PERSONALITIES IN CORRECTIONS
MANUEL MONTESIMOS
In 1835, He Was appointed Governor of the Prison at Valencia, Spain. He organized the institution on the basis of semi-military discipline and encouraged vocational training and primary education of the prisoners.
GEORGE MICHAEL OBERMAIER
In 1842, He was the governor of a prison in Munich, Germany. He gained the men‟s confidence, removed their chains, discharged nearly all of their guards, and appointed one of them superintendent of each of the industrial shops.
SIR WALTER CROFTON
He was the director of the Irish Prison in 1854 who introduced the Irish system which was later called the progressive stage system.
DOMETS OF FRANCE
He established an agricultural colony for delinquents boys in 1839 , providing house fathers as in charge of this boys. The system was based on re-education rather than force. When discharged, the boys were placed under the supervision of a patron.
ALEXANDER MACANOCHIE
Introduced A progressive humane system to substitute for corporal punishment, known as “Mark System “where a prisoner is required to earn a number of marks based on proper department , labor, and study in order to entitle him to a ticket of leave or conditional release which is similar to parole.
He developed the forerunner of modern parole.
Developed a five step procedure he called a “mark system”- prisoners could progress through these stages eventually earning full freedom:
The steps were:
1. Strict custody/ solitary confinement 2. Labor in government work gangs/groups 3. Limited areas of freedom
4. Tickets of leave for conditional release/parole 5. Full freedom
ZEBULON R.BROCKWAY
He was the superintendent of the Elmira Reformatory in New York in 1876. He introduced a new institutional program for boys.
SIR EVELYN RUGGLES BRISE
He was the director of English Prison who opened the Borstal Institution after visiting the Elmira Reformatory in 1897 which is now considered as the best reform institution to young offenders. This system was based entirely of the individualized treatment.
IMMANUEL KANT
He believed in categorical imperative in imposing punishment. JOHN LOCKE
He believed that punishment was a criminal‟s just reward. ENRICO FERRI
Introduced the law on saturation- society can tolerate only a number of delicts. PETER RENTZEL
He established a work house in Hamburg at his own (1669) because he had observed that thieves and prostitutes were made worse of better by pillory and he hoped that they might improved by work and religious instruction in a workhouse
JHON HOWARD
The great reformer or reformist, who wrote „‟The State of PRISONS in England „‟IN 1777,after a personal investigation of practically all the prisons in England.
An important reformer. Often thought as the „‟Farther of Prisons Reform.‟‟
He was especially impressed by the hospice (hospital) of San Michelle in Rome. Howard devoted his life and his money to Prison reform. He advocated rigorous religious teaching, highly routine daily schedules and productive labor .He also advocated sanitary prison conditions, separating women from men and young offenders from older, paying jailers a salary rather than the relying on Payments from prisoners for food and using isolation for reflection and penance,
SIR THOMAS MORE (UTOPIA)
Wrote that punishment would not prevent crime and that it would better to look at conditions that caused crime.
JOHN HOWARD, SIR SAMUEL ROMILLY AND THE QUAKERS
KING HAMMURABI
The 6th king of the first dynasty in EGYPT. Famous for his code of HAMMURABI which was the
compilation and expansions of earlier laws which was the fullest extent collection of the Babylonian laws. This code adopted the principle “LEX TALLIONES”
King Hammurabi of Babylonia (1792-1750 B.C) acting as sole legislator and supreme judge of his kingdom. Set forth rules establishing offenses and punishments, a code who‟s who disobeyed its rules. GEORGE FOX
The founder of the Quakers known as the society of Friends-a church known as for pacifism, humanitarian and emphasis of inner quiet.
WILLIAM PENN
Founder of Pennsylvania, advocated of the Quakers and wrote numerous tracts on the Quaker‟s beliefs and was several times imprisoned for his nonconformity. He introduced imprisonment and was
responsible in the abolition of corporal punishment which includes the death penalty. DRACO
Known as the ancient law giver in Athens-who made a code known as Code of Draco, which made both serious and trivial crimes punishable by death.
SOLON
Permitted any citizen of Athens in ancient Greece to prosecute, thus showing interest to try a case in public.
KARL MENNIGER
He differentiated punishment from penalty. Punishment is pains inflicted over the years for the sake of inflicting pain while penalty is pre-determined prove leveled automatically for a crime committed. ARISTOTLE
First attempted to explain crime in his book “Nicomedia Ethics.” He discussed corrective justice-punishment is a means of restoring the balance between pleasure and pain.
THOMAS HARRISON
He was sentenced in 1668 for his participation in the killing of Stuart King Charles I. His penalty was death.
KING HENRY II, 1166 OF ENGLAND
He ordered every sheriff to establish a gaol, pronounced “jail” in his shire for the purpose of securing of offenders until they could be brought before the king‟s court.
CHARLES-LOUIS DE SE CONDAT, BARON DE LA BREDE AT DE MONTESQUIEU (1689-1755) Founder of Political Science. He criticized in humane punishment and argued that the punishment should fit the crime. He believed that harsh punishment undermined morality and that better way to prevent crime was to appeal to an individual‟s sense of decency and what was morally and socially right.
FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET VOLTAIRE (1694-1778)
He believed that fear and shame could deter crime. Voltaire fought against torture. He believed that punishment of criminals should be of use when a man is hanged he is good for nothing.
PLATO.GK.
Philosopher, earliest known advocator of punishment as utilitarian. JEREMY BENTHAM
Wrote that if punishments were known to be swift, sever and certain, and if the pains exceed the pain, criminals could be deterred.
SIR WILLIAM BLACKSTONE
He authored the Penitentiary Act of 1779, based on the published work of JOHN HOWARD with respects to prison reforms this was the first law for the creation of penitentiary houses.
(Compiled notes by Ma‟am Sina C Bestre (2006) PLTC CCJE hand – out in CORRECTION)
IMPORTANT PLACES IN THE STUDY OF CORRECTIONS
Walnut Street Jails- Originally constructed as a detention jail in Walnut Street, Philadelphia. It was converted into a state prison and became the first American Penitentiary. In 1790, implemented the new effort to use fewer harsh corporal penalties and resort instead to solitary confinement with labor.
Prisoners were locked in separate cell, isolated from one another for their sentenced. Each cell contained a Bible, which prisoners were expected to read. It was considered quiet progressive because it separated prisoners based on the seriousness of their offense, separated serious offenses from the rest of the prisoner population through the use of solitary confinement, and separated female from male prisoners. Two rival prison system in the early history of imprisonment:
A.Auburn Prison- It features the confinement of the prisoners in single cells at night and congregate work in shops during the day.
Auburn system- Emphasized crime prevention through strict silence and fear of brutal punishment: sometimes referred to as the congregate system.
Congregate System- Emphasized crime prevention through strict silence and fear of brutal punishment, with prisoners working and eating together as group; also known as the Auburn System. Provided for prisoner confinement in separate cells but brought the inmates together into congregate workshops (New York State Prison at Auburn)
B.Pennsylvania System- It features a solitary confinement of the prisoners in their own cells day and night where they lived, slept, received religious instructions and read the bible, and given time to work silence was also enforced. Pennsylvania system-Emphasized religion and penitence; sometimes referred to as the separate system.
Elmira Reformatory considered as the forerunner of modern penology located in Elmira, New York, 1976.It features a training school type of institutional program, social case work and extensive use of parole. It had all the elements of modern correctional system among which were a training school type, education and extensive use of parole based on the indeterminate sentence. Elmira Incorporated
individualized treatment using a mark system, education, indeterminate sentence and vocational training. The reformatory was seen as not only a new model to rehabilitate young adults but also as a means to segregate them from hardened criminals and simultaneously lessen the problems of overcrowding. This institution was considered innovative in its use of „‟good time‟‟ credits to increase inmate compliance and productivity, thereby decreasing the length of time serve in prison.
Birdwell Prison-The first prison or penitentiary located in Birdwell, England. Workhouse established in 1557 in London to house and employs the‟‟dregs‟‟of the city. It was not intended as a prison but rather as a way to take care of and train the poor and to instill in them the Judeo-Christian work ethic that hard manual benefits a person‟s soul as well as society. In effect, the workhouse‟s purpose was rehabilitative. Most Birdwell did not separate men and women, young and old, sick and healthy. Prisoners had to pay for their food, have family or friends bring then food or starve.
Dartmoor Prison-Once known as the „‟house of halfway to hell‟ ‟located in devonshire,England;originally constructed to house French prisoners.
Ancient Rome-a nation who pioneered banishment as a form of punishment. Berlin-The country where the last burning at stake was made until 1786.
Australia-A place where after the American gained their independence from England in 1786 the prisoners of England were transferred until 1867
Thames River- Located in south of England where in 1776, Prisoners were employed for a year to clean and build a Royal Dock in River Thames. The prisoners were quarted in hulks anchored in the Thames until 1807and Gibraltar until 1875.
ATTICA PRISON (1976)-PRISON riot where made 11guards and 32 prisoners were killed.
AUBARA PRISON (1816)-NEW YORK- Represented American pragmatism and efficiency and became the model of maximum security prisoners throughout American. The design was based on that of the Walnut Street Jail. Sometimes Referred to as „‟tiersystem‟‟.it was at auburn that the practice of having prisoners eat seated a long table face-to back was instated and classified prisoners based on the seriousness of prisoners crimes. Set the precedent for preset day minimum, medium, and maximum security penitentiaries.
Ancient Athens- The code of Draco for corporal punishment inflicting bodily form, so extensively it was rumored to be written in blood. The word Draconian became synonymous with extreme cruelty. Among the punishments set forth were flagging, branding, dawning and quartering, stretching on the rack and mutilating.
House of Refuge (1827)-Philadelphia, An Institution design to separate juvenile delinquents and poor children from adult criminals. Established by John Augustus.
Massachusetts Bay Colony (1632)- Was established as the nation‟s first prison in the United States . New Great Prison-Was named after the in famous London Institution was first opened in 1773…it was touted as an improvement over earlier practices of corporal punishments and execution.
(Compiled notes by Ma‟am Sina C Bestre (2006) PLTC CCJE hand – out in CORRECTION)
1. INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS
1.1 INTRODUCTION TO CORRECTIONS 1.1.1 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CORRECTIONS
The History and Development of Corrections from a Policy Perspective: Trying to reason out the unreasonable
A Couple of truths
Since the earliest prisons, they have almost always been overcrowded Wars reduce prison populations
Prisons and jails are more often than not filled with the poor Irwin calls this Managing the Underclass
Correctional Policy is a reflection of the times SUMMARY
The Politics The needs
The public‟s attention
http://www.hhs.csus.edu/Homepages/CJ/BikleB/The%20History%20and%20Development%20of%20Cor rections%20from%20a%20Policy%20Perspective.htm
1.1.2 THE CONCEPT OF PENOLOGY
The purpose of this research is to examine the concepts of correction and penology as they have been used in human affairs throughout history. Specifically, the intent of this paper is to study the more modern concepts of penology in terms of their historical context.
Most authorities tend to agree that the use of incarceration as a means of punishing criminals is a
comparatively new concept. There is no evidence (either in fact or on paper) of institutions that in any way resemble the modern penitentiaries dating back further than the last three centuries. The prison, in fact, was invented with the most humanitarian of intentions. The purpose of incarceration was, originally, to spare wrongdoers from the barbarism of corporal and capital punishment. This concept of the prison as a humanitarian institution might be very difficult to sell to the inmates of a modern penitentiary, but that was the intent of the founders of the first such prisons (Morison, 1965, pp. 400-417).
Prior to that change in societal concepts, most official acts of punishment fell into two categories: corporal and capital. The former was defended by many in that it was cheap and over with very quickly for the criminal. The latter was defended for the same reasons, although victims of this latter category of treatment might not have wanted it to be "over" so quickly. Both provided the general public with a vicious, obscene spectacle, but that was not included in official discussions of the pros
Is said to be effective if the end is realized with a maximum
of success while using a minimum of means. To test, therefore, the effectively of the prison system, the A system end or the objective and the means or the strategy availed of to secure the desired end must be examined.
This paper attempts to present the working of the prison system, the purpose for which it was established, the methods it employs, and the management strategy being used. It tries to present as candidly as possible conditions inside the prison, the problems, living conditions, activities.
And finally, in our modest way, we offer 'some recommendations and proposed solutions.
II. METHODOLOGY
The group engaged in theoretical as well as empirical research. For the latter the 11unicipal Jail .of Romblon, Quezon City Jail, Provincial Jail of Batangas and the New Bilibid Prison were utilized as venues as actual
investigation.
Ten maximum-security prisoners, six medium security-prisoners and five miniJ11um-security .prisoners . were informally interviewed. A pack of cigarettes always helped in eliciting honest and more dawn to earth answers. 60 .
upd.edu.ph/plj/images/files/PLJ volume 52/PLJ Volume 52 number 1 -03- Abelardo B. Albis, Jr., Eleandro F. Madrona, Alice P. Marino, Leonides S. Respicio - A Study on the Effectively of the Philippine Prison System.pdf
1.1.3 FORMS OF PUNISHMENT; ANCIENT TO CONTEMPORARY
Capital punishment in the Philippines has a varied history and was abolished on June 24, 2006 (the second time since 1987).
Filipinos have mixed opinions about the death penalty, with many opposing it on religious and humanitarian grounds, while others advocate it as a way of deterring crimes.
Spanish and American Periods
During Spanish colonial rule, the most common method of executions were shooting by the firing squad (especially for treason/military crimes, usually reserved for independence fighters) and garrote (a notable case would be the Gomburza).
A prominent example is the country's national hero, Jose Rizal, who was executed by firing squad on the morning of December 30, 1896.[1]
In 1926, the electric chair was introduced, by the United States colonial government. This made the Philippines the only country besides the United States to employ this method.
1946 to 1986.
Extreme overcrowding is the most punishing aspect of doing time in jails maintained by the Bureau of Jail and Management Penology (BJMP), which is an agency of the Department of Interior and Local
Government. In 2001, about 35,000 inmates were fighting for space in jails supervised by the bureau. Today, the number has jumped to 69,500.
The jails in Metro Manila account for 22,000 inmates which is more prisoners than the official capacity they can accommodate. At the Manila City Jail and other prisons in the National Capital Region, inmates have to take turns sleeping on the floor.
Based on government projections, the total jail population in BJMP-supervised jails could reach 89,000 in 2008, 101,250 in 2009 and 114,930 in 2010, way beyond the capacity of these holding facilities. These figures are only for the municipal and city jails which are under the care of the BJMP.
Over congestion also brutalizes life in penitentiaries and in provincial jails. The projected populations of national prisons administered by the Bureau of Corrections, an agency of the Department of Justice and the jails maintained by the provincial governments must be as dreadful.
Herding individuals in cramped spaces is cruel, inhuman, ill, degrading, and unjust punishment. Overcrowding is dangerous to health and to human life. It breeds diseases, breaks down discipline and exacerbates tensions. Having to fight for air and space 24 hours a day make prison, in the words of inmates, a living death.
1.1.4 THE DEVELOPMENT OF JAILS AND PRISONS
A system is said to be effective if the end is realized with a maximum
of success while using a minimum of means. To test, therefore, the effectively of the prison system, the end or the objective and the means or the
strategy availed of to secure the desired end must be examined. This paper attempts to present the working of the prison system, the purpose for which it was established, the methods it employs, and the management strategy being used. It tries to present as candidly as possible conditions inside the prison, the problems, living conditions, activities.
And finally, in our modest way, we offer 'some recommendations and proposed solutions.
1.1.5 CORRECTIONS AND THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
The Philippine Government have organized and established institutions which serves to maintain peace and order. These institutions are responsible for preventing crimes, enforcement of laws, apprehension and prosecution for those who violated the law. If, the courts of Law finds them guilty for committing crime they shall be confined in order for those people to be rehabilitated and reintegrate them into the
community as law abiding citizens.
These institutions organized by the Government have incorporated themselves in order to establish a Criminal Justice System. This system is composed of: the Law Enforcement, Prosecution, Court, Corrections and the Mobilized Community. The Law Enforcement effects the arrest of those people who violated the law. The Prosecution lays the background to determine whether the person arrested for violating a law be placed on the processes of the system wherein it resolves whether the person be charged in court or not. The Court is the cornerstone of the system wherein it determines whether the person charge for a criminal offense is guilty or not.
When the Courts of Law finds an individual guilty for violating the law, a sentence shall be imposed upon him, not for the person to change him attitude, but as a penalty. When the person has been proven guilty beyond reasonable doubt, he must be placed in a confinement for his protection and for the community‟s welfare. He is considered a prisoner while he serves his sentence imposed by the court for transgressing the law.
Prisoners are classified as National or Insular Prisoner whose sentence is more than three (3) years to death will serve her penalty at the National Penitentiary. Based on the Bureau of Corrections reception procedures, female convicts will serve their sentence at the Correctional Institution for Women at Madaluyong City, while male convict will serve their sentence at any of the Correctional Institution of the country, namely: San Ramon Prison & Penal Farm, Zamboanga: Iwahig Prison & Penal Farm, Palawan: Davao Prison and Penal Farm, Dajuli, davao del Norte: New Bilibid Prison, MuntinlupaI: Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm, Sablayan Occidental Mindoro: and Leyte Regional Prison, Leyte.
Before a convict can enter to the penal institution, he must first undergo admission and classification procedures. The operating manual of the Bureau of Corrections mandates that, admission will require the following documents: (1). Commitment Order from the Court or Mittimus; (2.) Court Decision of the Case; (3.) Information filed by the City/Provincial Prosecutor; (4.) Certificate of Detention, if any, from the City, Provincial and/or Municipal Jail where prisoner was detained.
The prisoner will then be received at the Reception and Diagnostic Center (RDC) and his identity will be examined through its photographs and fingerprints. The authenticity of the documents submitted will also be carefully examined. The inmates will also be photographed and fingerprinted for comparative and record purposes of the Bureau of Corrections. After the prisoner is admitted he will stay at the RDC for a total of sixty (60) days. The inmate will be placed first in a quarantine for at least five days (5) wherein the prisoner will be medically examined to determine illness and if found to have infectious or contagious diseases, he shall be immediately confined in the hospital until he will fully cured. After the quarantine, the inmate shall remain at the RDC for a period not exceeding fifty five (55) days, wherein the inmate shall undergo orientation of prison rules and regulations, the condition of prison life, and institutional programs for their early release. A staff interview will be conducted by the Psychiatrist, Sociologist, Educational Counselor, Vocational Counselor, Chaplain, Medical Officer, and Custodial or Correctional Officer. All the facts and data gathered during the staff interview will be used as the basis for classification, diagnosis, and planning for the treatment program of the prisoner. After the staff interview a Staff Conference will be called for the purpose of discussing the treatment program of the prisoner. And the inmate will be
informed about their findings and recommendation for his rehabilitative program.
The prisoners are classified in the operating institution into maximum-security offenders, medium security offenders, and minimum security offenders. The purposes for the classification of offenders are: 1.) To separate offenders who by reason of their criminal record or derogatory character are likely to exercise a bad influence to other offenders; 2.) To separate offenders who by gravity of their offenses have been sentence to longer periods of imprisonment and therefore requires a more secure facility; 3.) To divide and segregate the offenders into classes to facilitate their rehabilitative treatment.
Medium security offenders are those who cannot be trusted in less secured areas and whose conduct or behavior requires minimum supervision. Under this category are; (1.) those whose minimum sentence is less than twenty years imprisonment; (2.) remand inmates or detainees whose sentences are below 20 years, (3.) those who are 18 years of age and below, regardless of the case and sentence, (4.) those who have two or more records of escapes. They can be classified as medium security inmates if they have served eight years in the maximum-security camp after they were recommitted. Those with one record of escape and must have serve five years in the maximum security camp, (5.) first time offenders sentenced to life imprisonment. They may be classified as medium security if they have served five years in a
maximum-security prison or less, upon recommendation of the Superintendent. Those who were detained in a City and/or Provincial Jail for five years shall not be entitled to said classification.
correctionhttp://www.cu.edu.ph/concept-of-criminal-justice-system-in-the-philippines/
1.2. Philippine Prisons and Jails: Organization, Power and Functions of the Bureau of Corrections
1.2.1. BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS
Bureau of Corrections (Philippines)
New Bilibid Prison; the NBP Reservation houses the BuCor headquarters
The Bureau of Corrections (BuCor or BC) (Filipino: Kawanihan ng Koreksiyon) (KK) is an agency of the Department of Justice which is charged with the custody and rehabilitation of national offenders, who have been sentenced to three years of imprisonment[1] or more. The agency has its headquarters in the New Bilibid Prison Reservation in Muntinlupa City.
Organization
It is headed by Director Gaudencio S. Pangilinan and the bureau has 2,362 employees, 61% of whom are custodial officers, 33% are administrative personnel and 6% are members of the medical staff.[1]
Mission
To maximize the assets' value of the BuCor to effectively pursue its responsibility in safely securing transforming national prisoners through responsive rehabilitation programs managed by professional Correctional Officers.[3]
Mandate
The Principal task of the Bureau of Corrections is the rehabilitation of National Prisoners.[3] The Bureau carries out the following task to carry out its mandate:[3]
Confine persons convicted by the courts to serve a sentence in national prisons. Keep prisoners from committing crimes while in custody.
Provide humane treatment by supplying the inmates' basic needs and implementing a variety of rehabilitation programs designed to change their pattern of criminal or anti-social behavior.
Engage in agro-industrial projects for the purpose of developing prison lands and resources into productive bases or profit centers, developing and employing inmate manpower skills and labor, providing prisoners with a source of income and augmenting the Bureau's yearly appropriations.
New Name
Administrative Code of 1987 and Proclamation No. 495 issued on November 22, 1989. Change the agencies' name to Bureau of Corrections from Bureau of Prisons
Logo
The logo presented here, is symbolic of the Bureau's mandate, the rehabilitation of inmate. The logo focuses on the man in prison as the main concern of rehabilitation. It presents man behind bars,but who
looks outwards with the hope of re-joining the free community. The rays of the sun and the color green are symbolic of hope. The color orange is symbolic of happiness. The bar of justice represents the justice
system. (jrcp)[4]
1.2.1.1. HISTORY OF NATIONAL PRISON SYSTEM
Spanish Rule
Old Bilibid Prison circa 1900
The Old Bilibid Prison which was located on Oroquieta Street in Manila was established in 1847 and by a Royal Decree formally opened on April 10, 1866. On August 21, 1870 the San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm was established in Zamboanga City for Muslim and political prisoners opposed to the rule of Spain. American Colony
the Unit penal Settlement now known as Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm was established in 1904 by the Americans in 28,072 hectares of land. The land areas expanded to 40,000 hectares in the late 1950s.[4] and expanded again to 41,007 hectares by virtue of Executive Order No. 67 issued by Governor Newton Gilbert on October 15, 1912.
The Bureau of Prisons was created under the Reorganization Act of 1905 as an agency under the Department of Commerce and Police. The Reorganization Act also re-established the San Ramon Prison in 1907 which was destroyed during the Spanish-American War in 1888. The prisons was placed under the Bureau of Prisons and receive prisoners in Mindanao.[4]
The Correctional Institution for Women was founded on November 27, 1929 and it is the one and only prison for women in the Philippines. It was established to the Act No. 3579.[4]
On January 21, 1932, the bureau opened the Davao Penal Colony in Southern Mindanao.[4]
The New Bilibid Prison was established in 1935 in Mutinlupa due to the increased rate of prisoners. Proclamation No. 72 issued on September 26, 1954, established the Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm in Occidental Mindoro. and the Leyte Regional Prison was established on January 16, 1973,
NATIONAL BILIBID PRISON
1.2.1.2. Organization, Power and Functions of the Bureau of Corrections 1.2.1.2.1.National Bilibid Prison
New Bilibid Prison
Location Muntinlupa City, Philippines Status Operational
Security class Maximum security[1] Capacity 8,700[2]
Opened 1940
Managed by
Bureau of Corrections
Old Bilibid Prison c. 1900 The New Bilibid Prison in Muntinlupa City, Philippines, is the main insular penitentiary designed to house the prison population of the Philippines.[1] It is maintained by the Bureau of Corrections (BuCor) under the Philippine Department of Justice. As of October 2004, it has an inmate population of 16,747.[3] The penitentiary had an initial land area of 551 hectares. One hundred four hectares of the facility were transferred to a housing project of the Department of Justice.[3] The Bureau of Corrections has its headquarters in the NBP Reservation.[4]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Bilibid_Prison
1.2.1.2.2. PENAL COLONIES The Davao Prison and Penal Farm
Is the first and one of the oldest and most recognized penal colonies in the Philippines. Located in Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte, the penal colony is sprawled at the vast Tadeco Banana Plantation.
Formerly known as the Davao Penal Colony,the Davao Prison and Penal Farm was built on January 21, 1932. It was established within a 5, 212-hectare of land and was supervised by Bureau of Corrections and the Department of Justice.
Iwahig Penal Colony
The Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm was originally set up in 1902 by the United States to house Philippine prisoners who had fought against the American colonization of the Philippines. Today, situated on the lush island of Palawan, only 30 minutes by road from Puerto Princesa City, Iwahig is unique among penal institutions. Despite the fact that most of the 2,300 inmates have been convicted of homicide, the majority are minimum security prisoners and are thus not locked up within the colony. Instead, these minimum security inmates live in dormitories and work on one of the many agricultural projects located within the prison farm. Prisoners who are deemed to be at risk of escaping are confined to medium or maximum security areas, where they are monitored, but these prisoners comprise less than fifty percent of the Iwahig population.
Girls return home from school, passing maximum security prisoners working in a garden. Many of the prison employees live within the penal colony with their families, and there is even an elementary school within the colony.
After they gain the trust of the guards some colonists are given more responsibility. In this case, a trusted prisoner watches over other inmates working in the rice-fields.
Minimum security prisoners thresh rice.
Colonists are counted often to make sure none are missing. Here inmates are being counted after they finish work in the ricefields.
There is not enough money in the colony's budget to issue all prisoners official uniforms, so most inmates simply have an orange scrap of cloth pinned to their shirt to indicate that they are inmates.
Lunchtime at maximum security. Inmates get three meals a day. Meals mostly consist of rice, rootcrops and some vegetables. Once or twice a week inmates are given some meat. The budget for food is 20 pesos per colonist per day.
Prisoners in Maximum Security are not permitted to leave the compound except when working under guard. Friends in Minimum buy bread for them on the outside and bring it to them.
A prison guard stands watch outside a building that dates from the American times. The building currently serves as a recreation hall and a dormitory for minimum security inmates.
Members of a prison marching band. None of the bandmembers had any musical experience before arriving at Iwahig.
During his free time, an inmate teaches another inmate's son how to play
marbles. With permission from the Department of Corrections, some inmates are allowed live with their families inside the colony.
Inmates play volleyball in a tournament organized by the prison administration.
A colonist prepares dinner outside his dormitory. Minimum security prisoners, unlike medium and maximum security prisoners, prepare their own meals.
http://www.wirephoto.com/swallace/iwahig.files/Iwahig.html
Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm
The Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm is situated in Occidental Mindoro, Philippines. By the virtue of Presidential Proclamation no. 72, it was established on September 26, 1954.
Sprawled on a 16, 190-hectare land area, the Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm is one of the prisons nearer to Metro Manila.
According to records and file, the Sablayan prison first housed colonists, employees and prisoners on January 15, 1955. Since its establishment, the prison is continuously improved through construction of several buildings, including dormitories, employee's quarter, guardhouse, schoolhouse, chapel, recreation hall and post exchange.
The Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm is also where prisoners from New Bilibid Prison are brought for decongestion purposes. It follows the same colony standards as other penal farms.
It was actually considered as the second oldest penitentiary in the Philippines but the closure of the Old Bilibid Prison in 1940 made this place the oldest existing penitentiary today.
Established August 31, 1870 for persons convicted of political crimes.
This was closed during the Spanish-American war because of the damages it endured. But this was re-opened during the American time.
On November 1906, then American governor issued a decree defining the total area of the Penal Farm to contain 1,414.68 hectares.
However, Presidential Proclamation No.1205 of June 09,1972 transferred 500 hectares to the Philippine Coconut Authority (PCA) and the Zamboanga City Special Economic Zone and Freeport Authority (Zambo Eco zone).
Colonia Penal de San Ramon - oldest prison
http://travelingluck.com/Asia/Philippines/Zamboanga+del+Sur/_1688604_San+Ramon+Penal+Colony.ht ml
1.2.1.3. CORRECTIONAL FOR WOMEN
Correctional Institution for Women
The Correctional Institution for Women (CIW) is one of seven major facilities handled by the Bureau of Corrections (BuCor), an agency under the Department of Justice. Located in Muntinlupa City, CIW is one of the main stations for female offenders in the Philippines. It is the smallest but the most overcrowded correctional institution in the country, its 500 inmate-capacity reaching 951 (90% congestion rate) in 2001.
1.2.1.3 THE RECEPTION AND DIAGNOSTIC CENTER(RDC)
RECEPTION AND DIAGNOSTIC CENTER (RDC)
The Philippine national prison's RDC
Recognizing the need to properly orient newly committed prisoners to the Philippines' Bureau of Corrections, the Reception and Diagnostic Center (RDC) was created through the issuance of Administrative Order no. 8, series of 1953 of the Department of Justice. It was patterned after the
reception facilities of the California State Prison. The RDC is an independent institution tasked to receive, study, classify all national prisoners committed by final judgment to the National Penitentiary. The first RDC facility was created in Building no. 9 of the Maximum Security Compound of the New Bilibid Prison (NBP), Muntinlupa City. In a move to isolate the facility from the troubled maximum security wing then experiencing violence in 1973, RDC was relocated to Building no. 7, formerly referred to as Metro Jail of Medium Security Compound of Camp Sampaguita, NBP. To further insulate the newly received inmates from gang related exposures, the Center was transferred to the previous military command post adjacent the Medium Security facility where it is presently situated. The RDC is an entirely separate division with a highly technical function headed by the Chief of the RDC who oversees its independence in carrying its mandated tasks to receive study and classify all male national inmates committed to the Corrections by a competent court of authority. The Chief is directly responsible to the Director for all the activities
undertaken by her personnel. Presently, RDC has a total of fifty (50) personnel, consisting of 21 civilian and 29 security officers, whose job functions are inter-related for a worthy implementation of its programs. The success of all prisons' rehabilitation process depends on how the RDC tackles the necessary
orientation, diagnosis and treatment programs of the newly arrived inmates. Within the framework of staff and facilities, every effort is made to determine the inmate's strength as well as his moral weaknesses, his physical inadequacies, his character disorder, his educational, social and vocational needs. It is during the 60-day period, the critical initial contact between prisoner & his new environment that the primordial functions pertaining to care & treatment are exhaustively being carried out by the specialist staff. By the time the inmate is ready for transfer to any of the operating penal institutions, he has overcome all his fears and prejudices, has attained considerable adjustment, and is prepared to cooperate in the
implementation of his treatment program. Being the initial stop of every national male prisoner, the RDC regularly continues to improve its rehabilitative programs. One such reform is the embracing of the behavioral modification modality. Primarily a program for drug dependents, the RDC Chief recognized the potential of applying the same principles to all committed inmates, thus the RDC was turned into a Therapeutic Community Camp on February 6, 2003.
1.2.1.4 PRISON ADMISSION PROCEDURESAND CLASSIFICATION OF INMATES
The Philippine Government have organized and established an institution which serves to maintain peace and order. These institutions are responsible for preventing crimes, enforcement of laws, apprehension and prosecution for those who violated the law. If, the courts of Law finds them guilty for committing crime they shall be confined in order for those people to be rehabilitated and reintegrate them into the
community as law abiding citizens.
These institutions organized by the Government have incorporated themselves in order to establish a Criminal Justice System. This system is composed of: the Law Enforcement, Prosecution, Court, Corrections and the Mobilized Community. The Law Enforcement effects the arrest of those people who violated the law. The Prosecution lays the background to determine whether the person arrested for violating a law be placed on the processes of the system wherein it resolves whether the person be charged in court or not. The Court is the cornerstone of the system wherein it determines whether the person charge for a criminal offense is guilty or not.
When the court of Law finds an individual guilty for violating the law, a sentence shall be imposed upon him, not for the person to change him attitude, but as a penalty. When the person has been proven guilty beyond reasonable doubt, he must be placed in a confinement for his protection and for the community‟s welfare. He is considered a prisoner while he serves his sentence imposed by the court for transgressing the law.
Prisoners are classified as National or Insular Prisoner whose sentence is more than three (3) years to death will serve her penalty at the National Penitentiary. Based on the Bureau of Corrections reception procedures, female convicts will serve their sentence at the Correctional Institution for Women at Madaluyong City, while male convict will serve their sentence at any of the Correctional Institution of the country, namely: San Ramon Prison & Penal Farm, Zamboanga: Iwahig Prison & Penal Farm, Palawan: Davao Prison and Penal Farm, Dajuli, Davao del Norte: New Bilibid Prison, Muntinlupa: Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm, Sablayan Occidental Mindoro: and Leyte Regional Prison, Leyte.
Before a convict can enter to the penal institution, he must first undergo admission and classification procedures. The operating manual of the Bureau of Corrections mandates that, admission will require the following documents: (1). Commitment Order from the Court or Mittimus; (2.) Court Decision of the Case; (3.) Information filed by the City/Provincial Prosecutor; (4.) Certificate of Detention, if any, from the City, Provincial and/or Municipal Jail where prisoner was detained.
The prisoner will then be received at the Reception and Diagnostic Center (RDC) and his identity will be examined through its photographs and fingerprints. The authenticity of the documents submitted will also be carefully examined. The inmates will also be photographed and fingerprinted for comparative and record purposes of the Bureau of Corrections. After the prisoner is admitted he will stay at the RDC for a total of sixty (60) days. The inmate will be placed first in a quarantine for at least five days (5) wherein the prisoner will be medically examined to determine illness and if found to have infectious or contagious diseases, he shall be immediately confined in the hospital until he will fully cured. After the quarantine, the inmate shall remain at the RDC for a period not exceeding fifty five (55) days, wherein the inmate shall undergo orientation of prison rules and regulations, the condition of prison life, and institutional programs for their early release. A staff interview will be conducted by the Psychiatrist, Sociologist, Educational Counselor, Vocational Counselor, Chaplain, Medical Officer, and Custodial or Correctional Officer. All the facts and data gathered during the staff interview will be used as the basis for classification, diagnosis,
and planning for the treatment program of the prisoner. After the staff interview a Staff Conference will be called for the purpose of discussing the treatment program of the prisoner. And the inmate will be
informed about their findings and recommendation for his rehabilitative program.
An admission Summary will be submitted by the RDC to the penal superintendent which contains; the legal accountabilities of the case of the prisoner, criminal history, social history, physical history,
vocational interest, competence, experience and training, educational qualification, religious background and interest, recreational interest, psychological characteristics and other behavioral characteristics. The recommended treatment program will also be attached with will serve as a guide in the execution of the treatment program at the operating institution. All of these things will be submitted by the RDC to the Penal Superintendent and to the operating institution.
The operating institution is the actual cell assignment where the prisoner shall be placed. Before the inmate can enter to the operating institution she shall first be classified as to what security classification should she belong. All information about the convict and the result of the examinations conducted will be used by the Classification Board for the security classification of the prisoner. The classification board is composed of the following: the Penal Superintendent as Chairman; The Chief of the Reception and Diagnostic Center as Vice-Chairman; The Chief of the RDC as Vice-Chairman; the Medical Officer, the Chief Education Section, the Chief Agro-Industries Section as members and the Chief Overseer of the Penal Colony as Secretary. The Chief of Agri-Industries role in the classification process is to ascertain whether such work program granted to such inmate is viable considering their security status.
The prisoners are classified in the operating institution into maximum-security offenders, medium security offenders, and minimum security offenders. The purposes for the classification of offenders are: 1.) To separate offenders who by reason of their criminal record or derogatory character are likely to exercise a bad influence to other offenders; 2.) To separate offenders who by gravity of their offenses have been sentence to longer periods of imprisonment and therefore requires a more secure facility; 3.) To divide and segregate the offenders into classes to facilitate their rehabilitative treatment.
Maximum-security offenders include offenders who are highly dangerous as determined by the
Classification Board, which will require a high degree of control and supervision. Under this category are those; (1.) sentence to death, (2.) those whose minimum sentence is 20 years imprisonment, (3.) remand inmates or those inmate whose cases are still under review by the Supreme Court or Court of Appeals and inmates whose sentence is twenty years and above, (4.) those with pending cases, (5.) recidivist, habitual delinquents, escapes, (6.) those confined at the Reception and Diagnostic Center, (7.) those under disciplinary punishment or safe keeping, (8.) those who are criminally insane or those suffering from severe personality or emotional disorders that make them dangerous to fellow inmates and prison staff.
Medium security offenders are those who cannot be trusted in less secured areas and whose conduct or behavior requires minimum supervision. Under this category are; (1.) those whose minimum sentence is less than twenty years imprisonment; (2.) remand inmates or detainees whose sentences are below 20 years, (3.) those who are 18 years of age and below, regardless of the case and sentence, (4.) those who have two or more records of escapes. They can be classified as medium security inmates if they have served eight years in the maximum-security camp after they were recommitted. Those with one record of escape and must have serve five years in the maximum security camp, (5.) first time offenders sentenced to life imprisonment. They may be classified as medium security if they have served five years in a maximum-security prison or less, upon recommendation of the Superintendent. Those who were detained in a City and/or Provincial Jail for five years shall not be entitled to said classification.
Minimum-security offenders are those who can be reasonably trusted to serve their sentence under less restricted conditions. Under this category are those; (1.) with a severe physical handicap as certified by the chief medical officer of the prison, (2.) those who are sixty-five years old and above, without pending case and whose convictions are not on appeal, (3.) those who have serve one-half (1/2) of their minimum sentence or one-third (1/3) of their maximum sentence, excluding Good Conduct Time Allowance
(GCTA), (4.) those who have only six months more to serve before the expiration of their maximum sentence.
When the inmate is already in their assigned quarters at the operating institution, they are still covered by the laws of our Government and the rules and regulations of prison which serves as their disciplinary measures. Such that, when an inmate commits an offense punishable under the Revised Penal Code or other Special Criminal Laws he will be criminally charged in proper Court.
1.2.2. Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
As one of the five pillars of the Criminal Justice System, the BJMP was created to address growing concern of jail management and penology problem. Primarily, its clients are detainees accused before a court who are temporarily confined in such jails while undergoing investigation, waiting final judgment and those who are serving sentence promulgated by the court 3 years and below. As provided for under R.A. No. 6975, the Jail Bureau is mandated to take operational and administrative control over all city, district and municipal jails.
The Bureau has four major areas of rehabilitation program, namely: Livelihood Projects, Educational and Vocational Training, Recreation and Sports, and Religious/ Spiritual Activities. These were continuously implemented to eliminate the offenders' pattern of criminal behavior and to reform them to become law-abiding and productive citizens.
Although the workplace of the Jail Bureau is confined inside the portals of jail to safeguard inmates, nonetheless, the Bureau has an inherent function of informing the public of jail operations and other matters concerning the corrections pillar of the Philippines. Coincidentally, being a new and growing Bureau, BJMP aims to keep the public abreast of information regarding jail management and penology. http://www.bjmp.gov.ph/about.html
1.2.2.1. History of Jails in the Philippines A. Pre-Spanish
The pre-Spanish era was marked by basic political diversity. The main political unit was the barangay which exercised jurisdiction within its small territorial limits composed mostly of about 100 to 200 families. Consequently, there was no single criminal justice system and there was no single prison system in the Philippines. As a matter of fact, imprisonment as a penalty for law-violations was unheard of. There were no prisons to house any felon since punishment was mainly retributive in character.
Some historical documents such as the Code of Kalantiao (1433) prescribed death, incineration, flagellation, mutilation, swimming under water for a fixed time, ant treatment and fines. Those guilty of recidivism were beaten to death or exposed to ants for 1 day. Slavery or servitude was also imposed as subsidiary penalties for fines. All these indicate that the pre- Spanish criminal law was purely punitive and retributive.
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Leonides%20S.%20Respicio%20-%20A%20Study%20on%20the%20Effectivity%20of%20the%20Philippine%20Prison%20System.pdf B. Spanish Regime
Upon the imposition of the Spanish control, the European Criminal system was introduced in the Philippines. Those penal laws consisting of royal decrees, orders, ordinances, rules and regulations for the governing of colonies which were later embodied in the Recopilacion de las Leyes de India, became the base of the Philippine Penal Laws.
By 1887 the aforecited Recopilacion was substituted by the imposition of the Spanish Penal Code of 1870.
The Spanish criminal justice system was punitive or retributive in character. It also sought to segregate convicted criminals from the main-stream of the society. Punishment of criminals was undertaken by the incarceration of convicts for a period depending on the nature of the crime.
Prisoners were confined in jails under the jurisdiction of the commandancia of the province. There was no single penal system until the Spanish government decided to erect national penitentiaries. On September 12, 1859, the Spanish government opened for public bidding the construction of a prison to be known as the Carcel y Prisidio Correccional which would house about 1,127 prisoners all over the
Philippines. The construction of the building began at Azcarraga, Manila. Seven years later, the building was completed.
The prison which was to be known as the Bilibid Prisons was described as follows:
It was composed of the following buildings: one building for the offices and quarters of the prison warden and 15 buildings or Departments for prisoners which were arranged radially and formed spokes. The central tower formed t he hub. Under this tower was the chapel. There were four cell-houses for the isolated prisoners and four isolated buildings located on the four corners of the walls which served as kitchen, hospital and stores. The prison was divided in the middle by a thick wall.
Aside from the Bilibid prisons there were three other principal penitentiaries established by the Spanish government in Cavite, Zamboanga and the Marianas Island.
http://law.upd.edu.ph/plj/images/files/PLJ%20volume%2052/PLJ%20Volume%2052%20number%201%2 0-03-%20Abelardo%20B.%20Albis,%20Jr.,%20Eleandro%20F.%20Madrona,%20Alice%20P.%20Marino,%20 Leonides%20S.%20Respicio%20-%20A%20Study%20on%20the%20Effectivity%20of%20the%20Philippine%20Prison%20System.pdf C. American Regime
Upon the withdrawal of the Spanish government, all prisoners were released and the
penitentiaries were abandoned until 1905 when the American Army reestablished the institutions and created the Bureau of Prisons under the Department of Commerce and Police. During the period, additional insular prisons were established: Iwahig Penal Colony, San Ramon Prison (reactivated), Corregidor Stockade (phased out in 1941), Bontoc Prison, Correctional Institute for Women and the Davao Penal Colony.
In 1924, Director of Prisons Ramon Victorio advocated the transfer of the Bilibid Prisons from the heart of Manila to a place outside the city because of the rapid increase of the prison population. A
committee headed by the Secretary of Justice was formed in order to study the feasibility of the proposal. In 1936, the city of Manila exchanged its 552 hectares of land located at Muntinlupa, Rizal for the Bilibid Prison which later became the Manila City Jail. Thereafter, construction began and shortly before the outbreak of the war and before the complex was completed, the transfer of all insular prisoners was undertaken.
During the war, the New Bilibid Prison at Muntinlupa was used by the Japanese for incarcerating suspected guerrillas and Japanese enemies. Upon the liberation of Manila, former American prisoners of war were confined at the New Bilibid Prisons for recuperation.
The American period did not radically alter the penal philosophy of the Philippines. It continued to rely on the outmoded classical doctrine of free will which punished the crime rather than the criminal. The promulgation of the Revised Penal Code did not significantly change the philosophy. It is also punitive in character, albeit with some redeeming features such as the mitigating and aggravating circumstances wherein the conditions or the circumstances of the criminal at the time of the commission of the crime are to be considered.
In 1919 the Philippine Bar Association created a committee to investigate the conditions inside the national penitentiary. The committee found out that the prisoners were subjected to cruel and
excessive punishment. They singled out the bartolina which constitutes ot close confinement in irons with the prisoner's hands chained to a post or wall at about the height of his shoulder. A gag was also used occasionally to prevent the prisoner from making loud or disagreeable noises. This gag consisted of a piece of wood fitted to enter the mouth of the prisoners.
On the other hand, the institution of open penal farms was introduced. Prisoners with good record of behavior at the New Bilibid Prisons were transported to penal colonies at Iwahig at Davao to work as farmers in an atmosphere similar to a free society.
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D. After the American Regime
In 1949, the Department of Justice issued rules for the treatment of prisoners which aimed, among others, at the rehabilitation of the criminal. The purpose of the prison system was not merely to punish the crime but likewise to rehabilitate or correct the criminal.
However, this did not significantly alleviate the actual condition of the prisons. The New Bilibid Prisons proved to be inadequate to meet the demands of growing prison population. The over congestion, inadequate food, accommodation and idleness of the prisoners were cited as causes of the prison riots of the 1950's and the 1960's. The Senate committee on Justice of the Fourth Session of the Sixth Congress investigated the condition of the penitentiaries in 1968-69, and findings revealed the sub-human
conditions inside the prisons.
In 1971, the government erected two satellite camps to alleviate the problem of congestion inside the National Bilibid Prisons proper. The Camp Sampaguita houses the medium-security prisoners, the
youthful offenders and the Reception Diagnostic Center. The Camp Bukang-Liwayway on the other hand houses the minimum-security prisoners who have served at least one-fifth of their maximum sentence.
By 1976, the Philippine government had more than 1,500 correctional institutions. Of this number, 8 are insular prisons under the direct super- vision of the Directors of Prisons; 72 are provincial jails administered by the provincial governors; 65 city jails and 1,437 municipal jails 18 which are administered by the local police agencies under the Integrated National Police.
http://law.upd.edu.ph/plj/images/files/PLJ%20volume%2052/PLJ%20Volume%2052%20number%201%2 0-03-%20Abelardo%20B.%20Albis,%20Jr.,%20Eleandro%20F.%20Madrona,%20Alice%20P.%20Marino,%20 Leonides%20S.%20Respicio%20-%20A%20Study%20on%20the%20Effectivity%20of%20the%20Philippine%20Prison%20System.pdf E. Present
On January 2, 1991, the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology was created thru Republic Act 6975 as a line Bureau under the Department of Interior and Local Government. The Jail Bureau is the upgraded version of its forerunner, the Office of Jail Management and Penology of the defunct PC/INP last headed by BRIG GEN Arsenio E. Concepcion.
As mandated by law, the BJMP shall operate under the reorganized Department of the Interior and Local Government.
Starting from scratch with 500 personnel in 1991 the BJMP weaned from its mother PC/INP as a mere component, to become a full-fledge bureau. Director Charles S. Mondejar took his oath of office on July 1 of 1991 as the first Chief of the Bureau.
The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology supervises and controls all district, city and municipal jails.
At present, DIRECTOR ROSENDO MORO DIAL, CESO III serves as the Jail Bureau's Chief. http://www.bjmp.gov.ph/about.html
1.2.2.2. Organization, Powers and Functions of the BJMP
Functions of the BJMP
a. Formulate policies and guidelines in the administration of all district, city and municipal jails nationwide.
b. Implement strong security measures for t5he control of inmates; c. Provide for the basic needs of inmates;
e. Improve Jail facilities;
f. Promote the general welfare and development of personnel. http://www.scribd.com/doc/47343965/BJMP
1.2.2.2.1 The Bureau
The Bureau, under the provisions of RA 6975, RA 9263 and other CSC rules and guidelines, ensures that all its personnel are given appropriate task commensurate to their designations, ranks and trainings. These help the Bureau establish an organized, efficient and effective manning scheme.
Duties, Responsibilities, Powers and Functions 1. Chief, BJMP
a. Acts as adviser to the Secretary of the DILG relating to formulation and implementation of policies, plans and programs in the supervision and control of districts, city and municipal jails nationwide b. Exercises command, supervision and control over all personnel of the Jail Bureau;
c. Administers and implements laws relating to jail management and enforces rules and regulations governing the administration and operation of the Jail bureau down to its lowest units; d. Recommends to the Secretary rules and regulations other guidelines which require the Department‟s approval;
e. Issues Directives, instructions and policies for the efficient implementation of programs; and f. Appoints new applicants and promotes non-officers rank within the National headquarters and Officers rank from jail Inspector to Superintendent nationwide.
2. Deputy Chief for Administration
a. Advises and assists the Chief, BJMP in the formulation and implementation of the plans, programs and policies pertaining to personnel, logistics and comptrollership;
b. Assists the Chief, BJMP in the proper implementation of the various programs/activities of the different divisions, regional offices and in administration of the jail nationwide;
c. Assumes the duties of the chief, during the latter‟s absence; and d. Performs such other functions as may be assigned by the Chief, BJMP.
a. Advises and assists the chief, BJMP in the formulation and implementation of the plans, programs and policies pertaining to jail operations;
b. Assists the Chief, BJMP in the proper implementation of the various programs/activities of the different divisions, regional offices and in the administration of the jails nationwide;
c. Assumes the duties of the Chief in the absence of the former and the deputy Chief for administration; and,
d. Performs such other functions as may be assigned by the Chief, BJMP.
4. The Chief of Directorial Staff
a. Exercise direct supervision over the operations of Directorates and offices at the National headquarters;
b. Directs, supervises and ensures coordination of the work of the staff, except in those specific areas reserved by the Chief, BJMP, thereby freeing the latter from routine details;
c. Reviews and approves authorized staff actions to ensure that they are adequate, coordinated and designated to produce the Bureau‟s intended results;
d. Ensures that the subordinate divisions or officers are kept informed of actions affecting their units; e. Ensures that the decisions and concepts of Chief, BJMP are implemented by directing the staff and assigning them specific responsibilities, when necessary, to prepare and issue plans, orders, reports, and other actions;
f. Represents the Chief, BJMP in all external activities when authorized; g. Maintains a master policy file and monitors the implementation of all SOPs; h. Ensures that required liaison is established;
i. Requires all coordinating and special staff officers to inform him of any recommendation to, or instruction directly from Chief, BJMP unless otherwise instructed by the Chief, BJMP; and
j. Performs such other functions as may be assigned by the Chief, BJMP.
5. Directorate for Human Resource and Records Management
a. Develops and Implements programs relating to selection, recruitment, examination, appointment, promotion, retirement, separation from the service and assignment of personnel and formulates policies, standards, rules and regulations for the proper implementation of such programs;
b. Provides programs for Human Resource Development aimed at the development of qualified and efficient work force in the BJMP;
c. Maintains the Bureau‟s personnel strength and deployment in coordination with other Directorates and regional directors and allocates number of personnel to be recruited and appointed or promoted in the Regions and National Offices
d. Undertakes program and projects for the welfare , development and maintenance of morale, discipline and adherence to law and order by the personnel;
e. Provides plan/ programs for headquarters management, like quartering and housing, internal management, space allocation, and administrative support;
f. Formulates and evaluates personnel system and standards relative to performance appraisal, merit promotion, and employees‟ incentive benefits and awards;
g. Serves as message center of the BJMP;
h. Assumes responsibility for personal Records Management; and i. Performs such other functions as the Chief, BJMP may direct
6. Directorate for Operations
a. Advises and assists the Chief, BJMP on matters relating to the formulation and execution of correctional programs, particularly on the aspects of organization, training, operation, and planning; b. Formulates and Implements policies, guidelines and programs relating to security, custody, discipline and control of inmates;
c. Conducts periodic and supervision of jail facilities or such matters concerning penology as custody, security, discipline and control of inmates and ensure that regulations and programs pertaining to these concerns are properly maintained;
d. Formulates plans, programs, policies and guidelines for the effective implementation of inmates‟ welfare and development programs and services in all jails nationwide;
e. Coordinates with private and government agencies and solicits their assistance and support for inmates‟ welfare and development programs in all jails nationwide;
f. Perform such other functions as the Chief, BJMP may direct.
7. Directorate for Logistics
a. Advise the Chief, BJMP on general management of logistical resources;
b. Plans and formulates plans and guidelines on construction projects, procurement and distribution of supplies, materials and equipment of the BJMP;
c. Supervises the supply Accountable officer on matters pertaining to distribution of supplies, materials and equipment
d. Monitors equipment maintenance readiness status; and e. Perform such other functions as the Chief, BJMP may direct.
8. Directorate for Comptrollership
a. Advises the Chief, BJMP on matters relating to Budgeting, Accounting and financial management;
b. Monitors resource and fiscal management functions;
c. Supervises the development, evaluation, revision, and execution of the BJMP‟s operating program/budget and the program review and Analysis;
d. Provide assistance to the staff on budget methods and formats, techniques of preparation, presentation and analysis, and the development of workload information, expense factor, and statistics for programming and budgeting purposes;
e. Prepares and/or assists in the preparation of cost analysis and estimates for use in planning, programming, budgeting and decision-making process;
f. Monitors administrative control, accounting, and reports on fund receipts and disbursements; g. Develops and maintains effective financial and management control, procedure and
disbursements;
h. Conduct resource management analysis and review; i. Prepares annual financial work plan; and,
j. Perform such other functions as the Chief, BJMP may direct.
9. Directorate for Program Development
a. Assists the Chief, BJMP in the formulation and development of plans programs to achieve the BJMP‟s mission and objectives;
b. Conduct research and studies and gathers data for planning and programming purposes; c. Prepares position papers and recommends measures for the improvements of management processes in the BJMP;
d. Coordinates with other staff in the preparation of operation plan and budget (OPB); and, e. Perform such other functions as the Chief, BJMP may direct.
10. Directorate for Intelligence, Investigation and inspectorate
a. Formulates and develops policies, standards and guidelines on security and inspection activities covering areas of concern and interest for purposes of improving management of the BJMP and its units and officers down to the jail nationwide;
b. Conducts periodic inspection of jails and renders report thereon;
c. Conducts investigation and security audit and recommends measures to improve jail administration;
d. Conducts impartial investigation of cases occurring within the jurisdiction of the jail Bureau and recommends appropriate measures for corrective disciplinary actions depending on the nature of cases investigated; and,
e. Perform such other functions as the Chief, BJMP may direct.
11. Office of Legal service
a. Advise the Chief, BJMP on legal matters and renders legal opinion on matters related to the administration and operation of the BJMP;
b. Conducts hearings pursuant to BJMP Administrative Disciplinary Machinery;
c. Prepares decision/resolutions on administrative cases heard and replies in case of appeal; and d. Perform such other functions as the Chief, BJMP may direct.
12. Office of General Service
a. Exercise administrative and operational control over personnel assigned or attached with the National Headquarters;
b. Ensures the security of the National Headquarters;
c. Responsible for the quartering spaces for transient personnel;
d. Responsible for the Inspection and reception of visitors at the National Headquarters; e. Supervises parking of vehicles for organic or non-organic personnel;
f. Takes charges of the athletics, band and Combo, and other special service functions of the BJMP;
h. Perform such other functions as the Chief, BJMP may direct.
13. Office of Accounting Service
a. Supervises the recording of financial transactions of the agency;
b. Gives technical advice on financial and budgetary matters to the head of the agency; c. Supervises the preparation and submission of financial statements;
d. Assists in the preparation of budget estimates; e. Implements administrative and financial policies;
f. Supervises correctness of journal entry vouchers, journals, bills, statement of accounts, trial balances, budget estimates and other financial statements and records;
g. Certifies availability of funds on expense vouchers, treasury warrants and requisitions for supplies and materials and correspondence.
14. Office of Finance Service
a. Assists and advises the Director, Directorate for Comptrollership on financial matters and requirements of the BJMP;
b. Coordinates with other offices concerning the preparation and distribution of pay and allowances of uniformed and non-uniformed personnel of the BJMP;
c. Maintains records of pay and allowances of BJMP personnel; d. Prepare cash requirements for BJMP Disbursing Officers; and, e. Perform such other functions as the Chief, BJMP may direct.
15. Office of Supply Accountable Officer
a. Assists and advises the Director, Directorate for Logistics on supply and equipment requirements of the BJMP;
b. Plans the functions and operations pertaining to receiving, storekeeping, stock control and supply cataloguing of procured BJMP supplies, materials and equipment (SME);
