EOD Technical Team Book

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EOD

TECHNICAL

TEAMBOOK

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SFC

DANIEL B. HOPE

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TABLE OF CONTENTS EOD REFERENCES……….5 CONVENTIONAL INCIDENTS 6 CHECKLIST 6 LOAD OUT 7 GUIDELINES 8 DEMOLITION PROCEDURES 10

NONELECTRIC DUAL FIRING SYSTEM 10

ELECTRIC DUAL FIRING SYSTEM 11

MISFIRE PROCEDURES - GENERAL 12

NONELECTRIC MISFIRES 12

ELECTRIC MISFIRES 12

FRAGMENTATION TABLE 13

BOMBS

BOMB FUZE COMBINATION CHART 14

EXPLOSIVE CONTENTS OF GP BOMBS 15

UNIDENTIFIED INTERNAL FUZING 16

UNIDENTIFIED INTERNAL FUZING CONTINUED... 17

MINEFIELD OPERATIONS 18

GENERAL NOTES 18

MINEFIELD SAFETY PRECAUTIONS 18

MINEFIELD LOADOUT 18

CHEMICAL OPERATIONS 19

SURPRISE, IT'S CHEMICAL 19

LOADOUT 20

ON SITE CHEMICAL INCIDENT CHECKLIST 21

BEAUFORT SCALE 23

DOSEAGE DATA FOR COMPUTING DOWNWIND 23

VERTICAL TEMPERATURE GRADIENT 24

DOSEAGE DATA FOR COMPUTING DOWNWIND

HAZARD 24

RUSSIAN "P" CHART 25

DECONS (PERSONNEL) 25

DECON (EQUIPMENT/ORDNANCE) 26

DECON (MIXING PROCEDURES) 27

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.50 CAL DEARMER 30

WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS 30

.50 CAL TOOL LIST 31

NON-ELEC INITIATION OF NON-ELEC CARTS 32

ELECTRIC INITIATION OF NON-ELEC CARTS 33

ELECTRIC INITIATION OF ELECTRIC CARTS

(STEEL SHOT) 34

ELECTRIC INITIATION OF ELECTRIC CARTRIDGES (SLUG)

35

ROCKET WRENCH 36

TOOL LIST 37

ELECTRIC INITIATION OF ELECTRIC CARTS 38

NON-ELEC INITIATION OF NON-ELEC CARTS 39

ELECTRIC INITIATION OF NON-ELEC CARTS 40

MECHANICAL IMPACT WRENCH (MIW) 41

MIW TOOL LIST 41

GENERAL PROCEDURES 42

TAPE AND LINE 43

TAPE AND LINE LOADOUT 43

MODIFIED FRA (FUZE REMOVAL) 44

LARGE DIAMETER FUZES (GREATER THAN 2" 45

SMALL DIAMETER FUZES (2" OR LESS) 46

MODIFIED FRA -HEX BASE PLUG REMOVAL 47

MODIFIED TECHNIQUE 48

GAGGING / IMMOBILIZATION 49

LOADOUT 50

PREPARATION OF PLASTER OF PARIS (POP) 50

EXTERNAL GAGGING PROCEDURES 51

Selection of Technique 51

Materials And Uses 51

INCENDIARYGRENADES 52

REMOTE INITIATION 52

Modified Preparation 52

Standard Preparation 52

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GENERAL NOTES 54

WRAP IN FOIL (WIF) PROCEDURES 55

M122 FIRING DEVICE 56

PROCEDURES FOR .50 CAL DEARMER 58

MISFIRE PROCEDURES 59

MK 32 X-RAY 60

X-RAY HINTS 62

X-RAY EXPOSURE EXAMPLES 63

TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE 64

UXO SPOT REPORT 71

MEDEVAC REQUEST 71

PACKING LIST "A" & "B" BAGS 72

COLD WEATHER DEPLOYMENT 72

HOT WEATHER DEPLOYMENT 73

IEP 74

TOOL BOX 74

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EOD REFERENCES 60A-1-1-4 Protective Works

60A-1-1-5 Access & Recovery of UXO's 60A-1-1-7 Technical Intelligence Reporting

60A-1-1-9 Description & Disposal Procedures for Explosives & Hazardous Materials

60A-1-1-10 Disposal of Liquid Propellants & Oxidizers 60A-1-1-11 Chemical Agent Characteristics &

Leak/Seal/Disposal

60A-1-1-12 EMR Hazards, Precautions & Procedures 60A-1-1-17 ASP Clean-up Guidance

60A-1-1-22 General EOD Safety Precautions 60A-1-1-27 Demolition Procedures (Ice) 60A-1-1-31 General EOD Procedures 60A-1-1-36 Range Clearance Information 60A-1-1-38 Dynamite Disposal Procedures 60A-2-1-1 Tape & Line Techniques

60A-2-1-3 .50 cal Procedures

60A-2-1-38 Removal of Stuck Rounds 60A-2-1-45 Base Plate Removal

60A-2-1-46 Remote Wrench Procedures 60A-2-1-51 Shape Charges

60A-2-1-59 Surface Disruption by Gunfire 60A-2-1-60 Gagging Procedures

60A-2-1-63-1 Removal of 61mm Projectiles

60A-2-1-63-2 Removal of 81mm Projectiles

60A-2-1-63-3 Removal of 4.2" Projectiles 60A-2-1-65 Water Charges

60B-2-2-3 Thermite Procedures(MK 81, 82, 83, 84)

60L-1-1-1 IED's

60L-1-1-1-1 IED's 60L-1-1-1-2 IND's

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Conventional Incidents 1. Requesting Unit

2. Telephone Number 3. Call-sign and Frequency 4. Description of Item

a. Color

b. Length

c. Width

d. Markings

e. Distinctive Parts (Fins, Bands, etc.) 5. Drawing of Item

6. Ask for Guide

1.

When and how discovered? How close did you get? Any protective works done?

8. How did it get there? 9. Location of item?

10.What is the urgency of the situation?

1.

What is in the area? (Buildings, ASP, etc.)

2.

Closest approach? 13.Was the item moved? 14.Casualties?

15.Are there random detonations in area?

16.Evacuation - Essential personnel in protective gear & undercover

17.Support Available

a.

Fire, Medical, Engineer, Worker Bodies Improvised Explosive Devices

1. Have there been any threats?

2. Is there any intelligence on the item?

3. Is there any noise or wires coming from the device? Nuclear Devices

1. Time of accident 2. Was there a fire?

3. Weapon Serial Number/PAL Combination 4. Condition of Weapon

5. Has there been any monitoring? 6. Is Alpha Team available?

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Nuclear Devices

8. What is the alert code name?

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LOAD OUT

1. IEP Foot Locker

2. IEP Tool Box

3. Rope Boxes (2ea)

4. Wire Reels (2ea)

5. Water Can, 5 gallon (filled)

6. Decon Apparatus (M11 or M13) 7. Fire Extinguisher 8. Shovel 9. Pick Ax 10. Ax 11. Sledge Hammer

12. Tie Down Stakes (6ea)

13. Tie Down Rope (pre-cut)

14. Binoculars

15. Sand Filled Ammo Can (20mm)

16. Slave Cables / POL 17. M18 Kit / M256 kit

18. Sand Bags (10 Filled, 20 Empty) 19. Radio(s) (Vehicle / Team)

20. CMC Sealed (.50cal Ammo Can)

21. Water Bucket (for WP Munitions)

22. Rocket Wrench / MIW (Mk 1 Mod 3)

23. Lap Top Computer (60 series TM's)

24. Face Shield

25. X-Ray Kit (Mk 32)

26. .50 cal Dearmer Kit (Mk 2 Mod 1))

27. MOPP Gear

28. TAP Aprons

29. M40 Masks

30. Call Signs and Frequencies 31. Personal Gear/ Food and Water 32. IED or Jensen Kit

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CONVENTIONAL INCIDENTS Basic Guidelines Team Leader:

1. Brief team members on:

a. Location and type of ordnance b. Mode of Travel

c. Route of March

d. Equipment and Publications to be taken e. Communications

f. Support Available

g. Safety Precautions to be Observed h. Evacuation/Protective Works in Effect 2. Brief Guide (Release when finished with) 3. Notify CP upon arrival at incident site. 4. Initiate an on-site log.

5. Ensure that on-site personnel have taken proper evacuation / protective measures. Get a complete description / briefing from the person(s) who

discovered item - terrain, path to, and attitude of the item (surly or provocative).

Approach:

NOTE: Team Leader will make initial approach a. Have guide remain in safe area with team.

b. Cautiously approach item using terrain features for protection.

c. Attempt to ID item, fuze, and condition.

d. Second approach for recon by team members is encouraged unless the team leader determines the item too hazardous.

a.

If second approach is made, the team member will be briefed on the route, exact location, and position of the item, and what particular hazards are present.

Planning / Execution Phase: (Think BIP)

7. At this time make any necessary adjustments to evacuation / protective measures prior to:

a. Returning to CP for publications or tools. b. Attempt of RSP or BIP.

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Continued:

1

8. The team leader will determine any required deviations to

2

the RSP and supervise or perform the RSP.

9. The team leader will approach the item and check results

of the RSP prior to approach by any other personnel.

1.

Proceed to disposal (Ask for on site, if not transport to

designated area)

1.

Team leader will supervise loading and blocking and

bracing of the item. 12. Transportation

a. Ensure vehicle engine is off.

b. Set brake. Chalk wheel if on a grade. c. Sandbag item to prevent movement.

d. Ensure equipment will not slide and hit item. e. Ensure caps or initiators are in the front, and

explosives are in the rear of the vehicle. f. Ensure all explosives are in containers. g. Ensure tailgate is closed.

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DEMOLITION PROCEDURES TM 60A-1-1-31

NONELECTRIC DUAL FIRING SYSTEM

1.

Perform test burn:

a. Tie slip knot on end of time fuse roll, cut and discard 6"from

the other end.

b. Cut a 3' length of time fuse and move 25' downwind from explosives, and attach fuse igniter. Function igniter and time the burn.

c. Compute burn rate: Burn time (in seconds) /3 feet = time (in seconds) per foot.

2. Squarely cut required lengths of time fuse consistent with time needed to reach safe area, but not less than 6'.

3. Attach fuse igniter to one end of each length of time fuse, and, if necessary, install priming adapters.

4. Ensuring that you are 25' downwind from all explosive materials, remove a blasting cap and inspect the open end for foreign matter.

5. If the cap is good, insert and carefully seat it firmly until the flash charge is in contact with the end of the fuse.

6. Crimp cap 1/8" to ¼" from the open end of the cap. 7. Repeat steps 4-6 above for second cap. Barricade /

sandbag firing systems until ready to prime into explosives.

TRANSPORT ITEMS TO DISPOSAL AREA:

Note: 25' Separation between Caps and HE while transporting

downrange

1. Make cap holes, place charges.

2. Ensuring that all nonessential personnel are a safe distance away, prime into the explosives.

3. Lay out time fuse in straight lines; secure as necessary to prevent movement.

4. If necessary, advise area commander to prepare for a high order detonation, and ensure that all personnel are properly protected.

5. Yell "FIRE IN THE HOLE" three times in different directions.

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TM 60A-1-1-31

ELECTRIC DUAL FIRING SYSTEM

1. Conduct continuity checks on the following: a. Test Set

b. Firing Wire

c. Blasting Caps (as follows):

(1) Ensuring you are 25' from all explosives, place caps under sandbag or other suitable barricade. (2) Ground yourself and remove shunt. Connect to

test set and check. (3) Re-shunt

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Repeat steps 1-3 for second cap. 2. Wire caps together by splicing one lead wire of each

together, and repeat for the remaining set of lead wires.

TRANSPORT ITEMS TO DISPOSAL AREA 1. Lay firing wire back to safe area.

2. Place charges and make cap holes. 3. Test firing wire back to safe area. 4. Prime in to explosives.

5. Return to safe area. 6. Check firing circuit.

7. If necessary, advise area commander to prepare for high order detonation, and ensure all personnel are properly protected.

8. Yell FIRE IN THE HOLE.

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DEMOLITION PROCEDURES TM 60A-1-1-31

MISFIRE PROCEDURES - GENERAL

As a general rule, all misfires will incur a minimum 30 minute wait time.

NONELECTRIC MISFIRES

1. Observe 60 minute wait time (from latest possible elapsed time of expected detonation).

2. When practical, insert a new non-electric dual firing system into the charge without disturbing the other caps. Otherwise, place a secondary charge as close as possible to the original charge to ensure both

detonate.

ELECTRIC MISFIRES

1.

Make several successive attempts to fire.

2.

Check connection of firing wire to blasting machine and try again.

3.

Try different blasting machine, or alternate power source, if available.

4.

If misfire still exists, disconnect and shunt the firing wire and begin the 30 minute wait time unless it can be ascertained that the blasting cap failure is strictly electrical.

5.

Remove and disconnect old blasting caps and shunt wires.

6.

Test, make a parallel circuit, and attach new blasting caps. Re-prime the charge and proceed with normal firing procedures.

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LBS METERS LBS METERS LBS METERS 1 100 23 284 45 356 2 126 24 288 46 358 3 144 25 292 47 361 4 159 26 296 48 363 5 171 27 300 49 366 6 182 28 304 50 368 7 191 29 307 60 391 8 200 30 311 70 413 9 208 31 314 80 431 10 215 32 317 90 449 11 222 33 320 100 465 12 229 34 324 125 500 13 235 35 327 150 534 14 241 36 330 175 560 15 247 37 333 200 585 16 251 38 336 250 630 17 257 39 339 500 794 18 262 40 342 750 909 19 267 41 345 1,0001,000 20 271 42 348 2,0001,260 21 276 43 350 5,0007,940 22 280 44 353 10,000 10,000

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BOMB FUZE COMBINATION CHART

Fuze Nose/Tail Fins Lanyard Function Plugs Actions

M904 Nose Any Plug Impact N/A Gag On Recon M905 Tail Conical - Side Arming Plug Impact Inertia N/A

Square cut outs side arming vane

M906 Tail Conical - Side Arming Plug Impact Inertia N/A No cut outs side arming Cocked Striker

MK346 Tail Conical - Side Arming or Snake-eye Plug Clockwork Long Delay N/A Black (4) Rivets - may have thermal shield

MK 36/40 M117 Nose/Tail Conical/ Snake eye Gold Plug Anti-Mag MK 82-4, M117 Gold Base Plate

MK 844 Tail GBU or Unretarded Blue bullseye w/ bungee & coax cable Proximity N/A Wait Time!! TDDs -

MK 48 Grn M20 Rd or tan Ext arm wire

MK 376 Tail Retarded or Unretarded Blue Bullseye Proximity FMU 26BNose/Tail Unretarded LL/LA Impact/Short Delay

Any Type Use Pin to Insert

FMU 72/B Nose/Tail Unretarded LL/LA Elec Long Delay Anti- Disturbance Any Type Wait Time!!

FMU 54A/B Tail Retarded Bungee Cord & Coax Cable Proximity - Impact Closure Ring Large Smiling Face MK 48

TDD

FMU 54BTail Retarded LL Only Impact Hex PlugRemotely Remove Plug

FMU 81BNose/Tail Retarded or Unretarded LA Only Impact - Short Delay N/A Wait Time!! Can't use snakeye if in tail

FMU 124/B Nose/Tail Usually GBU or Retarded or Unretarded Wind Generator or thermal battery Impact N/A Wait Time!!

elec jack face off center (gold)

FMU 112Nose/Tail GBU or Retarded or Unretarded Wind Generator or thermal battery Impact - Short Delay elec jack in

center of face (black)

FMU 110B Used mainly in GBUs-Proximity & TDD Combined - Wait Time!! FMU 56/B Big OD Green Tit

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EXPLOSIVE CONTENTS OF GP BOMBS BOMB Total Weight lbs Explosive Weight lbs Old Series 100 LB GP, AN-30A1 120 57 250 LB GP, AN-M57A1 261 125 500 LB GP, AN-M64A1 549 266 1000 LB GP, AN-M65A1 1064 555 2000 LB GP, AN-M66A2 2113 1098 New Series 750 LB GP, M117 823 386 3000 LB GP, M118 3049 1975 Low Drag 250 LB GP, MK81 MOD 1 260 100 500 LB GP, MK 82 MOD 1 531 192 1000 LB GP, MK 83 MOD 3 985 445 2000 LB GP, MK 84 MOD 1 1970 945

Low Drag w/ Snakeye Fins

250 LB GP, MK 81 MOD 1 300 100

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BOMBS

UNIDENTIFIED INTERNAL FUZING

If a US bomb with unidentified internal fuzing is found, the most hazardous fuze(s) must be assumed to be installed. In all cases, nose and / or tail, retarded or unretarded, the most hazardous fuze is the fuze, bomb, nose or tail,

electronic, long delay, anti-disturbance, FMU 72/B. If evidence leads one to believe the fuze(s) are armed, you must choose between disposing of the bomb in place, or waiting a specified period and then performing an RSP. If you choose either of the disposal procedures, proceed to 60B-2-2-3, para 5.b., regardless of the type of bomb. If you choose to wait the specified waiting period, the hazard must be re-evaluated after the specified waiting period. If the bomb utilized a retardation device, and there is evidence that there is a tail fuze, then the most hazardous fuze at this time would be the fuze, bomb, tail, FMU 54/B. The reason for this is that the hazard posed by the possible FMU 72/B has passed after the wait time has elapsed, but the hazard still exists for the possible FMU 54/B. Therefore, the procedure in 60B-2-3-22 must be performed to remove the tail closure plug.

If, after this procedure, it is determined that the tail fuze is NOT the FMU 54/B, then this procedure must be

discontinued, and the remainder of the correct procedure for the particular fuze encountered must be started.

If it is determined that the tail fuze is the FMU 54/B, then the remainder of the procedure for the FMU 54/B must be performed prior to attempting the removal of the nose closure plug if there is evidence of a nose fuze. The removal of the nose closure plug should be accomplished IAW 60B-2-3-41, for the FMU 72/B.

If after this procedure, it is determined that the fuze is NOT the FMU 72/B, then this procedure must be

discontinued, and the remainder of the correct procedure for the particular fuze encountered must be started.

If it is determined that the fuze is the FMU 72/B, then the remainder of the procedure for the FMU 72/B must be performed IAW 60B-2-3-41.

If the fuze closure plug(s) can not be removed, or the fuze(s) can not be identified after the removal of the fuze closure plug(s), then the bomb must be disposed of IAW

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BOMBS

UNIDENTIFIED INTERNAL FUZING (Continued) If the fuze closure plug(s) can be removed and the fuze(s) identified, but the RSP cannot be performed for any

reason, such as the fuze well being deformed, the bomb should be disposed of IAW 60B-2-2-3, or the specific bomb publication, or the specific fuze publication, depending on the circumstances that prevail at the time.

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MINEFIELD OPERATIONS GENERAL NOTES

1. Check with highest applicable headquarters to see if the area is a known minefield.

2. Study photos of the area, and check PW interrogation reports, if available.

3. Check area of previous detonations for identifiable fragments or components.

4. Conduct a ground reconnaissance.

5. Establish and mark minefield boundaries. MINEFIELD SAFETY PRECAUTIONS 1. Exercise complete and positive control of the

operation.

2. Stay 25 meters away from probers.

3. Wait at least 30 seconds before approach after blowing any mine in place.

4. Never work with helmet on. 5. Use nonmetallic probes only.

6. Roll up sleeves and remove all jewelry before probing. 7. Remote mines from ground by remote means only. 8. Check all surfaces of mine for secondary fuzing.

MINEFIELD LOADOUT Mine Markers

Engineer Tape / Survey Tape Marking Flags

Cotter Pins

Nonmetallic Probes Paper Clips

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SURPRISE, IT'S CHEMICAL 1. Immediately Mask and pull back to vehicle. 2. Have all other personnel in the area mask.

3. If you touched the item or the ground around the item, decon your hands.

4. Don MOPP gear (MOPP IV)

5. Notify CP that you have an item of interest to (use CAIRA call-sign), and that necessary information will follow.

6. If necessary, use the guide as your safety observer. Brief him well as to what is expected of him.

7. Use M8 paper, M256 detection kit, and/or the M18 kit to determine whether or not the item is leaking. 8. ID the item, fuzing, and condition.

9. Pass information to the CP.

10.If leaking, ask where the DISCOM PDS is located, or where the unit will establish the EPDS.

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CHEMICAL OPERATIONS

LOADOUT 1 ea Clipboard

1 box Plastic Bags

2 roll Monofilament Tape 1 ea NBC Marking Set 1 ea M18 Kit 10 ea POP Bandages 1 ea Craftsman Knife 1 ea Bandage Scissors 1 ea Pen Light 2 ea Grease Pencils 3 ea Tongue Depressors

12 ea MK 1 Nerve Agent Antidote Kits 1 roll Strip Putty

1 ea Smoke Grenade 1 ea Mirror

1 ea Rake

1 ea M8 Paper Holder/Mixing Stick 30 gal Decon

30 gal Water bunch Rags 3 ea Buckets 1 ea Shuffle Pit

1 ea Vapor Collecting Can 7 ea Rubber Drop Cloths bunch Twist Ties / Clothes Pins 2 ea Thermometers

1 ea Scrub Brush 5 ea Sand Bags 1 ea Stopwatch 1 ea Shovel

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ON SITE CHEMICAL INCIDENT CHECKLIST 1. On site determinations (for "a" & "b" use smoke

grenade):

a. wind direction (adjust exclusion area - report to CP) b. temperature gradient

c. safe approach

d. distance to munition (10-20 meters)

2. Establish shuffle pit and place rake & fire extinguisher on a drop cloth.

3. Team leader & worker(s) walk to munition with: a. drop cloths

b. gagging and sealing material (rags and POP) c. M18 Kit

d. 5 gallons decon & 5 gallons rinse water e. 3 buckets (2 for hands/1 for munition) f. rope for initial movement

4. Recon Ordnance

a. number of munitions

b. number of leakers & non-leakers (vapor check if necessary)

c. condition of fuzes

d. determine RSP if required

a. type of agent

5. Re-adjust down wind hazard and exclusion area. 6. RSP ordnance or initially move if no RSP required. 7. Plug and upright leaks.

8. Gross decon ordnance and rinse; move to drop cloth 9. Seal the munition with POP

10.Perform 4 Step Decon: a. STEP 1 - decon munition

b. STEP 2 - wait contact time (keep munition wet with decon)

c. STEP 3 - rinse munition

d. STEP 4 - vapor test - place in plastic bag, collect vapors (5-10 minutes), and check with M18. 11.Decision Tree:

a. If vapors are detected - remove from bag and repeat the 4 step decon on the munition.

b. If vapors are detected a second time, wrap the munition in the bag it is in and repeat the 4 step decon on the outside of the bag (the bag is now considered to be the skin of the

munition).

c. If no vapors are detected, wrap the munition in the bag it is in.

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ON SITE CHEMICAL INCIDENT CHECKLIST Continued...

12. Vapor Test: Place the munition in another plastic bag, collect vapors (5-10 min), and check with M18 Kit. 13.If vapors are not detected, remove the wrapped

munition from the bag it is in and go to step 13. If vapors are detected, remove from bag and repeat the 4 step decon on the outside of the bagged munition and return to this step.

NOTE: If you are unable to get the outside of this bag clean, then you might be doing something wrong (i.e... decon hands? clean drop cloth? wrong decon?)

14.Place the munition in a clean container with the leaking end up, and place cushioning material around the munition to hold it.

15.Mark the container with the following information: a. position of leak (^)

b. type of agent c. decon used d. type munition e. HE present or not f. sealing procedure used g. date

h. unit name and phone number

16.Bag all equipment that will be needed, keeping clean and dirty separate. Pour all decons and rinse water in the areas of heavy contamination.

17.Place all equipment on truck. Ensure that the weapon is at the very back for easy removal at the hot-line, and secure it in place.

18.Mark the area with chemical warning signs:

a. on the front of the sign put agent, date and time (the time agent is detected)

b. place at least 3 signs around the exclusion area (50 meters radius if no HE is present). Try to place them near heavy traffic areas such as roads and foot paths.

19.Ask CAIRA for disposition of item. 20.Return to the hot-line.

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CHEMICAL OPERATIONS BEAUFORT SCALE Beaufort Number Name MPH Description

0 Calm <1 Calm; smoke rises vertically

1 Light Air 1-3 Direction of wind shown by

smoke but not by wind vanes

2 Light Breeze 4-7 Wind felt on face; leaves rustle; ordinary vanes move by wind

3 Gentle Breeze 8-12 Leaves and small twigs in

constant motion; wind extends light flag

4 Moderate Breeze 13-18 Raises dust and loose

paper; small branches are moved

5 Fresh Breeze 19-24 Small trees in leaf begin

to sway; wavelets form on inland waters

6 Strong Breeze 25-31 Large branches in

motion; telegraph wires whistle; umbrellas used with difficulty

7 Moderate Gale 32-38 Whole trees in motion;

inconvenience in walking against the wind

8 Fresh Gale 39-46 Breaks twigs off trees; generally impedes progress

9 Strong Gale 47-54 Slight structural damage occurs; chimney pots and slates removed

10 Whole Gale 55-63 Trees uprooted; considerable structural damage occurs

11 Storm 64-72 Very rarely experienced; accompanied by widespread damage

12-17 Hurricane 73-136 Devastation occurs

DOSEAGE DATA FOR COMPUTING DOWNWIND HAZARD

Chemical Agent Symbol Dosage

Nerve GA 30 GB 2 GD 2 VX 25 BlisterHD, HN 25 L 30 Blood AC 100 CK 700 Choking CG, DP 150

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CN 10

DM 10

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VERTICAL TEMPERATURE GRADIENT

ADJUSING EXCLUSION AREA & DOWNWIND HAZARD

1. Wind Direction 2. Wind Speed 3. VTG 4. Dosage 5. Chemical Weight 6. Chemical Type

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RUSSIAN "P" CHART

Marking Filler

P-2 AC (Hydrocyanic Gas)

P-4 White and Yellow Phosphorus

P-5 Mustard Gas P-15 AdamsiteGas P-35 GB (Sarin Gas) P-43 Lewisite Gas P-55 GD (Soman Gas) P-74 Mustard Gas PK-7 Mustard/Lewisite Mixture P10 Phosgene Gas PC Lewisite Gas DECONS (PERSONNEL)

Decontaminate Agent Mixing Procedures Remarks

Bleach Blister, V, Bio, CN 50/50 Bleach and Water

Flush with clear Water after use.

Washing Soda Vomiting, G, CN 10LB Soda / 12

Gals Water (10% Solution Possible sources: Commercial laundry

Hot Soapy Water G, V on skin; liquid mustard, blood, arsenicals, blister, tear, and vomiting Mix thoroughly

Keep hot

M258A1 or M291 Kit G, V, mustard, arsenicals, blister None Only decontaminate available for paper.

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CHEMICAL OPERATIONS DECON (EQUIPMENT/ORDNANCE) Agent Decontaminate Blister: Mustards Arsenicals CX 1. HTH-HTB Solution 2. DS-2 3. STB Slurry 4. Bleach Nerve:

G series 1. Caustic Soda Solution 2. DS-2

3. Washing Soda Solution 4. STB Slurry

5. Bleach

6. Hot Soapy Water Nerve:

V series 1. HTH-HTB Solution

2. DS-2 3. STB Slurry 4. Bleach

5. Washing Soda Solution Blood:

AC-CK 1. DS-2

2. Caustic Soda Solution Choking:

CG 1. DS-2

2. Caustic Soda Solution Riot Control:

DM-DA 1. DS-2

2. Caustic Soda Solution Riot Control:

CS 1. DS-2

2. Alcoholic Caustic Soda Solution 3. Hot Soapy Water

Riot Control:

CN 1. Washing Soda

2. Alcoholic Caustic Soda Solution 3. Hot Soapy Water

Incapacitating Agent:

BZ 1. Alcoholic Caustic Soda Solution 2. Hot Soapy Water

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DECON (MIXING PROCEDURES)

Decontaminate Mixing Procedures Contact Time Remarks

Super-tropical Bleach (STB) Dry mix - 2 shovels bleach to 3 shovels earth. Slurry mix - 50 lbs bleach to 5 gal. water Leave slurry on munition 30 minutes, then rinse. 1. Rechecks: GB, HD - vapor check; VX - M8 paper. 2. Wear minimum protective clothing when preparing. 3. Gives off toxic vapor from G agents.

4. DS-2 put on STB will ignite

5. Pure bleach burns on contact with liquid blister agents. Decontaminating Solution #2 (DS-2) No mixing required

G and mustard - 10 min

All other agents - 30 min 1. Rechecks: Applicable agent vapor check.

2. Turns M8 paper black

3. DS-2 put on STB or HTH will spontaneously ignite 4. Wear minimum protective clothing when using. 5. Can be used from -25 to 125 degrees F.

Calcium Hypochlorite (HTH-HTB)Mix 10 lbs HTH with 12 gal. water (10% solution) Chemical Agents: 5 min Biological Agents: 15 min

1. Rechecks: V agents - vapor check or M8 paper; blister - vapor check

2. Wear minimum protective clothing

3. Pure, undiluted HTH-HTB will burn on contact with liquid blister agent and VX.

4. Possible sources: Chemical companies and laundry facilities.

5. DS-2 and HTH will spontaneously ignite

Sodium Hypochlorite (Commercial or household Bleach) No mixing required 5 min 1. Rechecks: Use vapor check

2. Wear minimum protective clothing

3. Possible sources: Commercial laundries and food stores.

(33)

DECON (MIXING PROCEDURES) Continued...

Decontaminate Mixing Procedures Contact Time Remarks

Sodium Hydroxide (Caustic Soda) Mix a solution of 10 lbs caustic soda with 12 gal of water (10% solution)

G agents - 5 min Mustard - 5 min Arsenical Blisters - 15 min Blood and Choking - 15 min

CN - 15 min

Biological agents - 30 min1. Rechecks: use vapor check 2. Wear minimum protective clothing when preparing. 3. When mixing, add caustic soda to water while stirring to prevent boiling and splattering due to excessive heat formed when dissolving caustic.

4. Caustic soda turns M8 paper red.

5. Possible sources: Chemical companies, large manufacturers of metal products, laundries, and drug stores.

6. Mix caustic soda in an iron, steel, or plastic container, NOT aluminum.

Sodium Hydroxide in an alcohol/water solution (Alcoholic Caustic Soda) Mix 10 lbs caustic soda with 12 gal water. Once the solution cools, add 12 gal of alcohol (methyl, ethyl, or isopropyl) Dissolve agent in solution and allow to stand for 24 hours 1. See remarks on

sodium hydroxide.

2. Wear minimum protective clothing when preparing. 3. After it stands for 24 hours, burn the solution.

Sodium Carbonate (Washing Soda) Mix 10 lbs washing

soda with 12 gal water (10% solution) Reacts rather rapidly for G agents (normally within 5 min) 1. Rechecks: G agent - vapor check.

(34)

CHEMICAL OPERATIONS OPEN PIT BURN PROCEDURES

(35)

Ref: TM 60A-2-1-3 w/cg 10 23 Sep 94 WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS

Do not tip or tilt the cartridge case after extracting the bullet from the cartridge. The powder is a potential fire and explosive hazard, and, if spilled between the

cartridge case and the cartridge holder of the extractor, it may make removal of the cartridge case difficult and dangerous.

CAUTIONS

Use service (Ball) .50 cal cartridges only.

Do not use steel shot with a non-electric cartridge. Do not use monofilament tape to hold the slug in position.

Review EMR hazards and precautions and electrical grounding procedures prior to using cal .50 impulse cartridges and electric blasting caps.

Ensure that the lead wires of all electrically initiated accessories are shunted until ready to be tested or fired. Keep all personnel and hands from in front or back of the dearmer after the cartridge is installed.

Use only authorized galvanometer or M51 test set. Do NOT use S70 steel shot with non-electric

(36)

.50 CAL DEARMER Ref: TM 60A-2-1-3 w/cg 10 23 Sep 94

.50 CAL TOOL LIST

All equipment on Conventional Incident Load out Plus: 1. Dearmer Barrel 2. Breech Plug 3. Standard Slugs 4. Wedge Slugs 5. Forked Slugs 6. Chisel Slug

7. Plastic Vial w/Rubber Bands 8. Steel Shot

9. Set of Angles 10.6' Lead Wires

11.Firing Wire (2 reels)

12.Blasting Machine and Test Set 13..50 Cal Cartridges (3ea)

14.Standoff Dowels 15.M122 Firing Device For Non-electric Procedures: 1. .50 Cal Cartridge Extractor 2. Toilet Tissue

(37)

NONELECTRIC INITIATION OF NONELECTRIC CARTRIDGES

IN SAFE AREA

1. Ensure all necessary equipment is available.

2. Prepare cal .50 ball cartridge (remove bullet and insert toilet paper).

3. Place cartridge in breech plug.

4. Apply silicone grease around neck of cartridge.

5. Screw assembled cartridge and breech plug hand tight into barrel.

6. Squarely cut both ends of a suitable length of det cord. 7. Assemble 2ea non-electric firing systems.

8. Prime firing systems into det cord.

9. Insert end of det cord firmly into breech plug flash hole, and secure with tape.

TRANSPORT COMPONENTS TO INCIDENT SITE 10.Seat slug.

11.If chisel slug is required: a. seat standard slug

b. fully seat chisel slug over the protruding portion of the standard slug

12.Secure slug with tape, if necessary.

13.Position dearmer for attack IAW applicable TM 14.Advise area commander of possible high order

detonation and ensure all personnel are properly protected.

15.Yell FIRE IN THE HOLE.

16.Initiate fuse igniters and return to safe area.

17.After dearmer has functioned, return to incident site and proceed as per TM.

(38)

.50 CAL DEARMER ELECTRIC INITIATION OF NONELECTRIC CARTRIDGES

1.

Ensure that all necessary equipment is available.

2.

Prepare .50 cal cartridge (remove bullet and insert toilet paper).

3.

Place cartridge in breech plug.

4.

Apply silicone grease around neck of cartridge.

5.

Screw assembled cartridge and breech plug hand tight into barrel.

6.

Squarely cut both ends of a suitable length of det cord.

7.

Sandbag and check continuity of 2ea elec caps.

8.

Test firing wire, then connect caps to firing wire and det cord (tape splices).

9.

Insert end of det cord firmly into breech plug flash hole, and secure with tape. Transport components to incident site.

10.

Seat slug.

11.

If chisel slug is required: a. seat standard slug b. fully seat chisel slug over the protruding portion of the standard slug.

12.

Secure slug with tape, if necessary.

13.

Position dearmer for attack IAW applicable TM.

14.

Return to safe area, laying out firing wire.

15.

Check firing circuit.

16.

Advise area commander of possible high order detonation and ensure all personnel are properly protected.

17.

Yell FIRE IN THE HOLE!

18.

Attach blasting machine to firing wire and function.

19.

After dearmer has functioned, return to incident site and proceed as per TM.

(39)

ELECTRIC INITIATION OF ELECTRIC CARTRIDGES (Steel Shot)

1.

Ensure all necessary equipment is available.

2.

If the cartridge has short white leads (SWL), use step a.; if cartridge has other than SWL, use step b.

a. Discard top to plastic vial. Insert vial (closed end first) to its maximum depth in the barrel. Fill vial and chamber with steel shot and cover muzzle with tape, plastic wrap secured with rubber bands or equivalent.

b. Discard top to plastic vial. Wrap a rubber band around bottom of vial and insert vial (closed end first) until the front of the vial is flush with the muzzle. Fill vial with steel shot and seal.

1.

Position cartridge in breech plug. Attach 6' lead wires, if necessary.

2.

Place cartridge under sandbag and check continuity.

3.

4.

Test firing wire, then connect cartridge lead wires to firing wire, and tape splices.

Transport Components to Incident Site

1.

Position dearmer for attack.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Yell FIRE IN THE HOLE

6.

Attach firing machine to firing wire and function.

7.

After the dearmer has functioned, return to incident site and proceed as per TM.

(40)

.50 CAL DEARMER

ELECTRIC INITIATION OF ELECTRIC CARTRIDGES (SLUG)

1.

2.

Position cartridge in breech plug, and attach 6' lead wires, if necessary.

3.

Place cartridge under sandbag and check continuity.

4.

5.

Test firing wire, and connect cartridge lead wires to firing wires (tape splices).

1.

Seat Slug.

2.

If chisel slug is required, seat standard slug, then fully seat the chisel slug over the protruding portion of the standard slug.

3.

Secure slug with tape, if necessary - NO monofilament Tape.

4.

Position dearmer for attack IAW applicable TM.

5.

6.

7.

8.

Yell FIRE IN THE HOLE.

9.

10.

After dearmer has functioned, return to incident site, and proceed as per TM.

(41)

WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS PRECAUTIONS

Do not spill any powder from the cartridge case after extracting the bullet. The powder is a potential fire and explosive hazard. Powder spilled between the cartridge case and cartridge holder of the extractor may make removal of the cartridge case difficult as well as dangerous.

Observe the safety summary and EOD procedures in the specific fuze manual concerning deviations from these procedures.

Ensure that the lead wires of the cartridge are shunted, unless testing or connecting to other leads or firing wire. Ensure that the wrench can be properly fitted to the component to be removed before attempting its

installation. This may include removal of parts, earth, or debris as a preliminary step.

Review EMR hazards and precautions and electrical grounding procedures prior to utilizing impulse cartridges or electric blasting caps.

WARNING

Do not jar, jolt, or otherwise mishandle a fuze after its removal by the impact or rocket wrench. The fuze may have become more sensitive as a result of wrench removal.

CAUTIONS

Before installing the jaw slide assembly, when using the conical jaws, ensure that the teeth of the jaws and the small concave side of the conical jaw assembly faces outward (toward the smaller end of the component to be removed).

Tighten the bolts of the jaw assembly until the jaw teeth sink slightly but firmly into the fuze body. Ensure that the jaws are attached to the fuze only and not to any part of the ordnance (bomb or projectile).

Only cartridges with the same color lead wires should be used.

(42)

ROCKET WRENCH TM 60A-2-1-46

TOOL LIST

All equipment on Conventional Incident Load out plus:

Rocket Wrench Assembly w/venturis installed Jaw Frame w/appropriate jaws installed

.50 cal Cartridges (2ea) Breech plugs (2ea) Firing Wire (2 reels)

Blasting Machine and Test Set 6' Lead Wires (2ea)

13/16 Combination Wrench 7/16 Wrench

Bungee Cord (4') Bomb Stakes

Bomb Tie Down Rope Parachute Cord (2') Electrical Tape Knife

Sand Filled Container

For Non-electric Procedures: 2ea Electric or non-electric firing systems .50 cal Cartridge Extractor

Toilet Tissue

6' Length of Det Cord

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

Prepare, test, and assemble as much of the wrench as possible at a safe distance from the ordnance under

attack.

Use service .50 cal service (ball) cartridges only. Keep all personnel from in front and back of the motor

(43)

ELECTRIC INITIATION OF ELECTRIC CARTRIDGES In Safe Area

1.

2.

Install venturis: Right hand threads -

counterclockwise; Left hand threads - clockwise.

3.

Place appropriate jaws in jaw frame.

4.

Remove breech plugs.

5.

Position cartridges in breech plugs.

6.

Attach 6' lead wires to cartridges.

7.

Place cartridges under sandbags and check.

8.

Insert cartridges into tool and screw breech plugs hand tight into motor tubes.

9.

Connect lead wires into a series circuit and check continuity (tape splices).

1.

Lay firing wire back to safe area.

2.

Test firing wire, then connect to circuit.

3.

Install jaw extender, if necessary.

4.

Install jaw slide assembly (ensure it is centered).

5.

Place rocket wrench subassembly on jaw slide assembly.

6.

Tighten R/W subassembly to jaw slide assembly by using a 7/16" wrench or screwdriver.

7.

Attach parachute cord/bungee cord to tightening bolts and stake.

8.

Return to safe area and test firing circuit.

9.

Advise area commander of the possibility of a high order detonation and ensure all personnel are properly protected.

10.

11.

12.

After wrench has functioned, return to incident site and carefully remove fuze from wrench.

(44)

ROCKET WRENCH

NONELECTRIC INITIATION OF NONELECTRIC CARTRIDGES

In Safe Area

1.

2.

3.

4.

Prepare 2ea .50 cal ball cartridges (remove bullet, insert toilet paper.)

5.

Place cartridges in breech plugs.

6.

Apply silicone grease around neck of cartridges.

7.

8.

9.

Assemble 2ea non-electric firing systems.

10.

Prime firing systems into det cord.

1.

If necessary, place jaw extender on fuze.

2.

3.

Place rocket wrench subassembly on jaw slide assembly.

4.

5.

Insert ends of det cord firmly into breech plug flash holes, and secure with tape.

6.

7.

8.

Initiate fuse igniters and return to safe area.

9.

After wrench has functioned, return to incident site and carefully remove fuze from wrench.

(45)

ELECTRIC INITIATION OF NONELECTRIC CARTRIDGES

In Safe Area

1.

2.

3.

4.

Prepare 2ea .50 cal ball cartridges (remove bullet, insert toilet paper.)

5.

Place cartridges in breech plugs.

6.

Apply silicone grease around neck of cartridges.

7.

8.

9.

Sandbag and check continuity of 2ea electric caps. Transport Components to Incident Site

1.

Lay firing wire back to safe area.

2.

Test firing wire, then connect caps to firing wire and det cord (tape splices).

3.

Install jaw extender, if necessary.

4.

5.

Place R/W subassembly on jaw slide assembly.

6.

7.

Firmly insert ends of det cord into breech plug flash holes and secure with tape.

8.

Return to safe area and check firing circuit.

9.

10.

11.

12.

After wrench has functioned, return to the incident site and carefully remove fuze from wrench.

(46)

MECHANICAL IMPACT WRENCH (MIW) TM 60A-2-1-46

WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

Prepare, test, and assemble as much of the wrench as possible at a safe distance from the ordnance under attack.

Observe the safety summary and EOD procedures in the specific fuze manual concerning deviations from these procedures.

Ensure that the wrench can be properly fitted to the component to be removed before attempting its

installation. This may involve removal of parts, earth, or debris as a preliminary step.

WARNING

Do not jar, jolt, or otherwise mishandle a fuze after its removal by the impact or rocket wrench. The fuze may have become more sensitive as a result of wrench removal.

CAUTIONS

Before installing the jaw slide assembly, when using the conical jaws, ensure that the teeth of the jaws and the small concave side of the conical jaw assembly faces outward (toward the smaller end of the component being removed).

Tighten the bolts of the jaw assembly until the jaw teeth sink slightly but firmly into the fuze body. Ensure that the jaws are attached to the fuze only and not to any part of the ordnance (bomb or projectile).

MIW TOOL LIST

All equipment on Conventional Incident Load out plus:

MIW (Properly assembled) Extra Spring Clip

FRA w/Allen Wrench (if needed) Extra Cotter Pin (small) Jaw Extender (if needed) Short Length of Parachute Cord

Adjustable Wrenches (2ea) Bungee Cord

Jaw Slide Assembly w/Jaws Installed Pulleys

Extra Rope Box (if needed) Bomb Stakes

(47)

GENERAL PROCEDURES In Safe Area

1.

Ensure that all necessary equipment is available.

2.

Place appropriate jaws in jaw slide assembly.

3.

Make sure wrench is assembled properly to remove the fuze threads encountered:

a. Spring and cord on reel going in a counterclockwise direction for right hand threads.

b. Spring and cord on reel going in a clockwise direction for left hand threads.

1.

Ensure there are at least 15 wraps of cord on the reel.

2.

If jaw extender is needed, make sure appropriate jaws are installed and extender is properly assembled.

3.

If FRA is used, make sure it is serviceable and that you have the correct allen wrench.

1.

Lay out rope from item to safe area. If pulleys are used, install them as you lay out rope to ensure that knots are far enough away from the pulleys so the rope can be pulled.

2.

Install extender or FRA to fuze, if required.

3.

If using bungee cord, attach nylon bridle to tightening bolts.

4.

Attach jaw slide assembly to fuze, FRA, or jaw

extender (ensure it is centered). If using nylon bridle, ensure it goes behind the jaws, is centered in the slots of the jaws, and comes out the front.

5.

Attach driving mechanism to jaw slide assembly.

6.

If using bungee cord, attach it to nylon bridle and stretch it to stake.

7.

Return to safe area.

8.

Advise area commander of the possibility of a high order detonation, and ensure all personnel are properly protected.

9.

Operate Wrench (tie the rope back together, operate the wrench, tie the rope back together, etc.)

Return to the incident site and, optimistically assuming it actually came out, carefully remove fuze from wrench.

(48)

TAPE AND LINE

TM 60A-2-1-1, 18 NOV 92, w/cg 1 WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

Stake, sandbag, or otherwise secure the ordnance to keep it from moving when fuze or hexagonal base plug removal is attempted. The force exerted by pulling on the line, plus the leverage produced by the wrench handle, may cause small and medium size ordnance to roll or pivot on their axis.

Keep the line leading away from the fuze perpendicular to the fuze body or the handle of the modified FRA unless called for in the procedure. Tightening the jaws may prevent the wrench from disengaging after the fuze is broken loose.

Do not pull on the line after it is attached to the pipe wrench until all personnel are in a safe area. The initial pull to break the fuze loose may function the fuze. However, slight tension on the line may be required to prevent the wrench from falling off the fuze before personnel return to the safe area.

WARNING

Observe EOD procedures in the specific fuze manual concerning deviations from the procedures herein. Failure to comply with any deviations may function the fuze.

TAPE AND LINE LOADOUT

All equipment on Conventional Incident Checklist plus: 18" Pipe Wrench w/Tape Attached

Monofilament Tape PSA Tape

Pulleys Bungee Cord

FRA w/Allen Wrench/Flat Disk Bomb Stakes

Bomb Tie-down Rope Extra Rope Box (if needed) Short Length of Parachute Cord Sand Filled Container

(49)

MODIFIED FRA TECHNIQUE (FUZE REMOVAL) In Safe Area

1.

Ensure all necessary equipment is available. (FRA with 3/8" allen screws)

1.

Position FRA using 3/8" allen screws on retaining nut flange and orient it to fit fuze restraining clip into recess of the FRA.

2.

Tighten set screws adjacent to each leg of frame support to center and secure FRA.

3.

Tighten remaining set screws.

4.

Install flat disk.

5.

Lay out rope to safe area. Fairlead if necessary, ensuring that the line is perpendicular to the fuze axis.

6.

Place 12 wraps of PSA tape around the frame of the FRA in the direction the fuze will turn when unscrewed. Leave 24" free to attach rope.

7.

Spiral tape around rope.

8.

Wrap 1 turn of rope around FRA.

9.

If needed, attach bungee cord to the hole in the FRA handle and secure it to the fairlead.

10.

Attach pipe wrench, or suitable tool, against flat disk.

11.

Attach 1 turn of rope to the pipe wrench, taking up any slack between FRA and wrench.

12.

Maintain a slight tension on the rope while moving to the safe area.

13.

Advise the area commander of the possibility of a high order detonation, and ensure all personnel are properly protected.

(50)

TAPE AND LINE

LARGE DIAMETER FUZES (GREATER THAN 2 INCHES) In Safe Area

1.

Ensure all necessary equipment is available. Transport Components to Incident Site

1.

Clean exposed fuze body, if necessary.

2.

Attach tape bridle to fuze body, if necessary.

3.

Lay out rope to safe area. Fairlead, if necessary, to ensure that the line is perpendicular to fuze axis.

4.

Wrap 4 turns of tape around fuze body, at the base of the fuze, in the direction the fuze will turn when

unscrewed. Leave 24" free to attach to the rope. Allow space to attach pipe wrench to the fuze body.

5.

Spiral tape around the rope.

6.

Wrap line 12 times (5-4-3, with sticks, etc. between wraps) around fuze over tape (PSA tape may be used if there is not enough space for rope).

7.

If needed, attach bungee cord to bridle and secure to fairlead.

8.

Attach pipe wrench to fuze.

9.

Attach 1 turn of rope to the pipe wrench, taking up any slack between fuze and wrench.

10.

Maintain a slight tension on rope while moving to safe area.

11.

(51)

SMALL DIAMETER FUZES (2 INCHES OR LESS) In Safe Area

1.

2.

3.

Lay out rope to safe area. Fairlead, if necessary, ensuring that rope is perpendicular to fuze axis.

4.

Wrap PSA tape 12 times around fuze body, at the base of the fuze, in the direction the fuze will turn when unscrewed. Leave 24" free to attach to the rope. Allow space to attach pipe wrench to the fuze.

5.

6.

Wrap 1 turn of rope around fuze and lightly secure in place with a small piece of tape.

7.

If needed, attach bungee cord to the bridle and secure to the fairlead.

8.

Attach pipe wrench to the fuze.

9.

Leave approximately 8" of slack between fuze and pipe wrench and secure rope to wrench with a girth hitch.

10.

Maintain a slight tension on rope while moving to the safe area.

11.

Advise area commander of the possibility of a high order detonation, and ensure all personnel are properly protected.

(52)

TAPE AND LINE

MODIFIED FRA TECHNIQUE - HEX BASE PLUG REMOVAL

In Safe Area

1.

Ensure all necessary equipment is available. (FRA with ¾" allen screws)

1.

Position FRA using ¾" allen screws on hexagonal plug.

2.

Tighten all set screws possible to secure FRA to hexagonal plug.

3.

Install flat disk, if necessary.

4.

Lay out first rope (remote operating line) to safe area. Fairlead if necessary, ensuring that rope is

perpendicular to plug axis.

5.

Lay out second rope (base plug extraction line) to safe area. Fairlead if necessary, ensuring that first 6 to 10' of line is parallel to plug axis.

6.

Place 12 wraps of PSA tape around the frame of the FRA in direction the hexagonal plug will turn when unscrewed. Leave 24" free to attach to rope.

7.

8.

Wrap 1 turn of rope around FRA.

9.

Tie second line to first hole in FRA handle, if a wrench is to be used, or to the unused hole, if a lever is to be used, and fairlead line through pulley.

10.

Attach pipe wrench to handle (against flat disk) or place lever into the FRA handle hole that will provide the desired lever angle.

NOTE: Do NOT pull on the first line after it is attached to the pipe wrench.

1.

Attach 1 turn of rope to the pipe wrench, taking up any slack between wrench and FRA.

2.

Maintain a slight tension on ropes while moving to the safe area.

3.

Advise the area commander of the possibility of a high order detonation, and ensure all personnel are properly protected.

4.

Pull rope.

(53)

MODIFIED TECHNIQUE In Safe Area

1.

2.

3.

Lay out line to safe area. Fairlead, if necessary, ensuring that rope is perpendicular to the fuze axis.

4.

Attach pipe wrench to fuze as close to the munition case as possible.

5.

Wrap 4 turns of PSA tape around fuze as close to pipe wrench as possible in direction fuze will turn when unscrewed. Leave 24" free to attach to rope.

6.

7.

Wrap 12 turns of rope around fuze and lightly secure in place with a small piece of tape (PSA tape may be used if there is not enough space for rope).

8.

Attach bungee cord to bridle and secure to fairlead.

9.

Leave approximately 8" of slack between fuze and wrench and secure rope to wrench with a girth hitch.

10.

Maintain a slight tension on the rope while moving to the safe area.

11.

Advise the area commander of the possibility of a high order detonation and ensure that all personnel are properly protected.

(54)

GAGGING/IMMOBILIZATION TM 60A-2-1-60

WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS CAUTION

Follow manufacturer's directions for preparing epoxy mixtures and make all required preparations for

application before mixing the epoxy. Epoxy mixtures will normally begin to set up and become difficult to work within a few minutes after mixing.

WARNINGS

Wear goggles and rubber gloves, and avoid breathing epoxy fumes during all mixing and application operations. Do not remain in the area while POP or epoxy is curing. POP and epoxy release heat when curing.

Do not strike or jar ordnance during the external gagging procedure.

Do not permit unnecessary movement of the item being gagged.

Perform initial movement of all gagged items remotely.

Be aware that heat producing gagging materials such as foams, epoxies, POP, etc., used on chemical delay action fuzing systems can accelerate the delay times causing the fuze to function before their predetermined delay times.

NOTE

Keep gagging techniques as simple as possible. For the most part it is left to the ingenuity of the person

performing the gagging procedure. The material used for gagging is usually chosen from that on hand. Gagging is at best a temporary measure providing an additional degree of safety for the transport of hazardous ordnance.

(55)

LOADOUT

All equipment on Conventional Incident Load out plus: Can of Plaster of Paris

Paper or Styrofoam cups 5 Gallon Water Can (filled) Water Pail Shovel Stirring Stick/Spoon POP Bandages Epoxy Cotter Pins Nails Paper Clips Tape Rope

PREPARATION OF PLASTER OF PARIS (POP) NOTE

Reference the specific TM for POP/water ratio. For general use, a 60/40 mix will work.

1.

Carefully construct a cofferdam around the fuze or item.

2.

Prepare POP solution by adding three parts to two parts water (by volume), and stir until a completely smooth consistency is obtained. In COLD weather, add a 1:60 ration of salt to the water prior to mixing with the plaster.

3.

Pour POP solution as specified in specific TM. Save some of the solution for a test batch.

4.

Return to the safe area and pour the remaining solution in the same type of material as used for the cofferdam (if the material used was earth, pour the solution on the ground. This will give an accurate indication as to whether or not the solution has set on the item(s) in question.

(56)

GAGGING / IMMOBILIZATION EXTERNAL GAGGING PROCEDURES SELECTION OF TECHNIQUE

Item Gagging Procedure

Arming Vanes Wire, Rope, or Tape

Tilt Rods POP or Epoxy

Close-Fitting Items Glue, Epoxy, or Deformation Loose Fitting Items Spacer (block)

Exposed Firing PinsPOP or Epoxy

Openings Tape, Plugs, Liquid Rubber, or Plastic

Striker Plates POP, Epoxy, or Wedges

Jump-out Pins and Plungers Tape or Epoxy

Military Firing Devices Cotter Pins, Nails, or Epoxy MATERIALS AND USES

Material Remarks

Wire, Rope, Tape, POP Bandage Wrap to prevent rotation/movement

Glue, Liquid Rubber, Plastic Follow manufacturer's instructions; clean surface prior to application

Spacers and Wedges Secure arming vanes, etc.

POP Use when high strength is not required Two-Part Epoxy Use when high strength is required

Cotter Pins, Nails, Paper Clips Use as a physical block; secure in place

(57)

TM 60A-1-1-31, DTD 19 JAN 82 W/CG 10 REMOTE INITIATION

MODIFIED PREPARATION

1.

Remove Fuze.

2.

Puncture vent hole tape (4ea).

3.

Rough up surface of first fire mixture.

4.

Fill ½ full of smokeless powder.

5.

Insert squib or split end of time fuse.

6.

Tape in place.

7.

Place grenades in position IAW TM for item.

8.

Return to safe area and initiate (electric), or initiate fuse igniter, and return to safe area (non-electric).

STANDARD PREPARATION

1.

Place cap 1" from the top of the grenade body.

2.

Tape cap in place.

3.

Place grenade(s) in position IAW TM for specific item.

4.

Return to safe area and initiate (electric), or initiate fuse igniters and return to safe area (non-electric).

NOTE: See Also: Incendiary Grenade Setup (Figure) General Bomb Publication

60B-2-2-3 (Covers specific procedures for MK 81, 82, 83, 84)

(58)

(59)

(60)

FIGURE 1

(61)

TM 60A-1-1-12, DTD 10 MAY 89, W/CG 1 GENERAL NOTES

h

Proximity fuzes are most susceptible to EMR.

h

The most sensitive portion of a bomb is the fuzing mechanism or device.

h

Two areas on rockets are considered EMR (RF) hazardous. The fuze and the rocket motor.

h

Cartridges, without firing leads, but with electrical primers, are also sensitive to EMR.

h

Electrical blasting caps, shunted or not, are also susceptible to EMR. Stretched out lead wires act as a dipole antenna. When coiled they can act as a closed loop antenna. Keep blasting caps in a sealed metal container until ready for use.

h

Always shield munitions and loose wires, from the effects of EMR, do NOT short.

h

Metal foil tape, not less than 1" wide, used to seal a seam between two sheets of metal foil is as

effective as folding the edges together to form a watertight seam.

h

All metal containers do not provide total shielding of the contents from the RF environment, but such comprehensive protection is not required. Placing aluminum foil around the top of metal ammo cans (so it will engage the lid when closed) will provide sufficient protection.

h

All exposed firing bands, buttons, rings, electrical contacts, and plug prongs should be covered with electrical insulating tape.

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EMR AND SHIELDING TM

WRAP IN FOIL (WIF) PROCEDURES In Safe Area

1?

Improvise a standoff with non-static producing material, such as cardboard or a paper cup (do NOT use plastics, styrofoam, or other static producing material).

2?

Construct single layer of foil, with edges overlapping and mating edges folded together to form a watertight weal. RTV can be used within the fold to ensure fold stays in place. An aluminum can, with the top cut off, can be used, provided that it will fit over the fuze and standoff. Multiple layers of foil increase the strength of the wrap and reduce the possibility of the shield being compromised by tear or punctures.

Transport Items to Incident Site

The orientation of the ordnance should NOT be changed until the shielding application is completed.

1?

Tape all jagged edges, as required.

2?

Do not touch any exposed wiring.

3?

Emplace standoff, and secure with tape, if necessary.

4?

If necessary and possible (or practical), remove any paint, oil, corrosion, or any other non-conductive material from the ordnance surface to ensure good metal to metal contact between foil and ordnance. A file can be used to remove paint.

5?

Emplace shielding material, ensuring a tight wrap around the ordnance skin, as flat as possible. Seal with metallic tape, if available. If not available, use electrical tape. The width of the tape should be wide (several tape widths), and the wrap as smooth as possible.

6?

Cover ordnance holes, if present, in the same manner.

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TM 9-1375-213-12-3&P DTD NOV81, W/CG6 WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS

WARNINGS

Never operate the M122 within 100 feet of any electric blasting caps or other EEDs.

Avoid contact with antenna when pressing firing button.

Always keep transmitter set to 000000 until ready to fire.

GENERAL PROCEDURES In Safe Area

1. Cut a 10' length of insulated wire for receiver antenna. 2. Install batteries in transmitter and receiver(s).

3. Attach antenna to antenna terminal. 4. Test:

a. Set receiver(s) to ARM. b. Wait 8 minutes.

c. Extend antenna, and set code on transmitter.

d. Lift FIRE button cover and depress FIRE button for 5 seconds.

e. Observe FIRE lamp on transmitter and yellow light on receiver.

Transport Components to Demolition Site

5. Prepare electric caps to accept lead wires IAW FM 5-250 and sandbag. Lay out lead wire between receiver and cap, connect leads to receiver and check

continuity. Remove leads from receiver, shunt, and connect leads to cap. Check continuity and shunt other end of leads.

6. If practical, select a transmitter location that provides a clear line of sight to the receiver.

7. Place receiver(s) in desired location (sandbag if necessary). Raise antenna or lay on the ground pointing directly towards or away from expected transmitter location.

8. Write down the code and location of the receiver(s). WARNING

Do NOT connect cap circuit to a receiver that does not have

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M122 FIRING DEVICE TM 9-1375-213-12-3&P DTD NOV81, W/CG6 GENERAL PROCEDURES Continued...

9. Clear the area of unnecessary personnel and keep blasting caps away from explosive charge.

10.Connect lead wires to blasting cap binding posts on receiver, face opposite direction, hold the receiver in your hand and place in the M122 ARM position. Wait 15 seconds, then prime caps into explosive charge. 11.Return to safe area.

12.Advise the area commander of high order detonation, and ensure all personnel are properly protected. 13.Wait 8 minutes (from time receiver was armed) and

yell FIRE IN THE HOLE.

14.Set the code on the transmitter, lift the FIRE button cover, and press the FIRE button for 5 seconds. Observe FIRE signal lamp, and listen.

15.After detonation, return to site and set lever to SAFE position.