agency, and possession, 117 Agrippa d’Aubign é , 16 , 136n16
Agrippa of Nettesheim (Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa Von Nettesheim), 75 , 76 , 158n5 Alciati, Andrea, 75 , 77 , 89 , 96 , 97 , 158n6 allegory, and realist hypothesis, 63–5 Althusser, Louis, 169n58
amende honorable , 109 , 124 Ames, Christine Caldwell, 168n55 Anges, Jeanne des, 18 , 104 , 105
Anthony, St. See Temptation of Saint Anthony appeals: mandatory process of in witchcraft
cases, 87 and Marlou witchcraft trial, 109 Apuleius, 30 Aquinas, Thomas, 33 , 54 Aristotle, 54 , 80–1 Arnold, John H., 141n3 , 148n88 Aubry, Nicole, 106 Augustine, 33
auricular regime. See hearing authority: and Bodin on sabbat, 32 ; and
interpretations of witchcraft in early modern demonology, 33 Bavoux, Francis, 137n21 Baxter, Christopher, 153n64 Behringer, Wolfgang, 136n16 benandanti , 40
Bible: and Bodin’s religious beliefs, 32 , 155n80 ; and De Lancre on Eve as fi rst “witch,” 61 ; and Weyer’s metaphor of labyrinth, 77 .
See also exegesis Blair, Ann, 137n26 Blanchot, Maurice, 123–4
Bodin, Jean: on acquisition of diabolical knowledge by witches, 62 ; biography of,
140n56 , 140n58 ; and corpus of
demonological literature, 5–6 , 13 , 15 , 136n16 ; and defi nition of witch, 117 ; and hierarchy of evidence in witchcraft trials, 32 , 142n17 ; on implausibility of witches’ confessions, 86–8 ; and literalism in demonology, 64 ; natural philosophy and demonology of, 8 , 33 , 52–3 ; and plagiarism, 140n57 ; and proof in witch-craft trials, 22–3 , 73 , 91 , 142n16 ; and realist hypothesis, 3 , 19 ; and religious
motivations for witchcraft prosecutions, 77–8 , 154n77 , 155n80 ; on reputation as evidence in witchcraft trials, 112 ; and role of confession in witchcraft trials, 24 , 27 , 30–1 , 34–5 , 74 , 92 , 108 , 146n65 , 149n11 , 152n41 ; self-censorship of works on demonology by, 65 , 145n55 ; on theories of the senses and place of hearing in witchcraft prosecutions, 4 , 50 , 52–3 , 54 , 56 , 57–61 , 95 , 96–7 ; on trial of Gilles de Rais, 166n19 ; and trial of Jeanne Harviller, 2 , 7 , 23 , 30 , 34 , 64 , 74 , 97 , 135n4 , 146n65 ; on uniformity of witches’
confessions, 37 , 39 , 151n36–8 ; and use of term demonomania , 16 ; and Weyer’s treatise on witchcraft, 76 , 79 , 80 , 156n89 ; and witchcraft as nocturnal crime, 49 , 57–61 , 150n17 . See also De la d é monomanie des sorciers Bo ë s, Jean, 144n48–9 Boguet, Henri, 5–6 , 25 , 27 , 29 , 33 , 37 , 48 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56–7 , 136–7n19 , 143n36 , 144n50 , 147n73 , 149–50n13 , 150n21 , 156n94 Bosch, Hieronymus, 68 , 71 Bossy, John, 136n13 Boureau, Alain, 167n33 Bovelles, Charles de, 55
INDEX
Briggs, Robin, 9 , 106 , 108 , 142n24–5 , 146–7n70 , 166n18 , 168n55 , 169n57
Broedel, Hans Peter, 148n88 Brooks, Peter, 148–9n93 Bud é , Guillaume, 139n51 Butler, Judith, 103 , 115 , 121–2 , 169n63–4 , 171n7 Cahouet, Jehan, 108 , 109–10 , 112–13 , 130–2 , 167n38 , 169n72 calendar, reform of in 1582, 107 , 119 Canon Episcopi (c. 906), 3 , 27–8 , 136n10–11 Cardano, Gerolamo, 75 , 84 , 86 , 158n7 , 163n95 Castelli, Enrico, 72
Catholic Church. See Christianity ; religious institutions
causality, and Marlou witchcraft trial, 113–20 Cave, Terence, 145n61 , 151n27 , 164n2 C é ard, Jean, 142n16 , 167n37 Certeau, Michel de, 18 , 138–9n40
Christianity: and Bodin’s religious convictions, 60 , 77–8 , 154n77 , 155n80 ; and sense of faith through hearing, 54 . See also Bible ; religious institutions ; Wars of Religion
Cicero, 80–1
Clark, Stuart, 9 , 11 , 51 , 90 , 136n15 , 136n18 , 137n23 , 138n33 , 151n23 , 160n48 , 162n68 Cohn, Norman, 9
Compagnon, Antoine, 145n61
concordance, and referentiality of witchcraft confessions, 84
confession: authenticity of, 148–9n93 ; and conclusions on demonology in early modern France, 126–33 ; debate on legal exceptions granted to witchcraft prosecu-tions and decline of role in jurisprudence, 73–102 ; and demonology as subject of book, 3–5 ; Foucault on, 138n39 , 164n4–5 , 165n15 , 168n50 ; hearing and theories of senses in witchcraft trials, 44–72 ; and
Marlou witchcraft trial, 106–25 ; and psychoanalysis, 20 , 146–7n70 ; and realist hypothesis, 6 ; role of in epistemolog-ical project of French demonology, 7–16 ; and Roman-canon law of proof, 21 , 90–1 , 141n15 , 147n80 ; rules for as evidence in trials and interpretation of in demonological literature, 19–43 ; as source of knowledge for demonology, 2 . See also reiteration ; sabbat ; silence ; voluntariness ; witchcraft
confessio oris , 4 , 35 , 88 Conley, Tom, 51
Conrad, Joseph, 64 , 156n98
consistency, explanations for in witches’ confessions, 39–40
Copeland, Rita, 156n95
corpus delicti , 82–5 , 92
counterterrorism, and legacy of early modern demonology, 132–3
crimen exceptum , 48 , 82 , 84 , 92 , 132–3 Crochet, Marguerite, 113
cultural compromise, and uniformity of witches’ confessions, 40
cultural implicit, and privileged epistemological status of confession, 3
cumulative process, in making of European witchcraft theory, 40 Cynegetica (Oppian 1555), 15 Cyrano de Bergerac, 90 , 160n45 Daemonology (James I 1597), 16 Delcambre, É tienne, 137n20 Delrio, Martin, 65 , 80 , 157n99 , 161n51 Demonax (second-century Cynic
philosopher), 33
Demonet, Marie-Luce, 162n70 , 162n78
Demon Lovers: Witchcraft, Sex, and the Crisis of Belief (Stephens 2002), 136n15 , 148n82
La Demonol â tria (R é my 1595), 6
De la d é monomanie des sorciers (Bodin 1580), 2 , 7 , 8 , 13 , 16 , 21 , 24 , 28 , 30 , 31 , 48 , 50 , 54 , 58 , 65 , 73 , 74 , 79 , 80 , 86–7 , 96 , 135n4 , 136n16 , 150n17 , 153n61 , 153n64 .
See also Bodin, Jean
demonology: debate on legal exceptions granted to witchcraft prosecutions and decline of confession in jurisprudence, 73–102 ; examination of corpus of literature on, 5–7 ; hearing and theories of the senses in examples from accounts of witchcraft trials, 44–72 ; lessons drawn from methods of, 126–33 ; role of confession in epistemo-logical project of, 3–5 , 7–16 ; rules for using confession as evidence in witchcraft trials and hermeneutic principles for interpreta-tion of, 19–43 ; use of term, 16–17 ; witches’ confessions as source of knowledge for, 2 .
See also witchcraft Descartes, Ren é , 104
Deutsch, Niklaus Manuel, 68 , 70 devil, and aural teachings, 61–3
devil’s mark, as evidence in witchcraft trials, 53 , 73 , 74 , 110
Directorium Inquisitorum (Eymerich 1376), 21 , 46 , 47
Discours execrable des sorciers (Boguet 1603), 6 , 29 , 33 , 48
Discours de la m é thode (Descartes 1637), 104
Discours des spectres (Le Loyer 1608), 7 , 14 , 51 , 55–6 , 95
discursivity: and referentiality as criteria for confessions, 84 ; and role of confessional evidence in Roman-canon law of proof, 74–5
De Doctrina christiana (Augustine c. 400 A.D.), 33 Dor é , Barbe, 34
Ecstasies: Deciphering the Witches’ Sabbath (Ginzburg 1991), 40
editing: and Bodin’s self-censorship, 65 , 145n55 ; of confessions in witchcraft trials, 30–6 England, and witchcraft trials, 91 , 161n56 Epicurean philosophy, 100–1
Erasmus, 77 , 161n61 Erastus, Thomas, 62–3 , 156n89
An Errant Eye (Conley 2011), 51
Les Essais (Montaigne 1580), 7 , 12 .
See also Montaigne, Michel de Estienne, Henri, 50
etymology, and Bodin on sabbat, 32 exegesis, 32–4
Eymerich, Nicolau, 21 , 46 , 47 , 149n5
facti transeuntis , 83 family. See mother/daughter Fauchet, Claude, 154n77 Febvre, Lucien, 51
Ferguson, Gary, 139n41 , 164n2
folklore, and witchcraft studies, 41 , 148n82 Forcadel, Etienne, 140n58
formatting, and uniformity of witches’ confessions, 39–40 Formicarius (Nider c. 1438), 33 Foucault, Michel, 10–12 , 20–1 , 35 , 42–3 , 103–6 , 111 , 127–30 , 132 , 138–9n39–40 , 138n36 , 164n4–5 , 165n15 , 165n8 , 168n50 , 171–2n14 , 171n8–9 Frame, Donald, 161n62 , 163n88 , 163n92 France: confessional regime of demonology in
early modern, 3–5 ; debate on legal exceptions granted to witchcraft prosecu-tions and decline of confession in jurispru-dence, 73–102 ; hearing and theories of senses in accounts from witchcraft trials in early
modern, 44–72 ; judicial practice in witchcraft trials compared to Spanish Inquisition, 142n23 ; legacy of witch-hunts and witchcraft trials in, 126–33 ; process of becoming a witch in trial records from central, 103–25 ; and role of confession in epistemological project of demonology, 7–16 ; rules for use of confessions in witchcraft trials in early modern, 19–43 Freud, Sigmund, 35
Frisch, Andrea, 168n53 Galen, 94–5
gender: and knowledge of witches, 156n87 ; and use of term witch , 17–18 ; and Weyer’s analysis of witchcraft, 76 , 159n14 ; witchcraft accusa-tions and psychic identity of womanhood, 148n89 Ginzburg, Carlo, 9 , 40–2 , 120 , 148n86–7 Girault, Bernard, 56 , 107 , 108–9 , 110 , 111 , 113–14 , 117 , 118 , 119–20 , 166n23 , 166n25 , 167n32 , 168n51 Girault, Estienne, 107 , 111 , 115–16 , 118 , 119 , 120–1 , 122 , 170n91 Girault, Joachin, 108 , 116 , 118 , 119
Giving an Account of Oneself (Butler 2005), 114
Golden Ass, The (Apuleius c. 170 A.D.), 30 Gott é . See Girault, Estienne
Goulart de Senlis, Simon, 76 Grafton, Anthony, 13
grammar, of witchcraft subjectivity, 114–20 Greenblatt, Stephen, 164n2 Gr é vin, Jacques, 75 , 76 , 158n11 Grillando, Paolo, 77 , 159n17 Guerre, Martin, 92 , 93 , 97 , 166n19 Guerrier, Olivier, 172n17 Gui, Bernard, 149n5 guilt. See proof
hallucinations, and uniformity of witches’ confessions, 39
Harvillier, Jeanne, 1–2 , 7 , 23 , 34 , 64 , 74 , 97 , 135n4 , 135n9 , 146n65
hearing: and debate on role of confessions in witchcraft prosecutions, 94–9 , 102 ; demonology’s reliance on sense of, 4 , 94–9 ; and iconographic tradition of ear as gateway for the sacred, 152n45 , 152n47–9 ; materialism and Montaigne’s critique of role of in witchcraft prosecutions, 100–1 ; vision com-pared to, 51–5 , 157n100 . See also senses
heresy: and role of confessions in witchcraft trials, 21 , 22 , 46
L’Histoire de la folie à l’Age Classique (Foucault 1976), 10
L’Histoire de la sexualit é (Foucault 1976), 10–11 , 20 , 103 , 111 , 128 , 130 , 132 , 149n94 , 164n4 , 168n50
history: and estimates of number of victims of witch-hunts, 127 ; place of witchcraft studies in contemporary, 12–13 ; and revisionism in study of witchcraft, 18 . See also intellectual history ; legal history ; political history ; sci-ence ; social history
Hoff mann, George, 14 , 139n50 , 152n47 , 161n52 Hopkins, Matthew, 161n56
Houdard, Sophie, 9 , 39 , 139n45 , 147–8n81 , 149n8 , 156n97 , 157n103 , 157n109 , 169n72 Huppert, George, 139n50
hysteria, as an explanation for witch-craze, 18 , 38 . See also melancholia
illusionist hypothesis, 19 , 85 , 136n12 , 159n17 .
See also realist hypothesis
De incantationibus (Pomponazzi 1567), 78 , 158n8
De incertitudine et vanitate scientarum (Agrippa of Nettesheim 1526), 76
L’Incr é dulit é et mescr é ance du sortil è ge (de Lancre 1622), 6
indicia (circumstantial evidence), 21 , 22
inimica scientia , 65–8
Inquisition: comparison of Spanish to French judicial practice, 142n23 ; and origins of demonology, 21–2
inquisitio generalis and inquisitio specialis , 82 , 83
institutions: and demonology as extreme exam-ple of uses and abuses of confession, 36 ; and parallel between psychiatry and early mod-ern witch-hunts, 146n69
intellectual history, and witchcraft studies, 9 intention, and interpretation of demonological
texts, 34–5
interpellation, and Marlou witchcraft trial, 113 , 120 , 125
interrogation, and contemporary American debate on terrorism suspects, 66 , 132–3 intertextuality, and sabbat narrative, 12 , 34 James I, 16
Jardine, Lisa, 13
Jeanne ou la r é volte (fi lm), 135n9
Jonin, Pierre, 166n22 Judaism, 60
judges: hearing and theories of senses in early modern witchcraft trials, 45–8 ; and implausibility of witches’ confessions, 87 ; and remonstrances in witchcraft trials of early modern period, 24
Kabbala, 60
Kieckhefer, Richard, 66
knowledge: acquisition of about witchcraft, 155–6n85–7 ; and Montaigne’s critique of demonology in “Des Boyteux,” 101 ; oral transmission of diabolical, 61–3 ; and process of becoming a witch in trial records from central France, 103–25
Koslofsky, Craig, 150n17
labyrinth, as metaphor in Weyer’s De praestigiis daemonum , 77–8 , 94–5 , 100 , 159n24 Laguardia, David, 164n2 lamiae (witches), 62 , 76 , 94 , 155–6n87 De Lamiis (Weyer 1577), 76
Lancre, Pierre de, 4 , 5–6 , 14 , 23 , 29–30 , 32 , 33 , 37 , 44 , 48 , 49 , 51 , 54 , 58 , 66 , 71 , 73–4 , 80 , 91–3 , 98–9 , 141n23 , 142n19 , 143–4n36 , 144–5n51–2 , 147n72 , 147n74 , 155n82 , 164n99 Langbein, John H., 12 , 75 , 83 , 90 , 141n15 , 147n80 , 162n71 , 162n76–7 Lateran IV Council (1215), 20 , 103 , 111 Lavocat, Fran ç oise, 3 , 19 , 139n45 , 159–60n31 ,
162n66
lectio diffi cilior , 87–8
legal history: and confession as center of early modern trials for witchcraft, 4 ; and debate on legal exceptions granted to witchcraft prosecutions, 4–5 , 73–102 ; and education in law and literary studies in sixteenth-century France, 13–16 ; and rules for use of confes-sions in witchcraft trials in early modern France, 19–43 . See also appeals ; judges ; proof Le Loyer, Pierre, 5–6 , 6–7 , 14 , 27 , 37–8 , 49 , 51 , 55–6 , 58 , 59 , 95 , 141n9 , 151n27 , 152n48 , 159n28 Leushuis, Reinier, 172n17 Levack, Brian, 8 , 148n82 L é vy, Bernard-Henri, 138n36 L é vy-Bruhl, Henri, 162n76
Liber de sensibus (de Bovelles 1509), 55 literary studies: hermeneutic principles for
demonological literature, 19–43 ; and legal education in sixteenth-century France, 13–16 ; and literary analysis of demonological literature, 12 Long, Kathleen P., 139n41 Loudon possessions, 98 , 104 Lymosin, Romble, 113 Maclean, Ian, 139n46 , 164–5n5 Ma ï monides, Moses, 60 , 153n67 Maldonat, J., 14
Mallet-Joris, Fran ç oise, 135n9
Malleus malefi carum (1487), 4 , 7 , 12 , 21 , 22 , 24 , 26 , 27 , 33 , 35 , 46–7 , 136n11 , 141n10 , 143n34 , 144n38 , 149n7
Mandrou, Robert, 12 , 87 , 136n16 , 138–9n40 , 141n14 , 165n15
Marlou witchcraft trial, 56 , 106–25 , 130–2 , 148n81 , 166n23 , 170n77
Martin, John Jeff ries, 165n17 , 170n91 Massys, Quentin, 72
materialism, and Montaigne’s critique of role of hearing in witchcraft trials, 100–1
medicine. See hysteria ; melancholia
De medicina nova (Erastus 1570), 62 melancholia, and medical explanations for
witchcraft, 76–7 , 97–8 . See also hysteria Mesnard, Pierre, 140n58
Michelet, Jules, 165n15
Montaigne, Michel de, 5–7 , 12 , 50–1 , 75 , 80–6 , 88–9 , 95–101 , 127 , 130 , 160n35 , 160n37 , 160n45 , 161n51 , 164n99 , 164n103–4 , 166n19 , 166n26 , 172n17
mother/daughter, and relationships of accused witches, 1–2 , 34 , 146n65
Muchembled, Robert, 115 , 167n33 Murray, Margaret, 38–9 , 40 , 41–2 , 165n15
La Naissance de la clinique (Foucault 1963), 10 Nakam, G é ralde, 160n37
name-calling, and accusations of witchcraft, 112–13
natural philosophy, and demonology of Bodin, 8 , 33 , 52–3
Nider, Johannes, 33
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 114 , 169n59 , 169n63–4 night: and Bodin on witchcraft and
noctur-nal visitations, 57–61 , 150n17 ; and nature of witchcraft in French demonology, 48–54 nocturnal eavesdropping, and gathering of
evidence, 47–8
notorium facti , 73 , 74 , 108 , 109
O’Brien, John, 160n38 , 162n75 , 172n17 observation: and Bodin on natural philosophy,
8 ; and theories of the senses, 51–2 occult, use of term, 17
De occulta philosophia (Agrippa of Nettesheim 1533), 76
Oedipus and the Devil: Witchcraft, Sexuality and Religion in Early Modern Europe (Roper 1994), 41 , 147n70
Les Œ uvres et meslanges po é tiques (Le Loyer 1579), 14
Ong, Walter, 157n100
On the Inconstancy of Witches. See Tableau de l’inconstance des d é mons et mauvais anges Oppian, 15
Oratio de Instituenda in Republica Juventute, ad Senatum populumque Tolosatem (Bodin 1559), 15
Paige, Nicholas, 164n2 Paracelsus, 51–2
parallel passages, and interpretation of witches’ confessions, 33–4
Parerga (Alciati 1538), 97
parrhesia , and interpretation of Marlou witchcraft trial, 128–32 , 171n8 , 172n17 Patinir, Joachim, 68 , 72
Patriot Act (U.S.), 132 Pe ñ a, Francis, 46 Peters, Edward, 12
philosophy. See Epicurean philosophy ; natural philosophy ; Plato ; Socrates
Piron, Guillemette, 107–8 , 110–11 , 112 , 118–19 , 122–5 , 143n29–30 , 167n42 , 169n72 , 170n81 Plato, 59 , 62
plausibility, and Weyer’s criteria for validating witches’ confessions, 79 , 85–90
poisoners and poisoning, and Weyer’s analysis of witchcraft, 78
political history, of science, 10–11 , 132 Pomponazzi, Pietro, 75 , 78 , 140n64 , 158n8 ,
159n28
Ponzinibio, Gianfrancesco, 77 , 84 , 85 , 86 possession: Foucault on, 104 , 165n8 ; hearing
and theories of the senses in interpretations of, 55–6 ; and Marlou witchcraft trial, 106 , 117–18 , 168n51 , 170n77
Postel, Guillaume, 163n97
De praestigiis daemonum (Weyer 1563), 49 , 50 , 62 , 76 , 77 , 97 , 98
Prierias, Sylvestro, 16
prisons, Marlou witchcraft trial and conditions of, 110
proof: Bodin’s presentation of rules of, 22–3 ; Roman-canon law and legal criteria for in witchcraft trials, 21–2 , 25 , 74–5 , 90–3 , 102 , 141n15 , 147n80 ; and Weyer’s analysis of witchcraft, 78–9
prophecy, and Bodin’s religious and philosophical beliefs, 58–61 , 155n80 psychiatry: Foucault on witch prosecutions
and, 138n39 ; parallel between institutional and early modern witch-hunts, 146n69 .
See also psychoanalysis
Psychic Life of Power: Theories in Subjection, The (Butler 1997), 114 , 121
psychoanalysis: as modern version of confession, 20 , 146–7n70 ; as compared to demonology, 35–6 ; and truth in self-narratives, 64–5 . See also psychiatry Pyrrhonism, 50 , 81–2 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 Quintilian, 81
Ragu, Pierre, 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 115 , 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 , 123 , 168–9n57
realist hypothesis: and allegory, 63–5 ; and confessional regime of demonology, 3 , 101–2 ; in demonological literature, 6 , 12 ; distinction between illusionist hypothesis and, 136n12 ; and literalism, 63–5 , 127 ; and plausibility of witches’ confessions, 85–6 , 89–90 ; and refer-entiality of witches’
confessions, 84–5 , 89–90 ; and Roman-canon law of proof, 90–1 ; and theories of the senses, 50 ; and uniformity of witches’ confessions, 37 ; and views of the sabbat, 19–20 , 28 ; Weyer’s critique of, 77 , 95 referentiality: and Weyer’s criteria for
validating confessions, 79 , 81–5 , 89–90 ; and sabbat narratives, 12
reiteration, of standard version of sabbat narrative, 40
religious institutions, and confession
as annual obligation, 20 . See also Christianity ; Judaism remonstrances , of judges in witchcraft trials, 24 R é my, Nicolas, 5–6 , 28–9 , 54 , 143n36 , 145n56
Repetitio disputationis de lamiis seu strigibus (Erastus 1579), 62
repressive hypothesis, and Foucault’s critique of confession, 20
reputation, as evidence of guilt in witchcraft trials, 112 , 113 . See also rumors
revisionism, and history of witchcraft, 18 Roper, Lyndal, 9 , 28 , 41–2 , 106 , 147n70 , 148n89 ,
157n101 Rue, Abel de la, 74
rumors, and accusations of witchcraft, 112–13 , 149n8
sabbat: Bodin on evidence in witchcraft trials, 32 ; concept of in early modern Europe, 2–3 , 19 ; demonology and production of, 35–6 ; form of narratives on, 9 ; and uniformity of witches’ confessions, 36–9 .
See also confessions ; witchcraft
Saint Anthony Tempted by Demons (Schongauer), 69 , 70 Salazar, Philippe-Joseph, 55 , 152n48 , 153n54 Scaliger, Joseph, 161n61 Schachter, Marc, 139n41 , 172n17 Schongauer, Martin, 68 , 69 , 70 Sch ü z, Jonathan, 137n24
science: political history of, 10–11 , 132 ; and role of confession in French demonology, 7 ; use of term, 17
Scot, Reginald, 140n64 Sears, Elizabeth, 152n45 Semell é , Marin, 108 , 113 , 117–18 senses, theories of in accounts of
witchcraft trials in early modern France, 44–72 . See also hearing ; vision
De sensibus (Theophrastus), 49–50
De Sensu et sensato (Aristotle), 54
September 11 terrorist attacks (New York), 132 Sextus Empiricus, 50 , 51
sexuality: and early modern demonology, 20 ; Foucauldian understanding of, 35 , 128 .
See also L’Histoire de la sexualit é
silence: and Marlou witchcraft trial, 110–11 ; and refusal to confess as additional proof of guilt, 25–6 , 143–4n36 ; “spell of silence” compared to idea of repression in psychoanalysis, 36
Sluhovsky, Moshe, 168n51 , 170n77
social belonging, and Marlou witchcraft trial, 121–2 , 170n91
social history, and witchcraft studies, 9–10 Socrates, 58–61 , 171–2n14
Soman, Alfred, 12 , 87 , 136–7n19 , 167n38
Les Sorciers du carroi de Marlou: un proc è s de sorcellerie en Berry (1582–83), 106–25 Sprenger, Jacobus, 21
Stephens, Walter, 9 , 27 , 51 , 61–2 , 88 , 136n11 , 136n15 , 140n61 , 148n82–3 , 151n28 , 161–2n62 Strier, Richard, 164n2
subjectivity: causative structures and grammar of, 114–20 ; concept of in early modern France, 165n17 ; Foucault on confession and, 168n50 ; and Marlou witchcraft prosecutions, 122–5 , 131 ; and uniformity of witches’ confessions, 43 ; and witchcraft studies, 103–6
Sullivan, Karen, 141n3 Szasz, Thomas S., 146n69
Tableau de l’inconstance des d é mons et mauvais anges (de Lancre 1612), 4 , 6 , 14 , 29 , 33 , 48 , 61 , 66–7 , 99 , 144–5n51–2
Tableau de l’inconstance de toutes choses (de Lancre 1607), 6 Tabourdet, Jehan, 107 , 109 , 111 , 113 , 115 , 116–17 , 118 , 119 , 167–8n44 , 167n38 , 167n42 Tacitus, 88 , 161n62 Taylor, Charles, 103 , 104
temptation of Saint Anthony, images of in era of demonology, 68–72
Tentler, Thomas, 136n13 terminology, of demonology and
witchcraft, 16–18
terrorism, and contemporary American debate on interrogation, 66 , 132–3
Tertullian, 67
textual analysis, and demonological literature, 12 , 34–5
Theater of Nature (Universae naturae theatrum) (Bodin 1590), 8 , 52
Theophrastus, 49–50 , 51 , 151n25
Thinking with Demons: The Idea of Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe (Clark 1997), 9 , 136n15 , 137n23 , 138n33
torture: judges and impasses in trials, 46 ; Marlou witchcraft trial and threat of, 110 ; and Roman-canon law of proof, 24 ; and “voluntary” reiterations of confessions, 22 , 80–1 , 142n25
Tramoy, Toussainct, 112
Trois â ges de la nuit: histoires de sorcellerie (Mallet-Joris 1968), 135n9
truth: allegory and realists’ literalism, 63–5 ; confession and demonological production of, 21 , 26–36 ; hearing and theories of the senses in witchcraft trials, 54–7 Turn è be, Adrien, 15 , 140n57 , 161n61
uniformity, of early modern witches’ confessions, 36–43
Universae naturae theatrum . See Theater of Nature Valente, Michaela, 137n24
Valerius Maximus, 77
Vanities of the Eye: Vision in Early Modern European Culture (Clark 2007), 51 Vascosan, Michel, 140n57
Vernois, Rollande de, 153n56 Vidal, Jacques, 153n62 Vincent, Leonarde, 113
violence, and labyrinth as metaphor in demon-ology, 77 . See also torture
vision: and decline of auricular regime of demonology, 94–9 , 102 ; hearing compared to, 157n100 ; importance of for Weyer, 163n96 . See also senses
voluntariness: contemporary legal debate on, 160n34 ; torture and reiterations of confes-sions, 22 ; and Weyer’s criteria for validating confessions, 79–81
von Kamen, Elsa, 23
Wars of Religion (France), 78–9 , 107 Webster, John, 160n45 werewolves, 78 , 82–3 Weyer, Johann, 5 , 6 , 19 , 26 , 49 , 50 , 55 , 62 , 64 , 75–90 , 94–5 , 98 , 100 , 102 , 156n89 , 159n14 , 159n17 , 163n95–6 Wilkin, Rebecca, 9 , 61 , 63 , 139n45 , 151n25 , 156n97 , 163n96 , 170n91
Williams, Gerhild Scholz, 155n85 Wimmers, Inge, 162n65 Wirth, Jean, 170n91
witchcraft: acquisition of knowledge about, 155–6n85–7 ; and Bodin’s defi nition of witch , 34–5 ; Foucault and Michelet-Murray hypothesis of, 165n15 ; and process of becom-ing a witch in trial records from central France, 103–25 ; sabbat and defi nition of in early modern Europe, 19 ; use of term, 16–18 ; and Weyer on witches’ spells, 94 .
See also demonology ; Harvillier, Jeanne ;
lamiae ; sabbat
Witch Craze: Terror and Fantasy in Baroque Germany (Roper 2004), 41
Witch-Hunt in Early Modern Europe, The (Levack 1995), 8
Wygant, Amy, 162n64 Ziarnko, Jan, 99
