Marketing Mix Marketing Mix
Marketing Mix
Marketing Mix is the set of marketing tools that the firm uses to pursue its marketingis the set of marketing tools that the firm uses to pursue its marketing objectives. Marketing mix has a classification for these marketing tools. These marketing objectives. Marketing mix has a classification for these marketing tools. These marketing are classified and called as the Four Ps i.e.
are classified and called as the Four Ps i.e. Product, Price, Place and PProduct, Price, Place and Promotion.romotion. The most basic marketing tool is product which includes product design, quality, The most basic marketing tool is product which includes product design, quality, features, branding, and packaging.
features, branding, and packaging.
A critical marketing tool is price i.e. the amount of
A critical marketing tool is price i.e. the amount of money that customers pay for themoney that customers pay for the product. It also includes discounts, allowances, credit terms and payment period. product. It also includes discounts, allowances, credit terms and payment period.
Place is another key marketing mix tool.
Place is another key marketing mix tool. And it includes various activities the companyAnd it includes various activities the company undertakes to make the product ac
undertakes to make the product accessible and available to the customer. Some cessible and available to the customer. Some factorsfactors that decide the place are transport facilities, channels of
that decide the place are transport facilities, channels of distribution, coverage area, etc.distribution, coverage area, etc. Promotion is the fourth marketing mix tool which includes all
Promotion is the fourth marketing mix tool which includes all the activities that thethe activities that the company undertakes to communicate and
company undertakes to communicate and promote its product to target market. Promotionpromote its product to target market. Promotion includes sales promotion, advertising, sales force, public relations, direct marketing, etc. includes sales promotion, advertising, sales force, public relations, direct marketing, etc.
Product Product
In marketing, a product is anything that can
In marketing, a product is anything that can be offered to a market that might be offered to a market that might satisfy asatisfy a want or need. It is of two t
want or need. It is of two types: Tangible (physical) and Intangible (non-physical). Sinceypes: Tangible (physical) and Intangible (non-physical). Since services have been at the
services have been at the forefront of all modern marketing strategies, some intangibilityforefront of all modern marketing strategies, some intangibility has become essential part of marketing offers. It is therefore the complete b
has become essential part of marketing offers. It is therefore the complete b undle of undle of benefits or satisfactions that buyers
benefits or satisfactions that buyers perceive they will obtain if they purchase the product.perceive they will obtain if they purchase the product. It is the sum of all physical, psychological, symbolic, and
It is the sum of all physical, psychological, symbolic, and service attributes, not just theservice attributes, not just the physical merchandise. All products offered in a market can be placed between Tangible physical merchandise. All products offered in a market can be placed between Tangible
(Pure Product) and Intangible (Pure Service) spectrum. (Pure Product) and Intangible (Pure Service) spectrum.
A product is similar to goods. In accounting,
A product is similar to goods. In accounting, goods are physical objects that are availablegoods are physical objects that are available in the marketplace. This differentiates them from a service, which is a
in the marketplace. This differentiates them from a service, which is a non-materialnon-material product. The term goods is used primarily by those that wish to abstra
product. The term goods is used primarily by those that wish to abstract from the detailsct from the details of a given product. As such
of a given product. As such it is useful in accounting and econoit is useful in accounting and economic models. The termmic models. The term product is used primarily by those that wish to examine the details and richness of a product is used primarily by those that wish to examine the details and richness of a
specific market offering. As such it is useful to marketers, managers, and q
specific market offering. As such it is useful to marketers, managers, and q uality controluality control specialists.
A service is a non-material or intangible product - such as professional consultancy, serving, or an entertainment experience.
Permalink Reply by + M.Tariq Malik + on September 15, 2011 at 10:20pm Coke - Product
The Coca-Cola formula is The Coca-Cola Company's secret recipe for Coca-Cola. As a publicity marketing strategy started by Robert W. Woodruff, the company presents the
formula as one of the most closely held trade secrets ever and only a few employees know or have access to. This Coca-Cola formula appears to be the original formula to Coca-Cola. It is from the book “For God, Country and Coca-Cola”.
The company Coca-cola is a multinational and it is not limited to one product. Through the years they have invented and introduced many products than their main cola drinks. The list of Coca-cola brands are as follows:
1. Appletiser 2. Aquarius 3. BPM Energy 4. Barq's 5. Beat soda 6. Beverly 7. Cannings 8. Cheers 9. Ciel
36. Lemon & Paeroa 37. Lift 38. Lift plus 39. Lilt 40. Manzana Lift 41. Mare Rosso 42. Mello Yello 43. Mezzo Mix 44. Minute Maid 45. Nestea
10. Coca-Cola Black Cherry Vanilla 1. Coca-Cola Blak 2. Coca-Cola C2 3. Coca-Cola Cherry 4. Coca-Cola Citra 5. Coca-Cola M5 6. Coca-Cola Zero 7. Coca-Cola 8. Coca-Cola with Lemon
1. Coca-Cola with Lime 2. Dasani 3. Delaware Punch 4. Diet Coke 5. Fanta 6. Fanta Citrus 7. Fioravanti 8. Fresca 9. Frisco 10. Fruitopia 11. Frutonic 12. Full Throttle 13. Georgia 14. Hi-C 15. Hit 16. Kia-Ora 17. Kinley 46. New Coke 47. Nordic Mist 48. OK Soda 49. Pibb Xtra 50. Powerade 51. Qoo 52. Raspberry Coke 53. Relentless 54. Sarsi 55. Senzao 56. Simply Orange 57. Smart 58. Sparkle 59. Sprite 60. Sprite Ice 61. Sprite Remix 62. Sprite Zero 63. Surge 64. Swerve 65. Tab 66. Tab Clear 67. Tab Energy 68. Tab X-Tra 69. Tiky 70. Vault
Permalink Reply by + M.Tariq Malik + on September 15, 2011 at 10:20pm Pepsi - Product
The Pepsi-Cola drink contains basic ingredients found in most other similar drinks including carbonated water, high fructose corn s yrup, sugar, colorings, phosphoric acid, caffeine, citric acid and natural flavors. The caffeine free P epsi-Cola contains the same ingredients but no caffeine.
Some of the different and varied brands of Pepsi are as follows:
1. All Sport 2. Aquafina 3. Caffeine-Free Pepsi 4. Crystal Pepsi 5. Diet Pepsi 6. Gatorade 7. Izze 8. Jazz 9. Josta 10. Kas 11. Manzanita Sol 12. Mirinda 13. Mountain Dew
14. Mountain Dew AMP 15. Mountain Dew LiveWire 16. Mountain Dew MDX 17. Mug Root Beer
18. Pepsi 19. Pepsi Blue 20. Pepsi Cappuccino 21. Pepsi Max 22. Pepsi ONE 23. Pepsi Samba 24. Pepsi Tarik 25. Pepsi Twist
26. Propel Fitness Water 27. Sierra Mist 28. Slice 29. SoBe 30. Storm 31. Teem 32. Tropicana Products 33. Tropicana Twister
Permalink Reply by + M.Tariq Malik + on September 15, 2011 at 10:21pm Coke v/s Pepsi-Product
As seen above both the companies Coke and Pepsi have a number of products. Many of these products are innovations but there are also m any products which are brought out just as a competitive product for the other companies. Some of these products that are brought in the market by both the companies to compete against each other are as
follows:
The main dark cola drink of the company which started the rivalry between these
companies.
Pepsi version of dark cola which is the major primary competitor to Coke. Full Throttle is an energy drink brand
produced by The Coca-Cola Company. It
debuted in late 2004 in North America. AMP is an energy drink produced and distributed by PepsiCo under the Mountain
Dew soft drink brand.
Vault is a carbonated beverage that was released by The Coca-Cola Company in
June 2005.
Mountain Dew MDX is an energy drink manufactured and distributed by PepsiCo under the Mountain Dew brand. It was
introduced in 2005.
Powerade is a sports drink by The Coca-Cola Company and currently number two in
the sports drink market worldwide.
Gatorade is a non-carbonated sports drink marketed by Quaker Oats Company, a division of PepsiCo. Originally made for
athletes, it is now often consumed as a snack beverage.
Sprite is a clear, lemon-lime flavored, non-caffeinated soft drink, produced by the Coca-Cola Company. It was introduced to
the United States in 1961.
7 Up is a brand of a lemon-lime flavored soft drink.
Minute Maid is a product line of beverages, usually associated with orange juice, but now extends to soft drinks of many kinds. The Minute Maid company is now owned by Coca-Cola, and is the world's largest
marketer of fruit juices and drinks. It is headquartered in Houston, Texas.
Tropicana Products is an American company based in Bradenton, Florida, USA, which is one of the world's largest producers and marketers of orange juice. It has been
owned by PepsiCo, Inc. since 1998.
Nestea is a brand of iced tea manufactured and distributed by the Nestle company's beverage department in the United States,
and by Coca-Cola in several European countries, Brazil and Venezuela.
Lipton Original Iced Tea is a ready-to-drink iced tea brand sold by Lipton through a
worldwide partnership with Pepsi.
Barq's is a brand of root beer notable for being the only major North American root
Mug Root Beer is a brand name of root beer made by the Pepsi company.
beer to contain caffeine. It has been bottled since the start of the 20th century and is currently sold by the Coca-Cola Company.
Diet Coke or Diet Coca-Cola is a sugar-free soft drink produced and distributed by The
Coca-Cola Company. It was introduced in the United States in July 1982.
Diet Pepsi is a low-calorie carbonated cola. It was introduced in 1964 as a variant of
Pepsi-Cola with no sugar.
Kinley is a brand of still or carbonated water owned by The Coca-Cola Company.
Aquafina is a non-carbonated bottled water produced by PepsiCo.
Aquarius is a mineral sports drink manufactured by The Coca-Cola Company.
It was first introduced in 1983.
All Sport was a sports drink. It is produced by PepsiCo.
Fanta is a soft drink brand owned by The Coca-Cola Company. It is produced and distributed by The Coca-Cola Company's
bottlers.
Mirinda is a brand of soft drink. Mirinda is owned by PepsiCo.
Sprite Ice was the first flavor extension for The Coca-Cola Company's Sprite brand soft
drink.
Pepsi Blue is a soft drink made b y PepsiCo and launched in mid-2002.
Coca-Cola Blak is a coffee-flavoured soft drink introduced by Coca-Cola in 2006.
Pepsi Cappuccino is a cappuccino-flavored carbonated soft drink produced by Pepsico.
Maaza is a Coca-Cola fruit drink brand marketed in India and Bangladesh.
Slice is a line of fruit-flavored soft drinks manufactured by PepsiCo and introduced in
1984.
Teem was a lemon-lime-flavored soft drink produced by The Pepsi-Cola Company.
Limca is a lemon and lime flavoured carbonated soft drink made in India by
Coca-cola.
Permalink Reply by + M.Tariq Malik + on September 15, 2011 at 10:21pm Price
In economics and business, the price is the assigned numerical monetary value of a good, service or asset.
Price is also central to marketing where it is one of the four variables in the marketing mix that business people use to develop a marketing plan.
Pricing is a big part of the marketing mix. Choosing the right price and the right pricing strategy is crucial to the marketing process.
The price of the product is not something that is fixed. On the other hand the price of the product depends on many other factors. Some times the price of the product has got
nothing to do with the actual product itself. The price may act as a way to attract target customers.
The price of the product is decided keeping many things in mind. These things include factors like cost incurred on the product, target market, c ompetitors, consumer buying capacity etc.
Coke - Price
Coke was a company ruling the markets before Pepsi entered. Earlier the price of coke was cost based i.e. it was decided on the cost which was spent on making the product plus the profit and other expenses.
But after the emergence of other companies especially the likes of Pepsi, Coca-cola started with a pricing strategy based on the basis of competition. Nowadays more
Coke has brought in a revolution especially in Indian markets with the Rs. 5 pricing
strategy which was very famous. It was the first company to introduce the small bottle of Coke for just Re.5. This campaign was very successful especially with the price
conscious Indian consumers.
Even today most prices of Coke are decided on the basis of the competition in the market.
Pepsi
–
PricePepsi again decides it price on the basis of competition. The best think about the company Pepsi is that it is very flexible and it can come down with the price very quickly. The company is renowned to bring the price down even up to half if needed.
But this risk taking attitude has also earned Pepsi losses. Though lowering the price would attract the customers but it would not help them cover up the cost incurred in production hence causing them losses.
This was the situation earlier but now Pepsi is a full-fledged and growing company. It has covered all its losses and is now growing at a rapid rate.
Permalink Reply by + M.Tariq Malik + on September 15, 2011 at 10:21pm Place
Place is a term that has a variety of meanings in a dictionary sense, but whi ch is
principally used in a geographic sense as a noun to denote location, though in a sense of a location identified with that which is located there.
In marketing, place refers to one of the 4 P's, defined as "the market place". It can mean a geographic location, an industry, a group of people (a segment) to whom a company wants to sell its products or services, such as young professional women (e.g. for selling cosmetics) or middle-aged family men (e.g. for selling family cars).
Coke - Place
Coke is a multinational company and it has its market around the entire world. This can be said just by the first page on its site which asks people to select the place of their
choice. The website looks something like this:
Pepsi
–
PlacePepsi again has spread worldwide. Pepsi when entering a new market does not go in alone but it looks for partners and mergers. Till no w Pepsi has collaborated with companies like Quaker Oats, Frito-lays, Lipton, Starbucks, etc.
Pepsi like Coke has spread all over the world. It is because of this worldwide spread that now it is coming up with Advertisements which can be broadcasted in the different
nations in the world. The recent example with would be the Pepsi advertisements having David Beckham as it brand ambassador.
Permalink Reply by + M.Tariq Malik + on September 15, 2011 at 10:22pm Promotion
Promotion is one of the four aspects of marketing. Promotion comprises four subcategories:
1. Advertising 2. Personal selling 3. Sales promotion
4. Publicity and public relations
The specification of these four variables creates a promotional mix or promotional plan. A promotional mix specifies how much attention to p ay to each of the four subcategories, and how much money to budget for each. A promotional plan can have a wide range of objectives, including: sales increases, new product acceptance, creation of brand equity, positioning, competitive retaliations, or creation of a corporate image.
Both the companies Pepsi and coke are famous for their promotions. The rivalry was first started when Pepsi started with its blind taste tests known as the Pepsi Challenge. The challenge is designed to be a direct response to critics who allege that Coca -Cola and Pepsi-Cola are identical drinks, with no meaningful differences. The challenge t akes the form of a taste test. At malls, shopping centers and othe r public locations, a Pepsi
representative sets up a table with two blank cups, one containing Pepsi and one with Coke. Shoppers are encouraged to taste both colas, and then select which drink they prefer. Then the representative reveals the two bottles so the taster can see whether they preferred Coke or Pepsi. If Pepsi is revealed, the shopper is given a small prize. The
implication is that Pepsi tastes better than Coke, and thus consumers should purchase Pepsi.
In blind taste tests, more consumers prefer the taste of Pepsi to that of Coca-Cola. Because Coke was the historical leader, more people expected that they'd prefer and select Coke. Their surprise at picking Pepsi in the blind taste test (products were served in unmarked cups) helped change their minds about which product they prefer. Capturing this on film, Pepsi turned this into a memorable TV campaign that lasted many years.
Also ad-campaigns are put up on the television by both the players. The following statistic just tells of much of share of ads on TV are captured by these players.
Infact in the next graph you can see how many programs are sponsored by cola
companies and the leader among them is Pepsi. Mainly Pepsi is the company sponsoring most cricket telecasts happening in India and spends most of its revenue in that field.
Nowadays both Coke and Pepsi are going in for Brand Ambassadors to promote their product. These brand ambassadors are famous people who usually people idolize and people can relate to them. The following pictures do not need any explanation as people
Read more: COKE VS PEPSI MARKETING MIX PROJECT - Virtual University of Pakistan http://vustudents.ning.com/group/mkt619finalprojectmarketing/forum/topics/coke-vs-pepsi-marketing-mix-project#ixzz2PKvcBmsx
