1
1
Mechanics
Mechanics
of claim
of
claim
drafting
drafting
Karin Pramberger Karin Pramberger Belgrade
Belgrade16/17 Nov 200616/17 Nov 2006
dependent
dependent
–
–
independent
independent
claims
claims
1.
1.
all
all
essential
essential
features
features
in
in
independent
independent
claims
claims
with
with
at
at
least
least
1
1
novelty
novelty
conferring
conferring
feature
feature
2.3
3
types
types
of claims
of
claims
Form allForm all thethe possiblepossible independentindependent claims, claims, trytry all
all thethe possiblepossible categories:categories: productproduct apparatusapparatus processprocess useuse Claim
Claim thethesolutionsolutionnotnot thetheproblem or aimproblem or aim!!
Inventive
Inventive
step
step
problem –problem – solutionsolution –– approachapproach 1.
1.
Determine
Determine
the
the
“closest
“
closest
prior art”
prior art”
2.
2.
Establish
Establish
the
the
“
“objective
objective
technical
technical
problem”
problem”
to
to
be
be
solved
solved
, and
, and
3.
3.
consider
consider
whether
whether
or
or
not
not
the
the
claimed
claimed
invention
invention
,
,
would
would
have
have
been
been
obvious
obvious
to
to the
the
skilled
skilled
person
person
whatwhat is is thethe technicaltechnicaleffect? (effect? (makemake
sure
sure youyou havehaveone -one - otherwise: otherwise: alternative!)
5
5
Remember
Remember
GenericGeneric –– SpecificSpecific
twotwo partpart claimclaim : “characterized: “characterized in thatin that””
1st and 2nd medical1st and 2nd medical useuse
2nd non2nd non medicalmedical useuse
scopescope of processof process claimsclaims
product-product-byby--processprocess
“product“product for….”for….”
use claimuse claim = process= process claimclaim
sufficientsufficient disclosuredisclosure
clarityclarity
Novelty
Novelty -- an examplean example
The Prior Art – what was known
The Invention
Novelty - Yes
Inventive Step – ????
7
7
How would we claim our “Pencil
How would we claim our “Pencil
Invention”
Invention”
1.
1. An elongated writing implement comprising at An elongated writing implement comprising at one end of the implement a first component one end of the implement a first component capable of marking a surface and at a distally capable of marking a surface and at a distally remote point on the implement a second remote point on the implement a second component capable of removing any marking component capable of removing any marking made by the first component.
made by the first component.
2.
2. A writing implement as claimed in claim 1 A writing implement as claimed in claim 1 wherein the first component is a graphite tip. wherein the first component is a graphite tip.
3.
3. A writing implement as claimed in claim 1 or A writing implement as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the second component is an 2, wherein the second component is an eraser.
eraser.
I
Is claim 1 of “Pencil Invention”
s claim 1 of “Pencil Invention”
novel?
9
9
own patent vs.
own patent vs. later
later
patents
patents
Always
Always claimclaimpreferredpreferredaspectsaspects otherwise
otherwisesomeonesomeoneelseelsewillwill!! own patent
later patents
Case
Case studiesstudies and and practicalpracticalexercisesexercises
1.
1.
Case
Case
study
study
:
:
Pharma
Pharma
2.
2.
Case
Case
study
study
:
:
Chemistry
Chemistry
3.
11
11
example
example
1 -
1
-
Pharma
Pharma
Your
Yourclientclientinformsinformsyouyouthatthathe hashe has foundfound thatthat compound
compound X X whichwhichis knownis known to beto be an effectivean effective insectizide
insectizide showsshows an an excellentexcellentactivityactivityas a detergentas a detergent. . Further
Further, , whenwhen heatedheatedto a temperature of aboutto a temperature of about 200 200 º
ºC C forforaboutabout15 min and subsequently15 min and subsequently cooledcooledto to roomtemperature
roomtemperature, , itit cancanbebe usedused againstagainstskinskinburns. burns. Compound
Compound X withoutX without thisthisheatingheatingprocessprocesshashasno no such
such activity. activity. YourYourclientclienthashastriedtriedto analyseto analysethethe chemical
chemical structurestructureof compoundof compoundX afterX after thisthisheatingheating process
process, , howeverhowever, he is not, he is notableableto determineto determine thethe structural
structural difference.difference. Write
Write all possibleall possible claims!claims!
Possible
Possible
claims
claims
–
–
example
example
1
1
1.
1. UseUseof of compoundcompoundX as a detergentX as a detergent..
2.
2. Detergent, Detergent, characterizedcharacterized in thatin that ititcomprisescomprises compound
compoundX.X.
3.
3. CompoundCompoundX1, X1, obtainableobtainable bybyheatingheatingcompoundcompoundX X to a temperature of 150 to 250
to a temperature of 150 to 250ººC, C, preferablypreferably, , 190 190 to 210
to 210ººC, C, forfor10 to 20 min, preferably10 to 20 min, preferably 15 min, and 15 min, and subsequently
subsequently coolingcoolingititto roomtemperatureto roomtemperature..
4.
4. CompoundCompoundX1 X1 accordingaccording to to claimclaim 3 for3 for use as a use as a medicine.
medicine.
5.
5. CompoundCompoundX1 X1 accordingaccording to to claimclaim 3 for3 for use as a use as a medicine to
medicine to treattreat skinskinburns.burns.
6.
6. PharmaceuticalPharmaceuticalformulationformulationcomprisingcomprisingcompoundcompound X1
X1 accordingaccording to claimto claim 3.3.
7.
7. TheTheformulationformulationaccordingaccording to to claimclaim 5, characterized5, characterized in
in thatthatitit is a is a topicaltopical formulation, formulation, preferablypreferably a a cream
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13
Discuss
Discuss
cases
cases
–
–
example
example
1
1
1.
1. AccordingAccordingto theto thesearchsearchreportreportof theof theEPO, EPO, compound
compoundX1 is knownX1 is known as an insectizideas an insectizide..
2.
2. AccordingAccordingto theto thesearchsearchreportreportof theof theEPO, EPO, compound
compoundX1 is knownX1 is known as theas the activeactiveingredientingredientin in creams
creamsagainstagainstacne.acne.
3.
3. AfterAfterfilingfilingthetheapplicationapplicationyouryour clientclientinformsinformsyouyou that
thathe hashe hasfoundfoundthatthatalsoalso X X cancanbebeusedusedagainstagainst skin
skin burnsburns..
4.
4. AfterAfterfilingfilingthetheapplicationapplicationyouryour clientclientinformsinformsyouyou that
thathe hashe hasfoundfoundthatthatX1 canX1 can bebeusedusedas as insectizide
insectizide
5.
5. AfterAfterfilingfilingthetheapplicationapplicationyouryour clientclientinformsinformsyouyou that
thathe hashe hasfoundfoundthatthatX1 canX1 can bebeusedusedas medicine as medicine against
against acneacne
Answers
Answers
to
to
cases
cases
–
–
example
example
1
1
1.
1. No productNo product claimclaimforfor X1 possibleX1 possible, but 1st , but 1st
medical
medical use claimuse claim
2.
2. No productNo product and no 1st medicaland no 1st medical use, onlyuse, only
2nd
2nd medicalmedical use claimuse claim forfor X1 possibleX1 possible
3.
3. File new applicationFile new application withwith 1st medical1st medical use use
claim
15
15
example
example
2 -
2
-
Chemistry
Chemistry
YourYour clientclientinformsinforms youyouthatthat he hashe has foundfound new new processes
processes a to c fora to c for producingproducing compoundcompound X. X. Further
Further, he , he hashas foundfound thatthat thesethese processesprocesses lead
lead to new crystalto new crystal formsformsof compoundof compound X, X, namely
namely A to C. He analysedA to C. He analysed thesethese formsforms and and form A is
form A is particularlyparticularly stablestable and form B is and form B is veryvery soluble
soluble whichwhichare bothare both advantageousadvantageous characteristics
characteristics. . HoweverHowever, he , he didndidn’t ’t findfind anyany advantage
advantage forforform C. Additionallyform C. Additionally, he , he obtained
obtained a form D but a form D but doesdoes notnot knowknowhow he how he produced
produced it. He it. He characterizedcharacterized all formsall forms witwitd-d -values
values, IR , IR spectraspectra and and TmTm.. Write
Write all possibleall possible claims!claims!
example
example
2
2 –
–
possible
possible
claims
claims
1.
1. Form A of compoundForm A of compound X X characterizedcharacterized in thatin that it
it hashasthethe d-d-valuesvalues……, an IR ……, an IR spectra…. spectra…. and/or a
and/or a TmTm of……..of……..
2.
2. Form B of compoundForm B of compound X characterizedX characterized in thatin that it
it hashasthethe d-d-valuesvalues……, an IR ……, an IR spectra…. spectra…. and/or a
and/or a TmTm of……..of……..
3.
3. A processA process forfor producingproducingform A accordingform A according to to claim
claim 1, characterized1, characterized in thatin that….….
4.
4. A processA process forfor producingproducingform B accordingform B according to to claim
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17
example
example
2 –
2
–
discuss
discuss
cases
cases
1.
1. TheThe searchsearch reportreport of theof the EPO EPO citescites a a document
document whichwhich disclosesdisclosesa crystala crystal form of form of compound
compound X whichX which is characterizedis characterized byby NMR.NMR.
2.
2. A competitorA competitor hashasfiledfiled a a laterlater applicationapplication claiming
claiming a new use Z fora new use Z for crystalcrystal form A. form A. What
What is theis the situation?situation?
3.
3. AnAnearlierearlier grantedgranted patent existspatent exists claimingclaiming compound
compound X as suchX as such. . CanCan youryourclientclientuse his use his forms
forms??
4.
4. YourYour clientclientfoundfound a prior art a prior art whichwhich disclosesdiscloses process
process d ford for producingproducingform D. Canform D. Can he nowhe now claim
claim D in his applicationD in his application ((knowingknowing thethe process
process)?)?
example
example
2 –
2
–
answers
answers
to
to
cases
cases
1.
1. “A new “A new parameterparameter doesn’t doesn’t makemake an knownan known object
object new” –new” – bebe preparedpreparedto prove thatto prove thatthethe claimed
claimed formsforms are new are new overover thetheknownknown one one (
(definedefine NMR of claimedNMR of claimed formsforms))
2.
2. Form A is claimedForm A is claimed as as productproduct claim: use claim: use fallsfalls under
under scopescopeof protectionof protection. But . But youryourclientclient cannot
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19
Biotech
Biotech
short
short
introduction
introduction
R. 23(b) :
R. 23(b) :
definitions
definitions
R. 23(c) :
R. 23(c) :
patentable
patentable
biotechnological
biotechnological
inventions
inventions
R. 23(d) :
R. 23(d) :
exceptions
exceptions
to
to
patentability
patentability
R. 23(e) EPC:
R. 23(e) EPC:
the
the
human
human
body
body
and
and
its
its
elements
elements
R. 23(c):
R. 23(c): patentablepatentablebiotechnologicalbiotechnological inventions
inventions
Biotechnological
Biotechnologicalinventionsinventionsshallshallalsoalsobebe patentable
patentableififtheytheyconcernconcern
biologicalbiologicalmaterialmaterialwhichwhichis isolatedis isolated fromfromitsits natural
naturalenvironmentenvironmentor producedor producedbybymeansmeansof a of a technical
technicalprocessprocessevenevenififititpreviouslypreviouslyoccuredoccuredin in nature
nature
plantsplantsor animalsor animals ififthethetechnicaltechnicalfeasabilityfeasabilityof theof the invention
inventionis notis notconfinedconfinedto a particularto a particular plantplantor or animal
animal varietyvariety
a a microbiologicalmicrobiologicalor or otherothertechnicaltechnicalprocessprocessor a or a product
product obtainedobtainedbybymeansmeansof suchof such a a processprocess other
21
21
Example
Example
3 –
3
–
Biotech
Biotech
A
A
client
client
has
has
found
found
a DNA
a DNA
sequence
sequence
which
which
leads
leads
to a mutant protein
to a mutant protein
with
with
increased
increased
binding
binding
affinity
affinity
to a
to a
specific
specific
receptor
receptor
compared
compared
to
to
the
the
natural
natural
protein.
protein.
This
This
binding
binding
to
to
the
the
receptor of
receptor of
the
the
mutant protein
mutant protein
leads
leads
to
to
increased
increased
insulin
insulin
production
production
and
and
can
can
therefore
therefore
be
be
used
used
as a medicine
as a medicine
against
against
diabetis
diabetis
.
.
write
write
all
all
possible
possible
claims
claims
!
!
Example
Example
3 –
3
–
possible
possible
claims
claims
I
I
1.
1. AnAnisolatedisolatedDNA moleculeDNA molecule, , characterizedcharacterized in in thatthatitit comprises
comprises
thethesequencesequenceSEQ ID No 1;SEQ ID No 1;
a sequencea sequencewhichwhichis at leastis at least 80%, 80%, preferablypreferably at at least
least 90%, 90%, stillstill preferredpreferredat leastat least 95% identical95% identical to
to thethesequencesequenceSEQ ID No 1;SEQ ID No 1;
a sequencea sequencewhichwhichhybridizeshybridizesunderunderstringentstringent conditions
23
23
Example
Example
3 –
3
–
possible
possible
claims
claims
II
II
3.
3. AnAnisolatedisolatedpolypeptidepolypeptidecomprisingcomprisingthethesequencesequence SEQ ID No. 2.
SEQ ID No. 2.
4.
4. ExpressionExpressionvectorvector, , characterizedcharacterized in thatin that itit comprisescomprises a DNA
a DNA moleculemolecule accordingaccording to claimto claim 1.1.
5.
5. A hostA host cell, cell, characterizedcharacterized in thatin that ititcomprisescomprisesan an expression
expression vectorvectoraccordingaccording to to claimclaim 4.4.
6.
6. A methodA method forforproducingproducinga polypeptidea polypeptide accordingaccording to to claim
claim 2 or 3, characterized2 or 3, characterized in thatin that an expressionan expression vector
vector accordingaccording to to claimclaim 4 is inserted4 is inserted into a hostinto a host cell
cell whichwhichis thenis thencultivatedcultivatedso as to express saidso as to express said polypeptide
polypeptideafterafterwhichwhichsaidsaidpolypeptidepolypeptideis isolatedis isolated..
Example
Example
3
3 –
–
possible
possible
claims
claims
III
III
7.
7. A polypeptideA polypeptide accordingaccording to claimto claim 2 or 3 for2 or 3 foruse as a use as a medicine.
medicine.
8.
8. A pharmaceuticalA pharmaceutical formulationformulation comprisingcomprisinga a polypeptide
polypeptideaccordingaccordingto to claimclaim2 or 3 and at 2 or 3 and at leastleast one
one pharmaceuticallypharmaceutically acceptableacceptableexcipient.excipient.
9.
9. UseUseof a DNA moleculeof a DNA molecule accordingaccordingto claimto claim 1 or a 1 or a polypeptide
polypeptideaccordingaccordingto to claimclaim2 or 3 2 or 3 forfor thethe production
production of a medicamentof a medicament forforthethe treatmenttreatmentof of diabetis
25
25