describes your present agreement or disagreement your present agreement or disagreement with each statement.

with each statement.

Strongly Strongly disagree disagree Disagree Disagree Somewhat Somewhat Disagree Disagree Slightly Slightly Agree Agree slightly slightly Agree Agree Somewhat Somewhat Strongly Strongly agree agree 1.

1. Sometimes I change the way I act orSometimes I change the way I act or think to be more like those around think to be more like those around

1

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7. I am not afraid to voice my oI am not afraid to voice my opinions,pinions, even when they are

even when they are in opposition toin opposition to the opinions of most people.

the opinions of most people. 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 66

8.

8. The demands of everyday life oftenThe demands of everyday life often get me down.

get me down. 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 66

9.

9. In general, I feel that I continue toIn general, I feel that I continue to learn more about myself as time goes learn more about myself as time goes by.

by.

1

1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 66

10.

10. Maintaining close relationships hasMaintaining close relationships has been difficult and frustrating for me.

been difficult and frustrating for me. 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 66 11.

11. I live life one day at a time and don’tI live life one day at a time and don’t

really think about the future.

really think about the future. 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 66 12.

12. In general, I feeIn general, I fee l confident andl confident and positive about myself.

positive about myself. 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 66

13.

13. My decisions are not My decisions are not usuallyusually

influenced by what everyone else is influenced by what everyone else is doing.

doing.

1

1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 66

14.

14. I do not fit very weI do not fit very we ll with the peoplell with the people and the community around me.

and the community around me. 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 66

15.

15. I am the kind of person who I am the kind of person who likes tolikes to give new things a try.

give new things a try. 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 66

16.

16. I often feel lonely because I have fewI often feel lonely because I have few close friends with whom to share my close friends with whom to share my concerns.

concerns.

1

1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 66

17.

17. I tend to focus on the present,I tend to focus on the present, because the future nearly always because the future nearly always brings me problems.

brings me problems.

1

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24. Given the opportunity, there areGiven the opportunity, there are many things about myself that I many things about myself that I would change.

would change.

1

1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 66

25.

25. Being happy with myself is moreBeing happy with myself is more important to me than having others important to me than having others approve of me.

approve of me.

1

1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 66

26.

26. I often feel overwhelmed by myI often feel overwhelmed by my responsibilities.

responsibilities. 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 66

27.

27. I think it is important to have I think it is important to have newnew experiences that challenge how you experiences that challenge how you think about yourself and the world. think about yourself and the world.

1

1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 66

28.

28. It is important to me to be a goodIt is important to me to be a good listener when close friends talk to me listener when close friends talk to me about their problems.

about their problems.

1

1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 66

29.

29. My daily activities often seem trivialMy daily activities often seem trivial and unimportant to me.

and unimportant to me. 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 66

30.

30. I I like like most most aspects aspects of of my my personality. personality. 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 66 31.

31. I tend to be influenced by people wI tend to be influenced by people w ithith

1

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41. I used to set goals I used to set goals for myself, but thatfor myself, but that now seems like a waste of tim

now seems like a waste of time.e. 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 66 42.

42. In many ways, I feel In many ways, I feel disappointeddisappointed about my achievements in life.

about my achievements in life. 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 66 43.

43. It is more important to me to “fit in”It is more important to me to “fit in”

with others than to stand alone on my with others than to stand alone on my principles.

principles.

1

1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 66

44.

44. I find it stressful that I can’t keep upI find it stressful that I can’t keep up

with all of the things I have t

with all of the things I have t o do eacho do each day.

day.

1

1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 66

45.

45. With time, I have gained a With time, I have gained a lot oflot of insight about life that has made me a insight about life that has made me a stronger, more capable person. stronger, more capable person.

1

1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 66

46.

46. It seems to me that most otherIt seems to me that most other people have more friends than I do.

people have more friends than I do. 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 66 47.

47. I enjoy making plans for the futureI enjoy making plans for the future and working to make them a r

and working to make them a reality.eality. 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 66 48.

48. For the most part, I am proud of who IFor the most part, I am proud of who I

1

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58. I have not experienced many warmI have not experienced many warm and trusting relationships with others.

and trusting relationships with others. 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 66 59.

59. Some people wander aimlesslySome people wander aimlessly through life, but I am not one through life, but I am not one ofof them.

them.

1

1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 66

60.

60. My attitude about myself is probablyMy attitude about myself is probably not as positive as most people feel not as positive as most people feel about themselves.

about themselves.

1

1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 66

61.

61. I often change my mind aboutI often change my mind about decisions if my friends or family decisions if my friends or family disagree.

disagree.

1

1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 66

62.

62. I get frustrated when trying to plan myI get frustrated when trying to plan my daily activities because I never

daily activities because I never accomplish the things I set out accomplish the things I set out to do.to do.

1

1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 66

63.

63. For me, life has been a For me, life has been a continuouscontinuous process of learning, changing, and process of learning, changing, and growth.

growth.

1

1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 66

64.

64. I often feel as if I often feel as if I’m on the outsideI’m on the outside

looking in when it comes to

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73. I am concerned about how otherI am concerned about how other people evaluate the choices I have people evaluate the choices I have made in my life.

made in my life.

1

1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 66

74.

74. I have difficulty arranging my life in aI have difficulty arranging my life in a way that is satisfying to me.

way that is satisfying to me. 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 66

75.

75. I gave up trying to make I gave up trying to make bigbig

improvements or changes in my life a improvements or changes in my life a long time ago.

long time ago.

1

1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 66

76.

76. I find it difficult to really open upI find it difficult to really open up when I talk with others.

when I talk with others. 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 66

77.

77. I find it satisfying to think about whatI find it satisfying to think about what I have accomplished in life.

I have accomplished in life. 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 66

78.

78. When I compare myself to friends andWhen I compare myself to friends and acquaintances, it makes me feel good acquaintances, it makes me feel good about who I am.

about who I am.

1

1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 66

79.

79. I judge myself by what I I judge myself by what I think isthink is important, not by the values of what important, not by the values of what others think is important.

others think is important.

1

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Ryff’s Scales of Psychologi

Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-

cal Well-Being (PWB) • 42

Being (PWB) • 42 Item Version Formatted

Item Version Formatted

Scales & Items Scales & Items::

Items shaded grey (# 3, 5, 8, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 23, 26, 27, 30, 31, 32, 34, 36, 39, 41) should be Items shaded grey (# 3, 5, 8, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 23, 26, 27, 30, 31, 32, 34, 36, 39, 41) should be reverse scored:

reverse scored:

Six Scales:

Six Scales: Items in that ScaleItems in that Scale (in the

(in the questionnaquestionnaire below):ire below):

Autonomy

Autonomy 1 1 7 7 13 13 19 19 25 25 31 31 3737 Environmental

Environmental Mastery Mastery 2 2 8 8 14 14 20 20 26 26 32 32 3838 Personal

Personal Growth Growth 3 3 9 9 15 15 21 21 27 27 33 33 3939 Positive

Positive Relations Relations with with Others Others 4 4 10 10 16 16 22 22 28 28 34 34 4040 Purpose

Purpose in in Life Life 5 5 11 11 17 17 23 23 29 29 35 35 4141 Self-Acceptance

Self-Acceptance 6 6 12 12 18 18 24 24 30 30 36 36 4242

Formatted 42 Item Instrument: Formatted 42 Item Instrument:

The following set of questions deals with how you fee

The following set of questions deals with how you feel about yourself and your life. l about yourself and your life. Please remember that therePlease remember that there are no right or wrong answers.

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Circle the number that best describes Circle the number that best describes your present agreement or

your present agreement or

disagreement with each statement. disagreement with each statement.

Strongly Strongly Disagree Disagree Disagree Disagree Somewhat Somewhat Disagree Disagree Slightly Slightly Agree Agree Slightly Slightly Agree Agree Somewhat Somewhat Strongly Strongly Agree Agree 9.

9. I think it is important to I think it is important to have newhave new experiences that challenge how you experiences that challenge how you think about yourself and the world. think about yourself and the world.

1

1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 66

10.

10. Maintaining close relationships hasMaintaining close relationships has been

been difficult difficult and and frustrating frustrating for for me. me. 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 66 11.

11. I have a sense of I have a sense of direction anddirection and purpose

purpose in in life. life. 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 66

12.

12. In general, I feel confident andIn general, I feel confident and positive

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25. I have confidence in my opinions,I have confidence in my opinions, even if they are contrary to the even if they are contrary to the general consensus.

general consensus.

1

1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 66

26.

26. I often feel overwhelmed by myI often feel overwhelmed by my responsibilities.

responsibilities. 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 66

27.

27. I do not enjoy being I do not enjoy being in newin new

situations that require me to change situations that require me to change my old familiar ways of doing things. my old familiar ways of doing things.

1

1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 66

28.

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40. I know that I can trust my friends,I know that I can trust my friends, and

and they they know know they they can can trust trust me. me. 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 66 41.

41. I sometimes feel as if I’ve done allI sometimes feel as if I’ve done all

there is to do in

there is to do in life.life. 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 66

42.

42. When I compare myself to friendsWhen I compare myself to friends and acquaintances, it makes me feel and acquaintances, it makes me feel good about who I am.

good about who I am.

1