INFORMATION
MANUAL FOR VACCINATION
VACCINATE TO ENSURE YOUR CHILD’S HEALTHY FUTURE
ROTARY INTERNATIONAL
DISTRICT 3271 - 3272
Immunization is the process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine. Vaccines stimulate the body’s own immune system to protect the person against subsequent infection or disease. Immunization is a proven tool for controlling and eliminating life-threatening infectious diseases.
May God protect us and our children and give them a healthy and happy life. Amen.
Our children are our future and the best way to protect them is vaccinations which keep them safe from many serious and potentially deadly diseases.
Vaccination protects children from serious illness and compli- cations of vaccine-preventable diseases which can include amputation of an arm or leg, paralysis of limbs, hearing loss, convulsions, brain damage, and death. Vaccine-preventable diseases, such as Tuberculosis, Diphtheria, Whooping cough, Tetanus, Polio, Measles, Pneumonia and Hepatitis B, are still a threat.
IMMUNIZATION
TUBERCULOSIS (T.B.)
BCG vaccine prevents tuberculosis or TB. This vaccine is given to the newborn as soon as possible after birth. The vaccine shot is administered just beneth the skin. If the child misses the dose at birth, it can be administered later on as well.
B.C.G. VACCINE COMPLICATIONS
The failure to provide timely treatment to the patient can result in serious consequences and prove fatal both in Tuberculosis affecting the Lungs as well as the meninges.
Cough, Unintentional weight loss, Fatigue, Fever, Night sweats, Chills, Loss of appetite
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by bacteria (Mycobacterium tuber- culosis) that most often affect the lungs. Tuberculosis is curable and preventable. TB is spread from person to person through the air.
POLIO
Oral Polio virus Vaccine (OPV) is administered as drops by mouth at birth to all children, then at 6th and 10th week. At 14th week of age give Injectable Polio vaccine (IPV). During campaigns OPV bivalent vaccine will continue.
VACCINATION AND PREVENTION
In severe cases of paralytic polio, the throat and chest may be paralyzed. Death may result if the patient does not receive artificial breathing support.
COMPLICATIONS
Fever, sore throat, headache, vomiting, fatigue, back pain or stiffness, neck pain or stiffness, pain or stiffness in the arms or legs, muscle weakness or tenderness, loss of reflexes, severe muscle aches or weakness, loose and floppy limbs (flaccid paral- ysis), often worse on one side of the body.
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
Polio is a highly infectious disease caused by the Polio Virus. It invades the nervous system, and can cause total paralysis in a matter of hours. The virus is transmitted from person-to-person and spreads mainly through the faecal-oral route or less frequently by a common vehicle (e.g. contaminated water or food) and multiplies in the intestine.
The bacteria that causes Diphtheria usually spread in droplets of moisture coughed into the air. The bacteria then multiply in the mouth or throat of the individual who breathes them.
Vaccination consists of DPT 3 doses of 0.5 ml each/IM admin- istered to the children less than one year of age according to the following schedule:
1st dose at age (six) 06 weeks;
2nd dose at age (Ten) 10 weeks;
3rd dose at age (fourteen) 14 weeks
DPT is a combination of vaccines against three infectious diseases in humans Diphtheria, Pertussis (whooping cough), and tetanus.
VACCINATION AND PREVENTION
The most serious complication is of the virus entering the blood and resulting in paralysis after affecting the nervous system.
COMPLICATIONS
Signs and symptoms include sore throat and hoarseness, swollen glands (enlarged lymph nodes) in neck and a thick gray membrane covering the throat and tonsils, rapid breathing with difficulty, nasal discharge, fever, chills and Malaise.
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
DIPHTHERIA
Pertussis (whooping cough) is caused by bacteria that infects the mucosal layers of the human respiratory tract. It is transmitted from infected to susceptible individuals through respiratory droplets. After 7-10 days develop nose and throat inflammation and cough, and in the course of 1-2 weeks coughing spasms ending in the classical 'whoop' may occur.
Pertussis (whooping cough) vaccine is combined with other vaccines, so a person can receive protection from several diseases with one shot. DPT Vaccination consists of three doses of 0.5 ml each/IM administered to the children less than one year of age according to the following schedule:
1st dose at age (six) 06 weeks;
2nd dose at age (Ten) 10 weeks;
3rd dose at age (fourteen) 14 weeks
VACCINATION AND PREVENTION
Pneumonia (bacterial or viral), seizures, ear infections, and dehydration. Bronchopneumonia, causing relatively high mortality.
COMPLICATIONS
Early symptoms resemble that of a mild common cold such as runny nose, red watery eyes, low grade fever and cough. After a week or two thick mucus accumulates inside the airways, causing uncontrollable severe and prolonged coughing attacks that may provoke vomiting and end with a high-pitched "whoop" sound during the next breath of air.
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
PERTUSSIS
TETANUS
The vaccine is given in a combined form along with vaccines for Diphtheria and Pertussis known as DPT (Diphtheria-Per- tussis- Tetanus). The vaccine is administered to infants in 5 doses at 2, 4, 6, and 18 months of age and then again when the child is 4-6 years old, followed by a booster dose every 10 years. It is recommended that pregnant women receive the tetanus toxoid between 27 and 36 weeks of pregnancy.
VACCINATION AND PREVENTION
Spasms of the vocal cords or the muscles used for respiration can cause breathing problems; sustained muscle spasms and convulsions can result in broken bones. The effects of the disease on the nervous system can lead to high blood pressure and abnormal heart rhythms.
COMPLICATIONS
Spasms and stiffness of jaw muscles, stiffness of neck muscles, difficulty in swallowing, stiffness of abdominal muscles, painful body spasms lasting for several minutes, typically triggered by minor occurrences, such as a draft, loud noise, physical touch or light, fever, sweating, elevated blood pressure and rapid heart rate.
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
The bacteria that cause Tetanus enter through a site of injury and releases toxins which act locally and are then transported to the central nervous system (CNS) where they cause the disease symptoms. Cases occur within 4-21 days of the exposure, and most commonly, at about 10 days.
HEPATITIS B
Three doses of this vaccine are given to children in the first year at the 6th week, 10th week and the 14th weeks of age.
As with almost all other vaccines, if the dose(s) is missed, it can be given later as well.
VACCINATION AND PREVENTION
Hepatitis B infection can have immediate, deadly conse- quences. Approximately 1% of people with acute HBV infec- tions will suffer fulminant hepatitis, or acute liver failure. HBV may lead to cirrhosis, liver failure, and liver cancer.
COMPLICATIONS
Abdominal pain, dark urine, fever, joint pain, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, weakness and fatigue, yellowing of skin and the whites of eyes (jaundice).
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
Hepatitis B is a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the Hepatitis B Virus. It can cause chronic liver disease and chronic infection and puts people at high risk of death from cirrhosis of the liver and liver cancer.
The current Hib vaccine protects children as young as six weeks old. This vaccine is also used to protect older children, teens, and adults who are at increased risk for Hib disease due to certain medical conditions. The vaccine is a part of Pentavalent vaccine.
VACCINATION AND PREVENTION
The spectrum of Hib disease ranges from meningitis to pneu- monia; the types of complications vary depending on the type of Hib infection. Many of these are forms of neurologic damage, including blindness, deafness or mental retardation.
COMPLICATIONS
Symptoms usually include: Fever and chills, cough, difficulty breathing, sweating, chest pain, headache, muscle pain or aches, excessive tiredness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anxiety, stiff neck, Increased sensitivity to light (photophobia) and confusion. Babies may appear to be lethargic or irritable, or may not eat well.
Haemophilus Influenza Type B is a type of bacteria that can cause a number of different illnesses: The infection might lead to develop symptoms depending on which part of the body is affected. The most common severe types are Pneumonia (lung infection), Bacteremia (bloodstream infection) and Men- ingitis (infection of the covering of the brain and spinal cord).
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA
PNEUMONIA
Pneumococcal infection is preventable by a vaccine which is given as a shot to infants and toddlers. The vaccine helps prevent pneumococcal disease, and also stops the disease from spreading from person to person. Three doses of this vaccine are given in the first year, preferably at the 6th week, the 10th week and the 14th week. The fourth dose is given at 15 months of age. If the vaccine has not been given at above mentioned ages, it can be given later as well.
VACCINATION AND PREVENTION
Pneumococcal disease can be extremely serious and often require hospitalization. It can be fatal; survivors of pneumo- coccal meningitis may have permanent injury, including brain damage, seizures, or hearing loss.
COMPLICATIONS
Fever, sweating and shaking chills, Cough, which may produce thick, sticky fluid, Chest pain with deep breath or coughing, shortness of breath, fatigue and muscle aches, nausea, vomiting or diarrhea and headache.
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
Pneumonia is a form of acute respiratory infection that affects the lungs. The lungs are made up of small sacs called alveoli, which fill with air when a healthy person breathes. When an individual has pneumonia the alveoli are filled with pus and fluid, which makes breathing painful and limits oxygen intake.
MEASLES
Two doses of measles vaccine given to children:
First dose at 9 months of age
Second dose during the second year of life.
VACCINATION AND PREVENTION
Measles can lead to complications ranging in severity from diarrhea to swelling of the brain, with adult patients typically being subject to more severe complications.
COMPLICATIONS
Fever, dry cough, runny nose, sore throat, inflamed eyes (conjunctivitis), tiny white spots with bluish-white centers on a red background found inside the mouth on the inner lining of the cheek also called Koplik’s spots, A skin rash made up of large, flat blotches that often flow into one another.
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
The Measles virus effects the skin, respiratory system and immune system and normally grows in the cells that line the back of the throat and lungs.
ROTA VIRUS
Rotavirus vaccination is recommended for all children, starting at two months of age in a two or three dose series spread over many weeks, to be completed by the time the infant is four months old (for the two-dose series) or six months old (for the three-dose series).
VACCINATION AND PREVENTION
Children develop severe dehydration from diarrhea and vomiting. RehydratIion via liquids delivered via intravenously.
Prompt rehydration therapy usually leads to a positive outcome, but deaths from rotavirus occur if treatment or rehydration delayed.
COMPLICATIONS
The most common symptom of rotavirus infection is watery diarrhea. It may also cause fever, abdominal pain, and vomiting.
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhea in children and infants worldwide. Rotavirus spreads from the waste of an infected person to the mouth of another individual, via contamination on hands or objects such as toys.
GROWTH RECORD CHART
WEIGHT GAIN SATISFACTORY WEIGHT GAIN BELOW AVERAGE WEIGHT GAIN VERY LOW CONSULT YOUR DOCTOR
KEEP BREAST FEEDING AS LONG AS POSSIBLE, AT AGE OF 6TH MONTH START FEEDING SOLID FOODS SO THAT THE CHILD IS EATHING ALL FAIMLY
FOODS BY 18 MONTHS.
MIX 1 PACKET OF O.R.S IN 1 LITER DIRNKING WATER
& ADMINISTER AT SHORT INTERVALS
FOR DIARRHOEA (O.R.S.)
At Birth BCG OPV
6 Weeks
PENTA-1 (DPT1 + HBV1 + Hib1)
O.P.V.1 P.C.V.1 10 Weeks
O.P.V.2 P.C.V.2
PENTA-2 (DPT2 + HBV2 + Hib2)
PENTA-3 (DPT3 + HBV3 + Hib3)
O.P.V.3 P.C.V.3 14 Weeks
9 Months Measles
15 Months Measles Booster
18 Months PENTA Booster
VACCINATE TO ENSURE YOUR CHILD’S HEALTHY FUTURE
ROTARY DISTRICT COMMITTEE FOR HEALTH & DISEASE PREVENTION Pakistan National PolioPlus Committee would like to acknowledge the expert advice and contribution of:
Professor Dr. Iqbal Memon, Professor Dr. Tariq Bhutta, DG Ovais Ahmed Kohari, PP Masood Ahmed Bhalli and PP Dr. Shoaib Sohbani.
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