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Modification of 4- Stroke Petrol Engine in Compressed Air Engine (CAE)
Pranav Mishra, I. A. Rizvi, Ghanshyam Das
1,Student of M. Tech([email protected]),
2Associate Professor ([email protected]), Mechanical Engineering Department, IEC College of Engineering & Technology, Greater Noida, U.P., (India),
3Assistant Professor, BBDIT Ghaziabad, U.P., (India).
Abstract:Humanity is continually searching for proficient and poison free method for driving their machine. Ongoing advancement in light and solid material has supported us to accomplish those less demanding ways. In display consider a 4 stroke motor was altered into 2 stroke motor, and was utilized to keep running on compacted air innovation. Some test was performed on the adjusted motor to think about the adequacy of the motor.
Index Terms- Compressed air Technology, Solenoid valve, Scuba cylinder, Contact breaker
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I. INTRODUCTION
The current circumstance of consumption in petroleum derivative and skyscraper in cost of gas has constrained analysts to discover different wellsprings of vitality to supplant non-renewable energy source. Some exhibited the possibility of electric engine, half breed motor and recently created Compressed Air Engine (CAE). A Compressed Air Engine is a kind of motor which utilizes compacted air innovation to create helpful work yield. The thought is to store packed air inside a tank. The compacted air inside the tank has substantial measure of vitality, and this vitality can be utilized to move the cylinder of a motor. The forward and backward development of cylinder inside the motor chamber brings about age of helpful work vitality.
III. DESIGN OF CAE
Another age Compressed Air Engine comprise of exceedingly designed parts to guarantee smooth running and high proficiency. The plan of CAE comprises of compacted air scuba chamber, solenoid valve, cylinder motor and fumes tail. A compacted air tank is critical piece of CAE. A packed air tank is where very pressurized compacted air is put away. Along these lines, a packed air tank act like a powerhouse for the CAE and is in charge of driving the cylinder motor .The vitality inside a Compressed air tank originates from exceptionally pressurized air. Be that as it may, the expansion in the estimation of weight inside the holder can prompt busting of compartment. It is important to fabricate a compartment with higher quality to manage such high estimation of weight. One such solution is increasing the thickness of the container walls. Increasing the thickness can give the structural strength to container, but at the same time it increases the weight of the container. The increase in weight of the container is not favourable while designing a
vehicle. The compressed air is not easy to store in compact vessel while considering the weight reduction of vehicle.
Thus, there is a need of some high strength material to design a container (or a compressed air tank), which is light in weight at the same time. The higher modulus and break durability managed by the silica-filled epoxy/carbon fiber composite empowers a tank outline that weight less yet has more noteworthy limit in same impression. A tank made of carbon fiber will help in dodging the danger of busting by giving colossal quality and at same time it will be lighter in weight. The carbon fiber pack air tank will have an outlet, going through the throttling valves, associating the channel of the motor [14].
A solenoid valve is provided between the compressed air tank and the air engine to check the amount of air flow into the engine from compressed air tank. As the inlet valve opens the engine comes in direct contact with the compressed air stored in the tank. The high-pressure air rushes into the engine chamber for the expansion. The expansion of the compressed air drives the piston to create movement, replacing the burning of fossil fuel in a conventional engine. The expansion of compressed air takes place when the engine piston is at TDC. The compressed air acting on the surface of piston head leads to the development of high pressure on the piston head. Highly pressurized air passed into the engine chamber pushes the piston and creates the movement of piston from TDC to BDC [14].
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Fig.2.2 Scuba cylinder(Used in present work)
Fig.2.6 solenoid valve(Used in present work) A motor for business creation should be proficient with high
control like regular vehicles. In the event that the vitality required to control the vehicle is effectively accessible and is less expensive. The auto ought to have high power and torque. A CAE meet to the first criteria of the costumers as it uses the normal surrounding air as a fuel to run the engine.
The air around us is in abundant volume and is also free as discussed above. Further, the second requirement of the car buyer is the power and efficiency of the engine to do their required work. An engine is best graded by its efficiency.
An engine is always compared with other engine based on its efficiency. Proficiency of a motor means how much yield vitality it can produces for a given measure of info vitality.
The vitality productivity of CAE can be given as the proportion of yield vitality delivered by the motor to the information vitality connected to the motor. Subsequently, after effectively fuelling the CAE with less expensive vitality, the second critical undertaking was to acquire higher power yield from the packed air. The fundamental question of utilizing compacted air innovation is to acquire a higher estimation of work yield for significantly less measure of information vitality (in type of packed air) from a CAE. The genuine intensity of the motor can be just controlled by test perception and numerical computation. An examination display outlined of CAE demonstrates that when the solenoid valve is opened to permit expansive stream of compacted air into the motor chamber, it result in the speedier speed of the auto with a most elevated estimation of torque yield. Consequently, it gives a test evidence that a CAE has much better torque to do work like ordinary motor. Be that as it may, the torque produced by CAE continues diminishing with the diminishing weight inside the compacted air tank. In this manner, a packed air needs to beat such disservice.
V. OVERVIEW OF THIS PAPER
The survey of writing gives a concise prologue to the development of CAE, it introduces the issue of spillage and wastefulness that are confronted while outlining the segments of CAE and how they can be survived. Further, it likewise covers the benefits of utilizing CAE in decreasing the vitality emergencies and bringing down the an Earth- wide temperature boost. Be that as it may, the idea of running the auto utilizing CAE still need some concentration in creating foundation to control the auto. This paper shows the idea of my CAE configuration, introduces the idea of changing an ordinary 4-stroke inner ignition motor into a 2- stroke motor to run utilizing packed air innovation, displays the reason for my CAE testing, and talks about its favorable circumstances and give a review on CAE future improvement
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3 CIRCUIT DESIGN OF CAE
VII. MODIFICATION TO CAE
To adjust a 4-stroke motor into a 2-stroke motor, it is vital to comprehend the working idea of a 4-stir inner ignition motor. As the name suggests, a 4-stroke motor comprise of 4 distinctive stir, to be specific suction stroke, pressure stroke, control stroke, and fumes stroke. A stir is characterized as the as the separation travel amongst TDC and BDC. An inward burning motor likewise comprises of two stir synchronize valve i.e. channel valve and outlet valve. A gulf valve controls the stream of air-fuel blend inside the motor chamber and an outlet valve controls the stream of fumes consumed gases out of barrel chamber. The first stroke of an ideal internal combustion engine starts
when the piston is at TDC. At this point the inlet valve of the engine also start opening. During the suction stroke the piston move from TDC to BDC, this movement of piston causes the decrease in pressure over the piston head and creation of suction. Thus, when the inlet valve opens during the suction stroke, the air-fuel mixture gets sucked inside the engine chamber. The second stroke begins when the cylinder is at BDC. Now the delta valve of the motor get shut and it stay shut till the following end of forward stroke.
Amid the pressure stroke the cylinder moves from BDC to TDC. The development of cylinder from BDC to TDC causes the air-fuel blend to pack and increment of the weight inside the motor chamber.
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The third stroke starts when the piston is again at the TDC.
At this point the ignition of the air-fuel mixture is triggered by the spark plug inside the engine chamber. The ignition of the air-fuel mixture causes a sudden increase of pressure inside the engine chamber. This high-pressure act over the piston and pushes the piston from TDC to BDC. The movement of piston causes generation of output power from the engine due to which this stroke is known as power stroke. The forth stoke start when the piston is at BDC. At this point the outlet valve of engine also start opening.
During exhaust stroke the piston move from BDC to TDC, this movement of piston pushes the burned-out gasses out of engine chamber through outlet valve opening. The outlet valve just opens for exhaust stroke. In internal combustion engine, the lower end of the piston is connected to the crank shaft. For every stroke of piston, the crank shaft rotates for 90°. Thus, the crank shaft rotates for 720° (or two complete
revolutions) during the 4-stroke of the piston. This means in four-stroke engines, a single power stroke is produced every 4th stroke. Where as in two stroke engines, a power stroke are produced on every 2nd stoke.
These all plan system were considered while changing a 4- stroke into 2 stroke motors. In the present plan, a 150cc 4- stroke start interior ignition motor was utilized. To adjust this motor into 2-stroke and run it with CAT, alteration was finished by switching the planning gear setup of cam shaft, bay spout and valve timing of the motor. The plan of motor is an essential 4 stroke motor in any case, rather than getting a power stroke in elective upheaval this motor was changed to get a power stroke in each upset of the wrench shaft. In the first place, change of cam shaft: initially the cam shaft was intended to keep running on a four-stroke motor with the opening and shutting of an outlet valve at first and fourth stroke separately.
Fig.3.1 Modified cylinder head (Used in present work)
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5 This composed was adjusted to close and open the gulf and
outlet valve at each 1800 upset of wrench shaft. Second, change of timing gear: The speed proportion of timing rigging to the wrench shaft equip was adjusted from 2:1 to 1:1, in this way giving an equivalent transformation to the planning gear concerning the insurgency of wrench shaft which prompts the transformation of 4-stroke motor into a 2-stroke motor. Third change of gulf valve the carburettor of
motor valve is expelled and a channel spout is given so the outlet of compacted air tank can be associated with the Compressed Air Engine. Fourth, adjustment of bay and outlet valve spring: the carburettor of motor valve is expelled and a bay spout is given with the goal that the outlet of compacted air tank can be associated with the Compressed Air Engine. Fifth, the firmness of the springs utilized as a part of the valves was expelled.
VIII. TESTING 1.1 Experimentation and testing:
1.1.1 Variation of RPM with PRESSURE at no load condition:
S.No Pressure(bar) RPM(avg)
1. 7 685
2. 8 749
3. 9 860
4. 10 945
5. 11 1030
6. 12 1125
7. 13 1205
1.1.2 Variation of rpm with pressure at different loading condition:
S.No Pressure(bar) Load(Newton) RPM
1 8 49 407
2 8 98 345
3 8 147 235
4 10 49 910
5 10 98 737
6 10 147 623
7 12 49 1008
8 12 98 894
9 12 147 755
10 14 98 1040
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11 14 147 890
3.5.3 Calculation of torque, Indicated power & Brake power:
Formula used in this calculation:
Torque (T) = Tension * Radius of engine shaft Radius of engine shaft = 0.0295m
Indicated Power (IP) = indicated network × cycles/sec IP = PLA n K/ 60,000 kW Where,
P = indicated mean effective pressure (8, 9, 10….14) (bar) L = Length of stroke (meter) =0.0495mm
A = area of piston (m2) =0.00196
N = speed in revolution per minute
n = no. of power stroke per minute (N for a two stroke engine)
K = no. of cylinder= 1
BP (Brake Power) = 2πNT/60000 KW Where,
N=RPM of engine T=Torque of engine
Mechanical efficiency = BP/IP
3.5.4 Observation table:
Pressure(bar) Torque(N-m) Brake
power(kW)
Indicated power(kW)
8 1.034 0.044 0.527
8 1.747 0.063 0.447
8 2.321 0.057 0.304
10 1.034 0.134 1.473
10 1.747 0.151 1.190
10 2.321 0.110 1.011
12 1.034 0.155 1.018
12 1.747 0.163 1.736
12 2.321 0.183 1.820
14 1.747 0.195 1.901
14 2.321 0.216 1.102
CONCLUSION
In general, the innovation is just about adjusting the motor of any consistent IC motor vehicle into an Air Powered Engine. T he Air Powered Engine innovation is less expensive in cost and upkeep, can be effortlessly adjusted by the majority and it doesn't
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7 atmospheric devation. The model composed by us is a little scale working model of the compacted air motor. At the point when scaled to larger amount it can be utilized for driving vehicles autonomously or joined (half breed) with different motors like I.C.
motors.
Main advantages of Compressed Air Engine (C.A.E.) are:
1. Zero emission.
2. Use of renewable fuel.
3. Zero fuel cost.
It surely is the “Futuristic Mode of Transport”
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