Nation of Nations
A Narrative History of the American Republic
F i f t h E d i t i o n
James West Davidson
William E. Gienapp
Harvard University
Christine Leigh Heyrman
University of Delaware
Mark H. Lytle
Bard College
Michael B. Stoff
University of Texas, Austin
Here is not merely a nation but
a teeming nation of nations
Walt Whitman
Boston Burr Ridge, IL Dubuque, IA Madison, WI New York San Francisco St. Louis Bangkok Bogotá Caracas Kuala Lumpur Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan Montreal New Delhi Santiago Seoul Singapore Sydney Taipei Toronto
NATION OF NATIONS: A NARRATIVE HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLIC
Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright © 2005, 2001, 1998, 1994, 1990 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning.
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ISBN 0–07–287098–2
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Page 268 From Charles A. Johnson, Frontier Camp Meeting, copyright 1955, 1985 SMU Press. Reprinted with permission. 813 From
Charles P. Kindleberg, The World in Depression, 1929–1939 (revised ed., 1986), p. 170. Copyright © 1986 The Regents of the University of California. Reprinted by permission from University of California Press. 947, 1063 From Frank Levy, Dollars and Dreams: The Changing
American Income Distribution. © 1987 Russell Sage Foundation. Used with permission of the Russell Sage Foundation. Reprinted with
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Nation of nations : a narrative history of the American republic / James West Davidson ... [et al.]. — 5th ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references (p.) and index.
ISBN 0–07–287098–2 — ISBN 0–07–287099–0 (v. 1 : pbk. : acid-free paper) — ISBN 0–07–287100–8 (v. 2 : pbk. : acid-free paper)
1. United States—History—Textbooks. I. Davidson, James West. E178.1.N346 2004
973—dc22 2004052436
www.mhhe.com
dav70982_fm_i-xxxii.qxd 07/16/04 10:38 Page ii
William E. Gienapp
1944–2003
Inevitably, contingency brings grief as well as joy. We are saddened to report the
pass-ing of our dear friend and co-author, William E. Gienapp. It would be hard to imagine
a colleague with greater dedication to his work, nor one who cared more about
con-veying both the excitement and the rigor of history to those who were not professional
historians—as has been attested by so many of his students at the University of Wyoming
and at Harvard. Bill had a quiet manner, which sometimes hid (though not for long) his
puckish sense of humor and an unstinting generosity. When news of his death was
reported, the Harvard Crimson, a student newspaper known more for its skepticism than
its sentimentality, led with the front-page headline: “Beloved History Professor Gienapp
Dies.” Bill went the extra mile, whether in searching out primary sources enabling us to
assemble a map on the environmental effects of the Lowell Mills, combing innumerable
manuscript troves in the preparation of his masterful Origins of the Republican Party, or
collecting vintage baseball caps from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries to wear (in
proper chronological sequence, no less) to his popular course on the social history of
baseball. When an illness no one could have predicted struck him down, the profession
lost one of its shining examples. His fellow authors miss him dearly.
iv
List of Maps and Charts xix
Preface to the Fifth Edition xxi
Introduction xxx
Primary Source Investigator CD-ROM xxxii
Prologue
Settling and Civilizing the Americas 2
Preview
2
Peopling the Continents
2
Cultures of Ancient Mexico 4 Cultures of the Southwest 5 Cultures of the Eastern Woodlands 6
Beyond the Mesoamerican Sphere
7
Cultures of the Great Plains 7 Cultures of the Great Basin 8 Cultures of the Subarctic and Arctic 8 Cultures of the Pacific Northwest 9
North America and the Caribbean on
the Eve of European Invasion
9
Enduring Cultures 10
The Rise of the Aztec Empire 12 Prologue Summary 14
Additional Reading 14 Significant Events 15
AFTE R TH E FACT
Historians Reconstruct the Past:
Tracking the First Americans 16Part One
The Creation of a New America
21
Chapter 1
Old World, New Worlds (1400–1600) 26
Preview
26
The Meeting of Europe, Africa, and America
29
The Portuguese Wave 29 The Spanish and Columbus 31
The European Background of American
Colonization
33
Life and Death in Early Modern Europe 33 The Conditions of Colonization 34 Europeans, Chinese, and Aztecs on the Eve of
Contact 34
Spain’s Empire in the New World
35
Spanish Conquest 36 Role of the Conquistadors 36 Spanish Colonization 37
The Effects of Colonial Growth 39
The Reformation in Europe
39
Backdrop to Reform 39
The Teachings of Martin Luther 40 The Contribution of John Calvin 41 The English Reformation 42
England’s Entry into America
43
The English Colonization of Ireland 43 Renewed Interest in the Americas 44 The Failures of Frobisher and Gilbert 45 Raleigh’s Roanoke Venture 45
A Second Attempt 48
contents
dav70982_fm_i-xxxii.qxd 06/26/04 01:08 Page iv
Chapter Summary 50 Interactive Learning 50 Additional Reading 50 Significant Events 51
Daily Lives: “Barbaric” Dress–Indian and European 46
Chapter 2
The First Century of Settlement in the Colonial South (1600–1750) 52
Preview
52
English Society on the Chesapeake
54
The Mercantilist Impulse 55 The Virginia Company 55 Reform and a Boom in Tobacco 56 Settling Down in the Chesapeake 58
The Founding of Maryland and the Renewal of Indian Wars 59
Changes in English Policy in the Chesapeake 59
Chesapeake Society in Crisis
61
The Conditions of Unrest 61
Bacon’s Rebellion and Coode’s Rebellion 61 From Servitude to Slavery 62
Africa and the Atlantic Slave Trade 63 A Changing Chesapeake Society 66 The Chesapeake Gentry 67
From the Caribbean to the Carolinas
68
Paradise Lost 69 The Founding of the
Carolinas 70 Early Instability 73 White, Red, and Black:
The Search for Order 74 The Founding of Georgia 75
The Spanish Borderlands
76
Chapter Summary 80 Interactive Learning 80 Additional Reading 80 Significant Events 81
Daily Lives: A Taste for Sugar 72
Chapter 3
The First Century of Settlement in the Colonial North (1600–1700) 82
Preview
82
The Founding of New England
84
The Puritan Movement 85
The Pilgrim Settlement at Plymouth Colony 86 The Puritan Settlement at Massachusetts Bay 87
New England Communities
89
Stability and Order in Early New England 89 Congregational Church Order 91
Colonial Governments 92 Communities in Conflict 92 Heretics 93
Goodwives and Witches 95
Whites and Indians in Early New England 97
Effect of Old World diseases 98
The Mid-Atlantic Colonies
98
The Founding of New Netherlands 98 English Rule in New York 99 The League of the Iroquois 100 The Founding of New Jersey 101 Quaker Odysseys 101
Patterns of Settlement 102 Quakers and Politics 103
Adjustment to Empire
103
The Dominion of New England 104
The Aftershocks of the Glorious Revolution 105 Leisler’s Rebellion 105
Royal Authority in America in 1700 106 Chapter Summary 107
Interactive Learning 107 Additional Reading 107 Significant Events 108
Daily Lives: A World of Wonders and Witchcraft 94
Chapter 4
The Mosaic of Eighteenth-Century America (1689–1771) 110
Preview
110
Forces of Division
112
Immigration and Natural Increase 112 The Settlement of the Backcountry 113 Social Conflict on the Frontier 116 Boundary Disputes and Tenant Wars 117 Eighteenth-Century Seaports 119 Social Conflict in Seaports 121
Slave Societies in the Eighteenth-Century South
122
The Slave Family and Community 123
Slavery and Colonial Society in French Louisiana 124 Slave Resistance in Eighteenth-Century British North
Enlightenment and Awakening in America
126
The Enlightenment in America 126 The First Great Awakening 127
The Aftermath of the Great Awakening 128
Anglo-American Worlds of the Eighteenth
Century
129
English Economic and Social Development 130 The Consumer Revolution 130
Inequality in England and America 131 Politics in England and America 132 The Imperial System before 1760 134
Toward the Seven Years’ War
135
Chapter Summary 136 Interactive Learning 137 Additional Reading 137 Significant Events 138
Daily Lives:Transatlantic Trials 114
Part Two
The Creation of a New
Republic
139
Chapter 5
Toward the War for American Independence (1754–1776) 144
Preview
144
The Seven Years’ War
145
The Years of Defeat 145 The Years of Victory 147 Postwar Expectations 147
The Imperial Crisis
149
New Troubles on the Frontier 151 George Grenville’s New Measures 151 The Beginning of Colonial Resistance 152 Riots and Resolves 154
Repeal of the Stamp Act 155 The Townshend Acts 156 The Resistance Organizes 157 The International Sons of Liberty 160 The Boston Massacre 160
Resistance Revived 161 The Empire Strikes Back 162
Toward the Revolution
163
The First Continental Congress 164
The Last Days of the British Empire in America 165 The Fighting Begins 166
Common Sense 167
vi
Contents
Chapter Summary 168 Interactive Learning 168 Additional Reading 168 Significant Events 169Daily Lives: Street Theater 158
Chapter 6
The American People and the
American Revolution (1775–1783) 170
Preview
170
The Decision for Independence
172
The Second Continental Congress 172 The Declaration 172
American Loyalists 175
The Fighting in the North
175
The Two Armies at Bay 176 Laying Strategies 177
The Campaigns in New York and New Jersey 178 Capturing Philadelphia 180
Disaster at Saratoga 182
The Turning Point
182
The American Revolution Becomes a Global War 182 Winding Down the War in the North 183
War in the West 184
The Home Front in the North 185
The Struggle in the South
185
The Siege of Charleston 186
The Partisan Struggle in the South 186 Greene Takes Command 187
African Americans in the Age of Revolution 189
The World Turned Upside Down
190
Surrender at Yorktown 191
The Significance of a Revolution 191 Chapter Summary 193
Interactive Learning 194 Additional Reading 194 Significant Events 195
Daily Lives: Radical Chic and the Revolutionary Generation 178
Chapter 7
Crisis and Constitution (1776–1789) 196
Preview
196
Republican Experiments
197
The State Constitutions 198 From Congress to Confederation 199 dav70982_fm_i-xxxii.qxd 06/26/04 01:08 Page vi
The Temptations of Peace
200
The Temptations of the West 200 Foreign Intrigues 200
Disputes among the States 202 The More Democratic West 203 The Northwest Territory 204 Slavery and Sectionalism 206 Wartime Economic Disruption 207
Republican Society
209
The New Men of the Revolution 209 The New Women of the Revolution 210 Mary Wollstonecraft’s Vindication 211 Republican Motherhood and Education 212 The Attack on Aristocracy 212
From Confederation to Constitutions
213
The Jay-Gardoqui Treaty 214 Shays’s Rebellion 215
Framing a Federal Constitution 216 The Virginia and New Jersey Plans 217 The Deadlock Broken 217
Ratification 219
Changing Revolutionary Ideals 220 Chapter Summary 221
Interactive Learning 222 Additional Reading 222 Significant Events 223
Daily Lives: The Spirits of Independence 214
AFTE R TH E FACT
Historians Reconstruct the Past:
White and Black Southerners Worshiping Together 224Chapter 8
The Republic Launched (1789–1801) 228
Preview
228
1789: A Social Portrait
230
The Semisubsistence Economy of Crèvecoeur’s America 231
The Commercial Economy of Franklin’s America 232 The Constitution and Commerce 235
The New Government
235
Washington’s Character 235 Organizing the Government 236 The Bill of Rights 237
Hamilton’s Financial Program 237 Opposition to Hamilton’s Program 239 The Specter of Aristocracy 241
Expansion and Turmoil in the
West
241
The Resistance of the Miami 241
The Whiskey Rebellion 241 Pinckney’s Treaty 242
The Emergence of Political
Parties
242
Americans and the French Revolution 243 Washington’s Neutral
Course 244
The Federalists and Republicans Organize 245 The 1796 Election 246
Federalist and Republican Ideologies 247
The Presidency of John Adams
248
The Naval War with France 248 Suppression at Home 249 The Election of 1800 251
Political Violence in the Early Republic 252 Chapter Summary 254
Interactive Learning 254 Additional Reading 255 Significant Events 255
Daily Lives: Exploring the Wondrous World 250
Chapter 9
The Jeffersonian Republic (1801–1824) 256
Preview
256
Jefferson in Power
258
The New Capital City 258
Jefferson’s Character and Philosophy 259 Republican Principles 260
Jefferson’s Economic Policies 260 John Marshall and Judicial Review 261 The Jeffersonian Attack on the Judiciary 262
Jefferson and Western Expansion
262
The Louisiana Purchase 263 Lewis and Clark 264
Whites and Indians on the Frontier
265
The Course of White Settlement 265 A Changing Environment 266 The Second Great Awakening 266 Pressure on Indian Lands and Culture 270 The Prophet, Tecumseh, and the Pan-Indian
Movement 271
The Second War for American Independence
273
The Barbary Pirates and Cultural Identities 274 Neutral Rights 276
The Embargo 276
Madison and the Young Republicans 277 The Decision for War 277
National Unpreparedness 278
“A Chance Such as Will Never Occur Again” 278 The British Invasion 279
The Hartford Convention 281
America Turns Inward
281
The Missouri Crisis 282 Monroe’s Presidency 283 Monroe Doctrine 284
Improved relations with Britain 284
The End of an Era 285 Chapter Summary 285 Interactive Learning 286 Additional Reading 286 Significant Events 287
Daily Lives:The Frontier Camp Meeting 268
AFTE R TH E FACT
Historians Reconstruct the Past:
Sally Hemings and Thomas Jefferson 288Part Three
The Republic Transformed and
Tested
293
Chapter 10
The Opening of America (1815–1850) 298
Preview
298
The Market Revolution
299
The New Nationalism 300 The Cotton Trade 300
The Transportation Revolution 301 The Canal Age 301
Steamboats and Railroads 302
Agriculture in the Market Economy 303
John Marshall and the Promotion of Enterprise 304 General Incorporation Laws 308
A Restless Temper
308
A People in Motion 308 Population Growth 309 The Federal Land Rush 310 Geographic Mobility 311 Urbanization 311
viii
Contents
The Rise of Factories
312
Technological Advances 313 The Postal System 314 Textile Factories 314
Lowell and the Environment 316 Industrial Work 317
The Shoe Industry 318 The Labor Movement 319
Social Structures of the Market Society
319
Economic Specialization 319 Materialism 320
The Emerging Middle Class 320 The Distribution of Wealth 322 Social Mobility 322
A New Sensitivity to Time 323
The Market at Work: Three Examples 323
Prosperity and Anxiety
325
The Panic of 1819 326 Chapter Summary 326 Interactive Learning 327 Additional Reading 327 Significant Events 328
Daily Lives: Floating Palaces of the West 306
Chapter 11
The Rise of Democracy (1824–1840) 330
Preview
330
Equality and Opportunity
332
The Tension between Equality and Opportunity 334
The New Political Culture of Democracy
334
The Election of 1824 335 Anti-Masonry and the Defense of
Equality 335
Social Sources of the New Politics 336
Male suffrage in Europe and Latin America 337
The Acceptance of Parties 338 The Politics of the Common Man 338
Jackson’s Rise to Power
339
John Quincy Adams’s Presidency 339 President of the People 340
The Political Agenda in the Market Economy 341
Democracy and Race
341
Accommodate or Resist? 342 Trail of Tears 343
Free Blacks in the North 345
The African American Community 346 The Minstrel Show 347
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The Nullification Crisis
348
The Growing Crisis in South Carolina 348 Calhoun’s Theory of Nullification 349 The Nullifiers Nullified 350
The Bank War
350
The National Bank and the Panic of 1819 351 Biddle’s Bank 351
The Clash between Jackson and Biddle 352 The Bank Destroyed 352
Jackson’s Impact on the Presidency 353
Van Buren and Depression
354
“Van Ruin’s” Depression 355 The Whigs’ Triumph 355
The Jacksonian Party System
356
Democrats, Whigs, and the Market 356 The Social Bases of the Two Parties 358 The Triumph of the Market 358 Chapter Summary 359
Interactive Learning 360 Additional Reading 360 Significant Events 361
Daily Lives: The Plain Dark Democracy of Broadcloth 332
Chapter 12
The Fires of Perfection (1820–1850) 362
Preview
362
Revivalism and the Social Order 363
Finney’s New Measures 364 The Philosophy of the New
Revivals 365
Religion and the Market Economy 365 The Rise of African American
Churches 366
The Significance of the Second Great Awakening 367
Women’s Sphere
367
Women and Revivalism 367 The Ideal of Domesticity 367
Domesticity in Europe 369
The Middle-Class Family in Transition 369
American Romanticism
370
Emerson and Transcendentalism 372
The Clash between Nature and Civilization 373 Songs of the Self-Reliant and Darker Loomings 374
The Age of Reform
375
Utopian Communities 375 The Mormon Experience 376 Socialist Communities 377 The Temperance Movement 378
Educational Reform 379 The Asylum Movement 379
Abolitionism
380
The Beginnings of the Abolitionist Movement 381 The Spread of Abolitionism 382
Opponents and Divisions 384 The Women’s Rights Movement 385 The Schism of 1840 385
Reform Shakes the Party System
386
Women and the Right to Vote 386 The Maine Law 387
Abolitionism and the Party System 387 Chapter Summary 388
Interactive Learning 389 Additional Reading 389 Significant Events 390
Daily Lives: Privacy Begins at Home 370
Chapter 13
The Old South (1820–1860) 392
Preview
392
The Social Structure of the Cotton Kingdom
394
The Boom Country Economy 394 The Upper South’s New Orientation 396 The Rural South 397
Distribution of Slavery 398 Slavery as a Labor System 399
Class Structure of the White South
400
The Slaveowners 401 Tidewater and Frontier 401 The Master at Home 403 The Plantation Mistress 404 Yeoman Farmers 405 Poor Whites 406
The Peculiar Institution
407
Work and Discipline 407 Slave Maintenance 408 Resistance 409
Slave revolts in Latin America 409
Slave Culture
410
The Slave Family 411 Slave Songs and Stories 412 Steal Away to Jesus 413 The Slave Community 416 Free Black Southerners 416
Southern Society and the
Defense of Slavery
417
The Virginia Debate of 1832 417 The Proslavery Argument 418 Closing Ranks 419
Chapter Summary 421 Interactive Learning 422 Additional Reading 422 Significant Events 423
Daily Lives:A Slave’s Daily Bread 414
Chapter 14
Western Expansion and the Rise of the Slavery Issue (1820–1850) 424
Preview
424
Manifest (and Not So Manifest)
Destiny
427
The Roots of the Doctrine 427 The Mexican Borderlands 428 The Texas Revolution 429 The Texas Republic 430
The Trek West
431
The Overland Trail 431
Women on the Overland Trail 432 Indians and the Trail Experience 433
The Political Origins of Expansion
435
Tyler’s Texas Ploy 436 Van Overboard 436 To the Pacific 437 The Mexican War 437 Opposition to the War 439 The Price of Victory 439 The Rise of the Slavery Issue 440
New Societies in the West
441
Farming in the West 441 The Gold Rush 441
Instant City: San Francisco 443 The Migration from China 444 The Mormons in Utah 445 Temple City: Salt Lake City 446 Shadows on the Moving Frontier 447
Escape from Crisis
448
A Two-Faced Campaign 449 The Compromise of 1850 450 Away from the Brink 452 Chapter Summary 453 Interactive Learning 454 Additional Reading 454 Significant Events 455
Daily Lives:Seeing the Elephant on the Overland Trail 434
x
Contents
Chapter 15
The Union Broken (1850–1861) 456
Preview
456
Sectional Changes in American Society
458
The Growth of a Railroad Economy 459 Railroads and the Prairie Environment 461 Railroads and the Urban Environment 462 Rising Industrialization 462
Immigration 463
The revolutions of 1848 464
Southern Complaints 465
The Political Realignment of the 1850s
466
The Kansas-Nebraska Act 466
The Collapse of the Second American Party System 467 The Know-Nothings 468
The Republicans and Bleeding Kansas 469 The Caning of Charles Sumner 470 The Election of 1856 470
The Worsening Crisis
472
The Dred Scott Decision 472 The Panic of 1857 473
The Lecompton Constitution 473 The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 474 The Beleaguered South 476
The Road to War
477
A Sectional Election 477 Secession 479
The Outbreak of War 480 The Roots of a Divided Society 481 Chapter Summary 483
Interactive Learning 484 Additional Reading 484 Significant Events 485
Daily Lives: Uncle Tom by Footlights 478
Chapter 16
Total War and the Republic (1861–1865) 486
Preview
486
The Demands of Total War
488
Political Leadership 489 The Border States 490
Opening Moves
491
Blockade and Isolate 491 Grant in the West 491 Eastern Stalemate 493
Emancipation
495
The Logic of Events 496 dav70982_fm_i-xxxii.qxd 06/26/04 01:08 Page x
The Emancipation Proclamation 496 African Americans’ Civil War 497 Black Soldiers 498
The Confederate Home Front
498
The New Economy 499
New Opportunities for Southern Women 499 Confederate Finance and Government 500 Hardship and Suffering 501
The Union Home Front
502
Government Finances and the Economy 502 A Rich Man’s War 504
Women and the Workforce 504 Civil Liberties and Dissent 506
Gone to Be a Soldier
507
Discipline 508 Camp Life 510
The Changing Face of Battle 511 Hardening Attitudes 513
The Union’s Triumph
513
Confederate High Tide 514 Lincoln Finds His General 514 War in the Balance 516
Abolition as a global movement 517
The Twilight of the Confederacy 517
The Impact of War
520
The war’s effect on the cotton trade worldwide 521
Chapter Summary 522 Interactive Learning 523 Additional Reading 523 Significant Events 524
Daily Lives: Hardtack, Salt Horse, and Coffee 508
AFTE R TH E FACT
Historians Reconstruct the Past:
What Caused the New York Draft Riots? 525Chapter 17
Reconstructing the Union (1865–1877) 530
Preview
530
Presidential Reconstruction
531
Lincoln’s 10 Percent Plan 532 The Mood of the South 533
Johnson’s Program of Reconstruction 533 The Failure of Johnson’s Program 534 Johnson’s Break with Congress 535
The Fourteenth Amendment 536 The Elections of 1866 537
Congressional Reconstruction
537
Post-Emancipation Societies in the Americas 538 The Land Issue 538
Impeachment 539
Reconstruction in the South
540
Black Office Holding 540
White Republicans in the South 541 The New State Governments 542 Economic Issues and Corruption 542
Black Aspirations
543
Experiencing Freedom 543 The Black Family 545
The Schoolhouse and the Church 546 New Working Conditions 547 The Freedmen’s Bureau 548 Planters and a New Way of Life 549
The Abandonment of Reconstruction
550
The Election of Grant 550 The Grant Administration 551 Growing Northern Disillusionment 553 The Triumph of White Supremacy 553 The Disputed Election of 1876 555
Racism and the Failure of Reconstruction 556 Chapter Summary 557
Interactive Learning 558 Additional Reading 558 Significant Events 559
Daily Lives: The Black Sharecropper’s Cabin 544
Part Four
The United States in an Industrial
Age
561
Chapter 18
The New South and the Trans-Mississippi West (1870–1896) 566
Preview
566
The Southern Burden
568
Agriculture in the New South 568 Tenancy and Sharecropping 569
Debt peonage in India, Egypt, and Brazil 570
Southern Industry 570 Timber and Steel 572
Life in the New South
573
Rural Life 574 The Church 574 Segregation 576Western Frontiers
578
Western Landscapes 579 Indian Peoples and the WesternEnvironment 579 Whites and the Western
Environment: Competing Visions 580
The War for the West
582
Contact and Conflict 582 Custer’s Last Stand—and the
Indians’ 583
Killing with Kindness 585 Borderlands 587
Ethno-Racial Identity in the New West 588
Boom and Bust in the West
589
Mining Sets a Pattern 589 The Transcontinental
Railroad 591 Cattle Kingdom 593
The Final Frontier
595
A Rush for Land 595 Farming on the Plains 595 A Plains Existence 596 The Urban Frontier 597
The West and the World Economy 599 Packaging and Exporting the “Wild West” 600 Chapter Summary 602
Interactive Learning 603 Additional Reading 603 Significant Events 604
Daily Lives:The Frontier Kitchen of the Plains 598
AFTE R TH E FACT
Historians Reconstruct the Past:
Where Have All the Bison Gone? 605Chapter 19
The New Industrial Order (1870–1900) 610
Preview
610
The Development of Industrial Systems
612
Natural Resources and Industrial Technology 613 Systematic Invention 614
Transportation and Communication 615
xii
Contents
Finance Capital 618 The Corporation 618
An International Pool of Labor 619
Railroads: America’s First Big Business
620
A Managerial Revolution 621 Competition and Consolidation 621 The Challenge of Finance 622
The Growth of Big Business
624
Strategies of Growth 624 Carnegie Integrates Steel 625
Rockefeller and the Great Standard Oil Trust 626 The Mergers of J. Pierpont Morgan 627
Corporate Defenders 628 Corporate Critics 629
The Costs of Doing Business 630
The Workers’ World
631
Industrial Work 631
Children, Women, and African Americans 633 The American Dream of Success 633
The Systems of Labor
634
Early Unions 635 The Knights of Labor 635
The American Federation of Labor 636 The Limits of Industrial Systems 636 Management Strikes 638
Chapter Summary 640 Interactive Learning 640 Additional Reading 640 Significant Events 641
Daily Lives: The Rise of Information Systems 616
Chapter 2 0
The Rise of an Urban Order (1870–1900) 642
Preview
642
A New Urban Age
643
The Urban Explosion 644 The Great Global Migration 644 The Shape of the City 647 Urban Transport 648 Bridges and Skyscrapers 649 Slum and Tenement 650
Running and Reforming
the City
651
Boss Rule 651 Rewards, Costs, and
Accomplishments 652
Nativism, Revivals, and the Social Gospel 653 The Social Settlement Movement 654 dav70982_fm_i-xxxii.qxd 06/26/04 01:08 Page xii
City Life
654
The Immigrant in the City 654 Urban Middle-Class Life 657
Victorianism and the Pursuit of Virtue 657 Challenges to Convention 659
City Culture
659
Public Education in an Urban Industrial World 659 Higher Learning and the Rise of the Professional 661 Higher Education for Women 661
A Culture of Consumption 662 Leisure 663
City Entertainment at Home and on the Road 664 Chapter Summary 668
Interactive Learning 668 Additional Reading 668 Significant Events 669
Daily Lives: The Vaudeville Show 666
Chapter 2 1
The Political System under Strain (1877–1900) 670
Preview
670
The Politics of Paralysis
672
Political Stalemate 672 The Parties 673 The Issues 674
The White House from Hayes to Harrison 676 Ferment in the States and Cities 677
The Revolt of the Farmers
678
The Harvest of Discontent 678
The Origins of the Farmers’ Alliance 679 The Alliance Peaks 680
The Election of 1892 681 The Rise of Jim Crow Politics 682 The African American Response 682
The New Realignment
684
The Depression of 1893 684 The Rumblings of Unrest 685 The Battle of the Standards 686 McKinley in the White House 688
Visions of Empire
689
European Expansion Worldwide 689 The Shapers of American Imperialism 690 Looking to Latin America 695
Reprise in the Pacific 695
The Imperial Moment
696
Mounting Tensions 696 The Imperial War 698 War in Cuba 698
Peace and the Debate over Empire 699
From Colonial War to Colonial Rule 702 An Open Door in China 703
Chapter Summary 704 Interactive Learning 705 Additional Reading 705 Significant Events 706
Daily Lives: The New Navy 692
AFTE R TH E FACT
Historians Reconstruct the Past:
Engendering the Spanish-American War 707Chapter 22
The Progressive Era (1890–1920) 712
Preview
712
The Roots of Progressive Reform
714
The Progressive System of Beliefs 715 The Pragmatic Approach 715 The Progressive Method 716
The Search for the Good Society
717
Poverty in a New Light 717
Expanding the “Woman’s Sphere” 718 Social Welfare 719
Woman Suffrage 720
Militant suffragists 720
Controlling the Masses
722
Stemming the Immigrant Tide 723
The Curse of Demon Rum 724 Prostitution 725
“For Whites Only” 725
The Politics of Municipal
and State Reform
726
The Reformation of the Cities 727 Progressivism in the States 727
Progressivism Goes to Washington
729
TR 729
A Square Deal 730
Bad Food and Pristine Wilds 732 The Troubled Taft 734
Roosevelt Returns 735 The Election of 1912 736
Woodrow Wilson and the Politics of Morality
737
Early Career 737
The Reforms of the New Freedom 737 Labor and Social Reform 739 The Limits of Progressive Reform 739 Chapter Summary 740
Interactive Learning 741 Additional Reading 741 Significant Events 742
Daily Lives:“Amusing the Million” 722
Chapter 23
The United States and the Old World Order (1901–1920) 744
Preview
744
Progressive Diplomacy
746
Big Stick in the Caribbean 746 A “Diplomatist of the Highest Rank” 747 Dollar Diplomacy 748
Woodrow Wilson and Moral
Diplomacy
748
Missionary Diplomacy 749 Intervention in Mexico 750
The Road to War
751
The Guns of August 752 Neutral but Not Impartial 753 The Diplomacy of Neutrality 755
Peace, Preparedness, and the Election of 1916 756 Wilson’s Final Peace Offensive 756
War and Society
758
The Slaughter of Stalemate 758 “You’re in the Army Now” 759 Mobilizing the Economy 760 War Work 761
Great Migrations 763
Propaganda and Civil Liberties 763 Over There 765
The Influenza Pandemic of 1918–1919 766
The Lost Peace
768
The Treaty of Versailles 769 The Battle for the Treaty 771 Red Scare 772
Chapter Summary 776 Interactive Learning 776 Additional Reading 776 Significant Events 777
Daily Lives:The Doughboys Abroad 770
Part Five
The Perils of Democracy
779
Chapter 24
The New Era (1920–1929) 784
Preview
784
xiv
Contents
The Roaring Economy
786
Technology and Consumer Spending 786 The Booming Construction Industry 787 The Automobile 787
The Business of America 790 Welfare Capitalism 790 The Consumer Culture 791
A Mass Society
792
A “New Woman” 793 Mass Media 796 Youth Culture 798 “Ain’t We Got Fun?” 798 The Art of Alienation 799 A “New Negro” 800
Defenders of the Faith
800
Nativism and Immigration Restriction 801 The “Noble Experiment” 802
Fundamentalism versus Darwinism 804 KKK 805
Republicans Ascendant
807
The Politics of “Normalcy” 807 The Policies of Mellon and Hoover 808 Distress Signals at Home and Abroad 809 The Election of 1928 810
The Great Bull Market
811
The Rampaging Bull 812 The Great Crash 812
The Sickening Slide in Global Perspective 813 The Causes of the Great Depression 814 Chapter Summary 815
Interactive Learning 816 Additional Reading 816 Significant Events 817
Daily Lives: The Beauty Contest 794
Chapter 2 5
The Great Depression and the New Deal (1929–1939) 818
Preview
818
The Human Impact of the Great Depression
819
Hard Times 820
The Golden Age of Radio and Film 821 “Dirty Thirties”: An Ecological Disaster 822 Mexican Americans and Repatriation 824 African Americans in the Depression 825
The Tragedy of Herbert Hoover
825
The Failure of Relief 826
The Hoover Depression Program 827 Stirrings of Discontent 828
The Bonus Army 829 The Election of 1932 830 dav70982_fm_i-xxxii.qxd 07/16/04 10:39 Page xiv
The Early New Deal (1933–1935)
831
The Democratic Roosevelts 831 Saving the Banks 832
Relief for the Unemployed 833 Planning for Industrial
Recovery 834
Planning for Agriculture 836 Recovery in Global Perspective 837
A Second New Deal (1935–1936)
838
Voices of Protest 838
The Second Hundred Days 840 The Election of 1936 841
The American People under the New Deal
842
The New Deal and Western Water 842 The Limited Reach of the New Deal 843 Tribal Rights 845
A New Deal for Women 846 The Rise of Organized Labor 847 Campaigns of the CIO 848 “Art for the Millions” 850
The End of the New Deal (1937–1940)
851
Packing the Courts 851 The New Deal at Bay 853
Recovery abroad 854
The Legacy of the New Deal 855 Chapter Summary 857
Interactive Learning 857 Additional Reading 858 Significant Events 859
Daily Lives: Post Office Murals 852
Chapter 2 6
America’s Rise to Globalism (1927–1945) 860
Preview
860
The United States in a Troubled World
862
Pacific Interests 862
Becoming a Good Neighbor 863 The Diplomacy of Isolationism 863 Neutrality Legislation 864 Inching toward War 866 Hitler’s Invasion 866 Retreat from Isolationism 867 Disaster in the Pacific 869
A Global War
870
Strategies for War 870 Gloomy Prospects 872 A Grand Alliance 873
The Naval War in the Pacific 873 Turning Points in Europe 874
Those Who Fought
875
Minorities at War 875 Women at War 877
War Production
877
Finding an Industrial Czar 878 Science Goes to War 879 War Work and Prosperity 880 Organized Labor 881 Women Workers 881 Global Labor Migrations 882
A Question of Rights
883
Little Italy 883
Concentration Camps 884 Minorities on the Job 886 At War with Jim Crow 887 The New Deal in Retreat 888
Winning the War and the Peace
888
The Fall of the Third Reich 889 Two Roads to Tokyo 890 Big Three Diplomacy 891 The Road to Yalta 893 The Fallen Leader 895 The Holocaust 895 A Lasting Peace 897 Atom Diplomacy 897 Chapter Summary 899 Interactive Learning 900 Additional Reading 900 Significant Events 901
Daily Lives: Air Power Shrinks the Globe 892
AFTE R TH E FACT
Historians Reconstruct the Past:
Did the Atomic Bomb Save Lives? 902
Part Six
The United States in a Nuclear
Age
907
Chapter 27
Cold War America (1945–1954) 912
Preview
912
The Rise of the Cold War
913
Cracks in the Alliance 914 The View from West and East 915 Toward Containment 915 The Truman Doctrine 916
The Marshall Plan 917 The Fall of Eastern Europe 917
The Atomic Shield versus the Iron Curtain 918 Atomic Deterrence 920
Postwar Prosperity
921
Postwar Adjustments 921 Truman under Attack 924 A Welfare Program for GIs 926 The Election of 1948 927 The Fair Deal 928
The Cold War at Home
928
The Shocks of 1949 929 The Loyalty Crusade 930
HUAC, Hollywood, and Unions 930 The Ambitions of Senator McCarthy 931
From Cold War to Hot War and Back
933
Police Action 933 The Chinese Intervene 935 Truman versus MacArthur 936
The Global Implications of the Cold War 936 The Election of 1952 937
The Fall of McCarthy 938 Chapter Summary 940 Interactive Learning 940 Additional Reading 940 Significant Events 941
Daily Lives:Jackie Robinson Integrates Baseball 924
Chapter 2 8
The Suburban Era (1945–1963) 942
Preview
942
The Rise of the Suburbs
944
A Boom in Babies and in Housing 944
The boom worldwide 944
Cities and Suburbs Transformed 946
The Culture of Suburbia
948
American Civil Religion 949
“Homemaking” Women in the Workaday World 949 A Revolution in Sexuality? 952
The Flickering Gray Screen 953
The Politics of Calm
954
Eisenhower’s Modern Republicanism 954 The Conglomerate World 955
Cracks in the Consensus
956
Critics of Mass Culture 956 The Rebellion of Young America 957
Nationalism in an Age of Superpowers
958
To the Brink? 959
xvi
Contents
Brinkmanship in Asia 959
The Covert Side of the New Look 961 Rising Nationalism 962
The Response to Sputnik 964 Thaws and Freezes 964
The Cold War along a New Frontier
965
The Election of 1960 965
The Hard-Nosed Idealists of Camelot 966 The (Somewhat) New Frontier at Home 967
Kennedy’s Cold War
968
Cold War Frustrations 968 Confronting Khrushchev 969 The Missiles of October 970 Chapter Summary 973 Interactive Learning 974 Additional Reading 974 Significant Events 975
Daily Lives: The New Suburbia 950
Chapter 2 9
Civil Rights and the Crisis of Liberalism (1947–1969) 976
Preview
976
The Civil Rights Movement
979
The Changing South and African Americans 979 The NAACP and Civil Rights 980
The Brown Decision 981 Latino Civil Rights 982 A New Civil Rights Strategy 983 Little Rock and the White Backlash 984
A Movement Becomes a Crusade
985
Riding to Freedom 986 Civil Rights at High Tide 987 The Fire Next Time 989 Black Power 989
Violence in the Streets 990
Lyndon Johnson and the Great Society
991
The Origins of the Great Society 993 The Election of 1964 994
The Great Society 994
Immigration reform 995
Evaluating the Great Society 996 The Reforms of the Warren Court 996
The Counterculture
998
Activists on the New Left 998 Vatican II and American Catholics 1000 The Rise of the Counterculture 1000 The Rock Revolution 1001
The West Coast Scene 1004 dav70982_fm_i-xxxii.qxd 06/26/04 01:08 Page xvi
Chapter Summary 1005 Interactive Learning 1006 Additional Reading 1006 Significant Events 1007
Daily Lives: The Politics of Dress 1002
Chapter 3 0
The Vietnam Era (1963–1975) 1008
Preview
1008
The Road to Vietnam
1011
Lyndon Johnson’s War 1012 Rolling Thunder 1013
Social Consequences of the War
1015
The Soldiers’ War 1015 The War at Home 1017
The Unraveling
1018
Tet Offensive 1018 The Shocks of 1968 1021 Chicago 1022 Revolutionary clashes worldwide 1022Whose Silent Majority? 1023
Nixon’s War
1024
Vietnamization—and Cambodia 1025 Fighting a No-Win War 1025 The Move toward Détente 1026
The New Identity Politics
1030
Latino Activism 1030
The Choices of American Indians 1032 Asian Americans 1033
Gay Rights 1034 Feminism 1034
Equal Rights and Abortion 1036 The Legacy of Identity Politics 1036
The End of an Era
1037
Chapter Summary 1038 Interactive Learning 1039 Additional Reading 1039 Significant Events 1040
Daily Lives: The Race to the Moon 1028
Chapter 3 1
The Age of Limits (1965–1980) 1042
Preview
1042
The Limits of Reform
1043
Consumerism 1044 Environmentalism 1045
Watergate and the Politics of Resentment
1048
Nixon’s New Federalism 1048 Stagflation 1049
Social Policies and the Court 1049 Us versus Them 1050
Triumph 1051
The President’s Enemies 1051 Break-In 1052
To the Oval Office 1052 Resignation 1054
A Ford, Not a Lincoln
1054
Kissinger and Foreign Policy 1055
Global Competition and the Limits of American Influence 1055
Shuttle Diplomacy 1057 Détente 1057
The Limits of a Post-Watergate President 1058 Fighting Inflation 1059
The Election of 1976 1060
Jimmy Carter: Restoring the Faith
1061
The Search for Direction 1061 A Sick Economy 1062
Leadership, Not Hegemony 1063 The Wavering Spirit of Détente 1064 The Middle East: Hope and Hostages 1065 A President Held Hostage 1066
Chapter Summary 1067 Interactive Learning 1067 Additional Reading 1067 Significant Events 1068
Daily Lives: Fast-Food America 1046
AFTE R TH E FACT
Historians Reconstruct the Past:
The Contested Ground of Collective Memory 1069Chapter 32
The Conservative Challenge (1980–1992) 1074
Preview
1074
The Conservative Rebellion
1076
The conservative tide worldwide 1076
Born Again 1077
The Catholic Conscience 1078 The Media as Battleground 1078 The Election of 1980 1079
Prime Time with Ronald Reagan
1080
The Reagan Agenda 1081
The Reagan Revolution in Practice 1082 The Supply-Side Scorecard 1082 The Military Buildup 1084
Standing Tall in a Chaotic World
1085
Terrorism in the Middle East 1085
Mounting Frustrations in Central America 1086 The Iran-Contra Connection 1086
Cover Blown 1088
From Cold War to Glasnost 1089 The Election of 1988 1090
An End to the Cold War
1090
A Post–Cold War Foreign Policy 1090 The Gulf War 1091
Domestic Doldrums 1092 The Conservative Court 1093 Disillusionment and Anger 1096 The Election of 1992 1097 Chapter Summary 1098 Interactive Learning 1099 Additional Reading 1099 Significant Events 1100
Daily Lives:Life in the Underclass 1094
Chapter 33
Nation of Nations in a Global Community (1980–2000) 1102
Preview
1102
The New Immigration
1104
The New Look of America—Asian Americans 1105 The New Look of America—Latinos 1107 Illegal Immigration 1107
Links with the Home Country 1110 Religious Diversity 1110
The Clinton Presidency: Managing
a New Global Order
1111
Clinton: Ambitions and Character 1112 The New World Disorder 1112 Yugoslavian Turmoil 1113 Middle East Peace 1114 Global Financial Disorder 1115
The Clinton Presidency on Trial
1116
Recovery without Reform 1116
The Conservative Revolution Reborn 1117 Conservatives and the Feminist Agenda 1118 Scandal 1119
The Politics of Surplus 1120
Hanging by a Chad: The Election of 2000 1121
xviii
Contents
The United States in a Networked
World
1123
The Internet Revolution 1123 American Workers in a Two-Tiered
Economy 1125
Multiculturalism and Contested
American Identity
1126
African Americans and the Persistence of the Racial Divide 1126
African Americans in a Full-Employment Economy 1128
Global Pressures in a Multicultural America 1130
Chapter Summary 1132 Interactive Learning 1133 Additional Reading 1133 Significant Events 1134
Daily Lives: Motels as an Ethnic Niche 1108
Epilogue
Fighting Terrorism in a Global Age (2000–2003) 1136
Preview
1136
The Bush Agenda
1138
Conservative Domestic Initiatives 1139 Unilateralism in Foreign Affairs 1141
Wars on Terrorism
1141
The Roots of Terror 1142 Afghanistan and a1 Qaeda 1143 The War on Terror: First Phase 1145 The Invasion of Iraq 1147
A Messy Aftermath 1149 Chapter Summary 1150 Additional Reading 1151 Significant Events 1152
Appendix A-1
The Declaration of Independence
A-1
The Constitution of the United States of America
A-4
Presidential Elections
A-14
Presidential Administrations
A-18
Justices of the Supreme Court
A-30
A Social Profile of the American Republic
A-32
Credits C-1
Index I-1
dav70982_fm_i-xxxii.qxd 07/16/04 10:42 Page xviii
xix
Early Peoples of North America
3
Indians of North America, circa 1500
11
Principal Routes of European Exploration
28
Spanish America, ca. 1600
38
European Exploration: Fifteenth and Sixteenth
Centuries
48
Colonies of the Chesapeake
60
African Transatlantic Slave Trade, 1450–1760
64
The Carolinas and the Caribbean
71
Spanish Missions in North America, ca. 1675
79
Early New England
88
Patterns of Settlement in the Eighteenth
Century
118
Estimated Population of Colonial Cities,
1720–1770
119
Estimated Population by Region, 1720–1760
120
Distribution of the American Population, 1775
122
Overseas Trade Networks
135
The Seven Years’ War
146
European Claims in North America, 1750
and 1763
149
The Appalachian Frontier, 1750–1775
150
Patterns of Allegiance
174
The Fighting in the North, 1775–1777
181
The Fighting in the South, 1780–1781
188
Western Land Claims, 1782–1802
202
The Ordinance of 1785
205
Ratification of the Constitution
220
Semisubsistence and Commercial America, 1790
234
Hamilton’s Financial System
238
Election of 1800
252
Exploration and Expansion: The Louisiana
Purchase
263
The Indian Response to White Encroachment
272
The United States and the Barbary States,
1801–1815
274
The War of 1812
280
The Missouri Compromise and the Union’s
Boundaries in 1820
283
Travel Times, 1800 and 1830
303
The Transportation Network of a Market Economy,
1840 305
Western Land Sales and the Price of Corn and
Wheat
310
Development of the Lowell Mills
317
Election of 1824
335
Indian Removal
344
The Spread of White Manhood Suffrage
346
Election of 1840
356
Annual Consumption of Distilled Spirits, per Capita,
1710–1920
378
The Diverse South
394
Cotton and Other Crops of the South
398
The Spread of Slavery, 1820–1860
399
Southern Population, 1860
400
A Plantation Layout
402
Sioux Expansion and the Horse and Gun
Frontiers
426
The Mexican Borderlands
430
The Overland Trail
432
Election of 1844
436
The Mexican War
438
Territorial Growth and the Compromise of
1850
451
Proportion of Western Exports Shipped via New
Orleans, 1835–1860
459
Railroads, 1850 and 1860, with Track Gauges
460
Prices of Cotton and Slaves
465
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
467
Election of 1860
480
The Pattern of Secession
481
Resources of the Union and the Confederacy,
1861
488
The War in the West, 1861–1862
492
The War in the East, 1861–1862
495
The Changing Magnitude of Battle
512
The War in the East, 1863–1865
515
The War in the West, 1863–1865
519
The Attrition of War: Company D, 7th Virginia
Infantry, Army of Northern Virginia
521
The Southern States during Reconstruction
539
A Georgia Plantation after the War
548
Election of 1876
555
Tenant Farmers, 1900
570
Spending on Education in the South before and after
Disfranchisement
578
Natural Environment of the West
581
The Indian Frontier
584
The Mining and Cattle Frontiers
591
Steel Production, 1880 and 1914
614
Occupational Distribution, 1880 and 1920
619
Railroads, 1870–1890
623
Boom and Bust Business Cycle, 1865–1900
630
Immigration and Population, 1860–1920
645
Growth of New Orleans to 1900
648
The Voting Public, 1860–1912
672
Election of 1896
687
Balance of U.S. Imports and Exports,
1870–1910
689
Imperialist Expansion, 1900
691
The Spanish-American War
700
The United States in the Pacific
701
Woman Suffrage
721
Election of 1912
736
Panama Canal—Old and New Transoceanic
Routes
746
American Interventions in the Caribbean,
1898–1930
749
The Course of War in Europe, 1914–1917
754
Election of 1916
757
The Final German Offensive and Allied
Counterattack, 1918
764
Spread of Influenza Pandemic: Second Stage,
Autumn 1918
768
Areas of Population Growth
801
Election of 1928
811
Declining World Trade, 1929–1933
813
Election of 1932
830
Unemployment Relief, 1934
834
The Tennessee Valley Authority
835
Unemployment, 1925–1945
840
Federal Budget and Surplus/Deficit, 1920–1940
854
What the New Deal Did . . .
856
xx
List of Maps and Charts
World War II in Europe and North Africa
871
The U-Boat War
872
The Impact of World War II on Government
Spending
888
The Pacific Campaigns of World War II
891
Cold War Europe
919
Election of 1948
927
The Korean War
934
The United States Birthrate, 1900–1989
945
Average Annual Regional Migration, 1947–1960
947
Asian Trouble Spots
960
Election of 1960
966
The World of the Superpowers
970
The Spontaneous Spread of Sit-ins, February
1960
985
Civil Rights: Patterns of Protest and Unrest
991
Growth of Government, 1955–1990
996
The War in Vietnam
1014
Levels of U.S. Troops in Vietnam (at Year End)
1019
Election of 1968
1024
Oil and Conflict in the Middle East,
1948–1988
1056
OPEC Oil Prices, 1973–1987
1059
Income Projections of Two-Income Families,
1967–1984
1063
Election of 1980
1080
Poverty in America, 1970–1993
1083
The Federal Budget and Surplus/Deficit,
1945–1995
1084
Central American Conflicts, 1974–1990
1087
War with Iraq: Operation Desert Storm
1092
Election of 1992
1097
Projected Population Shifts, 1980–2050
1105
Election of 2000
1123
Terrorist Incidents by Region, 1968–2002
1145
The War on Terror: Afghanistan and Iraq
1146
Map of the World
Map of the United States
dav70982_fm_i-xxxii.qxd 06/26/04 01:08 Page xxxxi
preface
to the fifth edition
ll good history begins with a good story:
that has been the touchstone of Nation of
Nations. Narrative is embedded in the
way we understand the past; hence it will
not do simply to compile an encyclopedia of American
history and pass it off as a survey.
Yet the narrative keeps changing. A world that has
become suddenly and dangerously smaller requires,
more than ever, a history that is broader. That
convic-tion has driven our revision for the fifth ediconvic-tion of
Nation of Nations.
The events following on the heels of September 11,
2001, have underlined the call historians have made
over the past decade to view American history within
a global context. From its first edition, published in
1990, Nation of Nations has taken such an approach,
with global essays opening each of the book’s six parts
to establish an international framework and a global
timeline correlating events nationally and worldwide.
In the fourth edition, we added global focus sections
within chapter narratives and a final chapter (“Nation
of Nations in a Global Community”) highlighting the
ties of the United States to the rest of the world.
Changes to the Fifth Edition
The fifth edition expands on the global coverage that
has been so important to our text by adding new
narra-tives that place American history in an international
perspective. These narratives are not separate special
features. Sometimes only a paragraph in length,
some-times an entire section, they are designed to be an
integral part of the text. New material includes
•
A section on the Barbary pirates and cultural
iden-tities in Chapter 9
•
Information comparing debt peonage in the New
South with similar circumstances in India, Egypt,
and Brazil in Chapter 18
•
A section on worldwide recovery from the Great
Depression in Chapter 25
•
A map on the global spread of the influenza
pandemic in autumn 1918 in Chapter 23
•
More on global labor migrations in Chapter 26
•
A section about Vatican II and American Catholics
in Chapter 29
Other important content and pedagogical changes
include
•
Two new After the Fact essays exploring cultural
history topics that have received recent scholarly
attention. The new essay in Part Two focuses on
Sally Hemings and Thomas Jefferson, and the new
essay in Part Four, “Engendering the
Spanish-American War,” looks at contemporary
construc-tions of gender as the United States went to war
with Spain in 1898.
•
Updates to Chapter 33, including a new section
and map on the election of 2000 and material on
recent court cases regarding affirmative action.
•
To conclude the book, a new epilogue, “Fighting
Terrorism in a Global Age,” which includes a chart
showing terrorist incidents by region and a map on
the war on terror in Afghanistan and Iraq.
•
The addition of date ranges to chapter titles, to
provide students with more guidance as to the
chronology of events.
•
An “Interactive Learning” section at the end of
every chapter, directing students to relevant
materi-als on the Primary Source Investigator CD-ROM.
xxii
Preface to the Fifth Edition
Jay Antle
Johnson County Community College
Alan C. Atchison
Southwest Texas State
Eirlys M. Barker
Thomas Nelson Community College
Vince Clark
Johnson County Community College
P. Scott Corbett
Oxnard College
Mary Paige Cubbison
Miami Dade Community College
George Gerdow
Northeastern Illinois University
Ronald Goldberg
Thomas Nelson Community College
Michael Hamilton
Seattle Pacific University
Reid Holland
Midland Technical College
Lisa Hollander
Jefferson College
Carol Keller
San Antonio College
Lawrence Kohl
University of Alabama
Janice M. Leone
Middle Tennessee State University
Daniel Littlefield
University of South Carolina
Susan Matt
Weber State University
Randy D. McBee
Texas Tech University
Robert M. S. McDonald
United States Military Academy
Paul C. Milazzo
Ohio University
Roberto M. Salmón
University of Texas, Pan American
Richard Straw
Radford University
William Woodward
Seattle Pacific University
•
In addition to the Additional Readings feature
at the end of each chapter, a full bibliography
for the book can be found at www.mhhe.com/
davidsonnation5.
Information about Supplements
The supplements listed here accompany Nation of
Nations: A Narrative History of the American Republic,
Fifth Edition. Please contact your local McGraw-Hill
representative for details concerning policies, prices,
and availability, as some restrictions may apply.
For the Student
•
Packaged free with every copy of the book, Primary
Source Investigator CD-ROM (007295700X)
in-cludes hundreds of documents to explore, short
documentary movies, interactive maps, and more.
Find more information about the CD-ROM where
it is packaged in your book.
•
Located on the book’s Web site (www.mhhe.com/
davidsonnation5), the Student Online Learning
Center offers interactive maps with exercises,
extensive Web links, quizzes, counterpoint essays
with exercises, a bibliography, and more.
For the Instructor
•
A set of Overhead Transparencies (0072956976)
includes maps and images from the textbook.
•
An Instructor’s Resource CD-ROM (0072456992)
provides materials for instructors to use in the
classroom, including PowerPoint presentations and
electronic versions of the maps in the textbook. An
instructor’s manual and computerized test bank are
also included.
•
Located on the book’s Web site (www.mhhe.com/
davidsonnation5), the Instructor Online Learning
Center offers PowerPoint presentations, an image
bank, an instructor’s manual, a bibliography, and
more.
Acknowledgments
Wayne Ackerson
Salisbury State University
Robert Alderson
Georgia Perimeter College
dav70982_fm_i-xxxii.qxd 07/16/04 10:44 Page xxii
