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David L. Schwartz Professor of Law Co-Director, Center for Empirical Studies of Intellectual Property Chicago-Kent College of Law

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--- From: Schwartz, David [email redacted] Sent: Wednesday, May 06, 2015 1:54 PM To: WorldClassPatentQuality

Cc: Jay Kesan

Subject: Comments on Enhancing Patent Quality Please see the attached document.

David L. Schwartz Professor of Law

Co-Director, Center for Empirical Studies of Intellectual Property Chicago-Kent College of Law

View my research on my SSRN Author page:

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TheHon.Michelle  K.  Lee UnderSecretaryofCommerce

Director,U.S.PatentandTrademarkOffice Viae-­‐mail

Re:RequestsforCommentsonEnhancingPatentQuality May6,  2015

Dear  Director  Lee:

WegreatlyappreciatetheUSPTO’soutreachtothecommunityinitseffortsto enhance  patent quality. We write in  response to the USPTO’s requests for commentsonenhancingpatentquality.

Asacademicswhoresearchandteachintheareaofpatents,wecommendthe USPTOonattemptingtoimproveitspatent  operationsandprocedures.  Webelieve thatsensitiveandeffectivereformscouldpaydividendsforusersofthepatent system,includinginventors,assignees,competitors,improvers,andothersaffected bythesystem.Wesupport  theUSPTO’seffortsandwant  theUSPTO  tobeas

successfulas  possible  inits  enhanced  quality  initiative.  

Wewritethiscommentnottoofferspecificreform  proposals.Instead,wewriteto encouragetheUSPTOtoconductandrelyuponempiricalanddata-­‐driven  studies  to   improveitsoperationsandprocedures.Anobjective,data-­‐drivenapproachpermits therigorousexaminationofpotentialchangestooperationsandprocedures.Rather thanrelyingupontheviewsofdominantstakeholders,anempiricalapproachcould permittheUSPTOtoassessthesuccessorlikelysuccessofvariousalternative proposalsforreformingprocessesandprocedureswithintheUSPTO.  

Webelievethat  thedata-­‐drivenstudiescancomefrom  avarietyofsourcesincluding   sources  insideand  outside  the  USPTO.  Byreleasingmorerawpatent-­‐related  data, theUSPTOcanfacilitateacademicresearchintothepatentsystem.TheUSPTO’s recentreleaseofpatentandtrademarkassignmentdata,aswellasitsforthcoming releaseofPAIRdata,  isastepinthe  rightdirection.  Rawdata,especiallyonavery   granularbasis,form  thebasisofnumerouspotentialacademicstudies.Inaddition  to academicstudies,theUSPTOcanstudyitselfusingdata-­‐drivenmethods.Nomatter whoconductsthestudies,  empiricalstudiesmaybeabletolocatetrendsinUSPTO operationsandproceduresthataredifficulttoidentify,theproverbialforestfrom   thetrees.  

Additionalempiricalwork,eitherfrom  theUSPTOoroutside,willaidtheUSPTO. CredibleempiricalstudieswillpermittheUSPTO  toevaluatepotentialpositive  and negativeeffectsasit  considersanyinternalreform.

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Separately,webelievethattheUSPTOshouldembracerandomizedcontrolledtrials orexperiments(RCT),eitherconducted  by  the  USPTOitself  orincoordination  with appropriateacademics.AnRCTisoneinwhichparticipantsarerandomlyassigned toatreatmentorcontrolgroup.Ifdoneproperly,afterrandomization,the

differencesbetweenthegroupsshouldbecausedbythetreatmenttheyreceive. RCTsareconsideredthe  ‘gold  standard’inevaluating  the  effectiveness  ofa

proposedchange.InthecontextoftheUSPTO,RCT  couldbeutilizedtosoundly  and objectivelyevaluatechangesinpatentexamination,andotherproposedchangesin USPTOoperations  andprocedures.

Insummary,asacademicswestronglyrecommendthattheUSPTOfocusmore acutelyondata.Throughreleasingmorerawdatatothecommunityandanalysis internally,  the  USPTOshould  useadata-­‐driven  approach  to  evaluating  potential improvementsinUSPTOoperations  and  proceedings.

Respectfullysubmitted, /s/

David  L.Schwartz Professoro Law

IIT/Chicago-­‐Kent  CollegeofLaw Jay  P.Kesan

Professoro Law

University  ofIllinois  College  ofLaw DavidS.Abrams

Professoro Law

University  ofPennsylvania  LawSchool JohnR.Allison

ProfessorofBusinessAdministration

UniversityofTexas,McCombsSchoolofBusiness IainM.Cockburn

ProfessorofManagement Boston  University  

ChristopherA.Cotropia Professoro Law

UniversityofRichmondLawSchool Dennis  D.Crouch

AssociateProfessorofLaw

University  ofMissouri  SchoolofLaw 2

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Michael  D.  Frakes

AssociateProfessorofLaw

Northwestern  University  LawSchool AlbertoGalasso

AssociateProfessorofStrategicManagement University  ofToronto

DeepakHegde

AssistantProfessorofManagement&Organizations NYU-­‐Stern  SchoolofBusiness

NaomiR.Lamoreaux

ProfessorofEconomicsandHistory YaleUniversity

MarkA.Lemley Professoro Law Stanford  Law  School RonaldJ.  Mann Professoro Law Columbia  Law  School Michael  J.  Meurer Professoro Law

Boston  University  School  ofLaw LeePetherbridge

Professoro Law

LoyolaLawSchool–LosAngeles ArtiK.Rai

Professoro Law

Duke  University  SchoolofLaw JasonA.Rantanen

AssociateProfessorofLaw University  ofIowa  College  ofLaw Michael  Risch

Professoro Law

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  MarkSchankerman

ProfessorofEconomics

LondonSchoolofEconomicsandPoliticalScience Christopher  B.Seaman

AssistantProfessorofLaw Washington  &LeeLawSchool TedSichelman

Professoro Law

University  ofSanDiegoSchoolofLaw Matthew  L.  Spitzer

Professoro Law

Northwestern  University  LawSchool ShineTu

AssociateProfessorofLaw

West  Virginia  UniversityCollegeofLaw MelissaF.Wasserman

AssociateProfessorofLaw

University  ofIllinois  College  ofLaw Brian  D.  Wright

Professor

UniversityofCalifornia,DepartmentofAgriculturalandResourceEconomics RosemarieH.Ziedonis

AssociateProfessorofManagement

University  ofOregonLundquistCollege  ofBusiness VisitingFellow,HooverInstitutionofStanford  University

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