LTE Functionalities and Features Overview
1.
LTE Functionalities & Features Overview
2.
Parameters Structure & SIBs
3.
Physical Channel Configuration & Random Access
4.
UE State Handling
5.
Bearer Management
6.
Admission Control
7.
Power Control & Power Setting
8.
Adaptive Modulation & Coding
9.
MIMO Mode Control
10.
Idle Mode Mobility
11.
Connected Mode Mobility
12.
Scheduler
13.
SON
LTE/EPC Network Elements
Main references to architecture in 3GPP specs.: TS23.401,TS23.402,TS36.300
LTE-UE
Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN)
MME
S10
S6a
Serving
Gateway
S1-U
S11
PDN
Gateway
PDN
Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
PCRF
S7
Rx+
SGi
S5/S8
Evolved Node B
(eNB)
X2
LTE-Uu
HSS
Mobility
Management
Entity
Policy &
Charging Rule
Function
S-GW /P-GW
eNB
LTE Radio Interface and the X2 Interface
LTE-Uu interface
•
Air interface of LTE
•
Based on OFDMA in DL and SC-FDMA in
UL
•
FDD and TDD duplex methods
•
Scalable bandwidth 1.4MHz to currently
20 MHz
X2 interface
•
Inter eNB interface
•
X2AP: special signalling protocol
•
Functionalities:
–
For an inter- eNB HO to facilitate
handover and provide data forwarding.
–
In RRM to provide e.g. load information
to neighbouring eNBs to facilitate
interference management
–
Logical interface: It does not need direct
site-to-site connection, i.e. it can be
routed via core network as well
(E)-RRC
User PDUs User PDUsPDCP
..
RLC
MAC
LTE-L1
(FDD/TDD-OFDMA/SC-FDMA)TS 36.300
eNB
LTE-Uu
X2
User PDUsGTP-U
UDP
IP
L1/L2
TS 36.424
X2-UP
(User Plane)
X2-CP
(Control Plane)
X2-AP
SCTP
IP
L1/L2
TS 36.421
TS 36.422
TS 36.423
TS 36.421
TS 36.420
S1-MME & S1-U Interfaces
S1-MME interface
•
Control interface between eNB and
MME
•
S1AP:S1 Application Protocol
•
MME and UE will exchange
non-access stratum signaling
via eNB
through this interface ( i.e.
authentication, tracking area updates)
S1-U interface
•
User plane interface between eNB and
serving gateway
•
Pure user data interface (U=User plane)
MME
Serving
Gateway
S1-MME
(Control Plane)
S1-U
(User Plane)
NAS ProtocolsS1-AP
SCTP
IP
L1/L2
User PDUsGTP-U
UDP
IP
L1/L2
TS 36.411
TS 36.411
TS 36.412
TS 36.413
TS 36.414
TS 36.410
[currently in TS 36.300 §19]
eNB
Physical Layer Technologies
Downlink: OFDMA (Orthogonal
Frequency Division Multiple Access).
Uplink: SC-FDMA (Single-Carrier
Frequency Division Multiple Access).
Both FDD and TDD modes available.
Subcarrier spacing 15 kHz.
Scalable bandwidth.
FDD Carrier
Bandwidth
[MHz]
Number of
Resource
Blocks
1.4
6
3
15
5
25
10
50
15
75
20
100
FDD with 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz Bandwidth
supported in RL40
7 symbols
(0.5 ms)
12
sub
carri
ers
(18
0
kHz)
Symbol rate = 168 ksps
•
QPSK => 2 bits per symbol => 336 kbps
•
16QAM => 4 bits per symbol => 672 kbps
•
64QAM => 6 bits per symbol => 1.008 Mbps
Resource Block (RB)
•
Basic unit of resource
•
12 subcarriers wide in the frequency domain
•
7 symbols long in the time domain
•
Thus, 84 symbols per resource block
•
Bit Rate per Resource Block depends upon
modulation scheme
Exercise - Theoretical RB Capacity
(normal cyclic prefix case)
Bit Rates per
Resource Block
Based upon
3GPP TS 36.211
TTI is 1 ms, i.e.
duration of 2
resource blocks
Channel Bandwidth
1.4 MHz 3 MHz
5 MHz
10 MHz 15 MHz 20 MHz
QPSK
2.016
5.040
8.400
16.800
25.200
33.600
16QAM
4.032
10.080
16.800
33.600
50.400
67.200
64QAM
6.048
15.120
25.200
50.400
75.600
100.800
64QAM (2
×
2 MIMO) 12.096
30.240
50.400
100.800 151.200
201.600
64QAM (4
×
4 MIMO) 24.192
60.480
100.800 201.600 302.400 403.200
•
Bit Rates per Resource Block
Number of Resource Blocks
•
These bit rates are applicable to the
bottom of the Physical Layer
,
i.e. coding rate has not been taken into account
•
Also
requirement to account
for
the
overheads
generated by
Reference and Synchronisation Signals + other Physical Channels
Exercise - Theoretical LTE Bit Rates - Downlink
LTE Peak Layer 1 Data Rates
•
Downlink: Peak Rate 172 Mbps with 2x2 MIMO and 20 MHz
Modulation coding
1.4 MHz
3.0 MHz
5.0 MHz
10 MHz
15 MHz
20 MHz
QPSK 1/2
Single stream
0.7
2.1
3.5
7.0
10.6
14.1
16QAM 1/2
Single stream
1.4
4.1
7.0
14.1
21.2
28.3
16QAM 3/4
Single stream
2.2
6.2
10.5
21.1
31.8
42.4
64QAM 3/4
Single stream
3.3
9.3
15.7
31.7
47.7
63.6
64QAM 4/4
Single stream
4.3
12.4
21.0
42.3
63.6
84.9
64QAM 3/4
2x2 MIMO
6.6
18.9
31.9
64.3
96.7
129.1
64QAM 1/1
2x2 MIMO
8.8
25.3
42.5
85.7
128.9
172.1
64QAM 1/1
4x4 MIMO
16.6
47.7
80.3
161.9
243.5
325.1
Modulation coding
1.4 MHz
3.0 MHz
5.0 MHz
10 MHz
15 MHz
QPSK 1/2
Single stream
0.7
2.0
3.5
7.1
10.8
14.3
16QAM 1/2
Single stream
1.4
4.0
6.9
14.1
21.6
28.5
16QAM 3/4
Single stream
2.2
6.0
10.4
21.2
32.4
42.8
16QAM 1/1
Single stream
2.9
8.1
13.8
28.2
43.2
57.0
64QAM 3/4
Single stream
3.2
9.1
15.6
31.8
48.6
64.2
64QAM 1/1
Single stream
4.3
12.1
20.7
42.3
64.8
85.5
64QAM 1/1
V-MIMO (cell)
8.6
24.2
41.5
84.7
129.6
171.1
20 MHz
LTE UE Categories
•
All categories support 20 MHz
•
64QAM mandatory in downlink, but not in uplink (except Class 5)
•
2x2 MIMO mandatory in other classes except Class 1
•
Class 6,7 &8 added for R10
Class 1
Class 2
Class 3
Class 4
Class 5
10/5 Mbps
50/25
Mbps
100/50
Mbps
150/50
Mbps
299/75
Mbps
Peak rate
DL/UL
20 MHz
RF
bandwidth
20 MHz
20 MHz
20 MHz
20 MHz
64QAM
Modulation
DL
64QAM
64QAM
64QAM
64QAM
16QAM
Modulation
UL
16QAM
16QAM
16QAM
64QAM
Yes
Rx diversity
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Optional
MIMO DL
2x2
2x2
2x2
4x4
Class 6
Class 7
Class 8
301/50
Mbps
301/102
Mbps
3000/1500
Mbps
20 MHz
20 MHz
20 MHz
64QAM
64QAM
64QAM
64QAM
16QAM
16QAM
Yes
Yes
Yes
8x8
2x2 or 4x4 2x2 or 4x4
RRM Framework
•
UE scope:
Handover control, power control, Adaptive
Modulation and Coding, outer link quality control, MIMO
•
Cell scope:
Radio Admission Control, Congestion
Control
•
eNode B scope:
Packet Scheduler (cell scope for
simpler implementation)
•
RAN scope:
Load Balancing
•
Multi-RAT scope:
Interworking with GSM/EDGE, UMTS
RRM Framework
•
Radio Admission Control
: Admission control will be encharged of
deciding when new users (or mobility users) are allowed to establish bearers
in the cell
•
Handover control
: is encharged of the mobility control within the LTE
RRM. Based on UE reported events it will select the appropriate target cell
for HO and initiate mobility procedures.
•
Packet Scheduler
: Is encharged of UL and DL scheduling every TTI and
resource allocation. PS will decide which users are scheduled on a TTI
basis, the location and the amount of resources allocated to each user.
•
AMC (OLQC, OLLA)
: AMC will perform link adaptation tasks to ensure
radio resources are used in the most effiecient way possible.
•
MIMO
: This module is encharged of selecting whether Transmit diversity,
Spatial multiplexing or dynamic switching between previous two modes will
be emplyed for every user based on UE feedback
•
Power
control
: For DL it will be a semi static configuration but for UL RRM
will provide feedback for closed loop power control to reduce UL
interference.
Layer 3
RRM
Connection Mobility Control
Layer 2
RRM
Time Scale
Call
Duration
Interhandover
Time
Channel
Fading Time
Burst or Packet
Duration
Traffic, Channel and
Location Variations
Radio Admission Control
Fast DL AMC
1 ms
10 ms
100 ms
1 s
10 s
100 s
Load Balancing , Congestion Control
Packet Scheduling (UL/DL), fast ATB
L3 Signaling
Delay
Slow UL
Power Control
(open/closed
Loop)
Outer Link Quality Control (OLQC)
UE
DRX/DTX
Control
LTE TTI
Slow UL LA/AMC,
Slow UL ATB
Dynamic
MIMO
Control
RL10 Features
BTS Site Solution
LTE74
Flexi System Module FSMD
LTE86
Flexi 3-sector RF Module 2100
LTE88
Flexi 3-sector RF Module 900*
LTE99
Flexi 3-sector RF Module 1.7/2.1
LTE101
Flexi 3-sector RF Module 1800*
LTE437
Flexi 3-sector RF Module 800EU*
LTE547
Flexi RRH 2 TX 800EU*
LTE76
Flexi BTS legacy MHA Support
LTE94
Feederless Site
LTE97
Cell range 77 km
LTE155
Flexi BTS 3rd party MHA Support
LTE899
Antenna Line Supervision
LTE900
Flexi LTE BTS 40W Power Support
LTE903
Flexi LTE BTS 60W Power Support
LTE904
Branch Activation in Triple RF Module
Transport
LTE129
Traffic prioritization on Ethernet layer
LTE131
Traffic prioritization on IP layer (Diffserv)
LTE138
Traffic shaping (UL)
LTE707
Flexi Transport sub-module FTIB
LTE710
Synchronization from PDH interface
LTE711
Synchronization from 2.048MHz signal
LTE875
Different IP addresses for U/C/M/S-plan
LTE132
VLAN based traffic differentiation
RRM/Telecom
LTE70
Downlink adaptive open loop MIMO for two antennas
LTE1
S1/X2 data path management
LTE3
S1, X2 and RRC common signaling
LTE5
Radio bearer and S1 bearer establishment and
release
LTE20
Admission control
LTE27
Open loop UL power control and DL power setting
LTE28
Closed loop UL power control
LTE30
CQI adaption (DL)
LTE31
Link adaptation by AMC (UL/DL)
LTE37
Ciphering
LTE38
Integrity protection
LTE39
System information broadcast
LTE40
Physical & transport channels
LTE41
PDCP, RLC & MAC support
LTE45
Fair scheduler (UL/DL)
LTE49
Paging
LTE50
UE state management
LTE51
Cell selection and re-selection
LTE53
Intra and inter eNB handover with X2
LTE69
Transmit diversity for two antennas
LTE788
Support of 16 QAM (UL)
LTE187
Single TX path mode
LTE423
RRC connection release with redirect
LTE747
Support of UE radio capabilities
LTE749
Link adaptation for PDCCH
LTE761
Advanced target cell selection and handover retry for
intra frequency handover
LTE762
Idle mode mobility from LTE to WCDMA, GSM or
other LTE bands
RL20 Features
BTS Site Solution
LTE113
Cell Bandwidth - 15 MHz
LTE447
SW support for RF sharing GSM-LTE
LTE101
Flexi 3-sector RF Module 1800
LTE104
Flexi RRH 2TX 1800
LTE677
Flexi 1600 MHz RF solution
Transport
LTE140
Ethernet OAM
LTE491
FlexiPacket Radio Connectivity
LTE649
QoS aware Ethernet switching
LTE564
IPSec on FTIB
LTE592
Link Supervision with BFD
LTE775
SCTP multi-homing (MME)
RRM/Telecom
LTE2
S1 Flex
LTE4
Multi-Operator Core Network
LTE7
Support of multiple EPS bearer
LTE9
Service differentiation
LTE10
EPS bearers for conversational voice
LTE11
Robust header compression
LTE13
Rate capping
LTE22
Emergency call handling
LTE54
Intra-LTE handover via S1
LTE55
Inter-frequency handover
LTE562
CSFB to UTRAN or GSM via redirect
LTE703
DL adaptive closed loop MIMO for two antennas
LTE819
DL inter-cell interference generation
LTE870
Idle mode mobility from LTE to CDMA/eHRPD
LTE914
Graceful cell shut down
Operability
LTE492
ANR
LTE185
System Upgrade
LTE475
Automatic iOMS resiliency
LTE559
SW Monitoring Module for LTE
LTE830
LTE Automatic Lock
LTE502
Cell Outage triggered reset
LTE163
Subscriber and Equipment Trace
LTE433
Cell Trace
LTE667
LTE User Event Log Management
LTE796
iOMS connectivity increase
Performance Monitoring
RL30 Features
Operability
LTE424: Automatic interface alarm correlation LTE459: LTE Timing Advance Evaluation
LTE482: DNS Support for Certificate Examination LTE510: Synchronization of InterRAT Neighbors LTE533: Mobility Robustness
LTE581: PRACH management
LTE602: Performance Management Administration LTE644: Configurable cell trace content
LTE771: Optimization of neighbor relations
LTE782: ANR Fully UE based Automated Neighbor Relation LTE783: ANR InterRAT UTRAN
LTE784: ANR InterRAT GERAN Automated Neighbor Relation LTE882: System Upgrade with Backward Compatibility
BTS Site Solution
LTE89: Flexi RRH 2TX 2600 Flexi Multiradio BTS LTE RF LTE91: Flexi RRH 2TX 850 Flexi Multiradio BTS LTE RF LTE106: 6 Cells support with one System Module
LTE452: Flexi RRH 2TX 2100 Flexi Multiradio BTS LTE RF LTE614: Distributed Site Flexi Multiradio BTS LTE
LTE921: Flexi 3-sector RF Module 760
LTE977: RF chaining Flexi Multiradio BTS LTE LTE1101: FFCB TRS External Filter for FHCA
LTE1106: Flexi low power RRH 850 2TX for optical repeater interface
LTE0570 Periodic UE measurements
LTE0042 Support of DRX in RRC connected mode LTE0056 Inter RAT Handover to WCDMA
LTE0068 Support of Cell Based Location Service LTE0426 System Time Broadcast for SIB8 LTE0430 DL power boosting for control channels LTE0442 Network Assisted Cell Change to GSM LTE0450 MME capacity value change
LTE0473 Extended DRX Settings
LTE0490 Subscriber Profile Based Mobility LTE0518 Operator specifc QCI
LTE0522 S1 Partial Reset
LTE0571 Controlled uplink packet segmentation LTE0572 IMS emergency session
LTE0616 Usage Based PDCCH adaptation LTE0619 Interference aware UL scheduling LTE0735 RRC Connection Reestablishment
LTE0807 Idle Mode Mobility From LTE To CDMA/1xRTTI LTE0829 Increased UL MCS Range
LTE0971 Intra-LTE mobility offsets LTE1034 Extended Uplink Link Adaption
LTE1035 Outer Loop Link Adaptation for PDCCH
RRM/Telecom
LTE144: Transport admission control
LTE574: IP Transport Network Measurements
RL40 New Features
Operability
LTE0162 Cell trace with IMSI
LTE0593 Security for Ethernet Ports on FCT/FSM3 LTE0622 Local Link Layer Security
LTE0623 Crypto Agent
LTE0877 Adjustable Performance Upload LTE0940 SW Verification Agent
LTE0953 MDT (Minimization of Drive Test) LTE1045 Full SON Support for distributed sites
LTE1078 System Upgrade with Backward Compatibility LTE1340 Trace-based Real Time Monitoring
BTS Site Solution
LTE0179 Dual Band with One System Module
LTE0621 Multiradio System Module basic LTE configurations LTE0763 FXFA Flexi 3-sector RF Module 1900
LTE0947 Flexi Multimode System Module FSMF LTE0949 Flexi power distribution sub-module FPFD LTE0950 Flexi power distribution sub-module FPFC LTE1040 FXEB RF Module 1800 MHz, 90 W LTE1072 Flexi Lite 750
LTE0046 Channel Aware Scheduler (UL) LTE0048 Support of high speed users LTE0440 S1 Overload Handling
LTE0494 Commercial Mobile Alert System LTE0495 OTDOA
LTE0496 Support of QCI 2, 3, and 4 LTE0497 Smart admission control LTE0519 eRAB modification
LTE0534 ARP based admission control LTE0587 Multiple GBR EPS bearers per UE LTE0736 CS fallback to UTRAN
LTE0843 ETWS broadcast LTE0872 SRVCC to WCDMA LTE0873 SRVCC to GSM LTE0979 IRC for 2 RX paths
LTE0984 GSM redirect with system information LTE1014 X2 eNode B configuration update LTE1073 Measurement based redirect
LTE1387 Intra-eNB Inter-frequency Load balancing
RRM/Telecom
LTE0612 Synchronization Hub
LTE0628 Flexi Transport submodule FTIF
UL Coordinated Multi-Point
(CoMP)
UL MU-MIMO (4RX)
Interference Coordination (eICIC)
FDD-TDD Handover
SON- Energy Savings
Timing over Packet with Phase
Synch
LTE (FDD) Roadmap Overview
RL20
Quality of Service
Network & RF Sharing
Interference Aware Scheduling
UE Power Saving (DRX)
Operator Specific QCIs
Subscriber Profile Based Mobility
Inter RAT Handover to WCDMA
NACC to GSM
SON-ANR Fully UE Based
SON-Inter RAT ANR
SON-Optimization Neighbor
Relations
SON-Automatic Alarm Correlation
SON-Mobility Robustness (MRO)
Up to 6 Cells per Flexi BTS
Fast IP Rerouting
Frequency Bands:
•
760 MHz
2008
2009
2010
2007
2Q/2011
4Q/20112
3Q/13 & 2014
01/2011
Channel Aware Scheduler (UL)
Smart DRX
Smart Admission Control
OTDOA Location Service
CS Fallback Enhancements
SRVCC to WCDMA / GSM
SON-Minimization of Drive Tests
SON Reports
Time Based Power Saving
Flexi Multiradio System Module
Flexi Lite BTS
4-way RX Diversity
Interference Rejection Combining
Synchronization Hub
Intra-eNB Inter-frequency Load
balancing
Frequency Bands:
•
1900 MHz
•
900 MHz
RL30
Network Operations
Enhanced IRAT Mobility
RL40
Network Capacity
Smart Phones
Fair & QoS Aware Scheduling
•
Voice over LTE Solution
•
Service Differentiation
•
Rate Capping
Intra LTE Mobility
Inter RAT Mobility (Re-Selection)
Multi-Operator Core Network
Multiple EPS Bearers
CS Fallback
SON-BTS Auto Connectivity
SON-BTS Auto Configuration
SON-Central ANR
SON-Self Healing
Trace Solution
RF Sharing GSM - LTE
QoS Aware Ethernet Switching
Ethernet OAM
Flexi Packet Radio Connectivity
Frequency Bands:
• 2600, 2100 and 1800 MHz
• 1700/2100 and 1600 MHz
• 800EU, 850 and 730 MHz
Carrier Aggregation
MIMO 4x2
Flexi RF Module 6TX
Load Balancing
SON-MRO Evolution
Real Time Monitoring
High Capacity Site Configurations
IPv6
Frequency Bands (MHz):
•
700 APT
RL50
LTE - Advanced
Carrier Aggregation
RL60
LTE - Advanced
Dec 2012
LTE (FDD) RRM & Telecom Roadmap (06.2013)
Network Architecture S1 Overload Handling RAN Sharing Services ETWS / CMAS GBR QoS Package •QCI 2, 3 and 4•ARP at Admission Control
•Smart Admission Control
Multiple GBR Bearers eRAB Modification OTDOA Location Services
Capacity / Coverage
Channel Aware Scheduler (UL) Interference Rejection Combining (IRC)
Mobility
SRVCC to WCDMA / GSM CS Fallback Enhancements Intra eNB Inter-Frequency Load Balancing
High Speed User
RL40
Available
Services Smart DRX
Capacity / Coverage
Downlink Carrier Aggregation 20 MHz
TTI Bundling
MIMO 4x2
IRC for 4 RX Paths Reduced Uplink Bandwidth Super Cell
Mobility
Inter eNB Inter-Frequency Load Balancing
Idle Mode Load Balancing FDD – TDD Handover Home eNode B Mobility
RL50
Ready for Contract
Services
Cell Resource Groups Multimedia Priority Service
Capacity / Coverage
Downlink Carrier Aggregation 40 MHz
UL Intra eNB CoMP
Interference Aware Uplink Power Control
C-Plane Overload Handling
Mobility
RAN Information Management Support
Inter RAT Handover from WCDMA eCS Fallback to CDMA/1xRTT Inter RAT Handover to eHRPD
RL60
Under Planning
Study Items
Multiband Carrier Aggregation (3CC)
eICIC Liquid Cell eMBMS
Future Releases
LTE (FDD) Operability & SON Roadmap (06.2013)
Management Features Adjustable Performance Upload Cell Trace with IMSI
Data Collector Suite Security
Local Link Layer Security Crypto Agent
SW Verification Agent*
Self-Optimization
Minimization of Drive Tests (MDT) SON Reports
SON Automation Modes
*RL40 Maintenance Release
RL40
Available
Security
Certificate Enrolment (Rel9) & Multilayer Certificates
Self-Configuration
Cell-Specific Neighbor Relation / PCI Handling
Self-Optimization RACH Optimization
Inter RAT Neighbor Relation Optimization
RL50
Ready for Contract
Management Features BTS Diagnostics Toolkit Real Time KPI -Monitoring
Security
Revocation Management
Self-Optimization
Inter Frequency ANR UE based
RL60
Under Planning
SON
SON
SON
Study Items
MDT Enhancements Inter RAT MRO Energy Efficiency
