)*+,+- ./0 1 23'-+ 4-57689:
; 7+(<" =:)9>4 40@? A
B:CEDGF:HJIF:KMLON
PQHSRTF:UGVWCYX!Z\[]D^N]D_N`CEU_[ba@PQHMDGX_ZOX!cX!NEdfe[baMFFELgFERihjFEV-kMcX!Z\HSl
mHMZOnEN`U_DGZOXQopFqRsrgN`N]tMD`dfrgN`N]tMD)rueSvxw:BEy+dzm)HMZ{X!N`t@|+Z\HMlEtMF:V#}
~sQO ] >`qE{GOqS!0{EYb{GSxSE{
q!iSbq7{_j q¡_)_q7GO¢jS{_¢£E`_E
G¤bqS+G¤bGE{s{Ex]¥q¦M§7£9!SxO:G
S!q¦M{x©¨ª«_{:Gb_«_«E-_¬]bOYb«®b{¯
GOqS_{S]°²±ub]_³¢£>`EqO_{E.E`G0bES
GS{S«´x¢]{µ¦/³`¶/SO{¢]«G{µGb`G{S,f`b Y_¯
xS¢£³YqOG,¢!SO£E`'OA_·fYMS{¯
GOq'¸#S{7`S_{E¹ Yxº{G«¯»q¦:¼_¢½_«qWq¯
GOx{¾]GOq¬°¿±Àb`G.¢£>`EqO_{EÁ¨¡@b`>¯
E_«.M{OÃÅÄ`Æ)_³Ç¬`¶>(È+E{¬ÉÊˬYÌE]¥
³¢£EM{`¶Exqº{¬]b ¢½p{S YbxG{E¬°
ǧS·¢£!b`:®Mf`SG¢£!{¦f#¨Y!ÌAE{¯
S!>O8GS¬YÌE];G¤bGqb]SbG:GG{E
S(Ep{Sb>{S1_*±ub`Gx_{¢½_{EWY{E¯
b«_¦/¸O¢]Y!fqbGO1`G`bxOO¤_{¢¡¢£b¨Í¯
{S¥Yª{q`bG{<xY{:GSS¢£§_¢_SS{Î/Sq°Ðϯ
_qS¦M«-G¤bE¸¬YÌE]<¤GbGE{ªb1`qE«Ef¥
¦MES«W¨ÍS#`qE{GOq#¢£Exx¢]j\bEÑ
S¯»¢]>S`pGG__{S¸fE{:£°
ÒÍÓ¤ÔbÕfÖ ×bQرuYÌE``¥¢£>`qE{GOq¬¥:±Àb`G¥>]¯
G`bxOO¤_{¢¢£!¨ªS{S¥ÙE`GO¢)Y{EYb«_(°
Ú]Û©Ú¤ÜzÝMÞMßfà¬áfâSÝã ßfÜ
äjåÀæ.ç>èé«ê/ëì1íî¤ï>é«ê>ð¡ñÂð½íò¤ê>é{ê/ëÍóQð½î¤ï>ê>é{ôqç/ð½è
óQõpöê>÷Jí-ëõEõ:÷JèóQò¤íóQðbëøJé{êJíWëíì+ðùuúuð
ê/õò¤ì1íñ«ñÂø0ï/õûMð*óQõ-öê>÷põê/ðºóï>íóûMðbòü\õò¤ì*èúuð½ñ«ñ
íëíé«ê>èó1í(ú¡é{÷/ðý`íòGéÂðbóþø®õüªõû>ûMõê/ð½êqóèbÿsõqðbýõ
ñ«ç/óé«õê>íòø@íñ«ëõò¤éÂóï>ì*è é«ê,úï>é«î¤ï®ð½íîGïûñ«í½øðbò
î!õì+ûMðbóQð½èÍíëíé«ê>èQójõóï/ðbòÍûñ«í£øðbò¤èjüOò¤õìóï/ð©èíì+ð
õòí è¤é«èQóQðbò,ûMõûç>ñ«íóé«õê íòðíê=íû>ûMð½íñ«é{ê/ë
ì+ðbóï/õ:÷Ñõüíç/óQõì*íóé«îbíñ{ñÂø û>òõ]ýEé{÷>é«ê/ë=óï>ðAòð
ôEç>éÂòð½÷%ýíò¤éÂðbó ø%é{êØõû>ûMõèé«ê/ëèQóQòGíóQðbëéÂð½èbÿ »ê
÷/ðbð½÷Ùù-ú¡ï/ð½ê=î!õEðbýõñ«ç/óé«õê>íòøíñÂëõò¤éÂóïì*è,úÐõò
"!$#&%('"%('"%)*,+)%('-./*0123$45.
.%(3%(687 .-9'":"!6(;<%(3%=* > ?A@B./CEDF"*<6(6
45.G%(%(!%(/%(3H2;I<CJ%KL<NMMOP.>?<QN.3SRF>! %=* 23
45.L*<%(2'";22%(T3UWVW.X4<8QB6(IOP.2/).;MY?*X
úuð½ñ«ñTùÙóï/ðbø0û>òõ£ý:é«÷/ð+ê/õóõê>ñÂø7ýíò¤éÂð½÷(õû>ûMõèéÂóéÂõêÙù
a ç/ó íñ«èQõõû>ûMõèéÂóéÂõê©óï>íóué«ègëò¤í÷/ð½÷1óQõíê1íûû>òõ
û>ò¤é«íóQði÷>écb9îbç>ñÂóþø)ñÂðbýð½ñ)dKe<fggíègðbýõñ«ç/óé«õê+é«ì+û>òõ]ýð½è
õê/ð<èóQò¤íóQðbëøùféÂóÍíñ«èQõ¸é«ì+û>ò¤õ£ýð½èóï/ð+î!õì+ûMðbóéÂóéÂõê
h
óï/ð©ü\íì*é{ñ«é«íòjiQíòGì*èjò¤íî!ðkèî!ð½ê>íò¤é«õYlGÿä¡õ]úuðbýðbò£ù
î!õqðbýõñ«ç>óéÂõê>íòøíñÂëõò¤é«óï>ì*è§÷/õ9ê/õóíñÂúsí½ø:èúuõò
íè1é«êqóQð½ê>÷/ð½÷Ùùsíê>÷óï>íó1óï/ðbò¤ð-íòðWí#êEç>ì a ðbò*õü
ûéÂóQü íñ«ñ«èsé«ê¸óï/ð½éÂò§çèQð,dKe<fTÿ
m ê/ð7èçî¤ï¹ûéÂóQü\íñ{ñié«êYýõñ«ýð½è9é«êqóQò¤íê>è¤éÂóéÂýðxèç/ûMð
ò¤éÂõò¤éÂó ø#òð½ñ{íóéÂõê>èï>é«ûèbÿon¡ï>íó1é«èbùÐíñÂóï/õç/ëïèQõì+ð
ûñ«í½øðbò_pµì*é«ëïYó a ð a ð½íóQð½ê a ø©èQõì+ð¡õóï/ðbò ûñ«í£øðbò
qù<íê>÷rq ì*í½ø é«ê8óç/ò¤ê
a
ð
a
ð½íóQð½ê
a
øsÍùéÂó
ì*í½ø ê/õó a ð¹óï/ðµîbíèðµóï>íót a ð½íóèupÿn§ï/ð
ðv:é«èóQð½ê>î!ð,õüºé{êYóQò¤íêèéÂóéÂýð®èç/ûMðbò¤éÂõòGéÂóþø³òð½ñ{íóéÂõê&
èï>éÂûè îbíê1ì*ð½íê+óï>íó íñÂóï/õç>ëï*íªî!õqðbýõñ{ç/óéÂõê>íòø
èQð½íò¤î¤ï)ì+ðbóï/õ:÷ªûMðbò¤èé«èóQð½êYóñÂøöê>÷>èfèQóQò¤íóQðbëéÂð½èfóï>íó
íòð a ðbóQóQðbòÀóï>íê1óï/ð¡ñ«íèóÀèQóQò¤íóQðbëøù/éÂógü íé«ñ«ègóQõöê>÷
í<èóQò¤íóQðbëø9óïíósé{èuëõEõ:÷ºé{ê9ëð½ê>ðbò¤íñÿFêYóQò¤íêèéÂóéÂýð
èç/ûMðbò¤éÂõò¤é«óþø0òð½ñ«íóéÂõêèï>éÂûè<èç/ëëð½èó<óïíó*í0û>òõ a
ñÂð½ì²÷>õì*íé«ê0é«èjì)ç>ñ«óé5þ÷>é«ì+ð½êèéÂõê>íñùé«ê7óï>ð©èð½ê>èQð
óï>íó a ð½é«ê/ë+ëõEõE÷-íëíé«ê>èQó¡õê/ðèQóQò¤íóQðbëø-÷/õqð½èê/õó
ê/ð½î!ð½èèíò¤é{ñÂøì+ð½íê+óïíógøõç*íòðiëõEõE÷+íëíé«êèQó íê&
õóï/ðbò½ÿ
pAûMõóQð½êqóé«íñgúsí½ø0õç/óõüsóï>é{èÍóQò¤íû#é«èªóQõ7óQòð½íó
ûSðbò¤üOõò¤ì1íê>î!ðpíëíé«ê>èQóxð½íîGïî!õEðbýõñ«ç/óé«õê>íòø;õû
ûSõê>ð½êYó<íè<íWèQðbûíòGíóQð¸÷é«ì+ð½ê>èé«õê(ü\õò)õû>óé{ì*écw½í
óéÂõêÙù(íê>÷²óï/ð½ê óQõíû>ûñÂøð½èQóí a ñ«é«èï/ð½÷ ì<ç>ñÂóé5
÷>é«ì+ð½ê>è¤éÂõê>íñ õû>óé«ì1écw½íóéÂõêpóQð½îGï>ê>é«ôEç/ð½è
h
ðÿë/ÿÂù èQð
ñÂð½î!óéÂõê a íèQð½÷Jõêyx íò¤ðbóQõ(÷/õì*é«ê>íêî!ð1 èQðbðzdK{<f
íê>÷|d}f§ü\õò©òðbý:éÂðbú¡èlé«ê@õò¤÷/ðbò©óQõ0öê>÷Jí-ò¤õ a ç>èQó
èQóQò¤íóQðbëø³õò7èQðbó-õü+èQóQò¤íóQðbëéÂð½èbÿ~n§ï>é{èî!õêYóQò¤íèóè
ú¡éÂóïí®èQóíê÷>íò¤÷'î!õqðbýõñ«ç>óéÂõê>íòø¹ëð½ê>ðbóé«î0íñÂëõ
ò¤éÂóï>ì h
plGùYé«ê©ú¡ïé«î¤ï©íªèQóQò¤íóQðbëøWèuõ£ýðbò¤íñ«ñì+ð½íê
ûSðbò¤üOõò¤ì1íê>î!ðªíëíé«ê>èQó¡é«óèiõû>ûMõê/ð½êqóè§é«èsóï/ð a íèé«è
ê9í)û>òðbý:éÂõç>èÀûíûMðbòd53fMóï/ðÍé«÷/ð½íõüfûñ«í½øðbòGèuíè
÷>é«ì*ð½ê>èéÂõê>è½ù½õòi>x íòðbóQõÍî!õqðbýõñ{ç/óéÂõêÙù(kjúsíèfì*í÷/ð
ðv:ûñ«é«îbéÂó¸íê>÷³íû>ûñ«éÂð½÷µóQõ¹óï/ðp÷/õì*íé«ê;õün¬ðv:íè
äõñ«÷8ð½ì5ûMõOðbò½ÿ»ógúÐíèuèï/õ£úê©óï>íó óï>é«ègì*ðbóï/õE÷
ñÂð½÷9óQõ©óï/ðj÷é«èî!õ£ýðbò¤ø*õü¬èQóQò¤õê/ëðbòièQóQò¤íóQðbëéÂð½èsóï>íê
÷>é«÷'í®èQóíê>÷>íòG÷'î!õEðbýõñ«ç/óé«õê>íòø
p ëéÂýð½ê;óï/ð
èíì+ð-êqç>ì a ðbò+õüÍðbý`íñ«çíóéÂõê>èbÿ¹äõ£úÐðbýðbò½ùióï/ðbòð
úÐðbòð)í9êqç>ì a ðbò§õü û>òõ a ñ«ð½ì*èiú¡éÂóïod53f¬ú¡ï>é{î¤ïóï/ð
îbç/òò¤ð½êYóiúÐõòíé«ì*èsóQõ1í÷÷/òð½èèbÿ
n§ï>ðpû>òðbý:éÂõç>è¸ûíûMðbòúsíè7é«êqóQð½ê>÷/ð½÷;óQõ'èï/õ£ú
óï>íóx íò¤ðbóQõ0î!õEðbýõñ«ç/óé«õê
h
xSlÍúsíè<í7úuõò`í a ñ«ð
é«÷/ð½í:ù+íê>÷5é«ó0÷é«÷ÁèQõ·ç>èé«ê>ë'í;ü íéÂò¤ñÂøèé«ì+ûñ{é«èQóé«î
ûMõOðbògèQóQò¤íóQðbëø<òðbû>òð½èQð½êqóíóéÂõêÙÿFxuñ«í½øðbò¤è a ðbóQóé«ê>ë
÷/ð½îbé«è¤éÂõê>è úÐðbòðÍèQûMð½îbéÂö>ð½÷9ç>èé«ê/ëí)ò¤ç>ñ«ða íèQð½÷1èøEè"
óQð½ìõü<óï/òð½è¤ï/õñ«÷³ï>íê>÷ þèQóQòð½ê/ëóï>èíê÷·÷/ð½èéÂò¤ð½÷
a ðbóQóé«ê/ëWñÂðbýð½ñ«èbùgðÿë/ÿÂùiQé«üiøõç/ò+ï>íê>÷Jé«èíWûíéÂò)õü
íî!ð½è õò a ðbóQóQðbò óï>ð½ê©ò¤íé«èQð§ç>êqóé«ñqóï/ð a ðbó èQóíê>÷>ègíó
:Wî¤ï>éÂûèbÿ(kn§ï>ð1òðbû>ò¤ð½èQð½êYóíóé«õê>íñuè¤î¤ï/ð½ì+ðî!õì
ûñÂðbóQð½ñ«øéÂëê/õòð½÷³í,êEç>ì a ðbòºõü<î!õê>î!ðbû>óèúé«÷/ð½ñÂø
:ê/õ£ú¡êóQõ a ð7é«ì*ûSõò¤óíêYó1é{ê¹ä¡õñ{÷8ð½ìù§èç>îGïíè:g
ûMõèéÂóéÂõêzù7ú¡ï/ðbóï>ðbòõê/ðOè'óþúÐõï/õñÂðîbíò¤÷èµíòð
èç>é«óQð½÷'íê÷L]õòxî!õê>ê/ð½î!óQð½÷ÙùÍú¡ï>ðbóï/ðbò¸óï/ð0ûSõóé«è
ëéÂý:é«ê/ëpøõçµèç b1îbéÂð½êqó*õ:÷>÷>è+óQõJîbíñ«ñùsï/õ£ú²óQõ#òð
èQûMõê>÷+óQõ<èîbíòðjîbíò¤÷>è õê9óï/ð a õíò¤÷zùYðbóîÿ5
éÂýð½ê
óï/ð½èQð(ñ{é«ì*éÂóíóéÂõêèbù§óï/ð
a
ð½èQó¸ðbýõñÂýð½÷·èóQò¤íóQðbëéÂð½è
úÐðbòð-èç>òû>ò¤é«è¤é«ê/ëñÂø#èóQòõê/ë#óQõ@ûñ«í£ø¹íëíé«ê>èQóbù a ç>ó
éÂóÀèðbð½ì*èÀç>êñ«écð½ñÂø)óï>íó óQò¤ç>ñ«ø<î!õì+ûMðbóéÂóé«ýð¡èQóQò¤íóQð
ëéÂð½èºú¡é«ñ{ñ a ð-ü\õç>ê>÷µú¡éÂóï/õç>ó9í@ò¤é«î¤ï>ðbò9ð½ê>î!õ:÷>é«ê>ë
èîGï/ð½ì+ðÿ~n§ï/ðpû>òõëòGíì3÷/ð½èî!òGéa ð½÷'ï>ðbòð(óï/ðbòð
ü\õòð¹ð½ì+ûñ«õ£ø:è(í·èQûíòGèQð½ñÂøYTð½ê>î!õE÷>ð½÷5ê/ð½ç/ò¤íñ+ê/ðbó"
úÐõòªú¡éÂóï)íñ«í£øðbò õü>ï>é«÷>÷/ð½êê/ð½ç/òõê>è¬íê>÷<í¡ñ«íòëð
êEç>ì a ðbòiõü ûMõóQð½êYóé{íñ«ñÂø1ò¤ð½ñÂðbý`íêqó§é«ê/ûç/óèbÿ
pèQð½î!õê>÷û>ò¤õ a ñÂð½ìAú¡éÂóïºóï/ðªð½íò¤ñ«é«ðbòÐúÐõò9úÐíè
í¡ñ«õèèzõü/÷>éÂýðbòGèéÂóþøªé«êóï/ð_x íòðbóQõTðbýõñÂýð½÷©ûMõûçñ«í
óéÂõê>è½ÿF»÷/ð½íñ{ñÂøù/í*ì+ðbóï/õ:÷ a íèQð½÷õêxöê>÷>é«ê>ë<ê/õê
x íòðbóQõþ÷/õì*é{ê>íóQð½÷0é«ê>÷>éÂý:é«÷>çíñ«èuè¤ï/õç>ñ«÷x÷>ð½ñ«éÂýðbòí
÷>éÂýðbòGèQð+èQðbóÍóï>íóíû>û>òõ v:é{ì*íóQð½èÍóï/ð+óQò¤ç/ð1x íòðbóQõ
ü\òõêYógõü a ð½èQógûMõèèéa ñÂðuî!õì*û>òõì*é«èð§èQóQò¤íóQðbëéÂð½èbÿF»ü
÷>éÂýðbòGèéÂóþø<ï>íègíñ«ñ a ç/óg÷>é{èíû>ûMð½íòð½÷)üOòõì óï/ðsûSõûT
ç>ñ«íóé«õê
h
íèóQð½ê>÷>èÍóQõxï>íûûSð½ê0é«ê0ì+õèóèQóíê>÷>íò¤÷
pjèlÐóï/ð½ê-èQõì+ðbóï>é{ê/ë*ï>íèiëõê/ðú§òõê/ë/ùíê÷úuð
îbíê>ê/õó a ðpî!õ£ýðbòGé«ê/ë¹óï/ðzx íòðbóQõüOòõêqóbÿ»ê;õò>
DF>VG6(>*<4Y)CJN\2.;'-;<.*JI2%('\2./"]
45.F-¡B¢B36=*¤£"C¥MOP.)%(22;<CJ>*<P.3`8Q¦2;<CJCH.2]
4O<8.;6("A4O83CJG%(L%(<'"6(;*<"*%(§(¨-©ª:45.W; .%(/«
%(!G*<%(2'";<22%(3L3¬\2./"]:?32"X§©?®§¯©O*§°>©±`A<P.G%(
í÷>÷>èpí³èQóíê>÷íò¤÷5÷>éÂýðbò¤è¤éÂóþøYþì*íé«êqóQð½ê>íê>î!ð,óQð½îGï&
ê>é«ôEç/ð,:ê/õ£úêJíè³²
:/ 3µ´A±\\¶·¶: >
²
^´Y¸
dK¹<fióQõ
óï/ðºx;íñ«ëõò¤éÂóï>ìÿ
pê/õóï>ðbòxî!õê>î!ðbò¤ê'ú¡éÂóïµð½íò¤ñ«éÂðbò¸úÐõò»d53fúsíè
óï>íóªóï/ð*íëð1õüsèQóQò¤íóQðbëé«ð½èõêpóï/ð*îbç>òòð½êqóê/õê&
÷/õì*é«ê>íóQð½÷1üOò¤õêYóÐíóÐíêqø*õê/ðjóé«ì+ðúÐíèuýðbòø1ñÂõ]úº¼
óï/ð7ì+ð½÷>é{íêíëð7úsí躽Qç>èó1í#èé{ê/ëñÂðëð½ê/ðbò¤íóé«õêÙÿ
n§ï>é«è®é«ê>÷é«îbíóQð½èJð½éÂóï/ðbò¹óï>íó,ûòõëòð½èè,úsíè,ðv
óQòð½ì+ð½ñÂø)ò¤íûé«÷)õò óï>íógóï/ðsü\òõêqógúÐíègê/õó ï>õñ«÷>é«ê/ë
õê-óQõ¥iQíîbîbçì)ç>ñ{íóQð½÷pú¡é«è÷>õì$k1ýðbò¤ø-úÐð½ñ«ñ2gõóï/ðbò
÷>íóí:ùèç>îGïxíèiûMðbòü\õò¤ì*íê>î!ðíëíé{ê>èQó§í*èQðbó¡õü¬òðbüµ
ðbòð½ê>î!ð©ûñ«í£øðbò¤èbùÙèç/ëëð½èQóªóï>ð©ñ{íóQóQðbòªðvEûñ{íê>íóéÂõêÙÿ
»ê1óï/ðîbç/ò¤òð½êYóuúuõòù:éÂóÀé«èuï/õûMð½÷*óï>íóÐóï/ðjç>èQð¡õü
÷/ðbóQðbò¤ì*é«êé«èQóé«î*î!ò¤õ£ú¡÷>é{ê/ë-úé«ñ«ñÐíñ«èQõ0íñ«ñÂðbý:é«íóQð¸óï>é«è
û>òõ a ñÂð½ìxù a ø9ì*í:é«ê/ë©éÂóiì+õòðª÷>écb9îbç>ñÂóÀü\õòiíêé«ê&
÷>éÂý:é«÷>ç>íñÐóQõ a ð7ðP½ð½î!óQð½÷;ü\òõì óï>ð-îbç/òò¤ð½êYóºê/õê&
÷/õì*é«ê>íóQð½÷èðbóbÿ
¾
SO: ¿´
²
$¿®¶Yµ´W¿O ´T^´Y¸
À'ïqø³ûMõOðbò3Á m ò¤é«ëé«ê>íñ«ñÂøûSõOðbò-úÐíè-î¤ï/õèð½ê
a ð½îbíçèQðxõüí#÷>ð½èéÂòðxóQõJí½ýõé«÷µóQõ£øû>òõ a ñÂð½ì1è*é«ê
ü\í£ýõç/ò¸õüíJòð½íñ¡ëíì*ðùjé«êõò¤÷/ðbò¸óQõJû>òõ£ý:é«÷/ð0í
î!õêYý:é«ê>îbé«ê>ë*óQð½èQójõügóï/ð)ïqøqûMõóï/ð½è¤é«è§óï>íóxîbíê
a ðJç>èQð½÷.óQõ;öê>÷òõ a ç>èóWèQóQòGíóQðbëéÂð½è¥d53fTÿÂpjñ«èQõ/ù
íè©õóï/ðbò¤è*ï>í£ýðxûMõé«êqóQð½÷@õç>óbùÀûMõOðbòè*èQóíóçè*íè
óï/ð1ôEç>é«êqóQð½èèQð½êqóé«íñgëíì+ðºõü§é«ì+ûMðbòü\ð½î!óé«ê/ü\õò¤ì*í
óéÂõêÙùú¡é«óï*éÂóèÀèóQò¤íóQðbëé«î§ð½ñ«ð½ì+ð½êYóèuõü
a
ñ«ç b9ê/ëíê>÷
÷/õç
a
ñÂð
a
ñ«ç b1ê/ë/ùEì*íð)é«ó§í*î¤ï>íñ{ñÂð½ê/ëé«ê/ë*íûûñ«é«îbí
óéÂõêü\õò¬ì*íîGï>é«ê/ðuñÂð½íò¤ê>é«ê>ëióQð½î¤ï>ê>é{ôqç/ð½è¬é«êëð½ê>ðbò¤íñÿ
n§ï/ðbòðïí½ýðõü î!õç/ò¤èð
a
ðbð½êõóï/ðbòíûû>òõíî¤ï>ð½è
óQõî!õì*ûç/óQðbò³ûMõOðbò½ÿ m ê>ðÁê>õóí a ñÂð.òð½èQð½íò¤îGï
ëòõç/û,é«è©ñÂõ:îbíóQð½÷,íó+óï/ðÄÃê>é«ýðbò¤èéÂó ø#õüpjña ðbòóí
h
üOõòªíê0õ£ýðbò¤ýEéÂðbú5õüuóï/ð½éÂòjúuõò-èQðbð³dKÅ<f^lGÿêWóï/ð
èQóQò¤íóQðbëø*èQûMð½îbéÂöîbíóé«õê+ð½ì+ûñÂõ]øð½÷ a ø©óï/ðpjña ðbòóí
ëòõç/ûzùuûñ«í½øðbòGè*ï>í½ýð7ý`íò¤é«õç>è*ï/ð½ç/òGé«èQóé«îbè<ü\õò1÷/ð
îbé«÷>é«ê/ë7õê@óï>ð½éÂò<ê>ðvEó a ðbóQóé«ê/ëWíî!óéÂõêÙùÀíê>÷Jóï/ðbø
íñ«èQõ®ì+õE÷>ð½ñóï>ð a ð½ï>í£ýEé«õç/ò¸õüóï/ð½éÂòºõû>ûMõê/ð½êqóè
íê>÷ò¤ð½èQûMõê>÷µíîbî!õòG÷>é«ê/ëñÂø
h
ðÿë/ÿÂùóï/ðbø'ì*í½ø'ê/õ
óé«î!ðsóï>íógõê/ðsõû>ûMõê/ð½êqó òGíé«èQð½è î!õê>èQóíêqóñÂø©íê>÷+èQõ
ëéÂýðªï>é«èuò¤íé«èQð½èsñÂð½èèÐòð½èûSð½î!ólGÿXn¡ï/ð½èQðÍóþúÐõ*íèQûMð½î!óè
ï>í½ýð a ðbð½ê*òðbû>òõ:÷>ç>î!ð½÷*é{ê+óï/ð¡îbç/ò¤òð½êYóuíû>û>òõíîGïÙù
íñÂóï/õç/ëïpóï>ð*õû>ûMõê/ð½êqóì+õ:÷/ð½ñ«ñ«é«ê>ëºé«è)ì*íòð½÷>ñ«ø
ñÂð½èèjèQõûï>é«èóé«îbíóQð½÷Ùÿºn§ï/ðpjña ðbòóí1ëò¤õç/ûpíñ«èQõíñ5
ñÂõ£ú ûñ«í½øðbò¤è(óQõç>èQð a ò¤ç/óQðTü\õò¤î!ð¹èé«ì<ç>ñ«íóéÂõêÁõü
óï/ð7ûMõèèéa ñÂðúsí½ø:èºé{ê¹ú¡ï>é{î¤ï¹óï>ð-îbç/òò¤ð½êYóºï>íê>÷
ì*éÂëïqófûñ«í£øõç/ó óQõªì*íðsóï/ð½éÂòg÷/ð½îbé«èé«õêÙù`éTÿðÿÂùèé«ì
ê/ðv:ó a ðbóQóé«ê>ëj÷/ð½îbé{èéÂõê a íèQð½÷<õê<óï/ðÐí£ýðbò¤íëð§õç/ó"
î!õì+ðÿÆn§ï>íóèQõò¤óõüiíû>û>òõíîGï#é«èî!õì*ûç/óíóéÂõê&
íñ«ñÂøé{êYóQò¤íî!óí a ñÂðÐé«üEõê>ðuúsíêYóè óQõªç>èðuî!õEðbýõñ«ç/óéÂõê&
íòø7ì*ðbóï/õE÷è:g¡ì*é«ñ{ñ«éÂõê>èsõüÀïíê>÷>èõüÀûMõOðbòªì)ç>èó
a
ð0ûñ«í½øð½÷·óQõ¹ðbýõñÂýð#èQóQò¤õê/ë¹èQóQò¤íóQðbëéÂð½è½ùíê>÷³éÂü
ð½íî¤ïW÷/ð½îbé«è¤éÂõê a ø¸ð½íîGï7ûñ{í½øðbò¡úéÂóï>é«êºð½íî¤ï0ï>íê÷
é«êqýõñÂýð½è<ðvEóQð½êèéÂýðèé«ì<ç>ñ«íóéÂõê@óï/ð½êJóï>é«ê>ëèú¡é{ñ«ñ
ôEç>é«î:ñÂø9ëò¤é«ê>÷¸óQõ1í1ï>íñÂóbÿ
m óï>ðbò+òð½èQð½íò¤îGï/ðbò¤è
h
ðÿë/ÿÂùºd5:fíê>÷Çd5O3f^l+ï>í½ýð
ü\õEîbç>èð½÷Áõê5í³èé«ê/ëñÂðJûñ«í£øðbò(óï>íó(í÷>íûóè0õ£ýðbò
óé«ì+ð¸íê>÷®ñÂð½íò¤êèóQõ a ð½íó+í7óí a ñ«ð9õüõû>ûMõê/ð½êYóè
ú¡éÂóï.ö v:ð½÷5èQóQò¤íóQðbëé«ð½èbÿÈn§ï/ðtx é{÷/ð½í;îbíê a ð
î!õêqóQò¤íèQóQð½÷ú¡é«óï1óï/ð½èðÍíûû>òõíî¤ï>ð½èié«ê1óïíósé«óÐé«ê
ýõñÂýð½èªíºûMõûç>ñ«íóé«õêxõüÀé«ê÷>éÂý:é«÷>ç>íñ«èsúï/õºíò¤ð<é«ê
óQð½ê>÷/ð½÷óQõûòõ£ý:é«÷/ðÀí¡ú¡é«÷/ðÀý`íò¤é«ðbóþøªõü>î!õì+ûMðbóéÂóéÂõê
ü\õòªð½íî¤ïpõóï/ðbò£ùzíê>÷0óïqçèªñÂð½í÷WóQõóï/ð+÷>é«èî!õ]ýðbòø
õü ëð½êqçé«ê/ð½ñÂø9òõ a ç>èQóièQóQòGíóQðbëéÂð½èbÿ
É é«ê>íñ{ñÂøù/éÂó§èï/õç>ñ{÷ a ðê>õóQð½÷xóï>íó¡çê>ñ«écðªèQõì+ð
û>òðbý:éÂõç>è9úÐõòõê³î!õì+ûç/óQðbò¸ûSõOðbò£ùóï/ðWëíì+ð
÷/ð½èî!òGéa ð½÷pï/ðbòð9ïíèê/õó a ðbð½ê#èé«ì+ûñ{éÂö>ð½÷0é«ê(íêqø
úsí½øWg'í,ûMðbò¤èõê·î!õç>ñ«÷³úsíñc³é«êqóQõ¹íËʬíè³Ìgðbëíè
îbíèé«ê>õJíê>÷µûñ«í£ø¹ðv/íî!óñÂøóï/ð0èíì+ð0ëíì+ð0óï>íó
óï/ðî!õEðbýõñÂý:é«ê/ë9ûñ«í½øðbòGè¡íòð)ûñ«í½ø:é«ê/ë/ÿnfõ a ð)èQûMð
îbéÂöîùMóï/ð<ëíì+ð+é«èÍeÄÎÍ<}Än¬ðv:íèªäõñ«÷8ð½ì
h
éÿðÿÂù
a ðbóè1íê>÷ò¤íé«èQð½è1õüÍe#é{ê,óï/ð7öò¤èQó*ó úuõJòõç>ê>÷è
íê>÷yÍ<}-é«êpóï>ð1óï>éÂòG÷(íê>÷(ü\õç/òóï(òõç>ê>÷Ùù¬ú¡éÂóï(í
óï/òðbðTòGíé«èQð1ì*ív/é«ì<ç>ì é«ê#íêYø0õê/ð9òõç>ê>÷LlGÿºæ¡õ
ñ«é«ì1éÂó íê÷+ûMõó"þñ«é«ì*éÂó ûMõOðbòuíòð§î!ðbò¤óíé«ê>ñÂø<õüÙé«êYóQðbò
ð½èQóÐíñ«èQõ/ù a ç/ó óï/ð½éÂòuï>éÂëï&Týíò¤é«íê>î!ðî¤ï>íò¤íî!óQðbòGé«èQóé«îbè
ì+ð½íêóï>ðbøºúé«ñ«ñMï>í½ýðóQõ*úÐíé«ó§üOõò¡ü\ç/óç>òðÍúuõòSÿ
ÚbÚ£ÛÏyÐ>ÝÑf߬à
ÒL\ "¿O//¸OÓÎ >PL 3::´A¿O\2´
p³ûñ«í½øðbòè a ðbóQóé«ê/ë©÷/ð½îbé«è¤éÂõê>èÀíò¤ðÍèûSð½îbé«ö>ð½÷1ç>è>
é«ê/ëó úuõW÷>é«èQóé{ê>î!óªê/ð½ç/ò¤íñgê/ðbó úuõòEèbù õê/ð+ü\õòû>ò¤ð
Ô
õûµûñ«í½ø,íê>÷µóï/ðxõóï>ðbò9ü\õò9ûñ«í½ø®õêµóï/ð
Ô
õûfù
óç/ò¤ê9íê>÷*òGéÂýðbò
h
éÿðÿÂù:óï/ðjèQð½î!õê>÷ºíê>÷1è¤ç a èQð½ôEç/ð½êqó
a ðbóQóé«ê/ë¸òõç>ê÷>èlGÿn§ï>ð<ûòðÔ õû(ê/ðbó úuõò0ï>íèÕOÅ
é«ê/ûç/óèbùíê>÷Áóï>ð@ûMõèQó"
Ô
õû5ê/ðbó úuõò.ï>íèy:®ÅEÿ(Ö
n§ï/ð*é{ê/ûç/óèÍîbíê a ð+ñÂõEõèQð½ñÂøWëòõç/ûMð½÷pé«êqóQõxé«ê/ü\õò>
ì*íóéÂõêµí a õç/ó+óï/ðxûñ{í½øðbòèºîbíò¤÷>èbùsé«ê/ü\õò¤ì*íóé«õê
í
a
õç/óóï>ð1û>òõëò¤ð½èèõü§óï>ð9ï>íê>÷@íê>÷(óï>ð9èQóíóQð
õü óï/ðªóí a ñÂðù>íê>÷¸õûûSõê>ð½êYóiì+õ:÷/ð½ñ«ñ«é{ê/ë)é«ê>üOõò¤ì1í
×
#.»r'"3CJM<6(Ps6(%(\Ø4|%(M<;<"?Ç*Ù%(* ">*
45.E6=6·23;<.'P»'"* 3?oM6(>2Ú"CH%=6ÛÇ; .
`
õç>èbÿ_ë:íì+ûñÂðªé«ê/ûç/óèsé«êîbñ«ç>÷/ðOg
ì
xÀñ«í£øðbòï/õñ{÷>é«ê/ë©íê7íî!ð<Á
h
x ò¤ð
Ô
õûzùAqÐõEõñÂð½íêLlGÿ
ì
ä¡õ]ú·ì*íêqø a ðbóèu÷/õEð½èuóï/ðûñ«í½øðbòiï>í£ýðjóQõ+îbíñ«ñ^Á
h
x òðÔ õû·íÁûMõèQó" Ô õûzù>î!õêqóé«êEç/õç>èlGÿ
ì
ä¡õ]úAõü\óQð½êJ÷/õqð½èóï>é«èªõûûSõê>ð½êYóòGíé«èQð+ý:èbÿ ½ç>èQó
îbíñ«ñ«é«ê/ëYÁ
h
x òðÔ õû¦íÁûMõèQó"Ô õûzù>î!õêqóé«êEç/õç>èlGÿ
ì
xÀñ«í£øðbòï>é«óióQõûxûíéÂò3Á
h
x õèQó"Ô õûzùWquõEõñÂð½íêLlGÿ
ì
ä¡õ]úÑì*íêqø a ðbóQóQðbò-èQóQò¤íéÂëïqóè¸óï>íê³øõç/òGèxíòð
ûSõè¤èéa ñÂð<Á
h
x õèQó" Ô õûzùî!õêqóé«êEç/õç>èlGÿ
n§ï/ð#é«ê>ûç/óè¸íòð(ûMõóQð½êqóé«íñ«ñÂø;î!õê>ê/ð½î!óQð½÷óQõ|î
ï>é«÷>÷/ð½êJê/ð½ç/ò¤õê>èbùÀúï>é«î¤ï,íò¤ðxé«ê®óç/ò¤ê,î!õê>ê>ð½î!óQð½÷
óQõï{-õç/óQûç/ó+ê/ð½ç/òõê>è½ù ñ«í a ð½ñ«ñÂð½÷Úi>É>õñ«÷Tk:ùiiíñ«ñk:ù
íê>÷ti>ð¡íé«èðk:ÿUê/ûç/óèiîbíê-íñ«èQõ
a
ðî!õê>ê/ð½î!óQð½÷-÷>é5
òð½î!óñÂøóQõÍõç/óQûç>óèbÿBê/ûç>ófýíñ«ç/ð½è íòðiíñ«ñ:èôEç/ðbð:wbð½÷
óQõ¹ú¡éÂóï>é{êµóï>ðñ:ÿ(<òLÿ('ò¤íê/ëðùç>èé{ê/ë®óï/ð#ü ç>ê>î3
óéÂõêyótô õ
-ö÷
õ
÷
éÂü¡ê/ð½î!ð½èè¤íòøÿt»ê>ûç/ó<ý`íñ«ç>ð½è*íòð
ì)ç>ñ«óéÂûñ«éÂð½÷ a ø©óï/ð§íûû>òõû>ò¤é{íóQðiúuð½éÂëïqóèÀíê÷+ñÂð½í÷
óQõ¹íî!óéÂý`íóé«õê³é«ê'óï/ð(ï>é«÷>÷>ð½êµíê>÷'õç/óQûç/óê/ð½ç&
òõê>èbÿn¡ï/ð+ï>é«÷>÷/ð½ê-ê/ð½ç/òõê0íî!óéÂýíóéÂõê(ñ«ðbýð½ñ«èªíòð
óï/òð½èï/õñ{÷/ð½÷©íó_:ÿ(:ùqíê÷+ûMõèéÂóéÂýð§íî!óéÂýíóéÂõê>èuíòð
èôqç>ðbð:wbð½÷ú¡éÂóïºóï/ðí a õ£ýðü\ç>êî!óéÂõê a ðbü\õòð a ð½é«ê/ë
û>òõûíëíóQð½÷,óQõ#óï/ðõç/óQûç/óè½ÿ¥É é{ê>íñ«ñÂøù óï>ðõç/ó"
ûç/ó¸ê/ð½ç/òõê>è¸íòð0ðv/íì*é«ê/ð½÷³íê÷µóï>ðpõê/ð0ú¡éÂóï
óï/ð1ï>éÂëï>ð½èQóíî!óéÂý:éÂóþø@ñÂðbýð½ñÀ÷/ðbóQðbòGì*é«ê/ð½èóï/ð9ê/ðv:ó
íî!óéÂõêÙÿ
ü>óï>ðsê>ð½ç/ò¤íñEê/ðbóþúÐõò:è¬úÐðbòðiî!õì+ûñ«ðbóQð½ñÂøé«êqóQðbò>
î!õê>ê/ð½î!óQð½÷Ùù óï/ðbòð1úuõç>ñ{÷ a ðjîOÕ®øúÐð½éÂëïqóè)é{êpóï/ð
û>òð
Ô
õû0ê/ðbóþúÐõòWíê>÷·¹O¹®ø9é«ê-óï/ð<ûMõèQó"
Ô
õû0ê/ðbó"
úuõòSÿ$n§ï>é{èÍúÐíèªü\ð½ñÂóªóQõ a ð*íêpðv/î!ð½èèé«ýð1èQð½íò¤îGï
èQûíî!ð1ü\õò<ðbýõñ«ç/óéÂõêÙù íê>÷@èQõ-íWèQûíò¤èð*ð½ê>î!õ:÷>é«ê/ë
èî¤ï/ð½ì*ð¡úsíèuç>èð½÷ÙùYú¡ï>ðbòð a ø©õê>ñ«ø1î<î!õê>ê/ð½î!óé«õê>è
ðv:é«èó1é«ê¹ð½íîGï;ê/ðbóþúÐõòíó¸íêYøõê/ð7óé«ì*ðÿÇn§ï/ð
î!õê>ê/ð½î!óéÂõê>èºíòðWòðbû>òð½èð½êYóQð½÷;íè¸í@èõç/ò¤î!ð0ê/ð½ç&
òõêÙùí*÷>ð½èQóé«ê>íóéÂõê7ê/ð½ç/òõêÙùíê>÷xí*úÐð½éÂëïqó§ýíñ«ç/ðÿ
ù7ç/óíóé«õê>è¡îbíê0î¤ïíê/ëð)óï>ðúÐð½éÂëïYójõü í1î!õêê/ð½î3
óéÂõêÙù¡íê>÷'óï/ðbø'îbíê;íñ«èQõ,î¤ï>íê>ëð0é«óèºèõç/ò¤î!ð0õò
÷/ð½èQóé«ê>íóé«õêÙù a ç/ó§ê/õ9ì)ç/óíóé«õê7îbíê-òð½èç>ñÂó§é{êóï/ð
í÷>÷>éÂóéÂõê-õò÷/ð½ñÂðbóé«õê0õüuíî!õê>ê/ð½î!óé«õêÙÿ1sõê>ê/ð½î3
óéÂõêúÐð½éÂëïYóèýíòø a ðbó úuðbð½êïúû(:ùSíñÂóï/õç/ëï7óï>é«è
ý`íñ«ç>ð©é{èªèQóQòðbóî¤ï>ð½÷pú¡éÂóï0óï/ð+ü ç>ê>î!óé«õêÛó¦ô õ
>ü)÷
õ
÷
a ðbü\õòð a ð½é«ê/ë+íû>ûñ{éÂð½÷Ùÿ
¾
ÒW:c¶\2´
n§ï/ð*ûMõûç>ñ{íóéÂõêpèécwbð*úsíèe:ù íê÷(é«êpð½íîGï@õü
îOOëð½ê/ðbòGíóéÂõê>è_eO)ëíì+ð½èuúuðbò¤ð¡ûñ«í£øð½÷ÙÿgåÀíîGï
ëíì+ðxî!õê>èé«èóQð½÷,õü:(ûñ«í½øðbòGè a ð½é«ê/ëWò¤íê>÷/õì*ñ«ø
ï>íê>÷èbÿ å ýðbòø0ûñ«í£øðbò)é«ê0óï>ð+ûSõûç>ñ«íóéÂõê0î!õç>ñ«÷
óï/ðbòðbü\õòð ðv:ûMð½î!ózóQõ§ûñ{í½ø::ù(OO¡ï>íê>÷èMõüEûMõOðbò½ÿýl
xÀñ{í½øðbò¤èpúÐðbòð,èQð½íóQð½÷ é{ê.í;òGíê>÷/õì õò¤÷/ðbò(íê>÷
ëéÂýð½êjÍ:OóQõèQóíòóÀú¡éÂóïÙÿn§ï/ðiëíì+ð¡úÐíègûñ«í½øð½÷
ü\õò óí a ñÂð§èQóíð½è½ù a ç>ó ò¤ð a ç/ø:é«ê/ëÍíüOóQðbò a ç>èQóé«ê>ëõç/ó
úsíè¡íç/óQõì*íóé{îÿ
n¬õ*ü íîbé«ñ«éÂóíóQðºx íòðbóQõº÷/õì*é«ê>íêî!ðÍîbíñ{îbç>ñ«íóéÂõê>è½ù
í¸ì*íóQò¤é5v-úÐíèªç>èð½÷7óQõÆðbðbû(óQò¤íî7õüÐï/õ£ú5ì<ç>î¤ï
ì+õê/ðbøºð½íî¤ï7ûñ«í£øðbòï>í÷¸úÐõêõò¡ñÂõèóiüOòõì=ðbýðbòø
õóï/ðbòûñ«í½øðbòé{ê0óï/ð+ûMõûç>ñ«íóéÂõêzÿpAûñ«í½øðbòpAé«è
èíé«÷óQõux íòðbóQõþ÷>õì*é«ê>íóQðWûñ«í£øðbòÎq=é«ü9pè9ûSðbò
ü\õò¤ì*íê>î!ð<íëíé«ê>èQó¡íñ{ñÙûñ«í£øðbò¤è
h
é{ê>îbñ«ç>÷>é{ê/ëpØírq
óï/ð½ì*èð½ñÂýð½èl)é«è<íó©ñ«ð½íèQó<íè<ëõEõE÷®íè1qè<ûMðbòüOõò
ì*íê>î!ðÿFê9ü\íî!óbù/÷>ç/ðóQõ©óï/ðèQóQõ:î¤ïíèQóé«îÍê>íóç/òðõü
ûMõOðbò½ù>éÂósúsíè§ê/ð½î!ð½èèíò¤ø9óQõ1é{ê>îbñ«ç>÷/ðjí,Í:O*ì*íò>
ëé«ê-õü ðbòòõòÍé«ê-óï/ð½èQð©îbíñ«îbç>ñ«íóé«õê>èbùíèjó úuõûñ{í½øY
ðbò¤èÀú¡éÂóï*é«÷>ð½êYóé«îbíñèQóQò¤íóQðbëéÂð½èÐî!õç>ñ«÷+ð½íè¤é«ñÂø©ú¡é«ê©õò
ñÂõèQðªíóiñÂð½íèQósóï>íó§íì*õç>êYósü\òõìð½íî¤ïõóï>ðbòiõ£ýðbò
óï/ðîEù(OO9ï>íê÷>èióï/ðbøðv:ûMð½î!ó¡óQõ9î!õêqóQð½èQóbÿëEõ/ùWp
÷/õì*é{ê>íóQð½è)q(é«ü&p,÷>õqð½è¬ê/õì+õò¤ðÀóï>íê1Í:O¡úÐõò¤èQð
óï>íê1qJíëíé«ê>èQó íêqøûñ«í½øðbò½ùqíê>÷©ì+õòðióï>íê,Í:O
a ðbóQóQðbò§óï>íêÛq'íëíé{ê>èQó¡íó¡ñ«ð½íèQó§õê/ðªûñ{í½øðbò½ÿ
þjðbóQðbò¤ì*é{ê>é«èQóé«î¡î!òõ£ú¡÷é«ê/ëÎdK¹<fzé«èuí)è¤é«ì+ûñÂðì+ð½î¤ï&
íê>é«è¤ìÁüOõò ÷>é«ýðbò¤èéÂó ø)ì*íé«êqóQð½ê>íê>î!ðiúï>é«î¤ï+é{è¬ð½íè¤é«ñÂø
î!õç/ûñ«ð½÷pú¡éÂóïïx¬jÿ)Ãjê>÷/ðbò÷/ðbóQðbòGì*é«ê>é«èóé«î)î!ò¤õ£ú¡÷&
é«ê/ë/ùjóþúÐõ¹ûíò¤ð½êYóèxíò¤ð(î¤ï/õèQð½êíóò¤íê>÷/õìxùjíê>÷
óþúÐõÍõÿMèû>ò¤é«ê/ëíòðÀëð½ê/ðbòGíóQð½÷+ç>èé«ê/ëì)ç/óíóé«õê)íê>÷
î!òõèèõ£ýðbò¡ü ç>ê>î!óé«õê>èbÿgåÀíîGïxõÿÙèQû>ò¤é«ê>ë<é«èiì1íóî¤ï/ð½÷
ú¡éÂóï7óï/ðûíòð½êYóóï>íóÍéÂóì+õèó¡òð½èQð½ì a ñÂð½è½ÿH ü óï/ð
õÿÙèQû>ò¤é«ê>ëWé«è<ö>óQóQðbò+óïíê@óï>ðûíòð½êqóbùÀéÂó©òðbûñ«íî!ð½è
óï/ðûíòð½êYóbÿ¬êxõç/òjîbíèQðùóï>ðõÿÙèQû>ò¤é«ê>ë*ê/ðbð½÷>è§óQõ
x íòðbóQõþ÷/õì*é{ê>íóQð¡óï/ð¡ûíòð½êqóÀé«ê©õò¤÷/ðbòÀóQõòðbûñ«íî!ð
éÂóbÿn§ïEç>èbùYíóÀíêqø<õê/ðióé«ì+ðùA:é«ê>÷>éÂý:é«÷>çíñ«èfé«ê<óï/ð
ûMõûç>ñ«íóé«õê0úuðbòðºì+ð½ì
a
ðbòGèõüióï/ð1íûû>òõv/é«ì*íóQð
x íòðbóQõºüOòõêqóbùíê÷ñ:9úuðbòð)óï/ð½éÂò§õÿÙèQû>òGé«ê/ë1î!õì
ûMðbóé«ê/ë©óQõ+òðbûñ{íî!ðªóï/ð½éÂò§ì*íóîGï/ð½÷ûíòð½êqó§é«ê¸óï>íó
ü\òõêYóbÿ
pAèQóíê>÷>íò¤÷0î!õEðbýõñ«ç/óéÂõêíòø
p8ú¡éÂóï-ð½ñ«éÂóé«è¤ì
úsíè<íñ{èQõ-ð½ì*ûñÂõ£øð½÷®íè<í-î!õì*ûíò¤é«èQõê@ú¡éÂóïuxÍÿ
ëEð½ñÂð½î!óé«õêxé«ê¸óï/ð
púsíè a íèQð½÷7èé{ì+ûñÂø*õêxð½íî¤ï
ûñ«í£øðbòè a íê a íñ«íê>î!ðJíüOóQðbò0íñ«ñe:ù(OO;ï>íê>÷è
ï>í÷ a ðbð½êWûñ«í£øð½÷Ùÿxuñ«í½øðbò a íñ«íê>î!ð½èÍúÐðbòð*èîbíñÂð½÷
ú¡éÂóï0óï>ð*ì*é«ê>é«ì<ç>ì a íñ«íê>î!ð a ð½é«ê/ëèQðbóªð½ôEç>íñgóQõ
wbðbòõ/ùªíê>÷'òõç>ñ«ðbóQóQð(èQð½ñÂð½î!óéÂõê;úsíèxç>èQð½÷'õê;óï/ð
èîbíñÂð½÷7èî!õòð½èbÿ
ù-ç/óíóéÂõê9íê>÷*î!òõèèõ£ýðbòÐúuðbòðé«÷/ð½êqóé«îbíñ>é«ê©óï/ð
xíê>÷
pî!õê÷>éÂóéÂõê>èg¬óï/ðÍì<ç/óíóéÂõê9ò¤íóQðÍúÐíè
ðvEûMð½î!óbù+õê í£ýðbò¤íëðùºíò¤õç>ê>÷5óï/ò¤ðbð¹ì)ç/óíóé«õê>è
é«ê(ð½íîGï®õü§éÂóè)ê>ðbóþúÐõòEè½ùÀíè©î!õì+ûíòð½÷@ú¡éÂóïJéÂóè
ûíòð½êqóbÿ³ë:õç/ò¤î!ð1íê>÷@÷/ð½èQóé«êíóéÂõê#ì<ç/óíóéÂõê>è)é«ê&
ýõñÂýð½÷8óï>ðµò¤íê÷/õì îGï/õé«î!ð'õü7í.ê/ðbú ê>ð½ç/òõê
üOòõì íêíû>û>òõû>òGé«íóQðºîbíóQðbëõò¤øÿËÀpð½éÂëïqó1ì<ç/óí
óéÂõê>è¡é{êYýõñÂýð½÷-óï/ð<í÷>÷>éÂóéÂõêxõü í
íçèèé«íê7ò¤íê&
÷/õì ýíò¤é«í a ñ«ð+óQõ7óï/ð9ðv:é«èóé«ê/ëxúÐð½éÂëïqóbù ô &û(:ù
ô&û=eEÿ Ðò¤õèèQõ£ýðbò<úsíèð½ì+ûñ«õ£øð½÷oî õüsóï/ð
óé«ì+ðùíê÷µúï/ð½ê;ç>èQð½÷;éÂó¸úÐíèé{ì+ûñÂð½ì+ð½êqóQð½÷;íè
ç>ê>éÂü\õò¤ì î!òõèèQõ]ýðbò-úéÂóï a é«íèxõü a ðbó úuðbð½ê Õ
íê>÷³:OÁóQõ]úÐíòG÷>èÀõê>ð§ûíòð½êqó
h
ú¡ï>é{î¤ï*ì*í÷>ð¡÷/ð
óQðbò¤ì*é«ê>é{èQóé«îjî!òõ£ú¡÷é«ê/ë©ð½íèéÂðbòóQõ1é«ì+ûñ«ð½ì+ð½êYólGÿ
9 ²®² \\2´L¿X 3µ,:´A^
ëEðbýðbò¤íñ ýíò¤é«íóé«õê>èªóQõ7óï>ð1í a õ£ýð1úÐðbòðºé«ì+ûñÂð
ì+ð½êYóQð½÷zÿ ê.óï/ð¹èQóíê>÷>íòG÷.îbíèðù*óï/ð®ûMõûç>ñ«í
óéÂõê<úÐíè é{ê>éÂóé«íñ«éwbð½÷ú¡éÂóï©òGíê>÷/õìÁèQóQò¤íóQðbëéÂð½èuíê>÷
óï/ðbø;úuðbòð@íèèQð½èèQð½÷.èQõñÂð½ñ«ø a ø;ûñ«í½ø:é«ê/ë¹íëíé{ê>èQó
ð½íî¤ï¹õóï>ðbò½ÿËê,óï/ð
²
® ´W´L h
É
m
l+î!õê&
÷>éÂóéÂõêÙùªöýðJï>íê÷&þî!õE÷>ð½÷ö v:ð½÷.èQóQò¤íóQðbëéÂð½èWúÐðbòð
û>òð½èQð½êqóÀíóÐðbýðbòø*óí a ñÂðÿ
h
n§ïé«èÀê/ð½î!ð½è¤èéÂóíóQð½÷º÷/õç&
a ñ«é«ê/ëªóï>ðjêEç>ì a ðbòuõüzëíì+ð½èÐûñ«í£øð½÷¸èQõ)óïíóuð½íîGï
ûñ«í½øðbòºî!õç>ñ«÷¹èóé«ñ«ñsðv:ûSð½î!ó·::ù(OO@ïíê>÷>èbÿýl n§ï/ð
ö vEð½÷®èQóQòGíóQðbëéÂð½è*õ a ýEé«õç>èñÂø#÷é«÷®ê/õó+ðbýõñÂýðù a ç/ó
í®ûñ«í½øðbò è¸ûSðbò¤üOõò¤ì1íê>î!ðpíëíé«ê>èQóð½íîGï·õü<óï/ð½ì
ì*í÷/ðü\õòöýð)ì+õòð<÷>é«ì+ð½êèéÂõê>èsóQõºõû>óé«ì*éwbðÿ»ó
úÐíèÀüOð½ñÂóÀóï>íóÀóï/ðö v:ð½÷*èQóQò¤íóQðbëéÂð½èsì*é«ëïYó ûòõ£ý:é«÷/ð
èQõì+ðÍèQõòóÐõüfíòGíóî¤ï/ðbósðÿMð½î!óbù/û>òðbýð½êqóé«ê/ë<ð½îbî!ð½ê&
óQò¤é«îjõò÷/ðbëð½ê>ðbò¤íóQð)èQóQòGíóQðbëéÂð½è§ü\òõì=÷/õé{ê/ë©úuð½ñ«ñTÿ
n§ï/ð*èQð½íò¤îGï@èûíî!ð*ü\õòóï/ð1èQûíò¤èQð*ê/ð½ç/òGíñgê/ðbó"
úuõò:èúsíè7èì1íñ«ñÂðbòxóï>íêéÂó7ì*éÂëïqóxï>í£ýð a ðbð½êÙù
a ç/ó)èóé«ñ«ñ ð½ê>õò¤ì+õç>èbù èõ0é{ê#óï/ð &¿
²
¿ 3 h
äëTl
î!õê>÷>éÂóéÂõê.óï/ðûSõûç>ñ«íóéÂõê.úsíè#é«ê>é«óé«íñ«écwbð½÷.ê/õó
ú¡éÂóïòGíê>÷/õì·ýíñ«ç/ð½è
a
ç/ó¬ú¡éÂóï)é«÷/ð½êqóé«îbíñYî!õûé«ð½è¬õü
í-ï>íê÷&þî!õE÷>ð½÷#ê/ðbó úuõò@ûíéÂò)óï>íó<é{ì+ûñÂð½ì+ð½êqóQð½÷
òð½íèQõê>í a ñ«øëõqõ:÷©ûñ«í£øÿFÉ é{ê>íñ«ñÂøùóï/ðió úuõªýíò¤é«íêqóè
úuðbòð@î!õì a é{ê/ð½÷·é«ê³óï>ð Y ² ®&´´A &¿ ²
3¿ h
É m `äëTlsî!õê>÷éÂóéÂõêÙÿ
ÚbÚbÚ£Ûнá£Ý
óÍé«è§ûíò¤í÷/õv/é«îbíñ«ñ«ø¸÷écb1îbç>ñÂóióQõºû>òõ]ýEé{÷/ð)í9èé«ê&
ëñÂðù1ëð½ê/ðbòGíñ1ì+ð½íèç>òðõüóï/ðµèQóQòð½ê/ëóïAõüóï/ð
ðbýõñÂýð½÷5èQóQò¤íóQðbëéÂð½è½ù*íè0óï/ð½éÂò0ûMðbòüOõòGì*íê>î!ð,îbíê
õê>ñÂø a ðWì*ð½íèç/òð½÷µú¡éÂóïµòð½èQûMð½î!ó¸óQõ,í@ûíòóé«îbç&
ñ«íòõûûSõê>ð½êYójõòªèQðbóÍõüÀõû>ûMõê/ð½êqóèbÿ9pèèð½èèì+ð½êqó
õüóï/ðèQóQò¤íóQðbëéÂð½èÀðbýõñÂýð½÷1ç>ê÷/ðbògóï/ðSx¬®íê>÷
p
-5000
-4000
-3000
-2000
-1000
0
1000
2000
Standard
FO
HS
FO/HS
Performance vs. reference players
Condition
PC
GA
"!$#&%' )(+*-,.(0/1!.#2 ,.*3 )4.,54 76&8:9+(;!<9+ 7.= 78
=#>7??.?1@!.#6A8B,$*%5=!DC !$E!$=#8:9F9+@A G(0 *- )(0 )#2 H(+,IA%KJ
L #!.5. )# )(;!<9+=,.#M,$*ONQPR!$#6TSVUW(0IA#8V2),./1%!$(0 76 *-,.(
7!2;@ ,$*90@A X*-,IA(V2,.#6YZ90,#87B[\ "8:I5Z9;8]!D4 )(;!$. "6^,<4 )(
_ (+I#8Q# "!.2;@2)!.8+ .
óí a ñÂðsèQóQõ:îð½÷©ú¡é«óïòðbü\ðbòð½ê>î!ðsèQóQò¤íóQðbëéÂð½è
h
óï>ðiQíñ5
ûï>í7òðbü\ðbòð½ê>î!ðºëòõç/ûAk-üOò¤õì d53f^lü\õò<í-ö v:ð½÷@èQð
ôEç/ð½ê>î!ðªõü¬:OO1ï>íê>÷èbÿ æ¡õóQðóï>íó§óï/ðªòðbü\ðbòð½ê>î!ð
èQóQò¤íóQðbëé«ð½è¸úuðbòðp÷>é{èQóé«ê>î!ó9üOòõì óï/ðWö v:ð½÷'õû>ûMõ
ê/ð½êqóèbù/íê>÷9úuðbòðÍê/ðbýðbòsð½ê>î!õç>êqóQðbòð½÷¸÷>ç/òGé«ê/ëðbýõ
ñ«ç/óé«õêÙÿ
É éÂëç/ò¤ðSuè¤ï/õ£ú¡è¬óï>íó íî!òõèè íñ«ñYî!õê÷>éÂóéÂõê>è½ù<x
ü\õç>ê>÷pèQóQòõê>ëðbòèQóQò¤íóQðbëéÂð½è)óï>íê(÷é«÷Wóï/ð
p)ÿG ó
é«è íñ«èQõªîbñÂð½íògóïíógóï/ðJÉ m íê>÷©äë<î!õê>÷>éÂóéÂõêè¬é«ì1
û>òõ]ýð½÷¸ç/ûMõê*óï/ðjèQóíê>÷>íò¤÷ºèQðbóç/û
h
ðv/î!ðbû>óié«ê*óï/ð
p ä9ë'î!õê÷>éÂóéÂõêLl*ú¡ï>é{î¤ï;èï/õç>ñ{÷'ê>õó a ðpèç/ò
û>ò¤é{èé«ê/ë/ùiëéÂýð½ê;óïíóóï/ðbø'é{êYýõñÂýð0óï/ðpé«êî!õòûMõ
ò¤íóéÂõê#õü§í÷>÷>éÂóé«õê>íñ ûMõOðbò:ê/õ£ú¡ñ«ð½÷/ëð9é«êqóQõxóï/ð
íñÂëõò¤é«óï>ìÿN»ê<ûíòóé{îbç>ñ«íò½ùóï/ðiî!õì a é«ê/ð½÷1É
m
`ä9ë
î!õê>÷>é«óéÂõêòð½è¤ç>ñÂóQð½÷é{êèQõì+ðÐôqçéÂóQðuèQóQò¤õê/ë¡ûñ{í½øðbò¤èbÿ
pjñÂóï/õç/ëï%éÂó³é«è;÷>é{èíû>ûMõé«êqóé«ê/ë5óQõ=èQðbð5óï>íó
óï/ð9ðbýõñÂýð½÷®èQóQò¤íóQðbëéÂð½è<õê>ñÂø a ð½íó<óï/ð1òðbü\ðbòð½ê>î!ð
èQóQò¤íóQðbëé«ð½è-é«ê;óï>ð#ä9ë³íê>÷ÇÉ m `äëî!õê>÷>éÂóéÂõêèbù
óï/ð¹èQóQòGíóQðbëéÂð½è(÷/õ³íû>ûMð½íòpóQõ a ð,èQóQòõê/ëðbò½ù+õê
í½ýðbòGíëðù+óï>íê.óï/õèQðJòðbûMõòóQð½÷é{êd53fTÿ êóï/ð
û>òðbý:éÂõç>èÍúÐõòSùfì+ð½íêpûMðbòü\õò¤ì*íêî!ð*íëíé«ê>èQóªóï/ð
òðbü\ðbòð½ê>î!ð7èóQò¤íóQðbëéÂð½è*úsíè1í a õç/ó`{'aOO#é«ê®óï/ð
p îbíèQð,íê>÷b`øO³é«ê·óï/ðtx¬ îbíèQðÿÂÀ'ï/ð½ê
óï/ðèQóQò¤õê/ëð½èQóiûMõûç>ñ«íóé«õê1ü\òõìóï/ðÍû>òðbý:éÂõç>èÐòð
èQð½íò¤îGï
h
x íòðbóQõ®ò¤çêËîpõüºe¤l*úÐíèºì*íóî¤ï>ð½÷µç/û
ú¡éÂóï<óï/ð§èóQòõê/ëð½èQógûMõûç>ñ{íóéÂõêü\õç>ê>÷©èQõÍü íò
h
x
ò¤ç>êÇ{¹é«ê;óï/ðñÉ m `ä9ë·î!õê>÷>éÂóéÂõêWlºíê>÷·íñ«ñÂõ]úuð½÷
óQõ¹ûñ{í½ø»ù(OO:ù(OO;ï>íê÷>èbùjóï/ð(ê/ð½ç/ò¤íñªê>ðbóþúÐõò
-5000
-4000
-3000
-2000
-1000
0
1000
2000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
Performance vs. reference players
Generations
PC
GA
c=dYe 7!.#&% 7(:*-,(+/f!$#2 ,<4. 7(19+=/G ,.*B 74.,54 76
8g90(0!$9+ ) "8B#&7??.?@!$#6A8V,$*Q%A5h!DCM!$E!$=#8g9B9+@ f(+ )*- )(+i
)#2) .(0,.IA%Kj90@A k' 78:9NPl!$#6mSVUn(0IA#8f*-(+,/o9+@
p3q<rBst2),.#6Y9+=,.#u,$90 ]90@!<9F8+,./1 3SVUv802,(+ "8w,.*!8
5,<xy!.8OzF{A|~}<??Q@!D4. Ok 7 )#2;@,.%A%' 763,.19+@A 5,<x )(c 76Y
,$*90@A 3.(;!$%@K
ï>íê>÷>èsü\òõìóï/ð½é«ò§èé«ì+ûñ«ðbòÐòGç>ñÂða íèQð½÷î!õçèé«ê>èbÿ
x¬ðbò¤üOõò¤ì1íê>î!ðªõ£ýðbò§óé{ì+ðªé«ê1óï>ð9É
m
`ä9ëî!õê>÷>é5
óéÂõê-é{èé«êèQóQò¤ç>î!óéÂýðOgÉ é«ëç/òðeºèï>õ£ú¡èjóï/ð a ð½èQóõü
{ºx,ò¤ç>ê>èÀíê>÷*óï/ð a ð½èQó õü){
p;ò¤ç>ê>ègü\òõì8óï>é«è
î!õê>÷>éÂóéÂõêzÿjÉ éÂò¤èQóbù éÂóîbíê a ð1èQðbð½ê(óïíóû>òõëò¤ð½èè
ï>íè1÷/ðböê>éÂóQð½ñÂø a ðbð½êì*í÷/ðù§íè9óï/ðWï>íê>÷&þî!õ:÷/ð½÷
ê/ðbóþúÐõòÁ÷/õqð½èpê>õóWûMðbòü\õò¤ì ýðbòøúuð½ñ«ñ+íëíé{ê>èQó
óï/ð¸òðbüOðbò¤ð½ê>î!ðèQóQò¤íóQðbëéÂð½è*íó+óï>ðºõç>óèQðbóbÿñê®óï/ð
x ò¤çêÙùÍûSðbò¤üOõò¤ì1íê>î!ð(é«èxì*íé{êYóíé«ê>ð½÷³üOõò-ñÂõê/ë
ûSðbòGéÂõE÷èbùÐíê÷µì+õ]ýð½èxç/û'é«êµì*õE÷/ð½èó9èQóQðbûèg(óï/ð
x³íñ«ëõò¤éÂóï>ì îbíê0ï>íê/ë1õê-óQõéÂóèjíîbîbç>ì)çñ«íóQð½÷
Eê/õ]ú¡ñÂð½÷/ëðÿFêºóï/ð
pòGç>êÙùYõê¸óï>ðjõóï>ðbò§ï>íê>÷Ùù
ì+ð½íêWûSðbò¤üOõò¤ì1íê>î!ð)õè¤îbé«ñ«ñ«íóQð½èjú¡é«ñ{÷>ñÂøÿn¡ï>é«èjèç/ë
ëð½èQóè óï>íó óï/ðÐûSõûç>ñ«íóéÂõê)é«è¬îGï>íèé«ê>ëÍé«óèfõ]ú¡ê©óíé«ñ
íê>÷0ê/õóí÷/ýíê>îbé«ê/ëé«ê0íêqø-õ a ½Qð½î!óéÂýð1èð½ê>èQðOgªé«ê&
óQò¤íê>èéÂóé«ýðÐèç>ûSðbòGéÂõò¤éÂó øªòð½ñ«íóéÂõê>è¤ï>éÂûè¬ì*í½ø<úuð½ñ{ñ a ð
óQõ
a
ñ«íì+ðÿ
É é«ëç/òð³{0èï/õ]ú¡è©óï/ðì+ð½íê,íê>÷,ì+ð½÷é«íê®íëð½è
õüMì*ð½ì a ðbò¤ègõüMóï/ðx íò¤ðbóQõ)ü\òõêqóÀ÷>ç/ò¤é{ê/ëÍóï/ð a ð½èQó
x¹ò¤ç>êºé«ê1óï>ðÉ
m
`ä9ëºî!õê>÷éÂóéÂõê
h
óï>ðÍè¤íì+ðx¬
ò¤ç>êèï/õ]ú¡êxé«êÄÉ éÂëç>òðe®lGÿU»ó¡é«è§îbñ«ð½íò¡óï>íó¡èóQòõê/ë
èQóQò¤íóQðbëéÂð½è¸îbíêµòð½ì*íé«ê'é«ê¹óï>ð7ü\òõêYóºü\õòºí@ñÂõê/ë
óé«ì+ð
h
éÿðÿÂù:éÂóuëðbóèÐïíò¤÷/ðbòuíê÷1ï>íò¤÷>ðbòÀóQõ<öê>÷+õÿW
èQû>ò¤é«ê>ëxóï>íó*÷/õì*é{ê>íóQð9óï>ð½éÂò©ûíòð½êqóèl)íê>÷Jóï>íó
óï>é«èsðÿMð½î!óéÂóèQð½ñ«ü¬é«ê>î!ò¤ð½íèQð½èiõ£ýðbòjóé«ì+ðÿ
É é«ëç/òðJ}èï/õ]ú¡ègî!õêqýðbòëð½ê>î!ðÍèQóíóé«èQóé«îbè
h
îbíñ{îbç&
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
Age in generations
Generations
Mean
Median
_ 7!$#!$#6M/1 76A=!.#T!.. G,$*O/1 7/Hk' )(;8V,$*w90@A
N !$(0 90,*-(+,#E97 ,<4. 7(39+=/1 .=#y90@A k' 78:9GNQP(+I#y*-(+,/
9+@ Xp3q<rBs^2),.#6AZ90,#K
éÂóè ê>ðbóþúÐõòùqú¡éÂóï+íªúÐð½éÂëïqó ýíñ«ç/ðsú¡éÂóï>é{ê1ú&û=eÍõü
óï/ð)ö>ò¤èQóliüOòõì íÎx·ò¤ç>êxíê>÷Wí
pÁò¤ç>ê-é«êxóï/ð
èQóíê>÷íò¤÷î!õê>÷>éÂóé«õêÙÿXn§ï/ðªö>ëç>òðªèï/õ£úèióï>íó§óï/ð
x(íñÂëõò¤éÂóïì·é«èfè¤ñÂõ£úÐðbòfóQõjî!õêYýðbòëðùYóï>íó¬éÂó¬÷/õqð½è
ê/õóòð½íîGï·óï/ð@èíì+ð(î!õêqýðbòëð½ê>î!ð®ñÂðbýð½ñíèóï/ð
p)ùíê>÷óïíó¡éÂóèií a èQõñ{ç/óQðñÂðbýð½ñzõü î!õêqýðbòëð½ê>î!ð
é«èÐôqçéÂóQðjñ«õ£ú³íóiíòõç>ê>÷Æ:ÿ=eEÿ m ê9óï/ðÍõóï/ðbòiï>íê>÷zù
î!õêqýðbòëð½ê>î!ð1é«ê-óï/ð+äëWíê>÷¦É m `äëWî!õê>÷>éÂóéÂõêè
é«èié«êqóQðbòð½èQóé{ê/ë
h
ëò¤íûïxê>õó§èï/õ£úêLl
a
ð½îbíç>èQðõ
a
ýEéc
õç>èñ«ø-éÂóèQóíò¤óèªõç/óíó,ÿ(Î óï/ð*ûMõûç>ñ«íóé«õê-é«è
èQóQõ:îð½÷<ú¡éÂóï)é«÷/ð½êqóé«îbíñï>íê÷&þî!õE÷>ð½÷èQóQò¤íóQðbëé«ð½èG
a
ç/óíü\óQðbò<óï>íóbùgéÂóªü\íñ{ñ«èí½úsí½ø 1O >
ôEç>é«îEñ«øWç>ê
÷/ðbòjí
pÁóïíê7éÂój÷/õqð½èç>ê>÷/ðbòxjùíèì<ç/óíóéÂõê
íê>÷pî!òõè¤èQõ£ýðbò<÷/ð½èQóQòõ]ø-ëõEõE÷pèóQò¤íóQðbëé«î+ð½ñÂð½ì*ð½êYóè
ü íèQóQðbò¡óï>íê7èQð½ñÂð½î!óéÂõêxîbíê-ï/õñ«÷¸õêqóQõ*óï/ð½ìÿ
ÚÛ <ã]âSáw.½ã\߬Ü
x íòðbóQõ©î!õqðbýõñ{ç/óéÂõê1íê÷1÷/ðbóQðbò¤ì1é«ê>é«èQóé{îÐî!ò¤õ£ú¡÷&
é«ê/ëªèQðbð½ì1ègóQõ a ðiíªï>íû>ûEø<ì*íò¤ò¤é«íëðÿþðbóQðbòGì*é«ê>é«è>
óé«îî!ò¤õ£ú¡÷>é{ê/ë*íî!óç>íñ«ñÂø¸ì*íð½è¡óï/ðx³íñÂëõò¤éÂóï>ì
ýðbòøªð½íèQøªóQõÍé«ì+ûñÂð½ì+ð½êqóbù]íè ÷/õì*é«ê>íêî!ðgòð½ñ«íóéÂõê>è
õê>ñÂø®ê/ðbð½÷óQõ a ðxî¤ï/ð½îð½÷ a ðbó úuðbð½êµûíòð½êqó1íê>÷
õÿÙèQû>ò¤é«ê>ë/ùjíê>÷éÂóû>òðbýð½êqóè7óï>ðpðvEóQòð½ì*ð@ñÂðbýð½ñ«è
õüî!õêqýðbòëð½ê>î!ðWèQðbð½ê,é«êEd53fTÿñ»ó*ï>íè©íñ«èQõ(ñ«ð½÷@óQõ
èQóQòõê>ëðbò(ñÂðbýð½ñ«èWõü*ûMðbòü\õò¤ì*íê>î!ðù©íè0î!õì+ûíòð½÷
ú¡éÂóï8óï/ðûòðbýEé«õç>è(úÐõòSù9õêíñ{íòëðbòJèð½íò¤î¤ï
èQûíî!ð)õüÀèQóQò¤íóQðbëé«ð½èbÿSn§ï/ðõê>ñÂø÷/õ£úê>èé«÷/ð)é«è§óï>íó
éÂó7îbíêóíðJíµñÂõê/ë,óé«ì*ð(óQõöê÷·íê·õÿÙèQû>ò¤é{ê/ë
óï>íóJ÷/õì*é«ê>íóQð½è@éÂóè#ì*õèQó"þèé«ì*é{ñ«íòpûíòð½êqóbù a ç>ó
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
Convergence
Generations
PC
GA
c=.SB 7#A 90=2F2),.#4. 7(+ )#2) O,.*9+@A F%',.%IA5=!$9+=,.#1,<4. 7(
9+=/G $=#,#A \NPT(0IA#1!$#6,.#A FSVU(0IA#H*-(0,./R90@A F8:90!$#Ai
6A!$(;6^2),.#6Y9+=,.#
ð½êYóè9ï>í½ýðWíî¤ï>éÂðbýð½÷'ípòð½íèõê>í a ñÂð7ñ«ðbýð½ñiõüÍûñ«í½ø
ì+õèQó©ì)ç/óíóé«õê>è<ú¡é«ñ«ñÀõ a ý:éÂõç>èñ«ø a ð¸÷/ð½ñÂðbóQðbòGéÂõç>èbÿ
æ¡ðbýðbòóï>ð½ñÂð½èèbùé«êÍü ç/óç/òð éÂó¬ì*í½øÍû>òõ]ýð úÐõòóïYúï>é«ñÂð
óQõ<ðv:ûMðbò¤é«ì+ð½êqóÀúéÂóï9í÷íû>óéÂýðªì)ç>óíóéÂõêºò¤íóQð½èié«ê
õò¤÷/ðbò óQõªèQðbðiú¡ï/ðbóï/ðbòg÷/õì1é«ê>íêqó¬õÿÙèQû>ò¤é{ê/ëîbíê a ð
üOõç>ê÷íêYø¸ì+õòðôEç>é«îEñ«øÿ
n§ï/ð1xíñÂëõò¤é«óï>ì%îbíêpï>íê/ë¸õêWóQõxéÂóèÍíîbîbç&
ì)ç>ñ{íóQð½÷z:ê/õ£ú¡ñ«ð½÷/ëðù íè<èQðbð½êJé«êpóï/ðºï/ð½í÷#èóíòó
íê>÷·ö v:ð½÷õû>ûMõê/ð½êYóï,ï/ð½í÷.èQóíòó0î!õê>÷>é«óéÂõê>èbÿ
n§ï>é«èjì*íð½èóï>ð<óQð½îGï>ê>é«ôEç/ð+ûMõóQð½êqóé«íñ«ñÂø7íûûñ«é«îbí
a ñÂðºóQõ#íêYø@ëíì+ðxú¡ï>ðbòð¸úuðxï>í£ýð7í0òð½íèQõêí a ñÂð
èQóQò¤íóQðbëøùð½éÂóï>ðbò7ï>íê>÷&þî!õ:÷/ð½÷³õò-ëð½ê/ðbò¤íóQð½÷ç>è"
é«ê/ë)íê>õóï/ðbò¡ì*íîGï>é«ê/ðÍñÂð½íò¤ê>é{ê/ë)ì+ðbóï>õE÷Ùù:óï>íósúÐð
úuõç>ñ{÷(ñ«écð*óQõWèQóíòó)üOòõìxÿÆn¡ï/ð1íç/óï/õò<÷/ðbý:é«èQð½÷
óï/ð¡ï>íê>÷ þî!õE÷/ð½÷1ê/ðbóÀç>èQð½÷1é«ê+óï/ð¡ï>ð½í÷1èQóíòóuî!õê&
÷>éÂóéÂõê#ú¡éÂóï@ëòð½íó+îbíòðùÀíê>÷Jðv:ûSð½î!óQð½÷®éÂó<óQõp÷/õ
ôqç>é«óQð<úÐð½ñ«ñ2¼ éÂóÍúÐíè)èQõ a ðbò¤é«ê/ëºóQõ7èQðbð9ï/õ£ú8ôEç>é«îEñ«ø
óï/ðºx;íñ«ëõò¤éÂóï>ìé«ì*û>òõ£ýð½÷7ç/ûMõêéÂóbÿ
ë:í÷>ñÂøùiï/õ]úuðbýðbò½ùióï>ð x=íñÂëõò¤éÂóï>ì úÐíèºê/õó
ûíòóé«îbç>ñ{íò¤ñÂø èç>îbî!ð½è¤èQü\çñé«êíòò¤éÂý:é«ê/ë5íóèóQòõê/ë
ûSõOðbò0èQóQò¤íóQðbëé«ð½è-úï/ð½êèQóíò¤óé«ê/ëü\òõì èî!ò¤íóîGïÙù
éÿðÿÂù§é«ê¹óï>ð-èQóíê>÷íò¤÷î!õê>÷éÂóéÂõêÙÿ·æõò9úsíèºóï/ð
pù¬ï/õ£úÐðbýðbò½ÿ³n§ï/ðjxÁì+ðbóï>õE÷@ì*í½øpóç/òGêpõç/ó
óQõ'ò¤ð½ôqç>é«òð#í'üOðbú¿òð½íèõê>í a ñÂð®èQóQò¤íóQðbëéÂð½è(óQõ a ð
û>òð½èQð½êqó7é«ê;óï/ð@ûMõûç>ñ«íóéÂõêzùjé«ê;õòG÷/ðbò7óQõµûSõé{êYó
óï>é«ê/ëè©é«ê®óï/ðòGéÂëïYó+÷>é«òð½î!óéÂõê8g¸éÂó*èQðbð½ì+ð½÷îbñÂð½íò
óï>íópú¡ï/ð½ê î!õì*ûSðbóé{ê/ë·íëíé«ê>èQó(í·ûíòð½êqópóï>íó
é«èªðÿMð½î!óéÂýð½ñÂøpûñ«í£øEé{ê/ëò¤íê>÷/õì1ñÂøùzõÿÙèQû>ò¤é«ê>ëú¡éÂóï
èé«ì*é«ñ{íò¤ñÂø¡ûMõEõò èóQò¤íóQðbëéÂð½ègî!õç>ñ«÷<èQõì+ðbóé{ì+ð½è ÷/õì
a øûMðbòü\õò¤ì*íê>î!ð,íëíé«ê>èópóï/ð,ö v:ð½÷Áõû>ûMõê/ð½êYóè
h
éÿðÿÂùYì*ð½íê*èî!õòð½ègúÐðbòð§ï>é«ëï/ðbògüOõòXx¬Jé«ê<óï/ðHÉ
m
íê>÷³É m `ä9ëî!õê>÷>éÂóéÂõêèlGÿXn§ï>é«èsì*íð½èéÂóbù>íëíé«êÙù
ûMðbò¤ï>íûè íû>ûñ{é«îbí a ñÂðuóQõì*íêYø)ëíì+ð½ègú¡ï>ðbòðuò¤ðbüOðbò>
ð½ê>î!ð)ûñ«í½øðbòGè¡íòð<í½ýíé«ñ«í
a
ñÂðÿÉ>ç/óç/ò¤ððbýõñ«ç/óéÂõê7õü
ûMõOðbòèQóQò¤íóQðbëéÂð½èªî!õçñ«÷ a ð©é«ì+ûòõ£ýð½÷ a ø-é«ê>îbñ{ç>÷&
é«ê/ë¹èóQòõê/ëðbòxòðbü\ðbòð½ê>î!ð#ûñ«í½øðbòGèbùªèç>î¤ïíèxóï/õèQð
û>òõ:÷>ç>î!ð½÷
a
ø@õóï/ðbò©ûMõOðbò<ò¤ð½èQð½íò¤î¤ï>ðbò¤èbÿï»ó<ì*í£ø
ðbýð½ê a ðûMõèèéa ñÂðºóQõ a õqõóèQóQòGíû,ü\ç/óç>òðò¤ç>ê>è a ø
ç>èé{ê/ë+èQõì+ðõü óï/ðèQóQòGíóQðbëéÂð½è¡÷/ð½è¤î!ò¤éa ð½÷¸ï/ðbòðÿ
m
ýðbòGíñ«ñù§óï/ðWúÐõòï>íè¸ñÂð½÷µóQõ,èQõì+ð0òð½íèQõê&
í a ñÂø@ëõqõ:÷,èQóQò¤íóQðbëé«ð½èbÿ¥n§ï/ðíç/óï/õò1òð½ñ«ç>î!óíêqóñÂø
î!õê/ü\ð½èèQð½è0óï>íó(íñ«óï/õç/ëïÁï/ðJú¡é«ê>èWíëíé«ê>èQó0óï/ð
èQóQòõê>ëð½èQóûMõûç>ñ«íóé«õêWèõxü\íò£ù¬ï/ð*é«èªîbç>òòð½êqóñÂøWé{ê
óï/ð'òð½÷8íëíé{ê>èQóJóï/ðµð½ñ{éÂóQðèQóQò¤íóQðbëøAüOò¤õì õê/ð
õü+óï/ðyx É m `äëò¤ç>ê>èbÿ n¡ï/ð(ðbýõñÂýð½÷Áûñ{í½øY
ðbò¤èxïí½ýð@í®ýðbò¤ø;îbíç>óéÂõç>èü\ðbð½ñªóQõ¹óï/ð½ì³g,óï/ðbø
íòðjóéÂëïqóuíê>÷ºíëëòð½èèé«ýðû>ò¤ð
Ô
õûzùqíê÷1ûMõèQó"
Ô
õû
óï/ðbø#íò¤ðºýðbò¤ø(òð½ñ«ç>î!óíêqó©óQõ0ò¤íé«èQð9õê>î!ðí-ûMõèè¤é5
a ñÂð<èQóQò¤íéÂëïqóÍõò Ô ç>èï-èï/õ£úèH ç>êñÂð½èèõüÀî!õç/ò¤èQð
óï/ðbø®ï>í½ýðWéÂóbÿ¥n§ï>é{è+èç/ëëð½èQóè9í0ûSõè¤èéa ñÂð¸íû>ûñ{é5
îbíóéÂõê;é«êóï/ð a ç>òëðbõê>é«ê/ë#õê>ñ«é«ê/ðûMõOðbòé«ê>÷ç>è"
óQòøWgF½ç>èQójíèÄiû>òõûAk9ûñ«í£øðbò¤èªíòð<ð½ì+ûñÂõ]øð½÷ a ø7í
îbíèé«ê>õ¡óQõÍì*íðièç/òð óïíó¬óí
a
ñ«ð½è¬íòðsíñÂúsí½ø:è úuð½ñ«ñc
ûMõûç>ñ«íóQð½÷íê>÷óï>ðbòðbüOõò¤ð-íû>ûMð½íñ«é«ê>ëpüOõò¸í#ê/ðbú
ûñ«í£øðbò½ù:ðbýõñÂýð½÷¸ûñ«í£øðbò¤èsì*éÂëïqó a ðjç>èQð½÷ºóQõ)öñ«ñíê
õê>ñ«é{ê/ðÍóí
a
ñÂðç>êqóé«ñF:*ïEç>ì*íê¸ûñ{í½øðbò¤èíòò¤éÂýðÿ
ê¸î!õê>îbñ«ç>èé«õêÙùx¬µñÂõqõO:èsñ«écðÍí<û>òõì*é«è¤é«ê/ëíû
û>òõíîGïóQõÁî!õEðbýõñÂý:é«ê/ë.ëíì+ð³èQóQò¤íóQðbëéÂð½è½ùð½èQûMð
îbé«íñ«ñ«ø<úï/ð½ê1éÂóuîbíê
a
ð¡íûûñ«éÂð½÷+óQõ©í÷>ð½î!ð½êYóièQóíòó"
é«ê/ë9èQóQò¤íóQðbëøÿsñÂð½íò¤ñ«øºóï>ðbòð)é«èjíºê/ðbð½÷7óQõºðv:ûSðbò
é«ì+ð½êqó<ü\ç/ò¤óï/ðbò)úéÂóï#ûíò¤íì+ðbóQðbò¤è©èç>îGï®íè+ì)ç/óí
óéÂõê®ò¤íóQðùÐûMõûç>ñ«íóé«õê@èéwbðùuíê>÷®óï/ðxì1íòëé«êJõü
ðbòòõò©ü\õò1x íò¤ðbóQõ(÷/õì*é«ê>íêî!ð9íèèQð½è¤èì+ð½êqó:gºê/õê>ð
õü¡óï>ð½èQðxï>í½ýð7øðbó a ðbð½ê®èç a ½ð½î!óQð½÷®óQõ(í0ûòõûMðbò
èQð½ê>è¤éÂóéÂý:éÂóþø1íêíñÂøEè¤é«èbù:íê>÷ì*éÂëïqóiï>í½ýð÷/òGíèQóé«îjðbü±
ü\ð½î!óè§õê¸óï/ðªòð½è¤ç>ñÂóèbÿFêí÷>÷>éÂóé«õêÙùqóï>ðò¤ç>ê>èsì*í£ø
èé«ì*ûñÂø;ê/ðbð½÷·óQõ a ð@ñÂõê/ëðbò£ÿ n§ï/ðbòðJé«è7ê/õµðbýEéc
÷/ð½ê>î!ð@óï>íó7ûMðbòü\õò¤ì*íêî!ð(é«ê³óï/ðux%òGç>ê>èxï>íè
ûñ«íóQð½íç>ð½÷øðbóbùç>êñ«écðªé«ê¸óï/ð
pòGç>ê>è
h
èQðbðÉ éÂë
ç/òðºe®lGù>íê>÷¸óï>ðÍì*ð½÷>é«íê¸íëðõü¬èóQò¤íóQðbëéÂð½è§é«êºóï/ð
ü\òõêYó ëðbóèÀýðbòø)ï>é«ëïÙùèç/ëëð½èQóé{ê/ëÍóï>íó ì+õòðióé«ì*ð
é«è)ê/ðbð½÷/ð½÷(óQõ-öê>÷(é{ì+û>òõ]ýð½÷(õÿÙèQû>ò¤é«ê>ë/ÿÎÉ é«ê>íñ{ñÂøù
éÂóiúÐõç>ñ«÷íñ«èõ a ð÷>ð½èéÂò¤í a ñ«ðóQõ1î!õì*ûíòðóï/ð a ð½èó
ðbýõñÂýð½÷<èQóQò¤íóQðbëéÂð½è ì+õòðuèQøEèóQð½ì*íóé«îbíñ«ñÂøÍú¡é«óïïqç
ì*íêJûñ«í£øðbò¤è)õü¡ýíò¤éÂõç>è<ñÂðbýð½ñ«èbùgíê>÷Jú¡é«óï(õóï/ðbò
§K¨-©Z `AN3I<6(_*9+X`OQX`0123¤?^7L.PS'":"!6=; %(3
B2%(FMOP.24[.CH<'"G3%(\L'":"!336(!>*MMO":T%(
$CJ9* %=CJP2%(3<45.º7A.P,2"6("'P%(3¤? %(
~:g7h<7 Q¢¡£=¤E¥w+Y+£¦-\§7Q¨©)"ª«$£¦-7Y§)+¬H7®V¯
°
«.£±§)£¦-7W7~¡~++Y:+²M¥¨\ ³¯±´.µ"µD¶?3·T`U MOP'P.>?
¸8`3@N:*<CHY?QU`"0;Y?0¦`¹)`)·<* 3Y?¢_`«º`~»A3%(>?
º` @N"Y?T®`& "¤?º`&R.%(3<?LO`&7&0¼""2O?º` @.2«
¼P3Y?*\¸8`¹W;<.33?)¸L* "`)½7¾7¾ ¨?3M<MY`;¿"À"Á~Â 7¾7¾ ?<º.
DX;îCHY?<9#<./'"%(2'" `
§½>©s+X`WQU`T0123Æ*jZ<`¹)`7&6=6='-O?Ä¢ÅW:"!6=; %(3<«
.2]³* ] CJ%('"S%=³$CJ%(%(CH6)2;I<\2./3? %(7¯
:g7h<7 T¡ £=¤>¥w+A+£¦¦§7YT¨ ©)7ª«.£¦¦7Y§7:¬Æ7®V¯
°
«.£±§)£¦-7W7~¡~++Y:+²M¥¨\ ³¯±´.µ"µD¶?3·T`U MOP'P.>?
¸8`3@N:*<CHY?QU`"0;Y?0¦`¹)`)·<* 3Y?¢_`«º`~»A3%(>?
º` @N"Y?T®`& "¤?º`&R.%(3<?LO`&7&0¼""2O?º` @.2«
¼P3Y?O*f¸8`A¹W; .3?¸L* "`½7¾7¾ ¨3?º.DX;îCHY?
# ./'P%=2'P<`
§Á©ÇÅ.6(3Ⱥ`N#<32P'>Î* 7&PP.Z<`B#&6("CJ%( ?É\Q)
!-.! %(PV»4HP!36(;<%(.2]·6(.%KCJ%(¦C;<6(%(I<«
Ê^"'P%(!U3M %=CJ%˼>%(3Y?>¨©)"ª«$£¦-7§7+¬^7®
°
«$£±§7£¦-7<?
!336c`YÁ?<<`¤¨3?<MMY`®¨:¨>¯?&¨~À7À:`
§¿©Ì¸8`EÍ®%Kg¼"6(P.>?<D¬`R"I¤? *·T` %("6(3?\¢ÅW3CJM.%(234
C_;6K%K«±3I$Ê\"'P%(!"!36(; %=.2]Î6(3.%K<CJ;ȸTCJM%K.%K«
'"6."2;<6K"?1¨ ©)7ª«.£¦¦7Y§7:¬H7®
°
«$£±§7£¦¦7?!6c`<Î ?<<`
½:?M<MY`®¨°)Á¨;À:?½7¾"¾7¾ `
§>©sR_` 6=<2]:?ϤBϤE7+¬V¢¡ÐD+/? WVW7T6(;WVW
7T;I<6(%=2<%(<?¢N"*<P.2Y?»U? 4[3; .2>* %(%(Y?¨;À"À7À `
§¯©Ì·T`Z3""?\ÑHhEh$OÒ'7ÓÈÒK=®Bh£AÔF"ªËÕ+®?ÅWZ3P6=ÅW ?
7T%K22I; .3Y?7®QU?<2"'"*>* %K%=Y?½7¾7¾"¾ `
§°>©sR_`O 6=2:]S*1º`º96(C; Y?Ô\"ªË'Õ+®ÖÐD+¡;7
×
7©)§7+OªË§)¬<+: ?WVWN7T6(; WVWN7T;I<6(%=2<%(<?¢NP<«
* P.23¤?O»_?%K./*"*<%K%(3Y?½7¾7¾ ¨`
§Î© O`0¦`Yº9<4[3;*¤?HB%='/%(<JCJP* )4[."-%='_6K«
.%KCJ"?oØ^6(6(%ý@Q··+)"MO.2HÀ7¾7¾ ¨?OB%(!P.2%Kµ]j4
ص6(6=%(<3%(B.I«¢ÅWCJM%(3¤?L¨;À"À:?ÈÙQ)6(2>!3%=6K«
I6(U)7TR·<"2%("`Ú-`
§À©sR_`.¹W%(6=6(%("?R` 7 MM¤?Z `'-0î-.>? *HR`<$¼>4ý.3Y?
^7&3-.Î"\IO"*Û45.1QOØS."2>.'-¤? %(Æ7¯
:g7h<7 V¢¡ ×OÛFÜ"Ý ²\ϤÏÓ0ª¡+£=¤ §7§D7-§)7;¡~++¯
+:^7
×
+£¦Þ0-§"ª
Û
£ß0ªhªZ<++-?W+U`à¸G`ºP.'"-.H*
¸8`KNP;<45P6ý*®?¸L* "`¨~À7À"Î?8QN* !3'"PU%(,Q).2%âá'"%=6ص<«
P6=6(%(3P'"3?MMY`E½7½7ÎÂ$½7Á7Î ?Y M .%(3-.>?¹W-.6=%(¤`
§K¨;¾©3·T`K¹.3* ·A`&0Ä<%(6=?m\QB*M %(!H6=".%(<º4[.
MOP.>?%=y ¢~+g7h<7 ^¢¡1£=¤E¥+A+£¦-§7Y¨ ©)7¯
ª«$£¦-)Y§7:¬V7®
°
«$£±§7£¦-7f7;¡~+g+:+²c¥¨Q ³ ¯-´.µDµDµ`
½)¾"¾7¾ ?GMM¤`L¯7¾Â °7Á?Oº.ÆDX; 45CHY?<j#<./<«
'P%=2'P<`
§K¨¨P©H@_`YDF"*6(6A*º`®0Ä%(6(6=*<%(<?M\Q)%(!"\%(3%(34
3*M<%(!UMO3-.M6="]:P.>?³7 ."2":>*ºBH¨;¿
Q);\2./6=%=ÛZ3%(:tÅW3 45P.P'"3³QG.2%Ëá'"%=6Qص:"6(6=%K«
"'PGÙQOØ/£¾ ¨Ú-?¤QB*<"6=%ý* 3?¤QB;<\2./6(%= ? ¨;¾Â¨0¿RP'""C¬«