Mastering very high speed

(1)

François Lacôte

Senior vice president

March 2008

(2)

A history of speed in France…

1972 Gas turbine unit TGV001 achieved 318km/h (197.6 mph)

1978 Pre-series PSE achieved 260 km/h (161.6 mph)

1981 PSE16 achieved 380km/h (236 mph)

1988 PSE88 achieved with 408.4 km/h (253.8mph)

1989 TGV Atlantique reached 482 km/h (300 mph)

1990 World record of 515.3 km/h (320.3 mph)

(3)

The objectives

Explore for the first time the speeds beyond 500 kph

measure and validate under real-life conditions

the aerodynamic, acoustic, dynamic and vibratory phenomena

Validate the critical components of Alstom’s two train platforms:

the TGV Duplex and the AGV

2 TGV East power cars

3 TGV Duplex coaches

standard production components

2 AGV bogies + traction components

(4)

The test train

(the two platforms tested on the test train)

The goals

4 In partnership with RFF

In partnership with RFF

In partnership with RFF &&&& SNCF

SNCF

Running direction

M2

R8

R4

R1

M1

Motor trailer

VIP coach

AGV bogies

Instrumented

Instrumented wheel

wheel

wheel set

set

Instrumented active pantograph

Laboratory

Laboratory coach

coach

(5)

Motor bogies

Gear box :

114,2 km/h per 1000 tr/m

Gear box :

116,7 km/h per 1000 tr/m

Power car : motor bogie

(6)

(7)

Main measurements

Command / control traction

• equipment East TGV (concentred power)

• traction AGV (distributed power)

Electrical measurement (voltage, power, etc..)

Dynamics of bogies (Y & Q forces, lateral acceleration)

Dynamics of the train (safety & comfort)

(8)

(9)

World speed record : 574.8 km/h

28 runs at speed above 500 km/h

728 km cumulated

320 km/h

500 km/h

(10)

Main results : Electrical results

Compresseur

Motrice 2

Remorque 4

Bloc moteur 1

Bloc moteur 2

TFP

Bloc commun

Coffre Traction 2

TFP

Coffre Traction 1

Coffre commun

Coffre self 2

Coffre self 1

0 50 100 150 200 250 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 vitesse (km/h) e ff o rt ( k N ) POS - 150 (1950kW) AGV - 150 (1000kW) Total RAME V150

Asynchronous motor

•Nominal power 1160 kW

•Maximal power 1950 kW

Permanent magnet motor

•Nominal power 800 kW

•Maximal power 1000 kW

Traction equipment layout

AGV traction equipment for two bogies

(11)

M2

R8

R4

R1

M1

Evolution de l'efficacité acoustique de l'écran en fonction de la vitesse au passage (exemple de la configuration d'écran n°1)

-10,0 -5,0 0,0 5,0 10,0 15,0 20,0 2 0 2 5 3 2 4 0 5 0 6 3 8 0 1 0 0 1 2 5 1 6 0 2 0 0 2 5 0 3 1 5 4 0 0 5 0 0 6 3 0 8 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 5 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 5 0 0 3 1 5 0 4 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 6 3 0 0 8 0 0 0 G lo b a l A Tiers d'octave (Hz) G a in ( d B ) 320km/h (RameV150) 390km/h (RameV150) 448km/h (RameV150) 472km/h (RameV150)

Sound Barrier performances vs. speed and shape

Acoustic Imaging

Noise Source Characterization

Running direction

Evolution du LAeq en fonction de Log(V) pour la rame V150 sur les sites des PK188 & PK195

y = 62,457x - 62,29

R

2

_{= 0,9243}

y = 29,306x + 23,637

R

2

_{= 0,9789}

y = 51,315x

2

_{- 220x + 326,64}

R

2

_{= 0,9898}

y = 29,268x + 24,174

R

2

_{= 0,9828}

y = 57,056x

2

_{- 248,75x + 362,02}

R

2

_{= 0,9943}

y = 65,026x - 68,773

R

2

_{= 0,939}

90

95

100

105

110

115 2,1

2,2

2,3

2,4

2,5

2,6

2,7

2,8

Log (V/V0) (V0=1)

L

A

e

q

(

d

B

A

)

Laeq Rame V150 (PK195) Laeq Rame V150 (PK188)

Laeq RameV150 (PK195) 200km/h<V<300km/h Laeq RameV150 (PK188) 200km/h<V<320km/h Laeq RameV150 (PK195) V>400km/h Laeq RameV150 (PK188) V>400km/h

Régression logarithmique - V>400km/h (PK195) Régression logarithmique - 200km/h<V<300km/h (PK195) Régression polynomiale (ordre2) -200km/h<V<540km/h (PK188) Régression logarithmique - 200km/h<V<320km/h (PK188) Régression polynomiale (ordre 2) - 200km/h<V<575km/h (PK195) Régression logarithmique - V>400km/h (PK188)

Log(126) Log(158) Log(200) Log(251) Log(316) Log(398) Log(501) Log(631)

K ~ 30

60 < K < 70

( )

0 ( )

0

10 log

L

V

K

V

L

_

+











×

=

• K ~30

Rolling Noise.

• K ~60-70

Aero-acoustic

320 kph

480 kph

Exterior Noise Evolution

(12)

Niveaux sonore des microphones intérieurs en fonction de la vitesse (Marche M51-04)

y = 0,052x + 60,419

R

2

_{= 0,993}

y = 0,136x + 53,286

R

2

_{= 0,965}

y = 0,0416x + 53,91

R

2

_{= 0,9868}

y = 0,046x + 52,708

R

2

= 0,988

y = 0,046x + 52,447

R

2

_{= 0,991}

48

50

52

54

56

58

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

74

76

78

80

82

84

86

88

90

92

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600 Vitesse (en km/h)

N

iv

e

a

u

s

o

n

o

re

e

n

d

B

(A

)

(r

é

f:

2

0 µ

P

a

)

M1b

M3b

M6b

M10b

Pas

sen

ger

com

part

men

t

M2

R8

R4

R1

M1

Microphones sous bogies : Marche 51_04 à 554,4 km/h

75 85 95 105 115 125 135 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Fréquence en Hz N iv e a u s o n o re e n d B ( ré f : 2 0 µ P a ) M7 M9 M9'

Bogie Cavity Characterization

at 300 to 575 kph

AGV

Motor

TGV

AGV ~ Trailer TGV ~

[Motor TGV – 2dBA]

Trailer

TGV

Running direction

Interior Noise Evolution

S

o

u

n

d

l

e

v

e

l

d

B

A

Ins

ula

tion

eff

ect

- 1

0 d

BA

Pla

tfo

rm

S

o

u

n

d

l

e

v

e

l

d

B

(13)

M2

R8

R4

R1

M1

Running direction

IWS

ACC Y , ACC Z

IWS

ACC Y , ACC Z

ACC Y

ACC Z

ACC Y

ACC Z

ACC Y

ACC Z

ACC Y

ACC Z

T

G

V

M

o

to

r

B

o

g

ie

T

G

V

T

ra

il

e

r

B

o

g

ie

A

G

V

B

o

g

ie

Y,Q Forces Analysis

Carbody and Bogie Acceleration Analysis

• Dynamic behaviour

−

Measured lateral Y and vertical Q forces remained well under safety limits

(

50% of margin for

Y forces and 25 % margin for Y/Q

)

, including in high cant deficiency

(

163 mm at 450 kph

)

−

Even at very high speed, the comfort level reached in the coaches was very good

(

comfort

level at 500 kph equivalent to the one of Corail coaches at 200 kph

)

−

AGV bogies have lower level of acceleration than those of the TGV trailer bogies