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A strategic alliance of and

THE ILLEGAL TRADE

IN WILD ANIMALS AND PLANTS

Collaborative Actions with the

Transport and Logistics sector

James Compton, Senior Director – Asia, TRAFFIC

FIATA World Congress 2015, Taipei

(2)

A strategic alliance of and

• Economic growth forecasts

• Vessel upsizing, container

shipping alliances

• Expansion of physical

infrastructure

• Free Trade agreements

• Growth of e-Commerce

• Local ‘touch’ or cultural context

• Logistics service models

• Industry values

• Identifying bottlenecks

• Regulatory transparency

• Compliance

(3)

A strategic alliance of and

Wildlife Trade – What Is It?

‘ Wildlife trade is the buying, selling, bartering, exchanging, importing,

exporting, re-exporting of wild animals and plants – alive or as parts and

derivatives’

Traded for…..

Food

(e.g. fisheries,

wild meat)

Building materials and

Building materials and

Fuel

(e.g. timber for

furniture)

Collectors and

Trophies

Health care

(e.g.

Traditional and Western

Medicine)

Decorations and

Decorations and

Fashion

(e.g. Luxury

Items)

Zoos, Exhibitions

(4)

A strategic alliance of and

The Legal Trade in Wildlife

• Worth around USD 320 billion/year

(majority in timber and fisheries)

• Can provide economic incentives for

sustainably managed harvests

• Contributes significantly to local

livelihoods and sustainable

development

• Some international trade regulated by

CITES (the Convention on International

Trade in Endangered Species of Wild

Fauna and Flora)

(5)

A strategic alliance of and

The

Illegal

Trade in Wildlife

• Perceived as high-profit and

low-risk

• Hugely adaptable, using legal

loopholes and sophisticated

techniques to smuggle wildlife

• Clear links to organized crime

(6)

A strategic alliance of and

http://na.unep.net/geas/getUNEPPageWithArticleIDScript.php?article_id=95

Estimated Value Of Illegal Wildlife Trade

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A strategic alliance of and

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Nu

m

b

e

r

o

f

R

h

in

o

s

K

il

le

d

Currently, every 7

hours a rhino is

illegally killed in

South Africa.

(8)

A strategic alliance of and

Elephant Ivory Crisis

• More than 30,000 elephants

are killed every year to supply

demand for ivory

• Illegal trade in African

elephant ivory at its highest

levels

• African ivory is illegally moved

into Asian countries where

market demand persists

(9)

A strategic alliance of and

Why Does It Matter to FIATA Members?

• Wildlife traffickers highly rely on legitimate logistics, land, air

and sea carrier services to move their commodities nationally

and transnationally

(10)

A strategic alliance of and

Transport Supply Chains

(11)

A strategic alliance of and

Regional Trends of Supply and Demand

• Significance of Asia’s rapid

economic growth

• Expanding transport,

finance & communications

infrastructure

• Higher demand for:

Traditional Medicine

Luxury goods

Wild meat

Pets

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A strategic alliance of and

Illegal Ivory Trade Routes

Large-scale (>500kg) seizures of ivory where trade routes were known, 2012 - 2013 (ETIS November 2013)

(13)

A strategic alliance of and

• 2.3 tons of

African pangolin scales

hidden in two shipping containers

• Believed to have come from more than 8,000 animals

• Declared as timber

• Shipment route: Central Africa, via East Africa, Southeast Asia and seized in Hong

Kong

(14)

A strategic alliance of and

©Pornchai Kittiwongsakul (AFP)

Complex Trafficking Routes (2)

• 3 tonnes of

ivory

tusks

• The cargo container

was declared as ‘11

tonnes of TEA

LEAVES’

• Cargo moved from

East Africa, through

South Asia, into

Southeast Asia

bound for Lao PDR

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A strategic alliance of and

Viet Nam - three seizures in August 2015 in Da Nang

• From Mozambique – 593kg ivory, 142kg rhino horn

(MZ-MY-VN tbc)

• From Nigeria (full route tbc) – 2.2 tonnes ivory

• From Malaysia (full route tbc) – 1t ivory, 4t pangolin

scales

Concealed in cargoes of marble, wood and red beans

A strategic alliance of and

Complex Trafficking Routes (3)

(16)

A strategic alliance of and

Part of 850 kg of ivory seized in Hong Kong in May 2014 from 16

Vietnamese ‘mules’ traveling by air from Angola – Ethiopia – Hong

Kong – South Korea – Cambodia in 32 suitcases.

Credit: Hong Kong government

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A strategic alliance of and

WHAT CAN THE TRANSPORT AND

LOGISTICS SECTOR DO?

(18)

A strategic alliance of and

Awareness of Wildlife Trafficking ...

(19)

A strategic alliance of and

Learning To Speak The Same Language

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A strategic alliance of and

AIR

SEA

Passenger airlines

Air cargo carriers

and couriers

Shipping lines

Small shipments of live

animals or high-value,

low-weight animal products

typically hidden in carry-on or

checked-in luggage, or on

passengers.

Examples:

Rhino horns,

elephant ivory curios and live

reptiles.

Larger shipments, live animals.

Airmail parcels of relatively

small and light to medium

weight wildlife products.

Examples:

Pangolin products,

elephant ivory, animal skins,

tortoises, rare plants, tiger and

lion bones.

Bulky, heavy weight shipments

mixed with legal commodities in

sealed containers. Nearly 3/4

of large-scale ivory seizures by

weight in sea containers.

Examples:

Elephant ivory,

timber, large live animals.

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A strategic alliance of and

Regulatory Checks and Transport Channels

Import

COUNTRY B

Export

COUNTRY A

TECHNIQUES:

Custom Evasion

Concealment /

Fraud

Falsification of

Documents

Forging of

Documents

(22)

A strategic alliance of and Local transport Local transport Mail/Express courier Passenger airline Trucking, railroad, air & sea cargo carriers

Processing of wildlife products might take place at different points along the chain Processing of wildlife products might take place at different points along the chain

© M. Zavagli/TRAFFIC

Sender forwarderFreight Customs

Broker Customs Broker

Buyer

CITES Management

Authority*

Air, sea, land port

Bank Bank Port authority Terminal operators Subcontracted pre-inspection companies Cargo handlers Courier (‘passenger mule’) Courier Insurance Freight forwarder Port authority Terminal operators Subcontracted pre-inspection companies Cargo handlers Airport security Sub-contracted companies

(e.g. luggage handling and security services)

Air, sea, land port

*For export of CITES-listed species only

Source Country

International Transit

Consumer Country

Market

(medicine, food, pets, luxury goods)

Customs Customs

Supplier

(Poacher)

Middle man Middle man

Middle man

Logistics companies

Airport security Sub-contracted

companies

(e.g. luggage handling and security services)

Consolidation & local transport Consolidation & local transport

Analysing the Supply Chain

(23)

A strategic alliance of and

Turning Risks Into Opportunities

REPUTATIONAL

RISK

LEGAL RISK

ECONOMIC RISK

OPPORTUNITIES

OPPORTUNITIES

Demonstrate a sector/company’s commitment to an illegal wildlife-free business, through

for example:

Adoption of approaches and policies that address wildlife conservation and trade

concerns (e.g. codes of conduct)

Awareness raising among partners and employees

‘Know your clients’ and Red Flag on unusual behavior/patterns

Information sharing & capacity building – vocational training programmes

‘Responsible trade management’ marketing and company profile benefits

(24)

A strategic alliance of and

Read the Report :

Read the Report :

Promoting Industry-led Actions

Download the report at:

(25)

A strategic alliance of and

…and Public-Private Sector Partnerships

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A strategic alliance of and

REDUCE MOTIVATION FOR CRIMINAL

INVOLVEMENT IN POACHING AND ILLEGAL TRADE

Increase the effort

criminals need to

make

Increase the indirect

and direct risks

Reduce the rewards

Protective interventions at source Private Sector Avoidance Visibility and exposure Law, enforcement and judicial action Consumer demand reduction

Stop the Poaching:

Helping to strengthen field

protection, including by

strengthening community

incentives for protection

Stop the Trafficking: prompting and

supporting stronger governance and

enforcement action to suppress trafficking

Stop the Buying:

Motivating change in

consumer behaviour

International Policy:

Mobilising policy pressure, ensuring transparency and compliance

A Holistic Approach

Community support for conservation Seize criminal assets

(27)

A strategic alliance of and

Thank you

www.traffic.org

https://www.facebook.com/trafficnetwork/

https://twitter.com/TRAFFIC_WLTrade

©Martin Harvey/Canon-WWF

References

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