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Ques) Isomers of a substance must have the same. Structural formula. Physical properties. Chemical properties. Molecular formula

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Ques) Isomers of a substance must have the same

A

B

C D

Structural formula Physical properties

Chemical properties

Molecular formula

(5)

HOMEWORK SUPERSTARS

Anisha M

(6)

HOMEWORK SUPERSTARS

Himanshu Arya

(7)

HOMEWORK SUPERSTARS

Rishita

(8)

HOMEWORK SUPERSTARS

Sai Pranav

(9)

HOMEWORK SUPERSTARS

Abhay Pratap

(10)

Maximum Discount upto Rs. 2000/-

Maximum discount upto Rs 2000/-

(11)

HYDROGEN

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POSITION OF HYDROGEN IN THE PERIODIC TABLE

Position

of H

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HYDROGEN

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Resemblance and differences from alkali metals

● Hydrogen has configuration ns

1

similar to alkali metals.

● It also forms a unipositive ion.

● It forms oxides, halides, sulfides of similar formula.

● But but….

● It has no metallic character normally

and has very high IE.

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Resemblance and differences from halogens

● Hydrogen is also short by one electron to noble gas.

● It has high IE.

● It exists as diatomic molecule.

● It forms hydrides with metals.

● But But…..

● It is very less reactive non-metal as

compared to halogens.

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Isotopes of Hydrogen

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Ques) The most abundant isotope of hydrogen is:

A

B

C

D

Tritium

Deuterium

Protium

Para-hydrogen

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Ques) The most abundant isotope of hydrogen is:

A

B

C

D

Tritium

Deuterium

Protium

Para-hydrogen

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HYDRIDES

● Dihydrogen, under certain reaction

conditions, combines with almost all

elements, except noble gases, to form

binary compounds, called hydrides.

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Hydrides

Ionic or saline or salt like hydrides

Metallic or non- stoichiometric hydrides

Covalent or molecular hydrides

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Ionic or saline or salt like hydrides

● These are stoichiometric compounds of dihydrogen formed with most of the s-block elements which are highly electropositive in character.

● Ex LiH, BeH

2

and MgH

● The ionic hydrides are crystalline, non- volatile and non conducting in solid state.

● But their melt conduct electricity liberating

hydrogen at anode.

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Covalent or Molecular Hydride

● Dihydrogen forms molecular compounds with most of the p-block elements.

● Most familiar examples are CH

4

, NH

3

, H

2

O and HF.

● They are further classified into three types-

electron deficient, electron precise,

electron-rich hydrides.

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B

2

H

6

CH

4

NH

3

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Metallic or Non-stoichiometric (or Interstitial ) Hydrides

● These are formed by many d-block and f- block elements.

● However, the metals of group 7, 8 and 9 do not form hydride.

● Even from group 6 only Cr forms CrH.

● Pd and Pt can store large volumes of H

2

and

act as its storage media.

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Ques) A molten ionic hydride on electrolysis gives:

A

B

C

D

H

+

ion moving towards the cathode

H

+

ion moving towards the anode

H

2

is liberated at anode

H

2

is liberated at cathode

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Ques) A molten ionic hydride on electrolysis gives:

A

B

C

D

H

+

ion moving towards the cathode

H

+

ion moving towards the anode

H

2

is liberated at anode

H

2

is liberated at cathode

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Ques) NaH when added to water produces a large amount of energy. The hydride will be:

A

B

C

D

Interstitial hydride

Covalent hydride

Ionic hydride

All of the above

(30)

Ques) NaH when added to water produces a large amount of energy. The hydride will be:

A

B

C

D

Interstitial hydride

Covalent hydride

Ionic hydride

All of the above

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Ques) Interstitial hydrides are formed by:

A

B

C

D

d and f block elements

s and p block elements

s and d block elements

p and f block elements

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Ques) Interstitial hydrides are formed by:

A

B

C

D

d and f block elements

s and p block elements

s and d block elements

p and f block elements

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WATER

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Physical Properties of Water

● High freezing point, high boiling point, high heat of vaporisation and high heat of fusion in comparison to H

2

S and H

2

Se

● Higher specific heat, thermal conductivity,

surface tension, dipole moment and

dielectric constant.

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Structure of Water

● Highly polar molecule

● Liquid phase water molecules are

associated together by hydrogen bonds

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Structure of Ice

● Highly ordered three dimensional hydrogen bonded structure.

● Each oxygen atom is surrounded

tetrahedrally by four other oxygen atoms.

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Chemical Properties

of WATER

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Amphoteric Nature

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Auto-protolysis

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Redox Reactions Involving Water

With Na

Photosynthesis

(42)

Redox Reactions Involving Water

With F

2

(43)

Hydrolysis Reaction

(44)

Hydrates Formation

Association of water with metals during

crystallisation is called hydrate formation which

is of three types:

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Ques) How many water molecules in CuSO

4

.5H

2

O are hydrogen bonded.

A

B

C

D 1

2

3

All 5

(47)

Ques) How many water molecules in CuSO

4

.5H

2

O are hydrogen bonded.

A

B

C

D 1

2

3

All 5

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Mistakes are proof that

you are

trying

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Hard and

Soft Water

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Hard water Soft water

Definition Contains high amount of calcium or

magnesium ions

Does not contain high level of

minerals

Ions Mg and Ca

cations in form of salts.

Na cations with other ions like chloride ions Soap Does not form

lather with soap, large quantity of soap is required for washing

Forms lather with soap,

soap is not wasted

Effects Health benefits due to mineral content

Not suitable for

drinking

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Temporary Hardness

● Temporary hardness is due to the presence

of magnesium and calcium

hydrogencarbonates.

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Methods to remove temporary hardness

Boiling

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Methods to remove temporary hardness

Clark’s

method

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Permanent Hardness

● It is due to the presence of soluble salts of

magnesium and calcium in the form of

chlorides and sulphates in water.

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Methods to remove permanent hardness

Treatment with

washing soda

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Methods to remove permanent hardness

Calgon’s

method

(60)

Methods to remove permanent hardness

Ion-exchange

method

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Methods to remove permanent hardness

Synthetic

resins method

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Methods to remove permanent hardness

Synthetic

resins method

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Ques) Hardness of water is due to the presence of salts of ……… .

A

B

C

D

Potassium

Lithium

Magnesium

Boron

(66)

Ques) Hardness of water is due to the presence of salts of ……… .

A

B

C

D

Potassium

Lithium

Magnesium

Boron

(67)

Ques) Addition of washing soda removes

A

B

C

D

Softness of water

Temporary hardness of water

Permanent hardness of water

Hydrogen from water

(68)

Ques) Addition of washing soda removes

A

B

C

D

Softness of water

Temporary hardness of water

Permanent hardness of water

Hydrogen from water

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Heavy

Water

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Heavy Water

● It is extensively used as a moderator in

nuclear reactors and in exchange reactions

for the study of reaction mechanisms.

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Dihydrogen

As A Fuel

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Dihydrogen as a fuel

● Hydrogen economy is the transportation and storage of energy in the form of liquid or gaseous dihydrogen.

● Energy is transmitted in the form of dihydrogen and not as electric power.

● Used in fuel cells for generation of electric

power.

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Ques) D

2

O is used more in:

A

B

C

D

Chemical industry

Nuclear moderator

Pharmaceutical preparation

Insecticide preparations

(76)

Ques) D

2

O is used more in:

A

B

C

D

Chemical industry

Nuclear moderator

Pharmaceutical preparation

Insecticide preparations

(77)

Maximum Discount upto Rs. 2000/-

Maximum discount upto Rs 2000/-

(78)
(79)

Question Of The Day

Ques) temporary hardness can be removed by adding

A

B C D

Lime Carbon

Oxygen

Slaked lime

(80)

For any queries reach

out to me at

Sakshi.pahuja@vedantu.com

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