© A B B S w it z e rl a n d L td . -1 B F P _ b a s ic s / 2 0 0 3 -0 4 -0 1 / R WTechnology and Solutions
Protection and Substation Automation
Topic:
BREAKER
FAILURE
PROTECTION
APPLICATION
BASICS
BASICS
© A B B S w it z e rl a n d L td . -2 B F P _ b a s ic s / 2 0 0 3 -0 4 -0 1 / R WTopic Objectives
r
Fault condition in a power grid
r
Protection zones
r
System behavior in case of breaker failure situation
r
BFP solutions
r
BFP application
© A B B S w it z e rl a n d L td . -3 B F P _ b a s ic s / 2 0 0 3 -0 4 -0 1 / R W B u s b a r Busbar L in e T ra n s fo rm e r G e n e ra to r -T ra n s fo rm e r BBFault Condition in a Power Grid
Protection zones
© A B B S w it z e rl a n d L td . -4 B F P _ b a s ic s / 2 0 0 3 -0 4 -0 1 / R W B u s b a rFault Condition in a Power Grid
Busbar Fault
© A B B S w it z e rl a n d L td . -5 B F P _ b a s ic s / 2 0 0 3 -0 4 -0 1 / R WFault Condition in a Power Grid
Busbar Fault
G
© A B B S w it z e rl a n d L td . -6 B F P _ b a s ic s / 2 0 0 3 -0 4 -0 1 / R WFault Condition in a Power Grid
Busbar Fault
G
- Breaker Failure
- solution
⇒ trip command to all
surrounding CBs by
a remote tripping command
a tripping command via the intertripping system
© A B B S w it z e rl a n d L td . -7 B F P _ b a s ic s / 2 0 0 3 -0 4 -0 1 / R W L in eFault Condition in a Power Grid
Line Fault
© A B B S w it z e rl a n d L td . -8 B F P _ b a s ic s / 2 0 0 3 -0 4 -0 1 / R WFault Condition in a Power Grid
Line Fault
G
© A B B S w it z e rl a n d L td . -9 B F P _ b a s ic s / 2 0 0 3 -0 4 -0 1 / R WFault Condition in a Power Grid
Line Fault
G
- Breaker Failure
- solution
⇒ trip command to all
surrounding CBs by
a remote tripping command
a tripping command via the intertripping system
© A B B S w it z e rl a n d L td . -1 0 B F P _ b a s ic s / 2 0 0 3 -0 4 -0 1 / R W Tra n s fo rm e rFault Condition in a Power Grid
Transformer or Generator - Transformer Fault
© A B B S w it z e rl a n d L td . -1 1 B F P _ b a s ic s / 2 0 0 3 -0 4 -0 1 / R WFault Condition in a Power Grid
G
© A B B S w it z e rl a n d L td . -1 2 B F P _ b a s ic s / 2 0 0 3 -0 4 -0 1 / R WTransformer or Generator - Transformer Fault
Fault Condition in a Power Grid
G
- Breaker Failure
- solution
⇒ trip command to all
surrounding CBs by
a remote tripping command
a tripping command via the intertripping system
© A B B S w it z e rl a n d L td . -1 3 B F P _ b a s ic s / 2 0 0 3 -0 4 -0 1 / R WHow is it possible to
detect a non operating
circuit breaker (= Circuit
Breaker Failure)
???
© A B B S w it z e rl a n d L td . -1 4 B F P _ b a s ic s / 2 0 0 3 -0 4 -0 1 / R W1.
supervision of the
feeder current (with
an overcurrent criteria)
after a tripping
command
OR
2.
supervision of the
CB auxiliary contacts
after a tripping command
OR
3.
supervision of the
feeder current (with
the BBP measurement algorithm)
after a
tripping command (only applicable if
the BFP is installed in the BBP system)
- BBP unbalancing
© A B B S w it z e rl a n d L td . -1 5 B F P _ b a s ic s / 2 0 0 3 -0 4 -0 1 / R W feeder currentt ~ higher than the highest possible CB opening time + arc extinguish time
Breaker Failure Protection Solutions
solution 1:
t2 ~120 ms re-trip to faulty CB (coil 1 & 2) trip to the surrounding CBs by • intertripping & • remote tripping CB opening coil trip to CB from protection device BFP t1 ~120 ms&
I >
the trip from the protection device is called „Starting BFP“
© A B B S w it z e rl a n d L td . -1 6 B F P _ b a s ic s / 2 0 0 3 -0 4 -0 1 / R W CB closedt ~ higher than the highest possible CB opening time + arc extinguish time
Breaker Failure Protection Solutions
solution 2:
t2 ~120 ms re-trip to faulty CB (coil 1 & 2) trip to the surrounding CBs by • intertripping & • remote tripping CB opening coil trip to CB from protection device t1 ~120 ms&
BFPthe trip from the protection device is called „Starting BFP“
© A B B S w it z e rl a n d L td . -1 7 B F P _ b a s ic s / 2 0 0 3 -0 4 -0 1 / R WBreaker Failure Protection Solutions
solution 3:
re-trip to faulty CB (coil 1 & 2) &
remote trip inter-tripping CB opening coil trip to CB from protection device x BFP CB x t1 ~120 ms t2 ~120 ms BBP BFP CB y CB x CB y trip to CB from protection device y
&
B F P l o g ic feeder current BFP logic ∆I = 0 IF ∆ I = I F
© A B B S w it z e rl a n d L td . -1 8 B F P _ b a s ic s / 2 0 0 3 -0 4 -0 1 / R WAn advanced BFP (& BBP)
system offers all 3 solutions
!!!
Which solution must be used
for which application
???
© A B B S w it z e rl a n d L td . -1 9 B F P _ b a s ic s / 2 0 0 3 -0 4 -0 1 / R WBreaker Failure Protection Solutions
⇒ standard BFP application (most common used)
⇒ for line, transformer, generator, generator- transformer, reactors and coupler CBs
⇒ for all voltage levels and switchgear configurations
⇒ overcurrent settable independently for all feeders (depending on the minimum feeder short current)
⇒ operation independent on the CB auxiliary contacts (aux. contacts are a week part of the protection chain)
⇒ for single, double and three phase auto- reclosure (tripping), (phase segregated starting inputs)
⇒ for detection of evolving faults (phase segregated timers for t1)
⇒ remote tripping signal settable after timer 1 or timer 2
⇒ advanced trip- redirection functionality in case of CB SF6 underpressure condition
⇒ not applicable for very low fault currents (e.g. generator reverse power function) -> solution 2
© A B B S w it z e rl a n d L td . -2 0 B F P _ b a s ic s / 2 0 0 3 -0 4 -0 1 / R WBreaker Failure Protection Solutions
solution 1:
re-trip to faulty CB (coil 1 & 2) trip to the surrounding CBs by intertripping IR Start R & I > ≥ 1 t1 IS Start S & I > ≥ 1 t1 IT Start T & I > ≥ 1 t1 Start R S T ≥ 1 t2 remote tripping Trip Redirection set t1 & t2 to 10ms
© A B B S w it z e rl a n d L td . -2 1 B F P _ b a s ic s / 2 0 0 3 -0 4 -0 1 / R Wadvanced trip redirection functionality
remote tripping settable after t1
or t2
phase segregated timers for the detection of evolving faults
p h a s e s e g re g a te d s ta rt in g in p u ts f o r s in g le a n d d o u b le p o le a u to r e c lo s u re
Breaker Failure Protection Solutions
solution 1:
re-trip to faulty CB (coil 1 & 2) trip to the surrounding CBs by intertripping IR Start R & I > ≥ 1 t1 IS Start S & I > ≥ 1 t1 IT Start T & I > ≥ 1 t1 Start R S T ≥ 1 t2 remote tripping Trip Redirection set t1 & t2 to 10ms
© A B B S w it z e rl a n d L td . -2 2 B F P _ b a s ic s / 2 0 0 3 -0 4 -0 1 / R WBreaker Failure Protection Solutions
⇒ applicable for very low fault currents (e.g. generator reverse power function)
⇒ remote tripping signal settable after timer 1 or timer 2
⇒ advanced trip- redirection functionality in case of CB SF6 underpressure condition
⇒ very good addition to solution 1
⇒ no overcurrent (fault current) supervision
⇒ the starting signal must be switch off by the CB “OFF” aux. contact to prevent an unwanted trip
⇒ operation dependent on the CB auxiliary contacts (aux. contacts are a week part of the protection chain)
⇒ not applicable for single and double phase auto- reclosure (tripping)
⇒ not applicable for detection of evolving faults
© A B B S w it z e rl a n d L td . -2 3 B F P _ b a s ic s / 2 0 0 3 -0 4 -0 1 / R WBreaker Failure Protection Solutions
solution 2 in addition to solution 1:
re-trip to faulty CB (coil 1 & 2) trip to the surrounding CBs by intertripping IR Start R & I > ≥ 1 t1 IS Start S & I > ≥ 1 t1 IT Start T & I > ≥ 1 t1 External Start BFP t1 Start R S T ≥ 1 t2 remote tripping Trip Redirection set t1 & t2 to 10ms
© A B B S w it z e rl a n d L td . -2 4 B F P _ b a s ic s / 2 0 0 3 -0 4 -0 1 / R W cu rr e n t in d e p e n d e n t s ta rt in g i n p u tBreaker Failure Protection Solutions
solution 2 in addition to solution 1:
re-trip to faulty CB (coil 1 & 2) trip to the surrounding CBs by intertripping IR Start R & I > ≥ 1 t1 IS Start S & I > ≥ 1 t1 IT Start T & I > ≥ 1 t1 External Start BFP t1 Start R S T ≥ 1 t2 remote tripping Trip Redirection set t1 & t2 to 10ms
© A B B S w it z e rl a n d L td . -2 5 B F P _ b a s ic s / 2 0 0 3 -0 4 -0 1 / R WBreaker Failure Protection Solutions
⇒ applicable as basic BBP coupler functionality for the detection of faults between coupler CB and CT (coupler function - CB reclaim time)
⇒ not applicable for line, transformer, generator, generator- transformer, reactors feeders in HV systems
⇒ overcurrent (fault current) supervision depending on the BBP differential current setting (high short current required)
⇒ functionality depending on the BBP
⇒ not applicable for single and double phase auto- reclosure (tripping)
⇒ not applicable for detection of evolving faults
⇒ the starting signal must be switch off by the CB “OFF” aux. contact to prevent an unwanted trip to the CB after timer 1
⇒ operation dependent on the CB auxiliary contacts (aux. contacts are a week part of the protection chain)
⇒ no trip- redirection functionality in case of CB SF6 underpressure condition
⇒ remote tripping signal fixed to timer 1
© A B B S w it z e rl a n d L td . -2 6 B F P _ b a s ic s / 2 0 0 3 -0 4 -0 1 / R W c o u p le r fu n c ti o nBreaker Failure Protection Solutions
Coupler function:
CB opening coil Input Current signal CB open≥ 1
t
≥ 1
CT bypass C B r e c la im ti m e ~ 1 2 0 m s IF trip BBP Zone 1 inter-tripping Zone 2 B B P Z o n e 2 ∆I = 0 ∆ I = I F Zone 2 Zone 1&
© A B B S w it z e rl a n d L td . -2 7 B F P _ b a s ic s / 2 0 0 3 -0 4 -0 1 / R WBreaker Failure Protection Application
Transformer, Transformer- Generator, Reactor feeder and coupler:
G
IR Start R & I > ≥ 1 t1 IS Start S & I > ≥ 1 t1 IT Start T & I > ≥ 1 t1 External Start BFP t1 ≥ 1 Trip Redirection set t1 & t2 to 10ms BFP CBx CBx G/T Prot. ∆ I T & ∆ I G ( 8 7 T & 8 7 G ) R e v e rs e P o w e r (3 2 ) Start RST 3 Phase trip “CB closed” aux. contacts
© A B B S w it z e rl a n d L td . -2 8 B F P _ b a s ic s / 2 0 0 3 -0 4 -0 1 / R W Start RST 3 Phase trip Start R Start S Start T single Phase tripBreaker Failure Protection Application
Line feeder with single phase auto reclosure:
IR & I > ≥ 1 t1 IS & I > ≥ 1 t1 IT & I > ≥ 1 t1 External Start BFP t1 ≥ 1 Trip Redirection set t1 & t2 to 10ms BFP CBx CBx Line Prot. O C ( 5 1 ) Z < & D E F ( 2 1 & 6 7 N ) AR Syn
© A B B S w it z e rl a n d L td . -2 9 B F P _ b a s ic s / 2 0 0 3 -0 4 -0 1 / R W C B i s b lo c k e d s in c e S F 6 g a s p re s s u re t o e x ti n g u is h t h e a rc i s t o l o w Start RST 3 Phase trip Start R Start S Start T single Phase tripBreaker Failure Protection Application
Trip Redirection in case of CB SF6 Underpressure :
IR & I > ≥ 1 t1 IS & I > ≥ 1 t1 IT & I > ≥ 1 t1 External Start BFP t1 ≥ 1 Trip
Redirection set t1 & t2
to 10ms BFP CBx CBx Line Prot. O C ( 5 1 ) Z < & D E F ( 2 1 & 6 7 N ) AR Syn
