Nepali English Glossary

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NEPALI-ENGLISH

&

ENGLISH-NEPALI

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Shambhu Oja

Banu Oja

Mark Turin

Elisabeth Uphoff

South Asia Program

Cornell University

second edition

June 2004

ii

Introduction to the Second Edition

The Nepali language is spoken by around 20 million people in the Kingdom of Nepal, where it is

the national and official language. About 11 million of these speakers use Nepali as a mother

tongue. Outside of Nepal, Nepali is also spoken in north-east India and in much of Bhutan. On

account of its widespread use in the states of West Bengal (particularly in the district of

Darjeeling) and Sikkim, the Indian Constitution recognizes Nepali as a major language of India.

While Dzongkha is the national language of Bhutan, Nepali is widely spoken by many of its _{across the country. In short, Nepali is a major regional}_{citizens and used as a}_{lingua franca}

language used in numerous South Asian countries. Nepali is an Indo-Aryan language, and thus part of a linguistic grouping which includes

other South Asian languages such as Hindi, Bengali, Marathi and Gujarati. Modern Indo-Aryan

languages are related to Sanskrit, much as modern European languages are related to Latin.

Nepali is written in the Devanâgarî (or ‘Nagari’) script, which is also used for Hindi, Marathi and

Sanskrit. Nepali Devanâgarî has 12 vowels and 36 consonants. The script is essentially phonetic,

meaning that the pronunciation closely resembles the written form. The script is written from left to right, with a top line indicating the word

boundaries.

This volume is made up of two discrete glossaries, first Nepali-English and thereafter English-Nepali

. While similar, the lexical corpora which make up the two glossaries are actually _{quite distinct. The}_{closely follows the content of Shambhu and Banu}_{Nepali-English Glossary}

Oja’s Nepali Beginner’s Primer

, and the lesson number in which a word is first used is given in

the penultimate column. This 51-page glossary is organised according to the Nepali alphabetic does not map directly onto the content of the lessons in order. The English-Nepali Glossary

the

primer, but rather provides an extensive corpus of terms which Cornell’s Nepali language

instructors have been asked to translate over the years. The content of this glossary reflects the

interests of generations of Cornell students who have studied anthropology, ecology, economics, _{politics and sociology in Nepal and through Nepali.} Shambhu Oja, Department of Asian Studies

Mark Turin, Digital Himalaya Project

Cornell University, Ithaca, New York June 2004

Acknowledgements to the Second Edition

The production of the second edition of this Nepali-English and English-Nepali Glossary has relied on the generous support of many individuals. First and foremost, without the financial and

administrative support of the Department of Asian Studies at Cornell University, and specifically

Professor Edward M. Gunn, Ann VanDeMark and Kim Steber, this revised and reworked glossary would never have seen the light of day. We are grateful for your trust and help. Second,

the Nepali Unicode font team at Madan Puraskâr Pustakâlaya in Kathmandu have been a pleasure

to work with. In particular, we would like to thank Amar Gurung and Pawan Chitrakar. Finally,

we would like to express our appreciation to members of the Cornell community, in particular to

Anne Stengle and Durga Bor at the South Asia Program for their help with the printing, Professor

Kathryn March for her unflagging support and Sara Shneiderman for her careful editorial eye.

Thanks to Ajay Rai of Wandering Spirits for the front cover photo. Needless to say, any remaining errors or typographical lapses are our responsibility.

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iii

Introduction to the First Edition

The Nepali language program at Cornell faces several challenges that are likely to characterize

similar programs elsewhere. The number of students taking Nepali changes every year, each

student has a different level of ability and there is a scarcity of published Nepali texts and

dictionaries. Most importantly, most Nepali language students have specific but widely diverse

fields of interest. Some students come from the Peace Corps, some come after study or travel

abroad, and increasingly some come from Nepalese-American families. This means that they

have very different language backgrounds and very different reasons for wanting to learn Nepali.

Some want to work in development on irrigation or healthcare; others want to do PhD research on

questions of religious change or women’s issues; others simply want to be able to talk to older _{members of their families.}

It has been our goal at Cornell to teach not only basic skills in spoken and written Nepali

but to try to make our students linguistically competent in their chosen fields of specialization as

well. Because of the difficulties in locating texts and reference books to suit all their varying _{needs, we have tried to create new kinds of instructional materials for Nepali which}

could:

(a) teach increasingly complex grammatical structures (b) tailor additional vocabulary and dialogues to individual students’ professional

directions

(c) wherever possible utilize material from Nepalese school books, folk stories, literature, songs, proverbs, Radio Nepal/Nepal TV, taped conversations, or other

sources not created solely for the classroom We began the Nepali Computer Project in 1988 with support between 1988 and 1992 from the Northeast Consortium for Language Teaching and Learning, Cornell South Asia Program, and the Department of Modern Languages and Linguistics. Our objective has been to

develop an integrated system to provide Nepali language instructors with flexible teaching

materials that can be readily adapted to suit their students’ varying numbers, abilities, and wide

range of interests. For this reason we chose a computer-based system because it offered the _{flexibility of organization and presentation that we}

needed. _{At present, the project consists of a}_{Beginners’ Primer}_{Beginning Reader}_{, an}_{, a} Intermediate Reader, and this Glossary

which has been compiled from the vocabulary contained in the other materials using a computer database. All of the words in this glossary are coded by

subject and by the chapter or story in which they are first introduced, so that it would be possible _{to print out specific vocabulary lists according to topic of interest and/or level}

of study.

It has been a long and informative voyage from our first days, trying to produce new

materials for each level of students. These volumes represent the effort not only of the language

instructors and their main assistants, but also the cumulative questions, problems, and needs of

students in Nepali language classes at Cornell for almost ten years. We hope that these volumes, and those that will follow, will continue to serve them in all of their diverse needs. Department of Anthropology Professor Kathryn March Ithaca, New York Cornell University 1992

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iv

Acknowledgements to the First Edition

The Nepali Computer Project at Cornell owes thanks to many people. First, of course, is the

Cornell South Asia Program which is making this publication possible and which has backed the

Nepali language offerings at Cornell since 1984. We would like to thank the Northeast Consortium for Language Teaching and Learning for their financial support of this project. The

Department of Modern Languages and Linguistics at Cornell, too, provided invaluable support

both in the basic support of the Nepali language program and in the person of Ann VanDeMark,

without whose administrative savvy any of this work would have been unthinkable. Professor

James Gair’s Sinhala glossary provided an important early model and inspiration for our efforts.

And Professor Kathryn March was ever behind the project with constant advocacy and support.

But above all, we are indebted to all the students through the years of Nepali teaching at Cornell

who have read, revised, and added to this work. And of those students we are especially grateful _{for the special assistance of Christopher Scott and Bhushan}

Tuladar.

We are glad to be able to offer this printed version of our Nepali language materials.

However, please bear in mind that this is a first edition and may contain spelling or other errors.

We would deeply appreciate feedback both on technical and methodological presentation so that _{we can make the second edition better.}

Banu Oja, Shambhu Oja, Elisabeth Uphoff Ithaca, New York

1992

Technical Notes

Work on the first edition of this glossary started in 1988 using an early Apple Macintosh

computer, a database package called FileMaker+ and the Kånchi NR Devanagari font. The glossary was subsequently published in 1992.

The second edition was prepared in May 2004 by Shambhu Oja and Mark Turin, using the Nepali

Unicode environment devised by the Madan Puraskâr Pustakâlaya library in Kathmandu, Nepal.

The original glossary was retyped as a tabulated Microsoft Word document, checked and then

sorted according to the Nepali and English alphabetical orders. We have used a Unicode Nepali

font called Kalimati, which is freely downloadable from the Madan Puraskâr Pustakâlaya website

along with the keyboard layout <www.mpp.org.np>. The updated version of this

bilingual _{glossary is currently being formatted as a searchable database for online} delivery. _{an = anthropology (words dealing with kinship or religion)}_{h = household (food, utensils, parts of houses)}

_{List of Abbreviations}

_{ag = agriculture}_{g = general (basic glossary)}_{p = politics}

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Nepali - English Glossary

Nepali part English lesson subject

अअंकममाल n hug g अअंमजजजीे adj English L-8 g अअंजल+ुु n cupped hands - g अ-यमाररोँ adj dark L-24 g अ-यमाररोपननँ n darkness - g अककःममातत adv suddenly g अ7र n letter (alphabet) - g

अखडमा n arena, station, base - p अखबमार n newspaper L-28 g, p

अगु<ुमा n leader, guide - p

अगनरोजीे n sitting place around a hearth h अ=लरो adj tall L-8 g

अअघ, अ@ग adv before, ago L-12 g अA n number (numeral) L-23 g अचCम adv surprise L-7 g

अचमार n spicy pickle, chutney L-3 g, h अचलजीे adv these days, nowadays L-5 g अझ adj more, yet L-24 g

अझझै adv yet, still L-19 g अF चल n zone L-17 p

अF चलमा@धस n Zone Commissioner - p अI Jकनु v to be stuck g

अत: conj therefore - g अ@त adj very L-31 g

अ@तKरL adj additional, besides - g अथअ@<अदमालत धक ुमा, adj exceeding, excess, more - p, g अथमाn court, court house - p Nतत conj or L-5 g

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Nepali - English Glossary

अ@धकमार n authority, right, power - p अ@धकमार+ n an authority, official - p अ@धरमाPय n kingdom - p

अधररोु adj incomplete, half-finished - p, g

अ-य7 n president, chairman (of a committee) - p अ-यमादशजीे n ordinance - p

अनमाज n grain (wheat, corn, rice, etc) - ag अनमावJSुृ n drought ag

अ@न adj then - g

अ@नकमाल n famine - ag, p

अनकलुल adj favorable, opportune, convenient - p, g अनदमानु n grant, subsidy - g, p अनभवु n experience - p, g अनभव गनNुुु v to experience, realize - p, g अनमतजु n approval, permission - g, p अनममानु n guess, estimate - g, p अनममा@नतुत adj estimated - g, p

अनWपु adj analogous, similar, resembling - g, p अनररोधु n request - g, p

अनशमासनु n directive, punishment, discipline, order L-13 g, p अनसXधमानु n research L-14 g

अनसमारु अनसचजुल adv according (to) L-31 g n schedule, a list - g, p

अननौठरो adj strange, odd, peculiar L-7 g अअXXजमान तर n difference, gap, interval - p, g adj ignorant - g adj international - p, g अXतररमा[ुजय

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Nepali - English Glossary

अXतररमा[ुजय एकतमा n international unity - p, g अXतररमा[ुजय कमाननु n international law - p, g

अअXतम adj last, final L-23 g अXदमाज n guess - g

अXदमाजज adv approximately L-3 g अXध@बनँ <ुमास n superstition - an अपनमाउनु v to follow, observe - p, an

अ_` यमाररो adj uncomfortable, difficult L-24 g अJफस n office L-26 g

अब adv now, now then L-9 g अबनँय adv certainly L-5 g अबकःथमा n condition, situation g अबरजीे adj late L-16 g अ@मलरो adj sour L-2 g अमbयल adj precious g अW adj other L-5 g

अकc adj next, another L-5 g अथNशमाd n economics L-8 p

अलग adj apart, separate - g, p

अ@लअ@ल adj a little (when the amount can't be measured) - g

अ@लक@त adj a little (measurable) L-5 g अbअवगत गरमाउनतुु छf adj lazy L-7 g v to inform, notify - g

असमथN adj unable g असर n result, effect - p असल adj good, pure L-26 g

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Nepali - English Glossary

असमाधमारण adj uncommon, unusual - g

असमार n third month in the Nepali calendar L-17 g अ@सनमा पनNुु v to hail (weather) L-13 g, ag

असज@मतत adj unlimited - g

असरोज n sixth month of the Nepali calendar L-17 g अअकःत n the day before yesterday - g

अअकःतनझै adv some time in the far past L-9 g अकःपतमाल n hospital L-15 g

अहनँ adv no L-5 g अJहलजीे n now L-5 g आखमानँ n eye L-14 g

आगननँ n courtyard L-37 g

आग पनNुनँुुु v to have amoebic dysentery L-13 g आइतबमार n Sunday L-9 g आईप=नुु v to arrive L-26 g आउनु v to come L-1 g आकमाशबमाणज (तमार) n telegram L-1 g

आगl adj next year L-30 g

आङ, Jप` यl n back (of a person) g आचरण n conduct, behavior - g, p

आज n today L-4 g

आजकमाल adv nowadays L-4 g

आजभरोलआदशअआN n model, ideal - p, g n+ adj nowadays L-4 g नु v to be nervous, be worried g आदमान-ुलदमान n exchange, giving and taking of things or ideas, correspondent - p

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Nepali - English Glossary

आदशजीे n order, instruction - p आधमार n base, support L-33 g आध@नकु adj modern - p, g

आनXद adj happy, joyful L-37 g

आफq n self (himself, herself, one’s self) L-24 g आrनरो adj one’s own L-2 g

आबनँयक adj necessary, essential - g आबनँयकतमा n necessity - g आबमाज, आ<ुमाज n sound, noise g आमदमानज n income (general) - p आममा n mother L-1 g, an आय n income - p आय ुनौरोत n income source - p

आयकःतमा n fixed income (from a tenant farming

land) - p

आरCभ n beginning - g, p आरमाम गनNुु v to rest L-2 g

आरमामपवNकु adv with ease, leisurely, comfortably g आ@थNक adj financial, economic - p

आलु n potato L-13 g, h आशमा n hope L-37 g

आशत चयN adj amazed g

आसमामज ईईtPn debtor - p, g छमा जत n wish, desire, aim, interest - g n prestige, honor, self-respect, status - p अईईF @तहमास ज@नयर n history - g, p n engineer - p, ag

ईuयमाpद adv et cetera - g ईनमार n water well - ag

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Nepali - English Glossary

ईXअु n God of Rain, King of Heaven (Hindu) an ईXसमाफ n justice, judgment - p

ईXसमाफw adj just - p, g ईममाXदमार adj honest - g ईरमादमा n intention - g

ईलमाकमा n area, region - p, g

ईलमाम n name of a district in eastern Nepal - p, g ईकःटमटजीे n estimate - g

उ pron he (singular familiar) L-4 g उL adj the above (written, said) - g अउयनु v to split, tear, unravel g

उचमाई adj height L-8

उचमाbनु v to raise, lift, take up - g अउचतत adj appropriate - g

उजर ुु(उजर+ुु) n compliant(s) - g उPयमालरो adj light L-24 g

उzनु v to stand up, get up L-1 g उnर n north; reply L-16 g

उदमाहरण n example - g उदनँयजीे n goals, aims - g

उ{ुरोग n industry, enterprise, effort - g

उ{ुरोगधXधमा n industry, enterprise, craft - g, p उनज pron s/he, less formal than ‘wahaa’, more formal than ‘u’ L-8 g

उनजहउX उउपकमार W pron they (familiar) L-4 g X नतज नतत n progress, advancement - g, p n favor, help, benevolence, welfare g adj improved (i.e. improved wheat) - g उपXयमास n novel L-12 g

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Nepali - English Glossary

उपयरोग n use, utilization, usage - g

उपयरोगज adj worth, fitting, suitable, useful - g उपयरोगजतमा n usefulness, utility - g

उपररोL adj above-said, mentioned - g

उपल|ध adj available, obtainable, attained - g उप<ुमास बकःनु,

ुरोत बकःनु

v to fast an

उअपकःथतत adj ready at hand, present - g उपमाय n means, method, plan - g

उपमाय n means, way out, scheme g

उलमाXत adv in the future, subsequently, hereafter,

henceforth - g

उृनु v to jump g

उ|जनज, उ|जमाउ n produce, crop, yield - g, ag उ|जनु v to come up, be produced, yield - g, ag

उ@ुॄनु v to be left over, be surplus - g उममाbनु v to boil L-14 g

उ@ुॆनु v to germinate, sprout, grow, spring up L-14 g उbथमा n translation - g

उकःतझै adj alike L-13 g एउटझै adj same L-13 g

एकतमा n unity, unanimity, oneness - p

एकदम adj absolutely, a lot, very, quite L-8 g एकमाई n unit (i.e. administrative unit) - p एJककरण n unification - p

एकझै adj same L-13 g

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Nepali - English Glossary

ऐन n law, act - p ओभमानरो n dry g

ओहरो interj oh L-9 g

औजमार n tools, equipment - p, ag औधज adj very much - g

औलPवररो n malaria - p, an औषधज n medicine - g

क7ुमा n class, grade in school - g, p कछवमाु n turtle -

कतमा adv where? (usually used for directions) L-16 g क@त adv how much? L-1 g

कथमा n story L-12 g

कXजसु n miser, stingy L-37 g कपमाल n hair L-14 g

कफw n coffee L-5 g, h

क|जमा n control, possession; hinge - p कमजरोर adj weak L-13 g

कमसकमजीे adj at least L-24 g कममाई n earnings - p

कममाउनु v to earn - p क@मज n shirt L-1 g

कर n tax, excise, duty - p

कर लगमाउनु v to tax, insist, force - p कWण n sorrow, grief g

कजमाN n debt - p कतN|य n duties - p कल कलम n machine - p, ag n pen L-1 g

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Nepali - English Glossary

कसर+ adv how? (by what means) L-4 g ककःकरो pron whose? L-1 g

ककःतरो adv how? (color, quality, shape) L-2 g कJहलजीे adv when? L-4 g

कJहलकमाJहजीेनँ adv sometimes L-5 g कमानँटमा n fork L-18 g

कमाकमा n uncle (father’s brother) - g, an

कमाकw n aunt (father’s brother’s wife) - g, an कमागज n paper L-3 g

कमागत n paper L-3 g

कमागतज n lime (fruit) L-2 g, h

कमाज n work, duty; button hole - p

कमाF जज हमाउस n village corral where stray cattle are kept

as penalty - ag

कमा‡नु v to cut, chop L-34 g

अकमाnक n seventh month in the Nepal calendar L-17 g कमान n ear - g

कमान पसˆुजीे adv two days after tomorrow L-9 g कमापमा@लक ुॄत n fast for Kali an

कमापज n copy, notebook L-1 g कमाम n work L-5 g

कमाम गनNुु v to work L-5 g

कमामकमाज n work, occupation, business - p कमायम adj established, settled - p

कमारखमानमा कमायकमायN n activity, act, deed - p Nn factory - p कतमाN n official, employee, staff member, worker - p कमायNबम n program, schedule L-19 g

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Nepali - English Glossary

कमायN@बधज n procedure - p

कमायमाNX<यन गनNुु v to carry out, execute - p कमायमाNलय n office L-26 g, p

कमालरो adj black L-3 g

कमालरो बजमार n black market L-19 g, p

Jक conj or L-5 g

Jकतमाब n book L-1 g

Jकnुमा n division, section, item (of land) - p

Jकnुमानमापज n cadastral survey - p

Jकन adv why? L-7 g

Jकनभनजीे conj because L-5 g

JकX नु v to buy L-6 g

Jकलमा n nail, stake - ag

Jकसमान n farmer, peasant - ag, p

Jक@सम n kind, sort, type L-16 g

Jककःतमा n installment, pay - p, ag कखरमाुु n chicken L-37 g, ag

कचरोु n broom L-24 g, h कŠ नुु v to run g कनु pron which? L-3 g

कन कनुु pron which? (plural) L-5 g कनचमाJहुनँ pron which one? L-3 g

कनुझै ककरमाु करमा गनadj certain, some L-31 g X n things, talk, chat L-16 g नजु Nphrase I don’t know (colloquial) - g ुुु v to talk, speak with L-2 g

कर+@तु n superstition (negative sense), bad custom - p, an कनNुुु v to wait L-33 g

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Nepali - English Glossary

कल रकमु n original capital (wealth) - p कलदवतमाुजीे n family god, lineage deity an कलरोु n irrigation ditch - ag

कवमाु n water-hole, shallow well - ag कपयमाृ adv please (formal) - g

कषजृ n agriculture L-8 a, ag कजीे pron what? L-1 g

कटमाकट+ुजीेजीे n children (male and female) L-31 g कजीेXअु n center - p

अकXअुयजीे adj central - p करमाजीे n banana L-2 g, h

कJहजीे adj some (things) L-27 g कचजझै n scissors g कJफयतझैत n remarks - p कलरोझै adj grey L-3 g करो pron who? L-4 g करो बमारममाजीे adv about L-24 g करोट n coat L-23 g करोटमा n quota - p करोठमा n room L-3 g, h

करोश n unit of distance (two miles) - g अकरोशश n try, effort, endeavor L-23 g करोJह adj some (people) L-27 g

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Nepali - English Glossary

खŒड n part, section g

ख@त n loss, harm, damage - g

खnम हनुु v to be finished (slang) L-12 g खX नु v to dig - ag, g खबर n news L-27 g, p खरदमार n head clerk - p खरमानज n ash g खरमाब adj bad L-26 g खरमायरो n rabbit g खर+द n purchase - g खचN n expense - g खचN गनNुु v to spend (money) - g खचN हन समाममानुजीे n consumable supplies - g खसज n castrated goat L-34 g, ap

खकःनु v to slip, fall, be dropped L-28 g खमाजमा n snack L-4 g, h

खमातमा n register book - p खमानमा n food L-4 g, h खमानु v to eat L-2 g

खमान करमाजीेु n things to eat, edibles (food) L-27 g, h खमारज गनNुजीेु v to dismiss, abolish, expel - p खमालखमास + adj empty, vacant L-32 g adj special, actual, real - g

खमासगरखसमाN+ adv especially, actually - g नजु n chili pepper (hot) L-2 g, h खलमाु adj open, frank L-17 g

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Nepali - English Glossary

खतजीे n field (irrigated) - ag खतबमार+ुजीे n cultivated property - ag खतजपमातजजीे n cultivation, farming - ag खतज<ुमालजीे n farmer - ag खलजीे n game L-10 g खलकदजीेु n sports, athletics - g खलकद मदमानजीेुझै n playing fields - g खbनजीेु v to play L-18 g खररोझै adj brown L-3 g खरोकw n cough L-7 g खरोPनु v to look for L-37 g खरोर n cage L-37 g खरोbनु v to open L-1 g खरोकःनु v to snatch L-24 g गगटरोअं, ग•टरो n crab -

गŒडकw n name of a river in Nepal, also name of a

zone

L-17 g

गत समाल n last year - g

ग@त n speed, condition - g

गतजीे n date (Nepali calendar) L-9 g गX नु v to count L-1 g

गफ गनNुु v to chat, gossip L-11 g गर+ब adj poor L-35 g

गनNगमुु ˆ adj, n hot, summer L-7 g v to do L-1 g गलqचमा n carpet - h, g

गJहररो adj deep L-8 g गहुनँ n wheat - ag

(19)

14

Nepali - English Glossary

गमाई जमाऽुमा n festival honoring cows in Kathmandu L-32 g, an गमाई-बकःतु n cattle, livestock L-31 ag

गमाउनँ n village L-8 g गमाउनु v to sing L-12 g

गमाढमा adj dark (color) L-3 g

गमा@ल गनNुु v to scold, curse L-36 g गमागुरो adj difficult L-7 g

गजत n song L-12 g गणुनँ n quality - g

गणनु n multiplication L-15 g

ग_ तजु करमाु n secret, confidential matter - g गCनुु v to lose, miss g

गWुु n teacher L-2 g, p ग@लयरोु adj sweet L-2 g

गठfुल n religious or cultural association, land

owned by cultural association - an गमजल n arch, archway - g गह-मXऽुमालय n Home Ministry - p गqडमा n rhinoceros L-6 g गरोठ n cow shed - ag गरो•नु v to weed ag मह n planet g

घटमाउनु v (tr.) to subtract, decrease, reduce, diminish something L-15 g

घ‡नु v to be decreased, be reduced L-23 g घडज घn watch L-9 g Œटमा n hour L-7 g

(20)

15

Nepali - English Glossary

घमानँट+ n throat L-14 g

घमानँस n grass, fodder L-3 g, ag घमाम n sun, sunlight L-24 g अुघकःयमाउनु v to drag, pull g

घCनुु v to travel, walk, revolve L-11 g चब n wheel g

चटकw n magician an

च‘नु v to climb, ride - g चXदमा n donation - an, g

चCचमा n spoon, yes-man, sycophant (slang) L-12 g, h चरमा n bird L-24 g, h

चरमाउनु v to graze L-31 g, ag

चलन n custom, use, manner - g, an

चलमाउनु v to run, drive, stir, pick on someone L-16 g चलमाख adj clever, sharp or quick minded L-9 g

चलमाखज n cleverness g

चलमानज गनNुु v to dispatch, consign - p चमानँडझै adj early L-13 g

चमानँद+ n silver L-37 g

चमाख लमा=दरो adj interesting L-8 g

चमानचनुजीे, चमानचनु n small change, ordinary, insignificant

(slang) g

चमामल n rice (husked, uncooked) - g, ag, h चमालचलन चमालल चमाJहनु adj running, functioning, outgoing - g n manner, behavior, conduct L-13 an, g v to be needed L-12 g अुचज अुच’ुज n cheese - g, h n letter L-14 g

(21)

16

Nepali - English Glossary

अुचनज n sugar L-2 g, h

अुचX नु v to recognize, know, be acquainted with L-22 g अुअच_लनु v to slip, slide L-23 g

अुच_लरो adj slippery L-23 g अुचयमा n tea L-3 g, h

अुचयमाउनु v to peep, peer g अुचनNुु v to saw, chop L-37 g

अुचसरो adj cold (used for things) L-7 g चजज, चजजबजज n things L-11 g

चनमावु n election - p

चप लमा=नुु v to be quiet L-18 g

चपु-चमाप बकःनु v to sit quietly, remain quiet L-26 g चररोटु n cigarette L-6 g, h

चतझै n twelfth month in Nepal calendar L-17 g चरोट+ n time L-26 g

चनौतमारमा n a resting place under tree L-36

छनNुु v to sow (seeds), spread (things), scatter,

broadcast grain - ag

छमातमा n umbrella L-6 g छमाऽ n pupil - p

छमाऽुमावमास n student hostel - p

छमानबजन n scrutiny, close examination - p छमाX नु v to choose, select - p

छमाप n official stamp, seal - p

छमालमा n skin, leather, animal hides - g, ag

@छटरो adj fast L-9 g

@छण छ“ुजु n moment L-9 g n vacation, day off, break - g छ‡ यमाुउनु v to separate - g

(22)

17

Nepali - English Glossary

छर+ुु n knife, dagger L-37 g

छउछमाउजीे n vicinity, neighborhood, close at hand g छरोटरो adj short (length) L-8 g

छरो•नु v to leave, quit, give up - g

” यमास@मसजीे adj intermingled, made of many things - g जगमग n sparkle g

जगर n mane, short stiff hair on an animal’s neck g ज=गमा n land - ag

ज•ल n jungle, forest L-34 g, ag ज@त adv about, approximately L-26 g

जनकपरु n city in southern Nepal, also the name of a

zone - p

जनतXऽ n democracy, people’s rule - p जनतमा n people, the people - p

जनस•यमाअं n population - p

जनकः<ुमाकःथ n public health - p

जनमा suf suffix used for counting people L-3 g जनमा<र n animal L-25 g, ag

जXतु n animal L-25 g, ag जXम n birth g

जबमाफ n answer L-2 g

जमघट n gathering, meeting L-29 g, p

जमजन n land - ag जमजXदमार n landowner, usually one who employs - ag, p tenant workers

जCजममा Cadj total L-6 g ममा गनNुु v to collect, gather L-37 g जWर+ adj important, urgent - g

(23)

18

Nepali - English Glossary

जलमाधमार n watershed -

जलमाशय adj full of water - जवमान n youth, young man - g

जकःतझै, जकःतरो adj like, similar to L-13 g

जJहलप@नजीे adv whenever, at any time L-25 g जमानँच n test, exam, inspection - p, g

जमानँtनु v to examine, test L-30 g जमाइ लमा=नु v to attack g

जमाडरो adj cold (used only for weather) L-7 g जमातज adj good, well g

जमादगरू n magician an

जमानकमार+ n information, knowledge - g जमानु v to go L-1 g

जमाX नु v to know how, have a skill L-10 g जमापमानज adj Japanese L-10 g

जमाहमानँकw conj whereas L-32 g

जमाहरजीे adj apparent, manifest, noted, known,

obvious - p अुज–ुमासमा n curiosity, inquest L-28 g अुअजXस n commodity, property - p अुजCममा, अुजCममावमार+ n responsibility, charge - p, g अुजbलमा n district L-26 g, p जज@बकमा n livelihood g जजवन n life L-25 g जजव-@ब–ुमान n biology L-8 g, ag, p जठरोु adj impure (food) L-16 g जnुमाु n shoe(s) L-1 g, h जनपनजु adj whichever, any - g

(24)

19

Nepali - English Glossary

जCलमाु n district in the Western part of Nepal L-16 g जठजीे n second month in the Nepali calendar L-17 g जहरोसजीेत phr in any case, anyway L-16 g

जरोड n addition, sum; force, pressure; joint L-13 g जरो•नु v to add, join L-15 g

जरोu नु v to plow - ag

जरोमसरोम n name of a town in northwestern Nepal - g

–ुमान n knowledge, wisdom - g

Pयमाकटजीे n jacket L-23 g

Pयमादमा adj in excess, too much - g

Pयमामज n day-laborer - p, ag

Pयरो@तषज n astrologer an

झगडमा n quarrel, lawsuit - g, p

झटपट adj fast, instantly, at once g झŒडझै adv almost L-10 g

झन-अकःतज adv one day before, the day before yesterday L-9 g झbकनु v to sparkle, glitter g झमाडज n bush L-34 g, ag अुझ•नु v to take out L-37 g अुझ•ट+ n brick tile - ag झपडजु n cottage, hut h झठमाल adj false g झरोलमा n bag L-1 g

झरोल•ुजीे पलुल n suspension bridge - ag, g

—यमाल खमान n jail - p

—यमाल, !ुमाल n window L-1 g, h टमाउकरो Jटकट n head L-14 g n ticket, stamp L-7 g

(25)

20

Nepali - English Glossary

Jटकमा n Tikaa, auspicious mark (frequently red)

worn on the forehead L-34 g, an Jटकमा लगमाउनु v to wear a Tikaa L-34 g, an टबमाु n piece g टKरकःटु n tourist L-16 g टबलजीेु n table L-1 g, h टरोप n Western-style hat L-3 h टरोJप n Nepali hat, cap L-3 h

टरोल n ward (of a city or big town), street, for

example Thamel Tol - g

ठमाउनँ n place L-25 g

ठमाX नु v to assume g ठमाम n place g

pठक adj right, okay, correct L-7 g ठलरोल adj big L-8 g

ठ˜ुमाजीे n contract, lease - g, p ठगमान गनNुजीेु v to make certain - g ठरोस adj actual, solid - g

डमा•नु v to call, summon, invite - g

डढजीे adj one and a half (measurement) L-31 g डरमाजीे n apartment L-7 g

ढगअं, ढ• n methods, manner, style - an, g ढमा•नु v to cover, conceal, hide g ढमाड n backbone, spine g

Jढलरो adj late, slow L-9 g

ढ•ुमाु ढरोकमा तछमाडमछमाडनँ तn stone, rock L-19 g un door, gate L-1 g, h कमाल adv immediately, all at once - g adj rush, jostle, keen competition - तuकमाल+न adj contemporaneous, of that time, then - g

(26)

21

Nepali - English Glossary

तथमा conj and (formal, literary) L-31 g त™यमाA n statistics, census - g, p

तपमाई pron you (formal) L-1 g तर conj but L-5 g

तरमाई n Terai, the southern part of Nepal L-11 g, p तकमाNर+ n vegetable(s) L-3 g

तफN n side, towards - g तलब n salary L-36 g, p

तलमा n floor, level (i.e. first, second, etc) - g तलमाउ n lake g

तसथN adv thus, therefore, on account of that - g तह n layer, stratum, arrangement - g

तमाकत n strength, energy - g तमाJकतमा n reminder, pressure - g तमातरो adj hot (for things) L-7 g तमानत n loom - h

तमाX नु v to pull L-37 g तमाप n heat L-24 g

तमा_नु v to bask, warm oneself g तमाममा n bamboo shoot L-37 g, ag

तमामलजीे n finished, accomplishment, completion - g तमामल गनNुजीेु v to finish, complete, accomplish - g तमाKरख n date (Western calendar) L-9 g

तमाल n lake, timing in music, rhythm L-10 g, ag तमाल+@@@तनज तमज तर म n training L-17 g suf about (time), towards (direction) L-4 g pron you (familiar) - g pron she (singular familiar) L-8 g

(27)

22

Nepali - English Glossary

@तखमाN adj thirsty L-7 g

@तहमार n festival of brothers and sisters

(in November) L-30 g, an तज adj, pron those L-3 g तWXतुझै adv immediately L-21 g तसमाररोु n frost L-13 g, ag

तजजीे adj smart, bright L-25 g

तप@नझै conj although, even though, even so L-26 g तरोJकएकरो कमाम n duty, assigned work - g

तरो•नु v to depute, appoint, decide, allocate - g तरोप n cannon - p

तरोर+ n mustard - h, ag तनौल n weight - g

uय@तXजलजीे prep until then L-30 g

uयतजकमा adj that much, so much L-10 g

uयसकमारण adv therefore, for that reason L-5 g

uयसलझैजीे adv that is why L-5 g

uयहमानँ, uयमाहमानँ adv there L-3 g uयरो adj, pron that L-1 g ऽममा@सकझै adv quarterly - g थकमाई n fatigue, exhaustion L-7 g थप n addition, increment - g थप˜ adv quietly, calmly g

थ_नु v to give more, add more L-26 g थ_पड थकथमा•नु थमाbn slap g Nनु v to be tired, be exhausted g ममान हनुु v to start, begin L-37 g v to be trembling with fear g

(28)

23

Nepali - English Glossary

थमाहमा n knowledge L-5 g

थलरोझै n kind of Nepali bag L-31 g थरोक n things, type, kind L-29 g अद7ण n south L-16 g

दफमा n number of a section (in a document) - g, p दयमालु adj kind g

दरखमाकःत n petition, application - p दरमाज n cupboard L-28 h, g

दतमाN n entry (in office accounts or registers) - p दशNन n view, vision, appearance - an, p, g

दशNन गनNुु v to view, inspect, pay homage,

ceremonially visit - an, p, g

दशमा n bad condition, state, bad days g

दशq n important Hindu festival, usually in

October L-30 g, an, p दJह n yoghurt L-7 h दमानँPनु v to compare - g दमानँत n teeth L-14 g दमाई n older brother L-2 g, an दमाउरमा n firewood L-37 g, ag

दमान n gift (religious), contribution - an दमाम n price, money - g

दमाल भमात n daal and rice (Nepali meal) L-3 g, h दमाग+ n beard g

pदउसरो n afternoon L-4 g

pद˜ adj bored L-7 g

pदद+ n older sister L-2 g, an

pदन n day L-5 g

(29)

24

Nepali - English Glossary

pदसमा n diarrhea L-7 g

दु:ख n pain, grief, suffering, trouble L-7 g दु:खद adj painful, sad g

दधु n milk L-3 h

द@नयमाु n society, public, people, the world, subject - p दबुझै adj,

pron both L-10 g

द|लरोु adj weak, thin (for people and animals) L-13 g दWुकःतु adj exact, accurate, correct - g

दSुु adj cruel, wicked, immoral g दखमाउनजीेु v to show L-18 g

दखजजीे prep from L-1 g द• नजीेु v to see L-18 g

दबजजीे n Devi, a Hindu goddess L-34 g, an दशजीे n country L-8 g, p

द@नकझै adv daily - g

दरोधमारममा adj undecided, in a dilemma (literally: on

two edges) g

दरोयमाNउनु v to repeat L-26 g

šुमारमा prep by, through (the agency of) - g धnर+ुजीे interj oh no, whoops L-9 g

धनज adj rich L-336 g, p

धXयबमाद n thank you L-13 g, p, an

धमN n religion, duty, virtue, justice L-31 g, p, an धमारण गनNुु v to possess, adopt - धमारमा न˜धधरजसरोजीेझै धरजीेझै ल n water tap - ag, an, p Wn copy, imitation - g, p adj very, many L-7 g ुु-धadv usually, mostly L-14 g W Wनुु v to weep (bitterly) -

(30)

25

Nepali - English Glossary

न˜ल+ adj artificial, counterfeit, not genuine, fake - g, p न•शमा n map L-15 p, ag, g

अनजक adj, adv close by, nearby - g

नतजजमा n result, effect, consequence L-27 g

नuथज adj attached, file (of papers) threaded

together - g

नद+ n river L-8 g, ag

नमनमाु n example, sample, model - p, g नॆ adj politely g

नयमानँ adj new L-6 g

नरममाईलरो adj unpleasant L-5 g नरमाॆरो adj not good, bad L-2 g

नल+ n pipe, tube, tobacco pipe - ag, h नS n destruction g

नमाईकजीे n leader, chief, master, foreman - p नमाक n nose L-14 g

नमा›नु v to exceed, overcome, step over - p, g नमाtनु v to dance L-12 g

नमानज n term of affection (fem.), dear (for

youngsters) L-39 g

नमाप n measurement - p, ag नमापज, नमापजमानँच n survey - p, ag नमाफमा n profit - p, ag

नमाम नमाश n name L-1 g n destruction, ruin, loss g n export commodities - p @नकमासमाममान @सहन ुुजीे

(31)

26

Nepali - English Glossary

@नज pron self (himself, oneself, etc) - g

@नतज n policy L-31 g, p

@नuय adv always - g

@नXअुमा adj sleepy L-7 g

@नपसˆ adv one day after, the day after tomorrow - g

@नCन @अलखत adj the following - g

@नयXऽण n control, restriction, limitation - p

@नयXऽण गनNुु v to control, restrict - p

@नयम n rule, principle (as distinguished from

law) - p

@नय@मत adj prescribed, assigned, regular - p

@नयLुु adj appointed, designated - p

@नयL गनNुुु v to appoint - p

@नर adj near, close L-1 g

@नर+7क n inspector, supervisor - p

@नर+7ण n inspection, supervision, observation - p

@नणNय n decision - g, p

@नदœशक n director L-11 g, p

@नदœशन n guidance, direction, supervision - p

@नबमाNचन n election - p

@नममाNण n construction - p, ag, g

@नममाNण गनNुु v to construct - p, ag, g

@@नलरो नवदनजीे @@अननँ चअननँ चत adj blue L-3 g n request, application - g, p Xadj fixed, certain - g त adj without doubt g @ननँ चय n sure knowledge, resolution, determination - g

(32)

27

Nepali - English Glossary

नतमाजीे n leader - p

न@ऽuवजीे n leadership - p नरोकर+ n service - p

नरो•समान n loss, damage, harm - p, g, ag

Xयमानरो adj warm L-13 g

Xयमाय n justice, law - p

Xयमायमा@धस n judge - p

पकमाउनु v to cook L-3 g, h

पछमाKरनु v to fall, be thrown down g

प@छ prep after, later, afterwards L-4 g पF च-बJषNय

यरोजनमा

n five year plan - p

पढमाउनु n to teach L-5 g, p प‘नु v to read, study L-1 g, p

पnुमा लगमाउनु v to investigate, find out g पऽ n letter - g

पऽप@ऽकमा, प@ऽकमा

n newspaper, magazine - g, p

पद<ुज n rank, title, honor - p प@न adv also L-2 g

पXजमा n hand, glove (anything with five fingers) L-1 - परदशजीे n abroad, a foreign country - p

पर<ुमाह n care, concern - g

पKरचय n acquaintance, introduction - g पKरणमाम n result, outcome - g

पKरवतNन n change, alteration - g

(33)

28

Nepali - English Glossary

पर<ुमाजीे n pigeon g, ag

प@सN n the day after tomorrow L-4 g पशु n domestic animal - ag पशु-पमालन n animal husbandry - ag पसल n store, shop L-7 g पहलरोजीे adj yellow L-3 g पमाईनु v to be available L-6 g पमाठ n lesson L-2 g, p

पमाठरो n kid (baby goat), sheep ag पमात n leaf L-3 g, ag

पमानज n water L-3 g, ag

पमानज लगमाउनु v to irrigate L-19 g, ag

पमालन n support, maintenance, respect, nurture - g

पमालन गनNुु v to support, maintain, obey, follow,

respect, practice, nurture - g

पमालरो n turn g

पमाbनु v to tame, domesticate, grow, raise ag पमाहमाड n mountain L-8 g, ag

Jपउनु v to drink L-6 g

Jपtछजीे suf each, every, individually - g

Jपठरो n flour L-7 h

Jप` युअं n back (of a person) -

Jपर n sadness, sorrow, worry L-7 g

Jपररो पजजुअं adj hot (spicy) L-2 g, h n capital (money) - p पजजबमादुअं n capitalism - p

पजज<प”ुु नु ुमालुअं n capitalist - p v to wipe g प•कुजीे n dwarf -

(34)

29

Nepali - English Glossary

पनु: adv again - g परमानरोु adj old L-6 g पWषु n man, male - g पकःतकु n book - g पकःतकमालयु n library - g पश गनNुजीेु v to submit - g पनँकwुजीे, पशकwुजीे n advance (money) - g परोखरमा n a city in western Nepal L-10 g परोहर n last year - g

पनौनजीे adv quarter to, 3/4 L-9 g

_अयमाज adj purple L-3 g ुलकमार n kind(s), sort(s) g ुलअकमाशत adj published - g ुलकतजृ n nature - g ुल•यमातत adj famous - g, p ुलगतज n progress - p, g ुलचमार n publicity - p ुलजमा n people p ुल@तकयमाृ n reaction - g ुल@त@न@ध n representative - g ुल@तयरो@गतमा n competition - g

ुल@तवमा• n defense, reply (of a lawsuit), counter-- g, p agreement

ुलतज n copy, number (of paper), towards (people only) - g

(35)

30

Nepali - English Glossary

ुलधमान adj chief, prime, main - p ुलधमान मXऽुज n Prime Minister - p ुलभमाव n influence, effect - g, p ुलभमावकमार+ adj influential - g, p

ुलमखु adj chief, main - p

ुलयu न गनNुु v to attempt, endeavor (formal) - g ुलयरोग गनNुु v to use - g

ुलवचन n speech, lecture - g

ुलशसमा गनNुअंुु v to praise, appreciate g

ुलशकःत adj plenty, sufficient, abundant, more than

enough - g

ुलशमासJकय adj administrative - p ुलशमासन n administration - p

अुलश7ण n practical education or training - p ुलनँ नमाबल+ n questionnaire - p, ag, an

ुलसमार n extension (i.e. agricultural extension),

spreading - g

ुलसतज गहुृ n maternity hospital - g ुलकःतमाव n proposal - p, g

ुलकःतत गनNुुतु v to present, show, exhibit, declare - g ुलकःथमान n departure, going away - g

ुलकःन n question L-2 g

ुलमाणज n living beings g ुलमाणज Jव–ुमान n zoology L-3 g

ुलमाथुलमा@मकतमा ž adj received, obtained, acquired - g n priority - g ुलमा@ब@धक adj technical - p, ag

ुलमा@ब@ध– n technician - p, ag

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31

Nepali - English Glossary

ुलमाय जसरो adv usually L-5 g ुलमजीे-वमातमाN n love-talk g

फकNनु v to return L-10 g

फकमाNउनु v to send back, restore - g फयमाNक adj wide L-8 g

फलफलु n fruit L-6 g, h, ag

फलमानरो n so and so, such and such (person or

things) - g

फलमाम n iron (metal) L-37 g

फमाअंट n section, division, a wide open space of

land (usually cultivated) - g

फमागनु n eleventh month of the Nepali calendar L-17 g फमाbनु v to brush off, throw g

Jफकमा adj light (color) L-3 g

JफतमाN n return, refund - g

फ˜ुमाु adj independent, free - p, g

फचुजीे, फtचुजीे adj little, tiny (boy or girl) g फटमाउनुु v to break, smash, cause dissention - g फसNदु, फसNतु n free time, leisure L-21 g

फलु n egg g h, g, ag फल पमानNुुु v to lay an egg L-37 ag फbनुु v to bloom g, ag फKरजीे adv again L-26 g फरोहर, फरोहरोर adj dirty L-8 g बखतत n time - g

बगलबजमार + n pocket g, h n bazaar, market L-6 g बजमाउनु v (tr.) to ring (a bell), play musical instrument, cause others to quarrel L-9 g

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32

Nepali - English Glossary

बPनु v to strike, ring L-9 g बटbनुु v to collect, gather - g ब“ुमा n pack L-6 g

बढमानNुु v to sweep h

बढ+ adj excess, more than enough or needed - g बढ<ुमाु n promotion - p

ब‘तमा adj more, excess - g बदल+ n replacement - p बदल+ गनNुु v to replace - p बन n forest L-33 g, ag बनकःपतज Jव–ुमान n battery L-8 g, p बनमाउनु v to make L-3 g बXद गनNुु v to close L-1 g बXदरोबकःत n arrangements, management - p बअमरोजम prep phrase in accordance with - g बयर n type of berry ag

बयमान n account, description, explanation - p, g बरमाबर adj regular, equal - g, p

बगN n social class - p

ब@गNय सगठनअं n class organization - p बषN n year L-4 g

बषमाNबतb, ल-बषमातbN n monsoon L-29 g, ag ल adv by hook or by crook, at last, finally g बस n bus L-11 g

बकःतु बकःनु बहकमाउनु n domestic animals, goods, objects - g, ag v to sit L-1 g v to mislead, tempt, beguile g बJहनज n younger sister L-2 g, an

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33

Nepali - English Glossary

बमानँकw n remaining, left over L-9 g

बमानँझरो adj uncultivated, fallow, barren बमानँध n dam - ag

बमानँ@धनु v to be tied g बमानँस n bamboo - ag, h बमा n father L-2 g, an

बमाभमा n goat (in general) ag बमाभज n she-goat - ag, h

बमाट prep from L-6 g

बमाटरो n road, trail, path, way L-11 g बमा•नु v to distribute - p

बमानज n habit - g, an

बमापतत prep for, in place of, instead of - g बमाफरबमाफजीे interj wow L-9 g

बमार n fence - g, h, ag

बमाल सगठनअं n Children’s Organization - p बमालमाजु n name of an area in Kathmandu L-35 g बमाल+ n crops, harvest - ag

बमाकःतव n fact, actually - g, p बमाकःतवममा phrase in fact g, p

बमाकःतJवक adj factual, actual - g, p बमाJहर prep outside L-8 g

@बउ n seed ag

@बक@सत adj developed - p

@बकमास n development - p

@बअकXअुकरणजीे n decentralization - p

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34

Nepali - English Glossary

@ब@मनु v to be broken, not functioning L-11 g

@बघमा n unit of land measurement, 5/8 acre - ag

@बचरमा adj poor, unfortunate - g

@बचमार n thought, opinion L-3 g

@बचमार गनNुु v to think L-3 g

@ब–ुमान n science L-5 p

@बतकरोजीे adj past (time, events) - g

@ब{ुमा n education, learning - p

@ब{ुमाथˆ n student L-2 g, p

@ब{त @बभमागु n Power Department - p

@बधवमा n widow an

@बXतज n request, urge - g

@बबरण n detailed description, procedure - g

@बबमाद n argument, dispute - g

@बभमाग n department - p

@बभमाजन n allocation, division - p

@बयरोग n tragedy g

@बW¡ adj opposed, against - p

@बW<ुमा n seedling - ag

@बWवमा n plant L-24 g, ag

@बररोध n opposition, contest, protest - p

@बररोधज adj antagonistic, hostile, opposed - p

@बसNनु v to forget L-11 g

@बनँ व@Jबनँ <व{ुमाशज ुमालय adj faithful, sure, reliable - g n university L-23 g

@बनँ <ुमास n confidence, faith, trust, belief - g, an

@ब¢ुमास गरमाउनु v to convince - g, an

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35

Nepali - English Glossary

@बJहबमार n Thursday - g बझमाउनुु v to explain - g

ब—नुु v to understand L-24 g बधबमारु n Wednesday L-8 g

बहमार+ुु n daughter-in-law, younger brother's wife an बnुजृ n profession, occupation - p

बJ¡ुृ n growth - g बईPजतजजीे n insult g

बtनजीेु v to sell L-37 g

बमतलबजीे adj meaningless - g, p

बमनौकमाजीे n inopportune time, untimely - an, g बजीे@ल@बकःतमार adv

phrase

description in all its details p

बलकमाजीेु n evening L-4 g बसजीे adj fine, good - g

बसर+ुजीे adv excessively, amply - g बठकझै n meeting - p बरमा=यझै n frustration, depression - बरोट n plant, tree - ag बरोधमाथN n circular - p बरोरमा n sack - g बरोbनु v to speak - g

|अयn n individual (person) - g |यबकःथमा n administration, arrangement, management, authorization - p

|यबहमार n use, manner, treatment, practice - p

|यबहमार+क adj practical, in common use, routine - p

|यहरोरमा, बहरोरमाजीे n points, details, body of writing - p

|यमाज n interest (financial) - p

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36

Nepali - English Glossary

|यमा_ त adj full, widespread, extensive, pervasive g भगवमान n God - an, g

भnुमा n allowance (i.e. for travel) - p भदनौ n fifth month in Nepali calendar L-17 g भX नु v to tell, say L-1 g

भ@बनँय n future - g, p, an

भयAर adj fearful, dreadful, ferocious g भयमानक adj terrible L-36 g

भरजीे adj later on, afterwards - g भनNुु v to fill - g

भलरो adj good, fine - g भवद+य adv sincerely - g, p भवन n building - g भवन @बभमाग n Building Department - p भमानँडमा n utensil (general) L-31 g भमाई n younger brother L-2 g, an भमाग n part, section L-2 g, an भमाडमा n rent, hire - g भमाXछमा n kitchen L-15 g, h भमाXजमा n sister’s son an भमार+, भमार n load, burden g, ag भमालु भमालजीे n bear g n male (for animals) - ag

भमावनमा भमाषण n attitude, way of thinking or feeling - p, an n speech, lecture - g, p भमाषमा भमाषमा पमाठशमालमा n language L-4 g n language school - g, p

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37

Nepali - English Glossary

भईकटरु n pineapple L-6 g, h भगरोलु n geography L-5 g, p भuलमाु n fur g भमज सधमारुु n land reform - p, ag भतपवN स@नक ुललझै सगठनअं n Ex-Soldier’s Organization - p

भŸुजीे n meeting, visit, interview - p भ‡नजीेु v to meet L-1 g

भडमाजीे n sheep ag

भदन गनNुजीेु v to pierce, make a hole in; bewitch g भरोक adj hungry L-7 g भरोकमर+ n famine - p, ag, an भरोज n party L-7 g भरोल+ adv tomorrow L-4 g भनौ@तक शमाd n physics L-8 g £यमागतरोु n frog -

ुॅमण n tour, field trip - p, ag म pron I L-1 g

म•स• n purpose - g

म•ल n joy, happiness; Mars - g म•लवमार n Tuesday - g

म•@सर n eighth month of the Nepali calendar L-17 g

म“ुजतलजीे मतलब मदत गनn kerosene - h, g n aim, intention, meaning - g Nुु v to help L-34 g मŒडल n group or bunch of people, orbit, an congregation

म-यम वगN n middle-class - p मन n mind L-5 g

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38

Nepali - English Glossary

मन पनNुु v to like L-5 g मन लमा=नु v to feel like L-5 g मनसमाय n intention, desire g मनमाई, मनमाह+ n ban, prohibition - g, p मनमाउनु v to celebrate L-36 g मनरोर¤न n entertainment - g मXऽुमालय n Ministry - p मXऽुज n Minister - p अमXदर n temple L-17 g, an मरमत n repair(s) - g मरमत गनNुु v to repair L-36 g मल n manure ag मशलXद adj miscellaneous - g

मसमाXत n last day of the month - g मसज n ink - g

मसनौदमा n draft (of a paper) - g मह•ुरो adj expensive L-10 g

महu< n importance, value - g महu<पणNुल adj important - g

महशलल n tax, rent, duty, excise, fee - p महससु n realization, feeling - g

महसस गनNुुु v to realize - g महमादशजीे n continent L-8 g, p

ममJJहनमा हलमा सगठनअं n month L-10 g n Women’s Organization - g, p महरोदय ममाइजु ममा prep in, on, at L-1 g n sir, gentleman - g, p, an n mother’s brother’s wife L-2 an

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39

Nepali - English Glossary

ममाइनट बकुु n minute book (of meetings) - p ममाग n demand - g

ममा=नु v to ask, demand, beg L-27 g

ममाघ n tenth month in the Nepali calendar L-17 g ममाछमा n fish L-35 g, h ममाछमा परोखर+ n fish pond - ag ममाझ n middle L-31 g ममाटरो n soil L-20 g, ag ममाऽ adj only L-6 g ममादक पदमाथN n intoxicating substance - g ममान n respect, rank - g ममानव शमाd n anthropology L-8 g, an, p

ममानसररोबर n name of a lake in Tibet L-22 g ममा@नस n person L-3 g

ममाXछजीे n person L-3 g

ममाX नु v to agree, obey, respect, follow or practice

(a religion) L-36 g ममाफ गनNुु v to excuse, pardon L-10 g ममाममा n mother’s brother L-2 g, an ममायमा गनNुु v to love L-36 g ममागN n avenue, road - g ममानNुु v to kill L-36 g

ममाफNत prep care of, through, via - g ममाल n goods, freight L-26 g

ममाल अ¥ुमा n Revenue Office - p ममासु n meat L-6 h

@मठरो @मतज adj tasty L-2 g n date (general) L-9 g

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40

Nepali - English Glossary

@मलनसमार adj friendly L-8 g

@मलमाउनु v to bring together, join, adjust, reconcile,

fix - g

@मसमाउनु v to mix L-16 g

@मdुज n mechanic, wood worker, mason - ag, p, g

@मJहनत गनNुजीेु v to work hard L-25 g

@मJहनतजजीे adj diligent L-25 g

मLुजनमाथु n name of a religious site in western Nepal L-22 g मखु n mouth, face L-14 g

मखजयमाु n headman of a village, patriarch, senior

clerk - p, ag

मजमजमाुुझै adj wrinkled g म’ुजु n handful, palm g

मतमा@बकु adj in accordance with - g

म¦ुमाु n court-case, law-suit - मनमाफमाु n profit - g

मखNुु adj stupid g मतˆुु n statue L-20 g

मलकुल n country, state - p

मलकw ऐनुल n national laws, legal code - p मbयु n value, worth, price - g

मbयमा§नु n evaluation - g

अमनँकलु _{मकःतमा•ुु}_{मलसऽुलु}adj difficult L-23 g _{n a district in northern Nepal L-16 g}_{n elements, rudiments - g} मगृ n deer g

मचजीे n chair L-1 g, h मलजीे मदमानझै n agreement, accord - g n open field - g मरोजमा n socks L-1 g, h

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41

Nepali - English Glossary

मरोटरो adj fat, healthy L-13 g मरो@त n pearl g

मरोल n price, cost - g

मरोह+ n tenant or sharecropper - g, p

मनौकमा n chance, opportunity, occasion - g मनौसम n weather L-17 g

Cयमाद n due date, time limit - g यpद conj if L-18 g

यसकमारण adv for this reason, so L-5 g यसलझैजीे adv this is why L-5 g

यहमानँ, यमाहमानँ adv here L-3 g यमाक n yak L-6 g

यमातमायमातत n transportation - g

यमाद गनNुु v to memorize, remember L-26 g

यमाहमानँ adj here (also very polite for ‘you’) L-22 g

Jय pron these L-3 g यरो pron this L-1 g

यरो चमाJहनँ pron this one L-3 g यरो=यतमा n qualification - g

यरोजनमा n written plan, project - g र conj and L-2 g

रकम n sum, amount, kind, sort, item - g र7ुमा n protection g

र•सज र•सज लमाn rakshi, alcohol, hard liquor L-10 g, h =नु v to be drunk L-16 g र• n color L-3 g

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42

Nepali - English Glossary

रममाईलरो adj pleasant L-5 g रसमायन शमाd n chemistry L-8 g, p र@सद n receipt - g रहनु v to be found, remain L-22 g रहर n desire L-29 g रमा• नु v to put, keep L-3 g रमाजदतु n ambassador - p रमाजधमानज n capital L-17 g, p रमाजनज@त n politics - p रमाजनज@त शमाd n political science L-8 g, p रमाजन@तकझै adj political - p रमातज n night L-4 g रमातरो n red L-3 g

रमाॆरो adj good, beautiful L-2 g रमाय n opinion, idea - g रमा[प@त n president - p रमाJ[य adj national L-18 g, p KरL ुकःथमान n vacancy (place) - g Kरnुरो adj vacant - g Wख n tree L-25 g, ag Wघमा n cold (sickness) L-7 g Wनु v to cry L-36 g

Wप n form, appearance, shape - g

WJपयमा n rupee (primary unit of currency in Nepal) L-5 g रजीे particle used at the end of a phrase or sentence when information is second hand or reported - g

रख दख गनNुजीेजीेु v to supervise, look after - g र@डयरोजीे n radio L-18 g

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43

Nepali - English Glossary

ररोग n disease L-31 g ररोट+ n bread L-34 g, h

ररोट Jप•ुजीे n ferris wheel L-34 g

ररोपनज n land measurement common in the hills - ag ल interj well, okay L-9 g

लआय n aim, target, goal - g लखपतज n millionaire - g, p

लगत n cost, price - g

लगमाउनु v to wear, put on (clothes); grow grain L-19 g, h ल=नु v to take with L-27 g

लमा@ग prep for L-12 g

लमाग गनNुुु v to apply, implement - g लमा=नु v to feel like, assume L-7 g लमाभ n gain, advantage, profit - g लमामरो adj long L-8 g

@अलखत adj written - g

@ल• n gender - g, an

@ल•ुजीे Jप• n long rope swing tied to four bamboo

trees - g

@लनु v to take L-5 g

लखकजीे n writer, author - g ल• नजीेु v to write L-1 g, p

लजमाझैनु v to bring with, carry away L-27 g लरोक लरोकसवमाजीे n people, world, planet, universe g, p n public service - p

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44

Nepali - English Glossary

वडमानNुु v to sweep L-24 g वहमानँ pron s/he (formal) L-1 g शकमाअं n doubt, suspicion - g श@न n Saturn (planet) - श@नबमार n Saturday - -

शमाखमा n branch (of a Department or Ministry) - p अशमाXत n peace - g

अशमाXत सवमाजीे n Peace Corps - g अुश7क n teacher L-17 g, p अुअश7त adj educated L-21 g, p

शजय adv at once, immediately, soon - g शबु n Venus (planet) -

शबबमारु n Friday - -

श¡ुु adj clear, pure, correct - g शभु adj good, auspicious L-22 g ुनौम n labor, toil - g

ुनौमदमान n voluntary labor - g, p ुनौजमतज n Mrs, wife - g

ुनौजममान n Mr, husband - g सकटकमा@लनअं n emergency L-33 g

सकतअंुजीे n sign, code, gesture, hint, symbol - g स•यमाअं n numbers L-1 g

सगनँ prep with L-3 g

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45

Nepali - English Glossary

सचअंुझै adj fine, well, good L-4 g

सयnुअंुु adj combined, united, joined - g सयn रमा[हWुअंुु n United Nations - p ससमारअं n world L-8 g सकःकतजअंुृ n culture L-29 g, p, an सकःथमाअं n institution, organization - p सJकनु v to be finished L-37 g स•नु v to be able, can L-9 g सघमाउनु v to help, assist g, p सJ•त n music L-18 g असचब n secretary - g सजमाईनु v to be decorated g असजलरो adj easy, simple L-7 g स“ुमाममा prep instead of L-37 g सडक n road L-6 g

सडक@बभमाग n Department of Roads - p सuयतमा n reality, truth - g

सदर n capital, place of control; approval,

sanction - p सदर मकमामु n headquarters - p सदकःय n member - p सदकःयतमा n membership - p सधq adv always L-5 g

स@नबमार ससXXतरोषमखु n Saturday L-9 g , prep face to face - g सXतरोस n satisfied, satisfaction g सफमा adj clean L-8 g