MATERIALS FOR DRINKING WATER INSTALLATIONS. Ljubljana, Mai 2016 Robertino Turković and Wolfgang Werner

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MATERIALS FOR DRINKING WATER INSTALLATIONS

Ljubljana, Mai 2016

Robertino Turković and Wolfgang Werner

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PRODUCTS AND MATERIALS

Metallic materials Plastic materials Elastomers

Coatings

Water meter: Construct of different components and materials

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Damage at the water Impairment of the function

Damage of the component

CORROSION EFFECTS – STEEL MATERIALS

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FORMATION OF PROTECTING SCALES

ZnO CuO Cu O ₂

CuC O ₃ C u(O H) ₂ Malachite

Cuprite Tenorite Zinc oxide

Operation period:

4.5 years

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Lead in copper alloys: chip breaker

0 % Pb 0,2 % Pb

1,7 % Pb 3,0 % Pb

Fotos: Wieland AG

MACHINING

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COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 98/83/EC

Council Directive 98/83/EC of 3 November 1998

on the quality of water intended for human consumption

(21) Whereas the parametric values are to be complied with at the point where water intended for human consumption is made available to the appropriate

user;

(22) Whereas the quality of water intended for human consumption can be influenced by the domestic distribution system; whereas, furthermore, it is recognised that neither the domestic distribution system nor its maintenance may be the responsibility of the Member States;

(23) Whereas each Member State should establish monitoring programmes to

check that water intended for human consumption meets the requirements of

this Directive; whereas such monitoring programmes should be appropriate to

local needs and should meet the minimum monitoring requirements laid down

in this Directive;

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COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 98/83/EC

Council Directive 98/83/EC of 3 November 1998

on the quality of water intended for human consumption

Article 10

Quality assurance of treatment, equipment and materials

that no substances or materials for new installations used in the preparation or

distribution of water intended for human consumption or impurities associated with such substances or materials for new installations remain in water intended for human

consumption in concentrations higher than is necessary for the purpose of their use and do not, either directly or indirectly, reduce the protection of human health provided for in this Directive; the interpretative document and technical specifications pursuant to Article 3 and Article 4 (1) of Council Directive 89/106/EEC of 21 December 1988 on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to construction products (1) shall respect the requirements of this Directive.

Anhang

PART B Chemical parameters PART C Indicator parameters

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GERMAN DRINKING WATER ORDINANCE - 2012

§ 17 Requirements for installations for the obtention, treatment or distribution of drinking water

(1) Installations for the obtention, treatment or distribution of drinking water must be planned, built and operated at

least according to the generally recognised codes of practice.

Revision of section 17 (§17) TrinkwV 2001

Obligation to use generally recognised codes of practice!

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GERMAN DRINKING WATER ORDINANCE - §17

Requirements:

(2) Materials used for the construction or maintenance of installations that are used for the obtention, treatment or distribution of drinking water and come into contact with drinking water may not

1. directly or indirectly compromise the protection of human health provided for in this Ordinance,

2. adversely affect the odour or taste of the water or

3. leach substances into the drinking water at quantities larger than those

inevitable when the generally recognised codes of practice are complied with.

Responsibility:

The entrepreneur and other owner of installations for the obtention, treatment or

distribution of drinking water must ensure that only materials are used for construction or maintenance that comply with the requirements mentioned in sentence 1.

New: Clear naming of the responsibility

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GERMAN DRINKING WATER ORDINANCE - §17

Bewertungsgrundlagen (Evaluation Criteria):

(3) The Federal Environmental Agency shall stipulate … requirements according to section 2 sentence 1 Bewertungsgrundlagen (Evaluation criteria) …

Content:

* Test methods with test parameters,

Test criteria and methodological requirements

* Positive lists of starter materials including restrictions

* Positive lists of materials including restrictions concerning their use in certain products or with certain drinking water qualities

Determinations:

* Application procedures of positive lists

* Consultation of Laender, the Bundeswehr, the Federal Railway Authority as well as the interested expert communities and associations

* Support by Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR)

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GERMAN DRINKING WATER ORDINANCE - §17

Bewertungsgrundlagen (Evaluation Criteria):

Legally binding:

* 2 years after publication

(Evaluation criteria for metallic materials 10.04.2017)

Vollzug:

* Public health department can claim compliance of requirements of evaluation criteria of construction and obtention.

* Violations are classing as administrative offences (till 50.000 €)

Certificates:

(5) Products and procedures are assumed to comply with the requirements of sections 1 to 3 if this was confirmed by means of a certificate issued by a certifier accredited for the drinking water sector.

(Certificates are options and voluntary; Alternative: self-declaration of manufaturer)

* No demands for conformity confirmation (test report, certificate)

 In preparation: UBA Guideline: Guideline for conformity confirmation

Requiremets according to 2002/359/ EG for CPDWs: CE label according to 1+ -System

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HYGIENIC SUITABILITY OF METALLIC MATERIALS IN CONTACT WITH DRINKING WATER – GERMANY

Prüf- und Bewertungsverfahren

EN 15664

„Einfluss metallischer Werkstoffe auf Wasser für den menschlichen Gebrauch - Dynamischer Prüfstandversuch für die Beurteilung der Abgabe von Metallen“

Teil 1: „Auslegung und Betrieb“; 06/2008 Teil 2: “Prüfwässer”; 06/2010

DIN 50930-6

„Korrosion der Metalle - Korrosion metallener Werkstoffe im Innern von Rohrleitungen, Behältern und Apparaten bei Korrosionsbelastung durch Wässer

- Teil 6: Bewertungsverfahren und Anforderungen hinsichtlich der hygienischen Eignung in Kontakt mit Trinkwasser“; 10/2013

Bewertungsgrundlage des Umweltbundesamtes – Liste hygienisch geeigneter metallener Werkstoffe

Metall-Bewertungsgrundlage, Bewertungsgrundlage für metallene Werkstoffe im Kontakt mit

Trinkwasser des Umweltbundesamtes, Umweltbundesamt; 10.04.2015; Erste Änderung 19.01.2016

Geschäftsordnung des Umweltbundesamtes

Geschäftsordnung des Umweltbundesamtes zur Führung der Liste der trinkwasserhygienisch geeigneten metallenen Werkstoffe; 06/2013

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HYGIENIC SUITABILITY OF METALLIC MATERIALS IN CONTACT WITH DRINKING WATER – 4MS-GROUPE

Test and assessment procedures

EN 15664

„Influence of metallic materials on water intended for human consumption - Dynamic rig test for assessment of metal release“

Part 1: “Design and operation“; 06/2008 Part 2: “Test waters”; 06/2010

4MS Common approach

Acceptance of metallic materials used for products in contact with drinking water Part A – Procedure for the acceptance; 2^nd Revision 07.03.2016

Part B – 4MS Common composition list; 5^th Revision 07.03.2016

Declaration of intent

between the competent authorities of France, Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom concerning the approval of products in contact with drinking water (drinking water quality); 28.01.2011

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ACCEPTABLE CONTRIBUTIONS AND REFERENCE CONCENTRATIONS FOR ACCEPTANCE OF METALLIC CONSTITUENTS OF METALLIC PDW

4MS Common Approach, DIN 50930-6 – consideration of geogenic effects

Parameter Parametric or reference value of European

Drinking Water Directive or Guidance Value

Acceptable contribution from

metallic PDW

Reference

concentration “RC”

for

Acceptance Scheme

Copper¹⁾ 2000 µg/L 90 % 1800 µg/L

Zinc * 3000 µg/L 90 % 2700 µg/L

Tin * 6000 µg/L 50 % 3000 µg/L

Lead ¹⁾ 10 µg/L 50 % 5 µg/L

Bismut * 10 µg/L 90 % 9 µg/L

Nickel ¹⁾ 20 µg/L 50 % 10 µg/L

Aluminium 200 µg/L 50 % 100 µg/L

Arsenic 10 µg/L 50 % 5 µg/L

Antimony 5 µg/L 50 % 2,5 µg/L

* German UBA or WHO guidance value

1) The value applies to a sample of water intended for human consumption obtained by an adequate sampling method at the tap and taken so as to be representative of a weekly average value ingested by consumers.

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TEMPORAL DEVELOPMENT OF LEAD CONCENTRATIONS - STAGNATION TESTS ACCORDING TO EN 15664-1

Stagnation curves according to EN 15664-1

Stagnation time in hours

0,1 * CEP(T,t) in µg/L Pb

0,5 3

1,0 5

2,0 8

4,0 13

8,0 18

16,0 21

Arithmetic Mean

0,1 * MEP(T) 9,5

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METAL RELEASE FROM METALLIC MATERIALS LEAD FROM LEADED COPPER ALLOYS

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 ,1* ME P (T i )n µ g /L P b

0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32

Reference concentration Lead: 5 µg/L Pb

CW602N

CuZn39Pb3

CuSn5Zn5Pb5-B CuZn35Pb2Al-C CuZn36Pb2As

Opperation period in weeks

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4MS COMMON APPROACH

PART B – 4MS COMMON COMPOSITION LIST

5 Copper-zinc-lead-arsenic-aluminium alloys

CC770S ist Ersatz für Werkstoff CC752S*, gelistet auf UBA-Liste

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Foto: Dr. van Loyen, IKS Dresden

Brass valve after water change

CORROSION RESISTANCE - DEZINCIFICATION

CW 614N, CuZn39Pb3

KS_4,3 = 2,5 mmol/L; Cl^- = 40 mg/L pH = 7,7; Operation period = 2 years

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STRESS CORROSION CRACKING

 material sensitive to stress corrosion cracking

 + considerable tensile stress in material and product

 + corrosion-enhancing media

Preconditions for stress

corrosion cracking

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PLATINGS- FUNCTIONAL – NICKEL CHROMIUM

Ball valves

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PLATINGS WITH NICKEL– DECORATIVE PLATINGS

NICKEL RELEASE

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PLASTIC MATERIALS FOR CPDWs

PVC Polyvinylchloride PE Polyethylen

PP Polypropylen PB Polybuten PA Polyamid

POM Polyacetal PS Polystyrol

PPE Polyphenylenether PUR Polyurethan

PPSU Polyphenylensulfon

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ORGANIC MATERIALS – GUIDELINES OF

GERMAN FEDERAL ENVIRONMENT AGENCY

 KTW Guideline; Guideline for Hygienic Assessment of Organic Materials in Contact with Drinking Water; 07.03.2016

 EN 16421, Influence of materials on water for human consumption - Enhancement of microbial growth (EMG); 05/2015

(Replacement of DVGW W 270 and enhancement)

 Coating Guideline; 16.03.2016

 Elastomer Guideline; 16.03.2016

 Elastomer Guideline: Extended transition period of part 2 of positive list of basic materials; status 23.02.2016

till 31.12.2021

 Lubricant Guideline; 16.03.2016

 Thermoplastic elastomers; 09.05.2014

 Modelling Guideline; 07.10.2008

 De Minimis Guideline; 18.04.2011

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TESTS ACCORDING TO KTW GUIDELINE

PRODUCT TEST!

 Formulation review (positive lists)

 Exposition in test water (3 x 3 days) according to EN 12873-1, (if need extension to 22. migration period)

- fulfillment of basic requirements:

(TOC, organoleptic (odour / taste))

 If need fulfillment of substance-specific supplementary requirements

 warm/ hot water test if needed

 Range of application related requirements (pipes, tanks, CPDWs, gaskets etc.)

 Test certificates are linked to manufacturer, manufacturing method and manufacturing facilities

 Validity of test certificates normally 5 years

 No offical validity respectively acceptance for on-site manufacturing

CPDWs (e.g. tank coating)

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MIKROBIAL GROWTH ON MATERIALS – BIO FILMS Example: Shower head

 Genereller Einsatz: ≤ 0,05 + 0,02 mL

 Großflächige Dichtungen (Kategorie D1): ≤ 0,12 + 0,03 mL

 Kleinflächige Dichtungen (Kategorie D2): ≤ 0,20 + 0,03 mL

Vorgaben für Oberflächenbewuchs – Bezugsfläche 800 cm

²

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EPOXY RESIN COATINGS – PRACTICAL EXPERIENCES

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CONTAMINATION FROM GERMS

Problems:

Contamination of water meters by pseudomonas aeruginosa

 Avoidance of construction-conditioned dead volumes

 Regular water exchange

 Minimisation of potential for germs

 Observance of hygienic measures during production, calibration, installation and maintenance

Requirements:

DVGW W 570-1, Armaturen für die Trinkwasser-Installation

- Teil 1: Anforderungen und Prüfungen für Gebäudearmaturen; 03/2013 DIN 4807-5, Expansion vessels

- Part 5: Expansion vessels - Part 5: Closed expansion vessels with

membrane for drinking water installations; Requirements, test, design and designation; DVGW code of practice; 03/1997

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PRODUCTS IN DRINKING WATER INSTALLATIONS – REQUIREMENTS FOR PRODUCTS AND MATERIALS

• Hygienic harmlessness

• Observance of technical functions during intended life time cycle

• Corrosion Resistance

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USABILITY

Pressure resistance: Water meter: no predetermined breaking point!

Static test: 10 min with 3 PFA (48 bar)

Dynamic test: 200000 load cycles from 1,5 bar to 21 bar

Requirements of DVGW standard W 421

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IMPAIRMENT OF THE FUNCTION

Water meter: Scale of a mechanical counter

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ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS - ALUMINIUM

Aluminium Al

³⁺

⇌ Al −1,66 V

Composite pipe

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CONTACT

Thank you

for your Attention

____________________________________________________

TZW: DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser _

Dr.-Ing. Robertino Turković / Prüfstelle Wasser und Korrosion Wasserwerkstr. 4 / 76137 Karlsruhe / Germany

T +49 (0)721 93163-13 / F +49 (0)721 93163-99 robertino.turkovic@tzw.de / www.tzw.de

_______________________________________________

TZW: DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser

_

Dr.-Ing. Wolfgang Werner / Prüfstelle Wasser und Korrosion Wasserwerkstr. 4 / 76137 Karlsruhe / Germany

T +49 (0)721 93163-18 / F +49 (0)721 93163-99 wolfgang.werner@tzw.de / www.tzw.de

MATERIALS FOR DRINKING WATER INSTALLATIONS. Ljubljana, Mai 2016 Robertino Turković and Wolfgang Werner