Guerrero TechLaw Guide Draft Partial (2010)

(1)

Study Guide

Technology and the Law

Michael Vernon Guerrero Mendiola

2010

Berne Guerrero entered AUSL in June 2002 and eventually graduated from AUSL in 2006.

He passed the Philippine bar examinations immediately after (April 2007).

(2)

Technology and the Law, Arellano University School of Law Atty. Michael Vernon Guerrero Mendiola

Draft Guide, Part 1 (2010)

I. E-Commerce Law and Electronic Evidence A. Sources and finding tools

1. Laws and Issuances

* Republic Act 8293, 14 June 2000.

http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2000/ra_8792_2000.html * Republic Act 8293 IRR, July 2000: http://www.disini.ph/signed_irr.html * Rules on Electronic Evidence (AM 01-7-01-SC, 17 July 2001):

http://www.lawphil.net/courts/supreme/am/am_01-7-01_2001.html

* Re: Expansion of the Coverage of the Rules on Electronic Evidence (AM 01-7-01-SC, 24 September 2002): http://www.disini.ph/res_sc_am_1-7-01.html

2. Annotations

* Disini, JJ. RA 8792 IRR: http://www.disini.ph/downloads/EcomIRR %20Annotations.pdf

3. Readings

* Soriano, Jaime N. “A Synopsis of e-Commerce Law,” http://soriano-ph.com/wp-content/uploads/article/e-commerce.pdf

* Soriano, Jaime N. “The Philippine Rules on Electronic Evidence: An Outline,” http://soriano-ph.com/wp-content/uploads/article/e-evidence.pdf

B. Content Proper

1. Preliminary matters

Policy, and Objectives: Sections 2 and 3, RA 8792; Sections 1, 3, and 4, RA

8792 IRR;

Scope or Sphere of application (RA 8792): Section 4, RA 8792; Section 5, RA

8792 IRR

Commercial activities: Section 6 (b), RA 8792 IRR Non-commercial activities: Section 6 (k), RA 8792 IRR

Scope of application (Electronic Evidence Rules): Sections 1, 2, and 3, Rule 1,

AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]; AM 01-7-01-SC [2002]

2. Legal Recognition of electronic data messages, documents, and signatures Electronic Data messages and documents

(3)

in relation to Sections 8 and 9, RA 8792 IRR;

Definition of Electronic data messages: Section 5 (b), RA 8792; Section 6

(e), RA 8792 IRR (see MCC vs. Ssanyong); Section 1 (g), Rule 2, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]

Legal Recognition of Electronic Documents: Section 7, RA 8792; Section 7 in

relation to Sections 8 and 9, RA 8792 IRR;

Definition of Electronic Documents: Section 5 (e), RA 8792; Section 6

(h), RA 8792 IRR; Section 1 (h), Rule 2, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]

Formalities: Sections 10 and 12, RA 8792 IRR Electronic Signatures

Legal Recognition of Electronic Signatures: Section 8, RA 8792; Section 13, RA

8792 IRR; Section 1, Rule 6, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]

Definition of Electronic Signatures: Section 5 (d), RA 8792; Section 6 (g),

RA 8792 IRR; Section 1 (j), Rule 2, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]

Digital Signature

Definition, Digital Signature: Section 1 (e), Rule 2, AM 01-7-01-SC

[2001]

Definition, Electronic key: Section 5 (f), RA 8792; Section 6 (I),

RA 8792 IRR; Section 1 (i), Rule 2, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]

Definition, Asymmetric or public cryptosystem: Section 1 (a), Rule

2, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]

Definition, Key pair: Section 1 (m), Rule 2, AM 01-7-01-SC

[2001]

Definition, Private key: Section 1 (n), Rule 2, AM 01-7-01-SC

[2001]

Definition, Public key: Section 1 (o), Rule 2, AM 01-7-01-SC

[2001]

Definition, Digitally signed: Section 1 (f), Rule 2, AM 01-7-01-SC

[2001]

Definition, Certificate: Section 1 (c), Rule 2, AM 01-7-01-SC

[2001] Case(s):

a. National Power Corporation vs. Judge Codilla, etc., GR 170491, 4 April 2007; Third Division, Chico-Nazario [J]: http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2007/apr2007/gr_170491_2007.html b. MCC Industrial Sales Corporation vs. Ssangyong Corporation, GR

170633, 17 October 2007 (Third Division, Nachura [J]): http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2007/oct2007/gr_170633_2007.html

3. Evidence

Rules 128-134, Part IV, Rules of Court: http://www.lawphil.net/courts/rules/rc_128-134_evidence.html

General Provisions

(4)

Admissibility: Section 12, RA 8792; Section 18, RA 8792 IRR; Section 2,

Rule 3, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]

Construction: Section 2, Rule 2, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]

Object Evidence

Section 1, Rule 130, Rules of Court

Audio, video and similar evidence: Section 1, Rule 11, AM 01-7-01-SC

[2001]

Documentary Evidence

Sections 2-19, Rule 130, Rules of Court

Electronic Document and Electronic Data Message as Original Document: Section 10, RA 8792; Section 11, RA 8792 IRR; Sections 1

and 2, Rule 4, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]

Ephemeral electronic evidence: Section 2, Rule 11, AM 01-7-01-SC

[2001]

Definition, ephemeral electronic communication: Section 1 (k),

Rule 2, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]

Electronically notarized document: Section 3, Rule 5, AM 01-7-01-SC

[2001]

Note, however, that there is no e-Notarization Rules yet

Testimonial Evidence

Section 20-51, Rule 130, Rules of Court

Business records, exception to hearsay: Section 43, Rule 130, Rules of

Court; Sections 1 and 2, Rule 8, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]

Definition, business records: Section 1 (b), AM 01-7-01-SC [2001] Electronic testimony and transcript: Sections 1 and 2, Rule 10, AM

01-7-01-SC [2001]

Burden of Proof and Presumptions

Rule 131, Rules of Court

Burden of Proof: Section 11, RA 8792; Section 16, RA 8792 IRR; Section

1, Rule 5, AM 01-7-01-SC

Presumption as to Electronic Signatures: Section 9, RA 8792; Section 14,

RA 8792 IRR; Section 3, Rule 6, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]

Presumption as to Digital Signatures: Section 4, Rule 6, AM 01-7-01-SC

[2001]

Presentation of Evidence

Rule 132, Rules of Court

Authentication of Electronic data messages and documents: Section 11,

RA 8792; Section 15, RA 8792 IRR; Section 2, Rule 5, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]

Authentication of Electronic Signatures: Section 15, RA 8792 IRR;

Section 2, Rule 6, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]

Factors for assessing evidentiary weight: Section 12, RA 8792; Section

18, RA 8792 IRR; Section 1, Rule 7, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]

(5)

Integrity of information and communication system: Section 2,

Rule 7, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]

Definition, ICS: Section 5 (c), RA 8792; Section 6(f), RA

8792 IRR

Retention of Electronic data messages and documents: Section 13,

RA 8792; Section 20, RA 8792 IRR

Affidavit: Section 14, RA 8792; Section 19, RA 8792 IRR; Section 1,

Rule 9, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]

Cross-Examination: Section 15, RA 8792; Section 19, RA 8792 IRR;

Section 2, Rule 9, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]

Storage of electronic evidence: Section 3, Rule 10, AM 01-7-01-SC

[2001] Case(s):

c. Garcillano vs. House of Representatives Committees on Public Information, etc., GR 170338, 23 December 2008; En Banc, Nachura [J]: http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2008/dec2008/gr_170338_2008.html d. Ang vs. Court of Appeals and Sagud, GR 182835, 20 April 2010; Second

Division, Abad [J]:

http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/apr2010/gr_182835_2010.html e. Nuez vs. Cruz-Apao, AM CA-04-18-P, 12 April 2005; En Banc, Per

Curiam:

http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2005/apr2005/am_ca_05_18_p_2005. html

Other similar case(s) involving text messaging:

1. Dizon vs. Campo, AM P-04-1774, 9 February 2004; Second

Division, Tinga [J]:

http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2004/feb2004/am_p_04_1774_ 2004.html

2. Ang vs. Cruz, AM P-04-1822, 6 February 2006; Third Division,

Carpio [J]:

http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2006/feb2006/am_p-04-1822_2006.html

3. Advincula vs. Atty. Macabata, AC 7204, 7 March 2007; Third

Division, Chico-Nazario [J]:

http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2007/mar2007/ac_7204_2007. html

4. Tan vs. Judge Pacuribot, AM RTJ-06-1982, 14 December 2007;

En Banc, Per Curiam:

http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2007/dec2007/am_rtj_06_1982 _2007.html

5. Geroy vs. Judge Calderon, AM RTJ-07-2092, 8 December 2008; Third Division, Austria-Martinez [J]: http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2008/dec2008/am_rtj_07_2092 _2008.html

(6)

Banc, Carpio [J]: http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2009/jun2009/am_mtj-06-1659_2009.html

7. Narvasa vs. Sanchez, GR 169449, 26 March 2010; En Banc, Per Curiam:

http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/mar2010/gr_169449_201 0.html

8. Escalona vs. Padillo, AM P-10-2785, 21 September 2010; En

Banc, Per Curiam:

http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/sep2010/am_p-10-2785_2010.html

4. Communication

Formation and validity of Contracts: Section 16, RA 8792; Section 21, RA 8792

IRR

Recognition by parties: Section 17, RA 8792; Section 23, RA 8792 IRR Bank transactions: Section 22, RA 8792 IRR

Attribution: Section 18, RA 8792; Section 24, 25, 26 and 27, RA 8792 IRR

Originator: Section 5 (h), RA 8792; Section 6 (a), RA 8792 IRR Addressee: Section 5 (a), RA 8792; Section 6 (l), RA 8792 IRR Intermediary: Section 5 (g), RA 8792; Section 6 (j), RA 8792 IRR

Dispatch and Receipt:

Acknowledgment of receipt: Section 20, RA 8792; Section 30, RA 8792

IRR

Time of dispatch: Section 21, RA 8792; Section 31, RA 8792 IRR Time of receipt: Section 22, RA 8792; Section 32, RA 8792 IRR

Place of dispatch and receipt: Section 23, RA 8792; Section 33, RA 8792

IRR

Separate receipt and error:

Error: Section 19, RA 8792; Section 29, RA 8792 IRR

Assumption in separate data messages: Section 28, RA 8792 IRR

Security methods: Section 22, RA 8792; Section 34, RA 8792 IRR Teleconferencing:

SEC Memorandum Circular No. 15, series of 2001: http://www.sec.gov.ph/circulars/cy,2001/mc/SEC-Memo-15.htm

Case(s):

f. Expertravel & Tours Inc. vs. Court of Appeals, etc., GR 152392, 26 May 2005; Second Division, Callero Sr. [J]: http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2005/may2005/gr_152392_2005.html

5. Service Providers

Definition: Section 5 (i), RA 8792; Section 6 (n), RA 8792 IRR Extent of liability: Section 30, RA 8792; Section 44, RA 8792 IRR

(7)

Obligation of confidentiality: Section 32, RA 8792; Section 47, RA 8792 IRR

7. Hacking

Definition: Article 33 (a), RA 8792; Section 48, RA 8792 IRR

See also: Rule 3.i. (K), Implementing Rules and Regulations, RA 9160 (AMLA).

http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2001/ra_9160irr_2001.html

Related Laws: RA 9160, as amended by RA 9194: http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2001/ra_9160_2001.html and http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2003/ra_9194_2003.html

Case(s):

Re: 2003 Bar Examinations, BM 1222, 4 February 2004; En Banc, Per Curiam: http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2004/feb2004/bm_1222_2004.html

“Phreaking”

Case(s):

g. Laurel vs. Abrogar, GR 155076, 27 February 2006 (First Division, Callejo

Sr. [J]):

http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2006/feb2006/gr_155076_2006.html h. Laurel vs. Abrogar, GR 155076, 13 January 2009 (Resolution En Banc,

Ynares-Santiago [J]):

(8)

Technology and the Law, Arellano University School of Law Atty. Michael Vernon Guerrero Mendiola

Draft Guide, Part 2A (2010)

II. Intellectual Property Law A. Sources and finding tools

1. Laws and Issuances

* Republic Act 8293, 6 June 1997 for 1 January 1998. http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1997/ra_8293_1997.html

* Republic Act 9150, 6 August 2001.

http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2001/ra_9150_2001.html

2. Related Laws

* Republic Act 8203, 5 September 1996.

* Republic Act 9239, 10 February 2004. http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2004/ra_9239_2004.html

3. Historical Background (Patents, Trademarks, Copyright) a. Patents, etc.

* Republic Act 165, 20 June 1947. http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1947/ra_165_1947.html * Act 2793

* Act 2235

b. Trademarks, etc.

* Republic Act 166, 20 June 1947. http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1947/ra_166_1947.html * Act 3202, 3 December 1924

* Act 3070, 16 March 1917 * Act 666, 6 March 1903

c. Copyright

* Presidential Decree 1988, 5 October 1985.

* Presidential Decree 285, 3 September 1973. http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/presdecs/pd1973/pd_285_1973.ht ml

* Presidential Decree 49, 14 November 1972 . http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/presdecs/pd1972/pd_49_1972.htm l

(9)

* Act 3134

4. Conventions and Treaties

* Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property [Paris: 20

March 1883; PH acceded 27 September 1965]:

http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/paris/trtdocs_wo020.html

* Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure [Budapest, 28 April

1977; PH acceded 21 October 1981]:

http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/registration/budapest/trtdocs_wo002.html * Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) [Washington, 18 June 1970; PH

acceded 17 August 2001]:

http://www.wipo.int/pct/en/texts/articles/atoc.htm

* Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (Berne) [Berne: 1886; PH acceded 1 August 1951]. http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/berne/trtdocs_wo001.html

* Universal Copyright Convention (UCC Geneva) [Geneva: 6 September

1952; PH acceded 19 November 1955]

http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=15381&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html * Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)

[Marrakech, Morocco: 15 April 1994; PH acceded 1 January 1995].

http://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/27-trips_01_e.htm

* WIPO Copyright Treaty (WCT) [Geneva: 20 December 1996; PH

acceded 4 October 2002].

http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/wct/trtdocs_wo033.html

* Rome Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations [Rome: 26 October 1961;

PH acceded 25 September 1984]:

http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/rome/trtdocs_wo024.html

* WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty (WPPT) [Geneva: 20

December 1996; PH acceded 4 October 2002]:

http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/wppt/trtdocs_wo034.html

5. Related Conventions and Treaties

* Patent Law Treaty [Geneva: 1 June 2000]: http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/plt/trtdocs_wo038.html

* Hague Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Industrial Designs [includes at least four Acts]:

http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/registration/hague/

* Washington Treaty on Intellectual Property in Respect of Integrated

Circuits (not yet in force):

http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/washington/trtdocs_wo011.html

* Lisbon Agreement for the Protection of Appellations of Origin and their International Registration [Lisbon: 31 October 1958]: http://www.wipo.int/lisbon/en/legal_texts/lisbon_agreement.htm

* Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks

(10)

http://www.wipo.int/madrid/en/legal_texts/trtdocs_wo015.html; also Protocol Relating to the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International

Registration of Marks:

http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/registration/madrid_protocol/

* Trademark Law Treaty [Geneva: 27 October 1994]: http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/tlt/trtdocs_wo027.html

* Singapore Treaty on the Law of Trademarks: http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/singapore/singapore_treaty.html

* Madrid Agreement for the Repression of False or Deceptive Indications of Source on Goods [Madrid: 14 April 1891]: http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/madrid/trtdocs_wo032.html

* Nairobi Treaty on the Protection of the Olympic Symbol [Nairobi,

Kenya: 26 September 1981]:

http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/nairobi/trtdocs_wo018.html

* Convention for the Protection of Producers of Phonograms Against Unauthorized Duplication of Their Phonograms [29 October 1971; PH

signed 29 April 1972]:

http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/phonograms/trtdocs_wo023.html

* Brussels Convention Relating to the Distribution of Programme-Carrying Signals Transmitted by Satellite [Brussels: 21 May 1974]: http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/brussels/trtdocs_wo025.html

* Universal Copyright Convention (UCC Paris) [Paris: 24 July 1971]

http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=15241&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html

B. Content Proper

1. Patents

Patentable Inventions: Section 21, RA 8293 Novelty: Section 23, RA 8293

Prior Art: Section 24, RA 8293

Non-Prejudicial Disclosure: Section 25, RA 8293 Inventive Step: Section 26, RA 8293; Section 6, RA 9502 Industrial applicability: Section 27, RA 8293

Non-Patentable Inventions: Section 22, RA 8293; Section 5, RA

9502

To whom right pertains: Sections 28-31, RA 8293

Remedies: Sections 67-68, RA 8293

Term of protection: Section 54, RA 8293

Fees: Section 55, RA 8293

Extent of protection: Section 75, RA 8293

Rights conferred: Section 71, RA 8293; Section 107, RA 8293

(Joint)

(11)

RA 8293

Form and record: Sections 105 and 106, RA 8293

Limitations of Patent Rights: Section 72 RA 8293; Section 8, RA 9502 Prior user: Section 73, RA 8293

Use of government: Section 74, RA 8293 (see also compulsory

licensing)

Relief: Section 9, RA 9502 (Section 76, RA 8293, as amended); Section

77-84, RA 8293

Licensing

Voluntary

Contract: Section 85, RA 8293

Prohibited clauses: Section 87, RA 8293 Mandatory provisions: Section 88, RA 8293 Rights of parties: Sections 89-90, RA 8293 Compulsory

Grounds: Section 93, RA 8293; Section 10, RA 9502 Period to file: Section 94, RA 8293; Section 12, RA 9502 Requirement to obtain license on reasonable commercial

terms: Section 95, RA 8293; Section 13, RA 9502 Specifics

Procedures on Issuance of a Special Compulsory License under the TRIPS Agreement for patented drugs and medicine: Section 11,

RA 9502 (now Section 93-A, RA 8293)

Compulsory Licensing of Patents Involving Semi-Conductor Technology : Section 96, RA

8293

Compulsory License Based on Interdependence of Patents: Section 97, RA 8293

Terms and conditions: Section 100, RA 8293

Amendment, cancellation, surrender: Section 101, RA

8293

Licensee's exemption from liability: Section 102, RA 8293 Utility Model

Requirements: Sections 109.1 and 109.2, RA 8293 Term of protection: Section 109.3, RA 8293

Applicability of other provisions: Section 108, RA 8293 (see also special provision under Section 109.4, RA 8293)

Conversion of application, non-parallel application: Sections 109 and

110, RA 8293

Industrial Design, Integrated Circuit, Layout-Design

(12)

Preconditions: Section 1, RA 9150 (Section 113, RA 8293, as amended) Term of protection: Section 1, RA 9150 (Section 118, RA 8293, as

amended)

Applicability of other provisions: Section 1, RA 9150 (Section 119, RA

8293, as amended)

Rights conferred:

Layout-Design: Section 1, RA 9150 (Section 119.4, RA 8293, as

amended)

Limitations:

Layout-Design: Section 1, RA 9150 (Section 119.5, RA 8293, as

amended)

Trademarks

Definitions (mark, collective mark, tradename): Sections 121.1, 121.2, 121.3,

RA 8293

Registrability: Section 123, RA 8293

Non-Use: Section 124.2, RA 8293 (see also Section 151.1, RA 8293) When excused: Section 152, RA 8293

Duration: Section 125, RA 8293

Rights conferred: Section 147, RA 8293; Section 14, RA 9502

Assignment and transfer: Section 149, RA 8293 License: Section 150, RA 8293

Use of Indications by Third Parties for Purposes Other than those for which the Mark is Used: Section 148, RA 8293

Use of trade names: Section 165, RA 8293 Infringing marks in goods: Section 166, RA 8293

Remedies

Infringement: Sections 155-158, and 170, RA 8293

Limitations to Actions for Infringement: Section 159, RA 8293;

Section 15, RA 9502

False and fraudulent declarations: Section 162, RA 8293

Unfair competition: Sections 168 and 170, RA 8293 (Note, Articles 188

and 189, RPC [Act 3815] repealed via Section 239, RA 8293)

False Designations of Origin; False Description or Representation: