Model Tuning Report

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Model Tuning Report

NOKIA RNP Team

PT.Nokia Solutions and Networks, April 2015

Revision History

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1 Introduction

Propagation model Tuning is a crucial procedure early in network Deployment as it enables accurate predictions of coverage and interference. The objective of this document is to describe the CW drive campaign and the propagation model tuning procedure for smartfren FDD 850 project in Jakarta of Indonesia. Here we do CW test and propagation model tuning base on FDD 850 MHz, and for LTE propagation model was calculated depend on tuned Standard Propagation Model.

Anite Nemo Scanner and Coyote used to data process and Atoll (version : 3.2.1.7090) for model tuning Maps & Clutters

1.1 Model Tuning Process

The model tuning process including the following activities:

 Define models required to simulate coverage of different physical environments  Site survey to find suitable sites for each environment

 Clearance Scanning  Equipment and testing  CW test and data collection  Assessment and preparation data  Model tuning for each environment  Validate the model

1.2 Model Tuning Objectives

The propagation models included in this investigation refers to dense urban, urban, sub urban, and rural area.

The following were used as objectives throughout the process: Mean error between -1 and 1 dB in global calculation each clutter Standard Deviation error <= 8 dB in global calculation each clutter

1.3 Digital Map

Mapping Data is an integral component in prediction calculations and thus accurate data is essential for any prediction model to function correctly. It is important that mapping data supplied is as up to date as possible so that it reflect any recent changes in land use.

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Digital Terrain Map

All measurement data was resolved using a 20 m resolution Digital Terrain Map. The vintage of the map used was Indonesia: West Java, Map 20m, January 15th 2015 from Computa Maps Company. Universal transverse Mercator co-ordinate system with zone 48s and datum WGS84 is used

Clutter Database

The clutter data classes used for the Jakarta model tuning campaign are listed in was Indonesia: West Java, Map 20m, January 15th 2015 from Computa Maps Company, with the clutter distribution shown in figure1.1. The 20 m resolution map was used to represent the land cover.

Figure 1-1 clutter plot of Jakarta

This data formed a part of the procured maps. The following table shows various classifications that were defined.

Code Name

Default Values

1 Sea

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3 Wetland 4 Barren 5 low vergetation 6 sparse forest 7 Forest 8 Village

9 residential with trees

10 residential with few trees

11 dense residential 12 Urban 13 dense urban 14 high buildings 15 building blocks 16 comercial/industrial 17 Airport 18 open in urban

Table 1-1 Clutter Classification scheme

1.4 Propagation Model Definition

We use standard propagation model in Atoll for FDD LTE 850 MHz network. The Standard Propagation Model (SPM) is based on the cost -231 formulas and is suited for predictions in the 850 to 3500 MHz band over long distances (from one to 20 km). It is the best suited to UMTS and LTE radio technologies

1.4.1 Propagation environments

In Jakarta, the main propagation environment is a mix of dense urban, urban,sub urban and rural clutter. Considering the planning issues (also height and clutter data of digital map), it is acceptable to develop three models for the whole city, dense urban, urban, sub urban and rural. The propagation environment is mostly characterised as residential and commercial buildings throughout the whole city.

1.4.2 Standard Propagation Model

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It consists of parts:

- General parameter

- The basic path loss model

- Calculation of the base station effective antenna height - Diffraction Clutter corrections

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2 Site Selection and Route Planning Process

2.1 RF Measurement

In order to calibrate the propagation model, a comparison was carried out between the predicted propagation and actual measured data. This measured data was collected by way of a series of Continuous Wave (CW) propagation surveys. In these drive test a calibrated test transmitter was set up at a base station located and received signal strength measurements were made with along a predetermined drive route

The accuracy of the model is directly related to the validity and accuracy of the CW data

2.2 Site Selection

To ensure validity of the calibration process it was essential that site was selected carefully and that various parameters required in the calibration process were verified. The site morphology is also a major factor in determine the extent of survey regarding direction around the site.

Site selection factors include:

 Test site measured were representative of typical BTS sites, considering issues such as the general environment and antenna height surrounding clutter characteristics etc.  They were located in and around the area where the prediction model is to be used so as

to capture a good representation of data in that propagation location thus ensuring a valid model for that propagation classification.

 Rooftop sites were chosen with flat roofs and power outlets (possibly sites with BTS equipment on the roof) so that test masts and equipment could be installed.

 .selected site’s height was representative of the relative radiation height of the network. As this drive campaign was concerned with the calibration of macro cell model, micro cellular sites or “umbrella” sites were not be taken in to account.

 Selected site’s coverage was chosen to minimise anomalous local propagation phenomena, such as near obstacles shadowing, “canyon” effect, measurement faults, etc.

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 It was ensured that minimum height of the transmit antenna was such that the 3 dB vertical beam width was free of obstruction from the building. This can be seen in:

H=d tan(α)

Where α=0.5 * (3 dB vertical beam width) + safety margin A margin of 10 degrees was included

Figure 2-1 Rooftop antenna clearance

List of selected CW Test sites for Jakarta model is shown as the following table

Site Name Morphologies Longitude Latitude Antenna

Height EIRP (dBm) Antenna Power (dBi) Antenna type ZTE_0219 UOB Dense urban 106.823

-6.19796 38 53 11 K 736347 ZTE_0215 MANDIRI Dense urban 106.8152 -6.225 24

53 11 K 736347 ZTE_0213 PPHUI Dense urban 106.8328 -6.222 25 ₅₃ 11 K 736347

ZTE_0206 RESTORAN PAREGU Dense urban 106.83 -6.1874 32

47 11 K 736347 ZTE_0022 SALON J LO Urban 106.9009 -6.1575 23 ₅₃ 11 K 736347

ZTE_0349 CEMENTAID Urban 106.905 -6.2035 30

47 11 K 736347 ZTE_0564 RUKO ARTHA

KEDOYA Urban 106.759

-6.17509 23 53 11 K 736347 ZTE_0083 KEMANG SELATAN Urban 106.816 -6.275 42

47 11 K 736347 ZTE_3378 BINA ASIH Sub Urban 106.9577 -6.3047 42

53 11 K 736347 ZTE_0116 PRIMAGAMA

PAMULANG Sub Urban 106.729 -6.3424 25 47 11 K 736347 ZTE_4272 PEKUTUT

TANGERANG Sub Urban 106.6224 -6.141 29 47 11 K 736347 ZTE_2057 SUKATANI Rural 107.179 -6.1679 60 ₅₃ 11 K 736347

ZTE_2029 RANGON JAYA Rural 107.366

-6.28468 55 53 11 K 736347

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2.3 Site survey

Factor for planning surveys are followings:

Drive test must first be planned according to the limitations observed through the site survey.  It is important to collect a statistically significant amount of data to model diffraction. A

good balance between LoS and NLoS should be attempted.

 The data should be evenly distributed with respect to distance from the transmitter. Distance should also be taken into account on a per clutter type basis. Through using various test site locations this is practically implemented.

 When planning drive test routes it is of great importance to ensure that the drive goes through the clutter type in mind, since consecutive roads may be classified as different clutter types. If in sufficient data measurements are collected in particular morphology class in the calibration toward other classes may occur.

 Using partially the same routes from different sites is beneficial since the different location of the test antenna will provide different data with respect to the distance.

 The extent of the survey is dictated on the amount of clutter types and required bins along with the actual purposes of the survey data. In cases where the data collected will be used for analyzing interference between sites survey may tend to reach long distances away from the site (up to 20 km) with the actual route exceeding 100 km.

 There should be sufficient data collected within each clutter category to ensure accurate modelling.

2.4 CW Test route

The following factors should be considered when planning a route:

 The route should be planned according to limitations noted at the survey stage. If the antenna blocked in any direction then the route should avoid the area affected by this blocking

 The accuracy of the model calibration is dependent upon the amount of data collected, so the route should cover as much road as timescale permit

 The data for each clutter type should be evenly distributed with respect to log (distance) between the measurement equipment and transmitter

 Using partially the same routes for different surveys is beneficial since the different location of the test antenna will provide different data with respect to distance and effective antenna height.

 The extent of the survey is dictated on the number of clutter types and required measurements along with the actual purposes of the survey data and the frequency being used.

 The route should incorporate a variety of different terrain variations  Both line of sight and non line of sight points should be covered

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3 Model Calibration

3.1 Introduce

For output accurate propagation model for each clutter environment, the model calibration uses few sites to do propagation model tuning in each tuning. According to importance of each environment, choose different site count to do propagation model tuning, there are 4 sites separately in Dense urban, 3 sites in urban and sub urban, and 2 sites in rural. Analyses CW test data and output model tuning result in different environment.

The propagation models requires the definition of some general parameters, such as:  Frequency 874.7 MHz

 Mobile antenna height : 2 m

3.2 Model for Dense Urban

3.2.1 Analysis CW Test Data for Dense Urban

Import the CW Test data into Atoll software, The CW signal strength of test data is following as:

Figure 3-1 CW Signal Strength plot Dense Urban

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Analysis test point distribution in different clutter. Confirm test points weight in different clutter, according to percentage, ensure which points should be reversed, which should be removed.

Site name Number of Bin

ZTE_0219 UOB 8.883

ZTE_0215 MANDIRI 4.991

ZTE_0213 PPHUI 12.180

ZTE_0206 RESTO PAREGU 15.492

Table 3-1Test Point count of each site Dense urban

The relation between distance and signal strength

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3.2.2 Model Tuning Result for Dense Urban

According to test point distribution, the relation between distance and signal and other factors, filter out same unreasonable data points, reserved reasonable data points, to do model tuning, output model tuning result for dense urban

The result for dense urban models are listed below:

Result

Parameter Initial Final

K1 (LoS) 65.4 12.13 K1(NLoS) 40 6 K2 (LoS) Log(D) 65.4 42.28 K2(NLoS) Log(D) 40 42.28 K3 Log (HTx) -30 -19.68 K4 Diffraction 0 0.47 K5 Log (D) * log (HTx) 0 0 K6 0 0 K7 -5 0

The statistic for Dense Urban model

Statistic

Initial Final

Mean Error -19.82 -0.4

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3.3 Model for Urban

3.3.1 Analysis CW Test Data for Urban

Figure 3-11 CW Signal Strength plot Urban

ZTE_0022 SALON JLO 7.801

ZTE_0083 KEMANGSELATAN 4.822

ZTE_0349 CEMENTAID 2.941

ZTE_0564 RUKOARTHAKEDOYA 5.433

Table 3-2Test Point count of each site Urban

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3.3.2 Model Tuning Result for Urban

According to test point distribution, the relation between distance and signal and other factors, filter out same unreasonable data points, reserved reasonable data points, to do model tuning, output model tuning result for Urban

The result for Urban models are listed below:

Result

K1 (LoS) 65.4 12.13 K1(NLoS) 40 28.44 K2 (LoS) Log(D) 65.4 56.61 K2(NLoS) Log(D) 40 48.49 K3 Log (HTx) -30 -20 K4 Diffraction 0 0.3 K5 Log (D) * log (HTx) 0 -10 K6 0 0 K7 -5 0

The statistic for Urban model

Statistic

Initial Final

Mean Error -20.42 -0.88

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3.4 Model for Sub Urban

3.4.1 Analysis CW Test Data for Sub Urban

Figure 3-21 CW Signal Strength plot Sub Urban

ZTE_0116 PRIMAGAMA 4.137

ZTE_3378 BINA ASIH 3.227

ZTE_4272 PERKUTUT 6.503

Table 3-3Test Point count of each site Sub Urban

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3.4.2 Model Tuning Result for Sub Urban

According to test point distribution, the relation between distance and signal and other factors, filter out same unreasonable data points, reserved reasonable data points, to do model tuning, output model tuning result for Sub Urban

The result for Sub Urban models are listed below:

Result

K1 (LoS) 65.4 12.13 K1(NLoS) 40 10.1 K2 (LoS) Log(D) 65.4 34.68 K2(NLoS) Log(D) 40 34.68 K3 Log (HTx) -30 1.47 K4 Diffraction 0 0.3 K5 Log (D) * log (HTx) 0 -2.98 K6 0 0 K7 -5 0

The statistic for Sub Urban model

Statistic

Initial Final

Mean Error -29.83 -0.98

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3.5 Model for Rural

3.5.1 Analysis CW Test Data for Rural

Figure 3-29 CW Signal Strength plot Rural

ZTE_2029 RANGON JAYA 8.430

ZTE_2057 SUKA TANI 4.999

Table 3-4Test Point count of each site Rural

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3.5.2 Model Tuning Result for Rural

According to test point distribution, the relation between distance and signal and other factors, filter out same unreasonable data points, reserved reasonable data points, to do model tuning, output model tuning result for Rural

The result for Rural models are listed below:

Result

K1 (LoS) 65.4 12.13 K1(NLoS) 40 12.13 K2 (LoS) Log(D) 65.4 52.54 K2(NLoS) Log(D) 40 52.54 K3 Log (HTx) -30 -20 K4 Diffraction 0 0.28 K5 Log (D) * log (HTx) 0 -10 K6 0 0 K7 -5 0

The statistic for Rural model

Statistic

Initial Final

Mean Error -24.75 0.27

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4. LTE Propagation Model of Jakarta

The Jakarta of each model for 850 is listed in the table below

K (850 MHz) Dense Urban Urban Sub Urban Rural

K1 12.13 12.13 12.13 12.13 K2 38.63 56.61 34.68 52.54 K3 -19.68 -20 1.47 -20 K4 0.47 0.3 0.3 0.28 K5 0 -10 -2.93 -10 K6 0 0 0 0 K7 0 0 0 0

Table 4-0-1 Final Propagation Model tuning result of Jakarta

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Equipment for CW measurement are listed in table below

SMARTFREN NOKIA

No System Equipment Freq. Brand Type Remark

850 MHz HP hp 8371 b

2300 MHz HP-Agilent HP - AGILENT 8921A

850 MHz BVS BVS Power=40/46 dBm

2300 MHz Minicircuit ZHL 100W 242+ Power=37/50 dBm

850 MHz Kathrein K736347 Gain= 11 dBi

2300 MHz FTRF OA232410-NF Gain= 10 dBi

850 MHz 2300 MHz

5 Spectrum Analyzer Agilent E4407B

6 Site Master Anritsu S 331 L

7 Power Meter Agilent Agilent

8 Feeder Cable 7/8 60 Meters

9 Jumper

10 Roll Meter 100 Meters

Transmitter Receiver 1 CW Generator 2 Power Amplifier 3 Omni Antena Accesoris

4 Receiver Anite Scanner

/Coyote

FSR1 /Dual Modular Receiver

Model Tuning Report