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(2) Thermodynamics in Materials Science.

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(5) Second Edition. Thermodynamics in Materials Science Robert DeHoff. "OCA2ATON,ONDON.EW9ORK. !#2#TITLE

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(9) CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20110713 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4200-0585-1 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright. com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com.

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(14) ‡”:Ad‡ b!™ )A _AJ —\Y !d \d!:Az”!A \d”\\gd Y! bA A_™ ‡A –A‡ g b\‡_A!: YAb —YAd YA™ !Abp g !pp_™ \ g 2gbp_A˜ ‡™‡Ab‡u YA bg:™d!b\2‡ \‡ J”d:!bAd!__™ ! !\gd!_ ‡”)]A28 \2Y —\Y :A:”2\gd‡ !d: :A \–!\gd‡u d”\\gd \d YA bg:™d!b\2‡ \‡ dg Jg YA ”d\d\\!A:u Y”‡8 YA _!—‡ ! A p A‡AdA: !‡ J!\ !22gbp_\7 Q A! !22gbp_\‡YbAd‡ gJ YA jeY 2Ad” ™€ Y! :\‡\__A: ! ) g!: !dQA gJ ‡2\Ad\K2 g)‡A –!\gd !d: A˜pA \Ad2A \dg ‡”22\d2 ‡!AbAd‡ Y! AMA2 Yg— YA —g _: —g ^‡u  \‡ )A‡ ! Y\‡ )AQ\dd\dQ ‡!QA Y! YA‡A _!—‡ )A p A‡AdA: —\Y 2_A! ‡!AbAd‡ gJ YA\ 2gdAd8 —\Yg” YA pA pA”!_ bg\gd ! Q”bAd‡8 ! dg 2™2_A8 !d: gYA \d”\\–A  !pp\dQ‡u YA bg‡ ‡\Qd\K2!d :Ap! ” A gJ Y\‡ A˜ J gb gYA —g ^‡ _\A‡ \d YA  A!bAd gJ YA 2gd2Ap gJ Az”\_\) \”b \d 2gbp_A˜ pY™‡\2!_ ‡™‡Ab‡8 !d: \d YA p A‡Ad!\gd gJ ! QAdA !_ ‡ !AQ™ Jg Kd:\dQ YA 2gd:\\gd‡ Jg Az”\_\) \”b \d ‡”2Y ‡™‡Ab‡u  QAdA !_ 2 \A \gd Jg Az”\_\) \”b \‡ :A–A_gpA: :\ A2_™ J gb YA ‡A2gd: _!— gJ YA bg:™d!b\2‡u YA b!YAb!\2!_ p g2A:” A Jg :A \–\dQ YA Az”!\gd‡ Y! :A‡2 \)A YA \dA d!_ 2gd:\\gd —YAd \ \‡ ! Az”\_\) \”b \‡ YAd p A‡AdA: —\Y \Qg u  \‡ YA 2Ad !_ –\A—pg\d gJ Y\‡ A˜ Y!8 ‡\d2A !__ gJ YA —g ^\dQ Az”!\gd‡€ gJ YA bg:™d!b\2‡ ! A b!YAb!\2!_ ‡!AbAd‡ gJ YA‡A \dA d!_ 2gd:\\gd‡ Jg Az”\_\) \”b8 A‡!)_\‡YbAd gJ YA 2gddA2\gd )A—AAd YA‡A 2gd:\\gd‡ !d: K ‡ p \d2\p_A‡ \‡ 2 ”2\!_ g ! —g ^\dQ ”d:A ‡!d:\dQ gJ YA bg:™d!b\2‡u d:AA:8 YA Ab!\d:A gJ YA A˜ \‡ ! ‡A \A‡ gJ !pp_\2!\gd‡ gJ Y\‡ QAdA !_ ‡ !AQ™ g YA :A \–!\gd gJ YA 2gd:\\gd Jg Az”\_\) \”b \d ‡™‡Ab‡ gJ \d2 A!‡\dQ 2gbp_A˜\™8 gQAYA —\Y ‡ !AQ\A‡ Jg !pp_™\dQ YA‡A Az”!\gd‡ g ‡g_–A p g)_Ab‡ gJ p !2\2!_ \dA A‡ g YA ‡”:Adu \Y A!2Y \d2 AbAd \d YA _A–A_ gJ ‡gpY\‡\2!\gd )A\dQ  A!A:8 dA— p! ‡ gJ YA !pp! !”‡ gJ YA bg:™d!b\2‡ ! A \d g:”2A: !d: :A–A_gpA: !‡ YA™ ! A dAA:A:u YA QAdA !_ ‡ !AQ™ Jg QA\dQ g YA —g ^\dQ Az”!\gd‡ \‡ YA ‡!bA Jg !__ gJ YA‡A !pp_\2!\gd‡u Y”‡8 YA 2gddA2\gd g YA J”d:!bAd!_ p \d2\p_A‡ \‡ –\‡\)_A Jg A!2Y dA— :A–A_gpbAdu ” YA bg A8 Y\‡ 2gddA2\gd 2!d )A b!\d!\dA: —\Yg” \d g:”2\dQ !d™ b!YAb!\2!_ g 2gd2Ap”!_ ‡Yg 2”‡u ApA\\gd )”\_:‡ 2gdK:Ad2A‰ \Qg )”\_:‡ 2gbpAAd2Au dA A! _™ 2Y!pA \d g:”2A‡ YA 2gd2Ap‡ gJ ‡!\‡\2!_ YA bg:™d!b\2‡u Y\‡ ‡”)]A2 \‡  A!A: !‡ !d !_Qg \Yb Jg 2gd–A \dQ !d !gb\2 bg:A_ Jg YA )AY!–\g gJ YA ‡™‡Ab8 Jg b”_!A: !‡ ! _\‡ gJ YA pg‡‡\)_A ‡!A‡ Y! A!2Y !gb b!™ A˜Y\)\8 \dg –!_”A‡ gJ !__ gJ YA YA bg:™d!b\2 p gpA \A‡ gJ YA ‡™‡Abu YA ‡ !AQ™ Jg :A \–\dQ YA 2gd:\\gd‡ Jg Az”\_\) \”b \d Y\‡ 2!‡A !pp_\A‡ g YA :A \–!\gd gJ YA g_›b!dd :\‡ \)”\gd J”d2\gd8 —Y\2Y Apg ‡ Yg— YA !gb‡ ! A :\‡ \)”A: g–A YA AdA Q™ _A–A_‡ —YAd YA ‡™‡Ab !!\d‡ Az”\_\) \”bu YA !_Qg \Yb \‡ YAd \__”‡ !A: Jg YA \:A!_ Q!‡ bg:A_ !d: YA \d‡A\d bg:A_ Jg ! 2 ™‡!_u !\‡\2!_ YA bg:™d!b\2‡ \‡ ”‡A: –A ™ _\_A \d ‡”)‡Az”Ad 2Y!pA ‡ )A2!”‡A YA 2_!‡‡A‡ gJ ‡™‡Ab‡ Y! ! A YA :gb!\d gJ b!A \!_‡ ‡2\Ad2A Ad: g )A gg 2gbp_A˜ Jg  !2!)_A  A!bAd8 b”2Y _A‡‡ Jg p A‡Ad!\gd g K ‡[\bA ‡”:Ad‡ gJ YA ‡”)]A2u g‡ 2Y!pA ‡ 2gd!\d ‡A–A !_ \__”‡ !\–A A˜!bp_A‡8 :A‡\QdA: g AbpY!‡\›A YA ‡ !AQ\A‡ Y! 2gddA2 p \d2\p_A‡ g Y! : d”bA \2!_ !d‡—A ‡u !2Y 2Y!pA Ad:‡ —\Y ! ‡”bb! ™ Y! A–\A—‡ YA \bpg !d 2gd2Ap‡8 ‡ !AQ\A‡8 !d: A_!\gd‡Y\p‡ Y! \ 2gd!\d‡u !2Y 2Y!pA !_‡g Ad:‡ —\Y ! 2g__A2\gd gJ YgbA—g ^ p g)_Ab‡8 b!d™ gJ —Y\2Y ! A :A‡\QdA: ‡g Y! YA™ ! A )A‡ ‡g_–A: ”‡\dQ ! pA ‡gd!_ 2gbp”A 7 YA !‡”A ‡”:Ad b!™ Kd: \ ”‡AJ”_ g — \A ‡gbA bg A QAdA !_ p gQ !b‡ Y! 2!d )A ”‡A:.

(15) ApA!A:_™ !‡ YA _A–A_ gJ ‡gpY\‡\2!\gd \d2 A!‡A‡u ˜!bp_A‡ gJ YgbA—g ^ p g)_Ab‡ —\__ )A : !—d bg A g _A‡‡ ”d\Jg b_™ J gb YA b!]g 2_!‡‡A‡ gJ b!A \!_‡7 2A !b\2‡8 bA!_‡8 pg_™bA ‡8 A_A2 gd\2 b!A \!_‡8 !d: 2gbpg‡\A‡u Y\‡ !pp g!2Y ‡A –A‡ g \__”‡ !A YA pg—A gJ YA 2gd2Ap‡8 _!—‡8 !d: ‡ !AQ\A‡ gJ pYAdgbAdg_gQ\2!_ YA bg:™d!b\2‡ )™ :Abgd‡ !\dQ Y! YA™ 2!d )A !pp_\A: g !__ ‡!A‡ gJ b!A u YA A˜pA \Ad2A Q!\dA: \d “L ™A! ‡ gJ A!2Y\dQ !d ”d:A Q !:”!A 2g” ‡A \d YA bg:™d!b\2‡ \d b!A \!_‡ ‡2\Ad2A8 gQAYA —\Y bg A Y!d jL ™A! ‡ gJ A!2Y\dQ ! Q !:”!A 2g” ‡A \d YA ‡!bA ! A!8 Y!‡ A‡”_A: \d !d !pp g!2Y g YA gp\2 Y! \‡ ”d\z”Au YA !pp g!2Y !22Ad‡ \Qg 8 QAdA !_\™8 !d: ‡ ”2” A \d :A–A_gp\dQ YA 2gd2Ap‡ !d: ‡ !AQ\A‡ Y! b!^A ”p YA bg:™d!b\2‡ )A2!”‡A YA 2gddA2\gd‡ )A—AAd K ‡ p \d2\p_A‡ !d: p !2\2!_ p g)_Ab ‡g_”\gd‡ ! A ‡Y! p_™ \__”b\d!A:‰ YA K ‡[\bA ‡”:Ad 2!d YgpA dg gd_™ g !pp_™ YA bg:™d!b\2‡ g YA ‡gpY\‡\2!A: Ad: gJ ‡™‡Ab‡ Y! ! A YA ) A!: !d: )”A gJ b!A \!_‡ ‡2\Ad2A8 )” g ”d:A ‡!d: YA\ !pp_\2!\gdu  \‡ ! p_A!‡” A g !2^dg—_A:QA YA YA_p gJ A!YA _”QA b!d8 —Yg p g–\:A: !:–\2A \d YA bg A ‡gpY\‡\2!A: !‡pA2‡ gJ —g : p g2A‡‡\dQ \d–g_–A: \d p”\dQ gQAYA Y\‡ A˜u !bA_! g—A__ p ggJ A!: YA b!d”‡2 \p —\Y Ab! ^!)_A ‡^\__ )AJg A \ —!‡ ‡”)b\A: g YA p”)_\‡YA u !–\: u ! \d8 d\–A ‡\™ gJ \2Y\Q!d8 !d: gdA gg_A8 d\–A ‡\™ gJ \d2\dd!\8 gJJA A: b!d™ YA_pJ”_ 2gbbAd‡ !d: ‡”QQA‡\gd‡ —Y\_A A–\A—\dQ YA b!d”‡2 \pu ™ Y!d^‡ g YA b!d™ ‡”:Ad‡8 )gY Q !:”!A !d: ”d:A Q !:”!A8 —Yg Jg b!d™ ™A! ‡ Ad2g” !QA: bA g ”d:A !^A Y\‡ A˜u \d!__™8 !b Q !AJ”_ g b™ —\JA8 ! ]g \A8 —Yg ‡!2 \K2A: b!d™ A–Ad\dQ‡8 —AA^Ad:‡8 !d: –!2!\gd‡ !‡ :\‡!ppA! A: \dg YA :Ad g —g ^ gd YA p g]A2u.

(16)

(17) )g” YA ”Yg g—  gJA‡‡g bA \”‡ gJ YA Ap! bAd gJ !A \!_‡ 2\Ad2A !d: dQ\dAA \dQ ! YA d\–A ‡\™ gJ _g \:!8 g)A  u A gJJ —!‡ gdA gJ YA Jg”d:\dQ J!YA ‡ gJ Y! p gQ !bu g bg A Y!d Jg” :A2!:A‡ YA Y!‡ :A–A_gpA: !d: !”QY Q !:”!A !d: ”d:A Q !:”!A 2g” ‡A‡ Y! A_!A g b\2 g‡ ”2” A‡ \d b!A \!_‡ ‡2\Ad2A !d: AdQ\dAA \dQ8 \d2_”:\dQ 2g” ‡A‡ \d YA QAgbA ™ gJ b\2 g‡ ”2” A‡ !d: YA ^\dA\2‡ gJ YA\ A–g_”\gd8 :\JJ”‡\gd8 pY!‡A :\!Q !b‡8 z”!d\!\–A 2Y! !2A \›!\gd gJ b\2 g‡ ”2” A‡ r‡A Ag_gQ™s8 !d: ”d:A Q !:”!A !d: Q !:”!A 2g” ‡A‡ \d YA bg[ :™d!b\2‡u A2!”‡A gJ Y\‡ _gdQA–\™8 \ \‡ –A ™ _\^A_™ Y!  gJA‡‡g A gJJ Y!‡ !”QY 2_!‡‡A‡ \d YA bg:™d!b\2‡ bg A gJAd Y!d !d™gdA A_‡A gd YA p_!dAu A Y!‡ !_‡g )AAd \d–g_–A: \d YA :A–A_gpbAd !d: A–g_”\gd gJ YA 2” \2”_”b \d YA b!A \!_‡ ‡2\Ad2A !d: AdQ\dAA \dQ p gQ !bu \‡ A‡A! 2Y !d: p”)_\2!\gd‡ Y!–A !_‡g 2AdA A: ! g”d: YA A–g_”\gd gJ b\2 g‡ ”2” A \d bg‡ gJ YA ! A!‡ 2\A: !)g–A !‡ Y\‡ A!2Y\dQ A˜pA \Ad2Au A Y!‡ A2A\–A: ! d”b)A gJ !—! :‡ )!‡A: gd Y\‡ A‡A! 2Y !d: A!2Y\dQ J gb ! –! \A™ gJ p gJA‡‡\gd!_ ‡g2\A\A‡8 bg‡ A2Ad_™ YA :”2!g —! : J gb YA \dA !_‡8 A!_‡ $ !A \!_‡ g2\A™ r“œœLsu.

(18)

(19) !)_A gJ gdAd‡ Y!pA j Y™ ”:™ YA bg:™d!b\2‡{ u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u j Y!pA “ YA  ”2” A gJ YA bg:™d!b\2‡ u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u jŠ Y!pA ‘ YA !—‡ gJ YA bg:™d!b\2‡u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u ‘j Y!pA O YA bg:™d!b\2 ! \!)_A‡ !d: A_!\gd‡u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u L‘ Y!pA L z”\_\) \”b \d YA bg:™d!b\2 ™‡Ab‡ u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u jœŠ Y!pA ‹ !\‡\2!_ YA bg:™d!b\2‡ u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u j“e Y!pA Š d! ™ AA gQAdAg”‡ ™‡Ab‡u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u j‹‘ Y!pA B ”_\2gbpgdAd gbgQAdAg”‡ gd A!2\dQ ™‡Ab‡7 g_”\gd‡ u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u jeŠ Y!pA e ”_\2gbpgdAd AA gQAdAg”‡ ™‡Ab‡u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u “Oe Y!pA jœ YA bg:™d!b\2‡ gJ Y!‡A \!Q !b‡u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u “BL Y!pA jj ”_\2gbpgdAd ”_\pY!‡A A!2\dQ ™‡Ab‡ u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u ‘Oe Y!pA j“ !p\__! \™ JJA2‡ \d YA bg:™d!b\2‡u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u Oœe Y!pA j‘ AJA2‡ \d  ™‡!_‡ u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u O‹L.

(20) Y!pA jO z”\_\) \”b \d gd\d”g”‡ ™‡Ab‡7 YA bg:™d!b\2 JJA2‡ gJ ˜A d!_ \A_:‡u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u OeL Y!pA jL _A2 g2YAb\‡ ™ u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u L“‘.   ppAd:\˜  ”d:!bAd!_ Y™‡\2!_ gd‡!d‡ !d: gd–A ‡\gd !2g ‡ u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u LLe ppAd:\˜   gpA \A‡ gJ A_A2A: _AbAd‡ u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u L‹j ppAd:\˜  Y!‡A  !d‡Jg b!\gd‡ Jg YA _AbAd‡ u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u L‹‘ ppAd:\˜   gpA \A‡ gJ gbA !d:gb g_”\gd‡ u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u L‹L ppAd:\˜   gpA \A‡ gJ A_A2A: gbpg”d:‡ u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u L‹Š ppAd:\˜  dA J!2\!_ dA Q\A‡ gJ A_A2A: _AbAd‡ u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u L‹e ppAd:\˜ _A2 g2YAb\2!_ A \A‡ u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u LŠj ppAd:\˜. YA ! dg ™2_A u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u LŠ‘ ppAd:\˜ d‡—A ‡ g gbA—g ^  g)_Ab‡ u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u LŠe d:A˜ u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u Lej.

(21) j. Y™ ”:™ YA bg:™d!b\2‡{.  juj ju“ ju‘ juO. YA g—A !d:  A!:Y gJ YA bg:™d!b\2‡ uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu j YA AdA \2 ”A‡\gd :: A‡‡A: )™ YA bg:™d!b\2‡ uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu ‘ YA bg:™d!b\2‡ ‡ \b\A: g ™‡Ab‡ \d z”\_\) \”buuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu O YA YA bg:™d!b\2 !‡\‡ Jg z”\_\) \”b !p‡ uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu Š juOuj YA  \d2\p_A‡ uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu Š juOu“ YA  !AQ\A‡ uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu B juOu‘ !!)!‡A‡ uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu e juOuO !p‡ gJ z”\_\) \”b !A‡uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu e juL Y AA A–A_‡ gJ YA YA bg:™d!b\2 pp! !”‡ uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu jO ju‹ ”bb! ™ uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu jL. juj           ‡” –A™ gJ ”d:A Q !:”!A 2” \2”_! \d b!A \!_‡ ‡2\Ad2A !d: AdQ\dAA \dQ ‡Yg—A: Y! A–A ™ p gQ !b Az”\ A‡ ! 2g A 2g” ‡A \d YA bg:™d!b\2‡u d bg A Y!d eœt gJ Yg‡A p gQ !b‡8 YA 2g” ‡A \‡ !”QY —\Y\d YA :Ap! bAdu g‡ Q !:”!A p gQ !b‡ Y!–A gdA g bg A 2g” ‡A‡ \d YA ‡”)]A2u –\:Ad_™ YA A \‡ —\:A‡p A!: !Q AAbAd Y! Y\‡ ‡”)]A2 \‡ ! 2Ad !_ gdA \d b!A \!_‡ ‡2\Ad2A !d: AdQ\dAA \dQu YA ‡!bA ‡!AbAd 2!d )A b!:A Jg p gQ !b‡ \d 2YAb\2!_ AdQ\dAA \dQ !d: 2YAb\‡ ™ !d:8 pA Y!p‡ g ! _A‡‡A A˜Ad8 pY™‡\2‡u Y™{ \–A p \b! ™ A!‡gd‡7 ju “u ‘u Ou. YA bg:™d!b\2‡ \‡ pA –!‡\–Au YA bg:™d!b\2‡ \‡ 2gbp AYAd‡\–Au YA bg:™d!b\2‡ \‡ A‡!)_\‡YA:u YA bg:™d!b\2‡ p g–\:A‡ YA )!‡\‡ Jg g Q!d\›\dQ \dJg b!\gd !)g” Yg— b!A )AY!–A‡u Lu YA bg:™d!b\2‡ Ad!)_A‡ YA QAdA !\gd gJ b!p‡ gJ Az”\_\) \”b ‡!A‡ Y! 2!d )A ”‡A: g !d‡—A ! p g:\Q\g”‡ !dQA gJ z”A‡\gd‡ gJ p !2\2!_ \bpg !d2A \d ‡2\Ad2A !d: \d:”‡ ™u YA bg:™d!b\2‡ \‡ pA –!‡\–A‰ \ !pp_\A‡ g A–A ™ –g_”bA A_AbAd \d A–A ™ ‡™‡Ab ! A–A ™ \d‡!d \d \bAu g— pA –!‡\–A 2!d ™g” QA{ j.

(22) “. YA bg:™d!b\2‡ \d !A \!_‡ 2\Ad2A. YA bg:™d!b\2‡ \‡ 2gbp AYAd‡\–Au YA !pp! !”‡ \‡ 2!p!)_A gJ Y!d:_\dQ YA bg‡ 2gbp_A˜ ^\d:‡ gJ7 ™‡Ab‡7 bA!_‡8 2A !b\2‡8 pg_™bA ‡8 2gbpg‡\A‡8 ‡g_\:‡8 _\z”\:‡8 Q!‡A‡8 ‡g_”\gd‡8 2 ™‡!_‡ —\Y :AJA2‡ pp_\2!\gd‡7 ‡ ”2” !_ b!A \!_‡8 A_A2 gd\2 b!A \!_‡8 2g g‡\gd[ A‡\‡!d b!A \!_‡8 d”2_A! b!A \!_‡8 )\gb!A \!_‡8 d!dgb!A \!_‡ dM”Ad2A‡7 YA b!_8 bA2Y!d\2!_8 2YAb\2!_8 \dA J!2\!_8 A_A2 \2!_8 b!QdA\2 YA bg:™d!b\2‡ \‡ A‡!)_\‡YA:u

(23) u \__! : \))‡ A‡‡Ad\!__™ 2gbp_AA: YA !pp! !”‡ gJ pYAdgbAdg_gQ\2!_ YA bg:™d!b\2‡ \d jBB‘ \d Y\‡ 2_!‡‡\2 p!pA 8 d YA z”\_\) \”b gJ AA gQAdAg”‡ ”)‡!d2A‡u YA ‡2\Ad\K2 !d: A2Ydg_gQ\2!_ A˜p_g[ ‡\gd gJ bg A Y!d ! 2Ad” ™ Y!‡ dg Az”\ A: ! ‡\Qd\K2!d bg:\K2!\gd gJ \))‡‚ !pp! !”‡u YA bg:™d!b\2‡ p g–\:A‡ YA )!‡\‡ Jg g Q!d\›\dQ \dJg b!\gd !)g” Yg— b!A )AY!–A‡u YA bg:™d!b\2‡ \:Ad\KA‡ YA p gpA \A‡ gJ ‡™‡Ab‡ Y! ! A ‡2\Ad\J[ \2!__™ !d: A2Ydg_gQ\2!__™ \bpg !d \d ! —\:A !dQA gJ !pp_\2!\gd‡u  \:Ad\KA‡ YA ‡”)‡A gJ YA‡A p gpA \A‡ Y! ! A ‡”JK2\Ad g 2gbp”A !__ YA gYA ‡u YA‡A ! A YA p gpA \A‡ Y! ! A bA!‡” A: \d YA YA bg2YAb\‡ ™ _!)g !g \A‡ gJ YA —g _: !d: Y!–A )AAd !22”b”_!\dQ \d YA :!!)!‡A‡ gJ YA —g _: ‡\d2A \))‡‚ \bAu YA !pp! !”‡ YAd p g–\:A‡ A_!\gd‡Y\p‡ )A—AAd YA‡A :!!)!‡A p gpA \A‡ !d: YA J”d2\gd‡ Y! ! A 2 ”2\!_ \d p A:\2\dQ YA )AY!–\g gJ b!A u YA bg:™d!b\2‡ Ad!)_A‡ YA QAdA !\gd gJ b!p‡ gJ Az”\_\) \”b ‡!A‡ Jg Y\‡ ) g!: ‡pA2 ”b gJ ‡™‡Ab‡ !d: \dM”Ad2A‡u  –! \A™ gJ ‡pA2\A‡ gJ ‡”2Y b!p‡ ! A —\:A_™ ”‡A: \d ‡2\Ad2A !d: \d:”‡ ™ g !d‡—A A!_[—g _: z”A‡\gd‡ !)g” YA )AY!–\g gJ b!A u \__ 2!:b\”b bA_ ! LOL?{ J YA AbpA !” A gJ YA !\ g”‡\:A : gp‡ A\QY bg A :AQ AA‡8 —\__ \ QA JgQQ™{ J YA! Y\‡ ) E \ E_ !__g™ \d !\ g jjœœ?8 —\__ \ g˜\:\›A{ !d Y\‡ pg_™bA ‡g_–Ad :\‡‡g_–A “Lt  ! ggb AbpA !” A —\Yg” pY!‡A ‡Ap! !\dQ{. g— 2!d p A–Ad YA g˜\:!\gd gJ ‡\_\2gd 2! )\:A —YAd Yg p A‡‡ \ ! j‘Lœ?{. g— 2!d 2gd g_ YA :AJA2 2gd2Ad !\gd \d Y\‡ J”A_ 2A__ bAb) !dA{ Y! ‡g” 2A AbpA !” A‡ ‡Yg”_: ”‡A g 2g:Apg‡\ ! Oœ g ‹œ A E \ Y\d K_b J gb YA –!pg pY!‡A{ \__ ‡\_\2gd 2! )\:A K)A ‡ )A ‡!)_A \d !d !_”b\d”b d\ \:A b! \˜ ! j‘œœ?{ \__ \!d\”b 2g g:A \d ‡A!—!A { \d!__™8 ! —! d\dQ7 YA bg:™d!b\2‡ \‡ ! –A ™ !\gd!_ ‡”)]A2u YA _gQ\2 \‡ _! QA_™ _\dA! u  Jg__g—‡ J gb 8 —Y\2Y Jg__g—‡ J gb u gdAYA_A‡‡ YA p A:\2[ \gd‡ gJ YA bg:™d!b\2‡ ! A J”__ gJ ‡” p \‡A‡u 22g :\dQ_™8 \d”\\gd !pp_\A: g YA bg:™d!b\2‡ 2!d )A :!dQA g”‡ !d: b\‡_A!:\dQ8 p! \2”_! _™ Jg YA ”d\d\\!A:u ”:Ad‡ Jg —Y\2Y \d”\\gd p_!™‡ !d \bpg !d g_A \d YA\ _A! d\dQ p g2A‡‡A‡ b!™.

(24) Y™ ”:™ YA bg:™d!b\2‡{. ‘. Y!–A :\JK2”_™ —\Y YA bg:™d!b\2‡u  \‡ \bpg !d g ”d:A ‡!d: YA _!—‡ !d: ‡ !AQ\A‡ gJ YA bg:™d!b\2‡ !d: _A YA _gQ\2 _A!: —YA A \ —\__u. ju“            YA z”A‡\gd‡ \d YA p A2A:\dQ p! !Q !pY ! A !__ Jg b‡ gJ ! QAdA \2 z”A‡\gd —Y\2Y YA bg:™d!b\2‡ !:: A‡‡A‡ r‡AA \Q” A jujs7 \J !^A ™‡Ab  \d ” g”d:\dQ‡ !d: p” \ \dg ” g”d:\dQ‡ 8 —Y! —\__ Y!ppAd{€ ”:\bAd! ™ YA bg:™d!b\2‡ 2gd2Ap‡ \bp_\2\ \d Y\‡ z”A‡\gd \d2_”:A7 ™‡Ab8 —Y\2Y \‡ YA 2g__A2\gd gJ b!A —Yg‡A )AY!–\g \‡ YA Jg2”‡ gJ YA z”A‡\gdu ” g”d:\dQ‡8 —Y\2Y \‡ YA b!A \d YA –\2\d\™ gJ YA ‡™‡Ab Y! \‡ !_A A: )A2!”‡A \ \dA !2‡ —\Y \u g”d:! ™8 \bp_\2\ \d YA 2gd2Ap gJ ! ‡™‡Ab !d: \‡ ‡” g”d:\dQ‡8 —Y\2Y b!™ _\b\ YA ^\d:‡ gJ A˜2Y!dQA‡ Y! 2!d g22” )A—AAd YA —gu  gpA \A‡8 Az”\ A: \d YA :AKd\\gd gJ YA 2gd:\\gd gJ ! ‡™‡Ab !d: \‡ ‡” g”d:\dQ‡u ‡ !d A˜!bp_A gJ Y\‡ QAdA \2 ‡2Ad! \g8 2gd‡\:A ! )_g2^ gJ 2!:b\”b ‡\\dQ gd ! _!)g !g ™ )Ad2Y ‡g Y! \‡ \d\\!_ 2gd:\\gd \‡ !b)\Ad p A‡‡” A !d: AbpA !” A rdgb\d!__™ j !b !d: “L?su  \‡ p\2^A: ”p —\Y ! p!\ gJ gdQ‡ !d: p_!2A: \d ! J” d!2A8 —Y\2Y Y!‡ \‡ AbpA !” A 2gd g__A: ! LOL?u d \Q” A juj8 ™‡Ab  \‡ YA p\A2A gJ ‡g_\: 2!:b\”bu ” g”d:\dQ‡ \‡ YA !b)\Ad p A‡‡” A !d: AbpA !” A gJ YA _!)g !g ™u ” g”d:\dQ‡ \‡ YA !bg‡pYA A \d YA J” d!2A !_‡g ! !b)\Ad p A‡‡” A )” ! AbpA !” A gJ LOL?u ™‡Ab  A˜pA \Ad2A‡ ! 2Y!dQA \d ‡” g”d:\dQ‡ —YAd \ \‡ p_!2A: \d YA J” d!2Au ‡ ! A‡”_8 ™‡Ab  )AQ\d‡ g 2Y!dQA \‡ 2gd:\\gd g—! : ! Kd!_ ‡!A 8 —Y\2Y \‡ \d Az”\_\) \”b —\Y Y\‡ dA— ” g”d:\dQ‡ u  \‡ dA2A‡‡! ™ g 2gd‡”_ ! YA bg[ :™d!b\2‡ :!!)!‡A Y! Y!‡ \dJg b!\gd !)g” 2!:b\”b g :AA b\dA Y! YA bA_\dQ pg\d gJ 2!:b\”b \‡ ‘“j? !d: YA –!pg \›!\gd AbpA !” A \‡ Š‹Š?u Y”‡8 YA Kd!_ Az”\_\) \”b ‡!A \d \‡ dA— ‡” g”d:\dQ‡ \‡ _\z”\: 2!:b\”bu. -ÕÀÀœÕ˜`ˆ˜}à . -ÞÃÌi“ . -ÕÀÀœÕ˜`ˆ˜}à . >˜}i -ÕÀÀœÕ˜`ˆ˜}Ã. -ÞÃÌi“ . >˜}i -ÞÃÌi“. ˜ˆÌˆ> µÕˆˆLÀ>Ìi`. œ˜`ˆÌˆœ˜.   juj YA QAdA \2 z”A‡\gd !:: A‡‡A: \d YA bg:™d!b\2‡u. -ÞÃÌi“ . ˆ˜> µÕˆˆLÀ>Ìi`. œ˜`ˆÌˆœ˜.

(25) O. YA bg:™d!b\2‡ \d !A \!_‡ 2\Ad2A. Y! Y!ppAd‡{ YA 2!:b\”b bA_‡u YA p g2A‡‡ \d–g_–A: \d Y\‡ 2Y!dQA \‡ bA_\dQ8 ! pY!‡A  !d‡Jg b!\gd \d —Y\2Y YA 2 ™‡!__\dA ‡ ”2” A gJ ‡g_\: 2!:b\”b \‡ 2gd–A A: g ! ‡ ”2” A Y! \‡ _\z”\:u g2^A‡ gJ YA _\z”\: pY!‡A d”2_A!A8 Jg b\dQ ! ‡g_\:Œ_\z”\: \dA J!2Au YA bg\gd gJ Y\‡ \dA J!2A g—! : YA ‡g_\: pY!‡A \d2 A!‡A‡ YA !bg”d gJ _\z”\: ! YA A˜pAd‡A gJ YA ‡g_\: pY!‡A ”d\_ YA A \‡ dg ‡g_\: pY!‡A _AJu  !2\2!__™ ‡pA!^\dQ8 ! d”b)A gJ \‡‡”A‡ Y! ! A \Qdg A: \d Y\‡ ‡\bp_A :A‡2 \p[ \gd gJ YA p g2A‡‡ !_‡g dAA: g )A !:: A‡‡A:u \d2A YA 2!:b\”b —\__ bA_8 \ Y!‡ g )A p_!2A: \d ! 2gd!\dA 8 AuQu8 ! 2 ”2\)_A8 )AJg A \ \‡ p” \d YA J” d!2Au \__ YA 2gd!\dA A!2 2YAb\2!__™ —\Y YA 2!:b\”b{ _‡g8 2!:b\”b –!pg —\__ Jg b g–A YA _\z”\:u g— Y\QY —\__ YA –!pg p A‡‡” A )A2gbA{ !:b\”b –!pg \‡ g˜\28 ‡g ‡\Qd\K2!d p A2!”\gd‡ —\__ Y!–A g )A !^Ad g 2gd!\d YA ‡!bp_A !d: \‡ –!pg u J YA !b)\Ad !bg‡pYA A \‡ !\ 8 —\__ 2!:b\”b g˜\:A rg gYA 2gbpg”d:‡s Jg b{ –\:Ad_™ ! 2gbp AYAd‡\–A !d‡—A g YA z”A‡\gd8 —Y! —\__ Y!ppAd{€ Az”\ A‡ !d‡—A ‡ g !__ gJ YA‡A z”A‡\gd‡u YA bg:™d!b\2‡ Y!‡ YA pg—A g !:: A‡‡ !__ gJ YA‡A \‡‡”A‡u YA ‡2Ad! \g ‡Yg—d \d \Q” A juj 2!d )A ”‡A: g J !bA ! –! \A™ gJ A! !dQA[ bAd‡ gJ YA QAdA \2 z”A‡\gd7 Y! ” g”d:\dQ‡ b”‡ )A p g–\:A: g 2gd–A  ™‡Ab  \dg ! ‡pA2\K2 –A ‡\gd gJ ™‡Ab { rg A˜!bp_A8 —Y! !dQA gJ AbpA !” A‡ 2!d ”‡A g 2gd–A   \ gd g  \ gd{s Y! ” g”d:\dQ‡ b”‡ )A ”‡A: g p A–Ad YA 2gd–A ‡\gd gJ ™‡Ab  \dg ! ‡pA2\K2 ™‡Ab { Y! ‡” g”d:\dQ‡ b”‡ )A !–g\:A:{ rg A˜!bp_A8 —Y! !dQA gJ J” d!2A !bg‡pYA A 2gbpg‡\\gd‡ b”‡ )A ”‡A: g !–g\: YA g˜\:!\gd gJ ! ‡A gJ ” )\dA )_!:A‡ :” \dQ YA!  A!bAd{s YA !pp! !”‡ gJ YA bg:™d!b\2‡ p g–\:A‡ YA !d‡—A g YA‡A ^\d:‡ gJ z”A‡[ \gd‡ )™ p g–\:\dQ YA )!‡\‡ Jg :AA b\d\dQ YA Az”\_\) \”b ‡!A gJ !d™ ‡™‡Ab \d !d™ ‡” g”d:\dQ‡u. ju‘.              . YA bg:™d!b\2‡ \‡ _\b\A: g YA :A‡2 \p\gd gJ ‡™‡Ab‡ Y! ! A \d Az”\_\) \”b —\Y YA\ ‡” g”d:\dQ‡u  p g–\:A‡ YA )!‡\‡ Jg p A:\2\dQ —Y! YA p gpA \A‡ gJ !d Az”\_\) !A: ‡™‡Ab —\__ )A !‡ ! J”d2\gd gJ YA 2gdAd gJ YA ‡™‡Ab !d: YA 2Y! !2A \‡\2‡ gJ \‡ ‡” g”d:\dQ‡u YA bg:™d!b\2‡ :gA‡ dg pA b\ YA p A:\2\gd gJ YA ‡Ap[)™[‡Ap \bA[:ApAd:Ad A–g_”\gd gJ ! ‡™‡Ab g—! : Az”\_\) \”bu Y! _A–A_ gJ :A‡2 \p\gd gJ YA )AY!–\g gJ b!A 8 —Y\2Y \‡ 2gd!\dA: \d ! Jg b!_\‡b 2!__A: YA YA bg:™d!b\2‡ gJ \ A–A ‡\)_A p g2A‡‡A‡8 Az”\ A‡ YA ‡g_”\gd gJ ‡A‡ gJ ‡\b”_!dAg”‡ p! \!_ :\JJA Ad\!_ Az”!\gd‡u bp_AbAd!\gd gJ Y\‡ \bA[:ApAd:Ad :A‡2 \p\gd Az”\ A‡ ! Q A! :A!_ bg A \dJg b!\gd !)g” YA ‡™‡Ab Y!d :gA‡ YA :A‡2 \p\gd gJ \‡ Az”\_\) \”b ‡!A \d Q\–Ad ‡” g”d:\dQ‡u A–A ‡\)_A YA bg:™[ d!b\2‡ \‡ )A™gd: YA ‡2gpA gJ Y\‡ A˜u g—A–A 8 Az”\_\) \”b YA bg:™d!b\2‡8.

(26) Y™ ”:™ YA bg:™d!b\2‡{. L. —Y\2Y \‡ YA ‡”)]A2 gJ Y\‡ A˜8 p g–\:A‡ YA 2gdA˜ —\Y\d —Y\2Y YA‡A \bA[ :ApAd:Ad p g2A‡‡A‡ g22” u. g— YAd 2!d Az”\_\) \”b YA bg:™d!b\2‡ )A ”‡AJ”__™ !pp_\A: \d !d‡—A \dQ YA z”A‡\gd8 —Y! —\__ Y!ppAd{€ ™‡Ab  Y!‡ ‡gbA ‡A gJ p gpA \A‡ —YAd \ —!‡ \d ” g”d:\dQ‡ u YA‡A ! A YA \d\\!_ p gpA \A‡ gJ YA ‡™‡Ab —YAd \ \‡ p_!2A: \d ” g”d:\dQ‡ u YA bg[ :™d!b\2‡ p A:\2‡ —Y! YA ‡!A gJ Y\‡ ‡™‡Ab —\__ )A —YAd \ 2gbA‡ g Az”\_\) \”b —\Y \‡ dA— ” g”d:\dQ‡8 u Y\‡ p g–\:A‡ ! )!‡\‡ Jg :A:”2\dQ —Y! p g2A‡‡A‡ b”‡ g22” g 2Y!dQA YA ‡™‡Ab J gb \‡ \d\\!_ 2gd:\\gd8 \dYA \A: J gb ” g”d:[ \dQ‡ g \‡ Az”\_\) \”b ‡!A \d ” g”d:\dQ‡ u YA bg:™d!b\2‡ p g–\:A‡ dg gd_™ YA Az”\_\) \”b ‡!A \d ‡”2Y 2!‡A‡8 )” !_‡g ‡gbA bA!‡” A gJ Yg— J! YA ‡™‡Ab \‡ J gb YA Az”\_\) \”b ‡!Au YA‡A YA bg:™d!b\2 bA!‡” A‡8 pA Y!p‡ b\‡_A!:\dQ_™ _!)A_A: : \–\dQ Jg 2A‡€ \d ^\dA\2 :A‡2 \p\gd‡ gJ p g2A‡‡A‡8 p_!™ ! 2Ad !_ g_A \d YA bg A ‡gpY\‡\2!A: !Abp‡ g :A‡2 \)A YA ‡Az”Ad2A gJ ‡!A‡ Y g”QY —Y\2Y YA ‡™‡Ab p!‡‡A‡ !‡ \ bg–A‡ g—! : Az”\_\) \”b !d: \‡ !A gJ p gQ A‡‡ Y g”QY Y! ‡Az”Ad2Au YA A!_ ”\_\™ gJ YA bg:™d!b\2‡ _\A‡ \d \‡ !)\_\™ g p A:\2 —Yg_A p!A d‡ gJ )AY!–\g Jg ! !dQA gJ ‡™‡Ab‡ \d ! !dQA gJ ‡” g”d:\dQ‡u YA‡A p!A d‡ ! A 2gd–Ad\Ad_™ p A‡AdA: \d YA Jg b gJ b!p‡ gJ Az”\_\) \”b ‡!A‡u YA bg:™d!b\2‡ p g:”2A‡ ! –! \A™ gJ ‡”2Y b!p‡ Jg :\JJA Ad 2_!‡‡A‡ gJ ‡™‡Ab‡ gpA !\dQ \d !pp gp \!A ™pA‡ gJ ‡” g”d:\dQ‡u AdA !\gd gJ YA‡A b!p‡ \‡ ! b!\d gp\2 gJ Y\‡ A˜u ”2Y ! b!p p g–\:A‡ !d !)\_\™ g !d‡—A YA z”A‡\gd8 —Y! —\__ Y!ppAd{€ Jg !d™ 2gb)\d!\gd‡ gJ ‡™‡Ab‡ !d: ‡” g”d:\dQ‡ Ad2gbp!‡‡A: )™ YA b!pu \Q” A ju“ \‡ ! ‡^A2Y gJ ‡”2Y ! b!p Jg ! J!b\_\! ‡”)‡!d2A8 —!A u YA ‡™‡Ab ”d:A 2gd‡\:A !\gd r™‡Ab s \‡ ‡gbA K˜A: z”!d\™ gJ YA bg_A2”_! ‡pA2\A. “u  \‡ ^dg—d Y! Y\‡ ‡pA2\A 2!d A˜Y\)\ ! d”b)A gJ ‡ ”2” A‡ rpY!‡A‡s8 :ApAd:\dQ ”pgd \‡ ‡” g”d:\dQ‡7 ‡g_\:8 _\z”\: !d: –!pg r\2A8 —!A !d: ‡A!b g —!A –!pg su r 2A 2!d A˜\‡ \d ! d”b)A gJ :\JJA Ad 2 ™‡!__\dA Jg b‡ )” YA‡A g22” g”‡\:A YA —\d:g— gJ AbpA !” A !d: p A‡‡” A Ap A‡AdA: YA Aus YA 2gd:\\gd gJ YA ‡” g”d:\dQ‡ Y! b!™ )A 2gd‡\:A A: !‡ \bpg‡A: ”pgd YA ‡™‡Ab \‡ ‡pA2\KA:. 6 £ * ­>̓®. ˆµÕˆ`. 6. . Vi . . 6>«œÀ ÓÇÎ. /. ÎÇÎ.   ju“ ^A2Y gJ ! ”d! ™ pY!‡A :\!Q !b Jg —!A u YA dAQ!\–A ‡_gpA gJ YA ‡g_\:E _\z”\: _\dA \‡ A!_8 )” A˜!QQA !A: g \__”‡ !A ! pg\d \d YA A˜u.

(27) ‹. YA bg:™d!b\2‡ \d !A \!_‡ 2\Ad2A. )™ —g –! \!)_A‡7 p A‡‡” A8  !d: AbpA !” A8 u YA b!p8 2!__A: ! pY!‡A :\!Q !b8 \‡ ! :\‡p_!™ gJ YA Az”\_\) \”b ‡!A gJ Y\‡ ‡™‡Ab Jg !d™ ‡A_A2A: ‡!A gJ YA ‡” g”d:\dQ‡u YA :gb!\d _!)A_A: ‡g_\: \‡ YA !dQA gJ ‡” g”d:\dQ 2gd:\\gd‡8 AbpA !” A‡ !d: p A‡‡” A‡8 Jg —Y\2Y YA Kd!_ Az”\_\) \”b ‡!A gJ YA ‡ ”2” A \‡ ‡g_\: —!A 8 \uAu8 \2Au YA gYA —g ! A!‡ _!)A_A: _\z”\: !d: –!pg ! A YA !dQA‡ gJ 2gb)\d!\gd‡ gJ  !d:  \d YA ‡” g”d:\dQ‡ Jg —Y\2Y YA Az”\_\) \”b ‡!A \‡8 A‡pA2\–A_™8 _\z”\: !d: –!pg u g \__”‡ !A Yg— Y\‡ :\!Q !b !:: A‡‡A‡ YA —Y! Y!ppAd‡{€ z”A‡\gd pg‡A: !)g–A8 ‡”ppg‡A Y! ! z”!d\™ gJ ‡pA2\A “ r™‡Ab s \‡ \d\\!__™ ! ! AbpA !” A gJ Šœ? —\Y ! –!pg p A‡‡” A gJ œu‹“ !b8 pg\d \d \Q” A ju“u YA b!p Apg ‡ Y! \d YA‡A ” g”d:\dQ‡ € ™‡Ab  \‡ \d YA –!pg ‡!A8 \uAu8 YA “ A˜\‡‡ !‡ —!A –!pg u ”ppg‡A YA AbpA !” A : gp‡ g ‘œ? —\Yg” 2Y!dQ\dQ YA p A‡‡” A \d YA ‡” g”d:\dQ‡u Y\‡ ” g”d:\dQ‡ € \‡ Ap A‡AdA: )™ YA pg\d \d \Q” A ju“u g\d _\A‡ —\Y\d YA :gb!\d Jg —Y\2Y YA Az”\_\) \”b ‡!A \‡ _\z”\: —!A u Y! Y!ppAd‡{  gp_A‡ gJ _\z”\: )AQ\d g Jg b !d: Q g— r:A— pA Y!p‡ A–g_–\dQ \dg !\d8 :ApAd:\dQ ”pgd ! Yg‡ gJ gYA 2gd:\\gd‡su YA A \‡ ! d”2_A!\gd p g2A‡‡ \d —Y\2Y 2g__\‡\gd‡ gJ —!A bg_A2”_A‡ Jg b \d™ 2_”‡A ‡ Y! A–Ad”!__™ !!\d ! 2 \\2!_ ‡\›A gJ YA _\z”\: pY!‡A Jg Q g—Yu YA‡A Q g— )™ J” YA 2g__\‡\gd‡ —\Y bg_A2”_A‡ \d YA –!pg !d: : gp g YA )ggb gJ YA 2gd!\dA g Jg b YA _\z”\: pY!‡A \d )”_^u gpY\‡\2!A: YAg \A‡ Jg A!2Y gJ YA‡A ^\dA\2 p g2A‡‡A‡ rd”2_A!\gd !d: Q g—Ys p A:\2 YA !A ! —Y\2Y YA™ b!™ Y!ppAd8 YA :\‡pA ‡\gd gJ : gp_A ‡\›A‡8 !d: \:Ad\J™ YA ^\dA\2 !d: YA bg:™d!b\2 –! \!)_A‡ Y! 2gd g_ YA‡A p g2A‡‡A‡u  ‡\b\_! ‡Az”Ad2A gJ A–Ad‡ —g”_: g22” \J ™‡Ab  \d ” g”d:\dQ‡ —A A 2gd!\dA: \d ! 2™_\d:A —\Y ! p\‡gd !d: ! Jg 2A !pp_\A: g bg–A YA p\‡gd g \d2 A!‡A YA –!pg p A‡‡” A g 2 A!A ! dA— ” g”d:\dQ‡ 8 pg\d \d \Q” A ju“u Y\‡ ‡!A !_‡g _\A‡ \d YA :gb!\d gJ _\z”\: —!A gd YA b!pu Q!\d8 —!A : gp_A‡ —\__ d”2_A!A !d: Q g— !d: A–Ad”!__™ 2g!_A‡2A g Jg b YA )”_^ _\z”\:u YA A‡”_\dQ _\z”\: g22”p\A‡ ! ‡b!__ J !2\gd gJ YA p A2” ‡g –!pg pY!‡A ‡g Y! YA p\‡gd —\__ !p\:_™ : gp g dA! _™ YA )ggb gJ YA 2™_\d:A —YAd YA –!pg 2gd:Ad‡A‡u  2gd!\dA gJ _\z”\: —!A \d\\!__™ \d ” g”d:\dQ‡  rpg\d  \d \Q” A ju“s —g”_: 2gd!\d _\z”\: —!A ! Y\‡ AbpA !” A !d: p A‡‡” Au J YA p A‡‡” A \‡ A_\A–A: ‡g Y! \ : gp‡ g j !b ! YA ‡!bA AbpA !” A rpg\d s8 —Y! Y!ppAd‡{ YA Az”\_\) \”b ‡!A \d ” g”d:\dQ‡  \‡ ‡g_\: “u g” b!™ Y!–A g)‡A –A: Y!8 —YAd YA gp \‡ pgppA: gJJ ! )g_A gJ _\z”\: 2g_! Y! Y!‡ )AAd \d YA J AA›A Jg ! —Y\_A r!d: —Y\2Y \‡ ”d:A p A‡‡” A J gb YA :\‡‡g_–A: Q!‡A‡ Y! b!^A \ AJJA –A‡2As YA _\z”\: 2g_! b!™ ‡”::Ad_™ J AA›A 2gbp_AA_™u Y\‡ ‡\”!\gd _A!:‡ g YA 2gd‡\:A ![ \gd gJ YA p g2A‡‡ gJ d”2_A!\gd gJ \2A 2 ™‡!_‡ Jg__g—A: )™ YA\ Q g—Yu \Q” A ju‘ \‡ ! ‡^A2Y gJ YA b!p gJ YA :gb!\d‡ gJ ‡!)\_\™ gJ YA pY!‡A‡ Jg YA A_AbAd bg_™):Ad”bu \^A “8 bg_™):Ad”b A˜Y\)\‡ Y AA pY!‡A Jg b‡8 ‡g_\:8 _\z”\: !d: –!pg u YA b!p‡ \d \Q” A ju“ !d: \Q” A ju‘ ! A z”!_\!\–A_™ ‡\b\_! 8 )” YA z”!d\!\–A :\JJA Ad2A‡ ! A ‡pA2!2”_! u  j !b p A‡‡” A _\z”\: —!A \‡ ‡!)_A )A—AAd “Š‘ !d: ‘Š‘ u d:A j !bg‡pYA A p A‡‡” A YA !dQA gJ ‡!)\_\™ gJ _\z”\: bg_™):Ad”b \‡ J gb “eBœ g Oej“ u Y\‡ Y”QA :\JJA Ad2A \d )AY!–\g AMA2‡ YA d!” A gJ YA )gd:‡ Y! Yg_: —!A bg_A2”_A‡ gQAYA \d 2gbp! \‡gd g Yg‡A Y! !2 )A—AAd bg_™):Ad”b !gb‡u.

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(46) jB. YA bg:™d!b\2‡ \d !A \!_‡ 2\Ad2A. YA 2gd:\\gd gJ YA ‡™‡Ab ! YA \bA gJ g)‡A –!\gd \‡ :A‡2 \)A: \d A b‡ gJ \‡ p gpA \A‡8 z”!d\\A‡ Y! Apg  !‡pA2‡ gJ YA ‡!A gJ YA ‡™‡Ab ‡”2Y !‡ \‡ AbpA !” A8 8 \‡ p A‡‡” A8 8 \‡ –g_”bA8 8 \‡ 2YAb\2!_ 2gbpg‡\\gd8 !d: ‡g gdu ‡ YA ‡™‡Ab \‡ 2!”‡A: g p!‡‡ Y g”QY ! p g2A‡‡ \‡ p gpA \A‡ A˜pA \Ad2A 2Y!dQA‡ r\Q” A “ujsu  –A ™ 2gbbgd !pp_\2!\gd gJ YA bg:™d!b\2‡ \‡ ! 2!_2”_!\gd gJ YA 2Y!dQA‡ Y! g22” \d YA p gpA \A‡ gJ ‡gbA ‡pA2\KA: ‡™‡Ab !‡ \ \‡ !^Ad Y g”QY ‡gbA ‡pA2\KA: p g2A‡‡u Y”‡8 !d \bpg !d !‡pA2 gJ YA :A–A_gpbAd gJ YA bg:™d!b\2‡ \‡ YA :A:”2\gd gJ A_!\gd‡Y\p‡ )A—AAd YA p gpA \A‡ gJ ! ‡™‡Ab8 ‡g Y! 2Y!dQA‡ \d ‡gbA p gpA \A‡ gJ \dA A‡8 AuQu8 YA Ad gp™ gJ YA ‡™‡Ab8 b!™ )A 2gbp”A: J gb \dJg b!\gd Q\–Ad g :AA b\dA: !)g” 2Y!dQA‡ \d gYA p gpA \A‡ gJ YA ‡™‡Ab8 AuQu8 AbpA !” A !d: p A‡‡” Au d ”d:A ‡!d:\dQ gJ YA ‡ ”2” A gJ YA bg:™d!b\2‡ \‡ !\:A: Q A!_™ )™ :A_\)A !A_™ g Q!d\›\dQ YA p A‡Ad!\gd gd YA )!‡\‡ gJ ! ‡A \A‡ gJ 2_!‡‡\K2!\gd‡8 —Y\2Y 2gbp! bAd!_\›A YA‡A 2Y! !2A \‡\2‡ gJ YA KA_:8 !d: Y”‡ pA b\ ! Jg2”‡ ”pgd YA ‡”)‡A gJ YA YA bg:™d!b\2 !pp! !”‡ Y! \‡ !pp gp \!A g ! ‡pA2\K2 p g)_Abu 22g :\dQ_™8 p A‡AdA: \d Y\‡ 2Y!pA ! A 2_!‡‡\K2!\gd‡ gJ7 ju YA bg:™d!b\2 ‡™‡Ab‡u “u YA bg:™d!b\2 p gpA \A‡u ‘u YA bg:™d!b\2 A_!\gd‡Y\p‡u !‡A ™ gJ YA ‡ !AQ™ Jg :A–A_gp\dQ A_!\gd‡Y\p‡ !bgdQ YA p gpA \A‡ gJ YA bg:™d!b\2 ‡™‡Ab‡ p!–A‡ YA —!™ Jg :A:”2\dQ YA ‡A‡ gJ —g ^\dQ Az”!\gd‡ Y! ! A gJ bg‡ p !2\2!_ \bpg !d2A \d YA bg:™d!b\2‡7 YA 2gd:\\gd‡ Jg Az”\_\) \”bu YA‡A Az”!\gd‡ ! A YA )!‡\‡ Jg :A–A_gp\dQ YA b!p‡ gJ Az”\_\) \”b ‡!A‡ :\‡2”‡‡A: \d Y!pA ju  QAdA !_ 2 \A \gd Y! b!™ )A ”‡A: g :AA b\dA —YAd ! ‡™‡Ab Y!‡ !!\dA: YA bg:™d!b\2 Az”\_\) \”b \‡ \d g:”2A: \d A2\gd “uOu Y\‡ 2gd2Ap \‡ :A–A_gpA: p A2\‡A_™ !d: b!YAb!\2!__™ \d Y!pA L8 !_gdQ —\Y ! QAdA !_ ‡ !AQ™ Jg Kd:\dQ YA 2gd:\\gd‡ Jg Az”\_\) \”b \d YA bg‡ 2gbp_A˜ ^\d: gJ YA bg:™d!b\2 ‡™‡Abu. “uj           YA 2gbp_AA YA bg:™d!b\2 !pp! !”‡ \‡ 2!p!)_A gJ A–!_”!\dQ YA Az”\_\) \”b 2gd:\\gd‡ gJ YA bg‡ 2gbp_A˜ ^\d: gJ ‡™‡Ab !‡ \ A˜pA \Ad2A‡ YA J”__ !dQA gJ pgAd\!_ \dM”Ad2A‡ Y! Y!–A )AAd \:Ad\KA: Y! b!™ !JJA2 \‡ 2gd:\\gdu g‡ p !2\2!_ p g)_Ab‡ \d YA bg:™d!b\2‡ :g dg Az”\ A YA \d–g2!\gd gJ YA —Yg_A YA bg:™d!b\2 ‡ ”2” A Jg YA\ ‡g_”\gdu d g :A g p\dpg\d YA p!  gJ YA !pp! !”‡ Y! b”‡ )A ”‡A: g Y!d:_A ! Q\–Ad 2!‡A8 \ \‡ ”‡AJ”_ g :A–\‡A ! 2_!‡‡\K2!\gd gJ YA bg:™d!b\2‡ ‡™‡Ab‡u ‡A gJ ‡”2Y ! 2_!‡‡\K2!\gd ! YA )AQ\dd\dQ gJ 2gd‡\:A !\gd gJ !d™ p g)_Ab ‡A –A‡ g Jg2”‡ !Ad\gd gd YA ‡pA2\K2 ‡A gJ \dM”Ad2A‡ Y! b!™ gpA !A8 !d:8 pA Y!p‡ bg A \bpg !d8 Yg‡A Y! b!™ )A A˜2_”:A: J gb 2gd‡\:A !\gdu Y\‡ 2_!‡‡\K2!\gd !_‡g ‡A –A‡ !‡ ! )!‡\‡ Jg _!™\dQ g” YA ‡Az”Ad2A gJ p A‡Ad!\gd \d Y\‡ A˜u.

(47) YA  ”2” A gJ YA bg:™d!b\2‡. je -ÞÃÌi“. /i“«iÀ>ÌÕÀi] / *ÀiÃÃÕÀi] *. œ“«œÃˆÌˆœ˜] 8Ž 6œÕ“i] 6. œÕ˜`>ÀÞ.   “uj YA ‡”)‡A gJ YA ”d\–A ‡A \d Jg2”‡ \d ! p! \2”_! !pp_\2!\gd gJ YA bg:™d!b\2‡ \‡ ”‡”!__™ 2!__A: YA ‡™‡Abu  !d™ Q\–Ad \d‡!d gJ g)‡A –!\gd YA 2gd:\\gd gJ YA ‡™‡Ab \‡ :A‡2 \)A: )™ !d !pp gp \!A ‡A gJ p gpA \A‡u \b\!\gd‡ gd 2Y!dQA‡ \d YA‡A p gpA \A‡ ! A ‡A )™ YA d!” A gJ \‡ )g”d:! ™u.  YA g”‡A gJ 2gd‡\:A !\gd gJ !d™ p g)_Ab8 2_!‡‡\J™ YA ‡™‡Ab ”d:A ‡”:™ !22g :\dQ g A!2Y gJ YA Jg__g—\dQ K–A 2!AQg \A‡7 ju “u ‘u Ou Lu. d! ™ –‡u b”_\2gbpgdAdu. gbgQAdAg”‡ –‡u YAA gQAdAg”‡u _g‡A: –‡u gpAdu gd A!2\dQ –‡u A!2\dQu YA —\‡A ‡\bp_A –‡u 2gbp_A˜u. !2Y gJ YA‡A :A‡2 \p\–A —g :‡ Y!‡ A˜p_\2\ bA!d\dQ \d YA bg:™d!b\2‡u !AQg ™ j \:Ad\KA‡ YA 2gbp_A˜\™ gJ YA 2YAb\‡ ™ gJ YA ‡™‡Abu ™‡Ab‡ —\Y YA ‡\bp_A‡ 2YAb\2!_ 2gbpg‡\\gd ! A ”d! ™8 —Y\2Y bA!d‡7 gdA 2YAb\2!_. /. /. *. * / ]* ]6. / ]* ]6 6. -Ì>Ìi . 6. *ÀœViÃÃ. -Ì>Ìi .   “u“  p g2A‡‡ \‡ ! 2Y!dQA \d YA 2gd:\\gd g ‡!A gJ YA ‡™‡Abu  gpA \A‡ 2Y!dQA J gb YA\ –!_”A‡ \d ‡gbA \d\\!_ ‡!A  g ‡gbA Kd!_ ‡!A u.

(48) “œ. YA bg:™d!b\2‡ \d !A \!_‡ 2\Ad2A. 2gbpgdAdu J ! ‡™‡Ab Y!‡ bg A Y!d gdA 2YAb\2!_ 2gbpgdAd8 \uAu8 \‡ b”_\2gbpgdAd8 !::\\gd!_ !pp! !”‡ b”‡ )A :A–\‡A: g :A‡2 \)A \‡ )AY!–\g ‰ \‡ 2gbpg‡\\gd b!™ –! ™u YA —g : YgbgQAdAg”‡ \d 2!AQg ™ “ Y!‡ ! ‡pA2\K2 YA bg:™d!b\2 bA!d\dQ7 ‡\dQ_A pY!‡Au J ! ‡™‡Ab \‡ 2gbpg‡A: gJ bg A Y!d gdA pY!‡A rAuQu8 ! b\˜” A gJ —!A !d: \2As8 \ \‡ YAA gQAdAg”‡u  A!bAd gJ YAA gQAdAg”‡ ‡™‡Ab‡ !::‡ g YA YA bg:™d!b\2 !pp! !”‡u d 2!AQg ™ ‘8 2_g‡A: Y!‡ ! ‡pA2\K2 YA bg:™d!b\2 bA!d\dQ7 2_g‡A: :A‡2 \)A‡ ! ‡™‡Ab Y! b!^A‡ dg A˜2Y!dQA‡ gJ b!A —\Y \‡ ‡” g”d:\dQ‡ Jg YA p g2A‡‡A‡ )A\dQ 2gd‡\:A A:u J b!A \‡  !d‡JA A: !2 g‡‡ YA )g”d:! ™8 YA ‡™‡Ab \‡ !d gpAd ‡™‡Ab8 !d: A b‡ b”‡ )A !::A: g !__g— Jg 2Y!dQA‡ \d 2gd:\\gd !‡‡g2\!A: —\Y YA !::\\gd gJ b!A g YA ‡™‡Abu !AQg ™ O ) \dQ‡ \dg 2gd‡\:A !\gd ‡™‡Ab‡ Y! 2!d A˜Y\)\ 2YAb\2!_ A!2\gd‡ !d: Jg2”‡A‡ ”pgd YA !::\\gd!_ !pp! !”‡ Az”\ A: g :A‡2 \)A 2YAb\2!_ A!2\gd‡u YA _!‡ 2!AQg ™ _”bp‡ !__ gYA \dM”Ad2A‡ \dg ! ‡\dQ_A _\‡\dQu J ! ‡™‡Ab \‡ 2!p!)_A gJ A˜Y\)\\dQ ^\d:‡ gJ AdA Q™ A˜2Y!dQA gYA Y!d Yg‡A ! \‡\dQ J gb YA b!_8 bA2Y!d\2!_ g 2YAb\2!_ 2Y!dQA‡8 AuQu8 \J \d YA p g)_Ab ! Y!d: YA A b!™ )A \d–g_–A: Q !–\!\gd!_8 A_A2 \2!_8 b!QdA\2 g ‡” J!2A \dM”Ad2A‡8 YAd \ \‡ 2_!‡‡\KA: !‡ 2gbp_A˜ \d Y\‡ 2!AQg ™u J dgdA gJ YA‡A ‡pA2\!_ ^\d:‡ gJ \dM”Ad2A‡ gpA !A‡ \d YA p g)_Ab ! Y!d:8 \ \‡ !d gYA —\‡A ‡\bp_A ‡™‡Abu \Q” A “u‘ \‡ ! 2 g‡‡[‡A2\gd Y g”QY ! Y\d K_b :A–\2Au  gb YA pg\d gJ –\A— gJ YA bg:™d!b\2‡ YA ‡™‡Ab 2gd‡\‡‡ gJ ! _! QA d”b)A gJ 2YAb\2!_ 2gbpgdAd‡8 ‡gbA !‡ \bp” \\A‡ !::A: g 2gd g_ YA A_A2 gd\2 p gpA \A‡8 :\‡ \)”A: Y g”QY ‡A–A !_ pY!‡A‡u YAb\2!_ A!2\gd‡ b!™ g22” ! YA Q!‡Œ‡g_\: \dA J!2A !d: )A—AAd YA ‡g_\: pY!‡A‡u Y”‡8 :” \dQ p g2A‡‡\dQ Y\‡ ‡™‡Ab b!™ )A 2_!‡‡\KA: !‡ ! b”_\2gbpgdAd8 b”_\pY!‡A8 2_g‡A:8 A!2\dQ8 gYA —\‡A ‡\bp_A ‡™‡Abu. -œÕÀVi -ˆ"Ó. -ˆ ³ * ­ˆ} ÌÞ `œ«i`®. >Ìi.

(49) À>ˆ˜ . . . -ˆ"Ó. ˜³. ˜³. >˜˜i ­-ˆ ³ *® ­i>ۈÞ `œ«i`® *. -ˆ"Ó. -ˆ ³ * ­ˆ} ÌÞ `œ«i`®. -ÕLÃÌÀ>Ìi ­-ˆˆVœ˜®  œ`Þ.   “u‘  g‡‡[‡A2\gd Y g”QY !  rbA!_ g˜\:A ‡Ab\2gd:”2g KA_: AJJA2  !d‡\‡g s Y\d K_b :A–\2A ‡Yg—‡ \ g )A ! b”_\2gbpgdAd8 b”_\pY!‡A ‡™‡Ab \d —Y\2Y 2YAb\2!_ A!2\gd‡ !d: YA \dM”Ad2A gJ !d A_A2 \2 KA_: ! A \bpg !du.

(50) YA  ”2” A gJ YA bg:™d!b\2‡. “j. YA bg‡ ”:\bAd! ™ ^\d: gJ ‡™‡Ab Y! b!™ )A Ad2g”dA A: \‡ 2_!‡‡\KA: !‡ !d ”d! ™8 YgbgQAdAg”‡8 2_g‡A:8 dgd A!2\dQ8 gYA —\‡A ‡\bp_A ‡™‡Abu Y\‡ 2_!‡‡\K2!\gd gJ ‡\bp_A‡ gJ ‡™‡Ab‡ \‡ YA Jg2”‡ gJ Y!pA Ou Y!pA Š \d g:”2A‡ ”d! ™ YAA gQAdAg”‡ ‡™‡Ab‡u Y!pA B p A‡Ad‡ YA !pp! !”‡ Jg Y!d:_\dQ b”_\2gbpgdAd8 YgbgQAdAg”‡ ‡™‡Ab‡u ”_\2gbpgdAd8 YAA gQAdAg”‡ ‡™‡Ab‡ ! A :A!_ —\Y \d Y!pA ‡ e !d: jœu YA !pp! !”‡ Jg Y!d:_\dQ A!2\dQ ‡™‡Ab‡ \‡ 2gd!\dA: \d Y!pA jju gbp_A˜ ‡™‡Ab‡ ! A :A!_ —\Y \d Y!pA ‡ j“ g jLu YA A˜ p gQ A‡‡A‡ Y g”QY ! ‡Az”Ad2A gJ 2_!‡‡A‡ gJ ‡™‡Ab‡ gJ \d2 A!‡\dQ 2gbp_A˜\™ ”d\_8 ! YA Ad:8 YA gg_‡ Jg :A‡2 \)\dQ YA )AY!–\g gJ b!A \d YA bg‡ 2gbp_\2!A: ^\d: gJ ‡™‡Ab7 b”_\2gbpgdAd8 YAA gQAdAg”‡8 gpAd8 A!2\dQ8 2gbp_A˜ ! A \d Y!d:u. “u“           YA \dA d!_ 2gd:\\gd gJ ! YA bg:™d!b\2 ‡™‡Ab8 YA 2Y!dQA‡ \d \‡ 2gd:\\gd8 !d: YA A˜2Y!dQA‡ \d b!A !d: AdA Q™8 —Y\2Y \ b!™ A˜pA \Ad2A8 ! A z”!d\KA: )™ !‡‡\Qd\dQ –!_”A‡ g –! \!)_A‡ Y! Y!–A )AAd :AKdA: Jg Y! p” pg‡Au YA‡A –! \!)_A‡ ! A YA b!YAb!\2!_ ‡”JJ gJ YA bg:™d!b\2‡‰ YA\ A–!_”!\gd \‡ YA ]”‡\K2!\gd Jg \d–Ad\dQ YA !pp! !”‡ \d YA K ‡ p_!2Au YA™ J!__ \dg —g b!]g 2_!‡‡A‡7 ‡!A J”d2\gd‡ !d: p g2A‡‡ –! \!)_A‡u. “u“uj     ‡!A J”d2\gd \‡ ! p gpA ™ gJ ! ‡™‡Ab Y! Y!‡ ! –!_”A Y! :ApAd:‡ ”pgd YA 2” Ad 2gd:\\gd gJ YA ‡™‡Ab !d: dg ”pgd Yg— YA ‡™‡Ab ! \–A: ! Y! 2gd:\\gdu YA AbpA !” A gJ YA !\ \d YA ggb Y!‡ ! 2A !\d –!_”A ! YA bgbAd —Y\2Y :gA‡ dg :ApAd: ”pgd —YAYA YA ggb YA!A: ”p g Y! AbpA !” A g 2gg_A: :g—d g \u YA J!b\_\! p gpA \A‡ Y! Y!–A Y\‡ ! \)”A ! A7 p A‡‡” A8 –g_”bA !d: 2YAb\2!_ 2gbpg‡\\gdu \Q” A “uO ‡Yg—‡ YA b!YAb!\2!_ d!” A gJ ! ‡!A J”d2\gdu dA gJ YA Q A! !22gbp_\‡YbAd‡ gJ YA bg:™d!b\2‡ \‡ YA \:Ad\K2!\gd gJ YA‡A !d: gYA p gpA \A‡ gJ ‡™‡Ab‡8 pA Y!p‡ dg ‡g J!b\_\! 8 —Y\2Y ! A !_‡g J”d2\gd‡ gd_™ gJ YA 2” Ad 2gd:\\gd gJ YA ‡™‡Abu YA‡A \d2_”:A –! \g”‡ bA!‡” A‡ gJ YA AdA Q™ gJ YA ‡™‡Ab8 \‡ Ad gp™8 ! –! \A™ gJ p gpA \A‡ !‡‡g2\!A: —\Y 2gbpgdAd‡ \d ‡g_”\gd‡8 !d: p gpA \A‡ !‡‡g2\!A: —\Y 2gbp_A˜ !‡pA2‡ gJ YA ‡™‡Abu gbp_AA :AKd\\gd‡ gJ YA‡A p gpA \A‡ ! A K ‡ :A–A_gpA: \d Y!pA ‡ ‘ !d: O‰ YA _\‡ \‡ A˜p!d:A: !‡ YA !pp! !”‡ \d _!A 2Y!pA ‡ Az”\ A‡u YA J!2 Y! ‡”2Y ‡!A J”d2\gd‡ A˜\‡ Q\–A‡ \‡A g gdA gJ YA bg‡ \bpg !d ‡ !AQ\A‡ Jg YA YA bg:™d!b\2 !d!_™‡\‡ gJ YA 2gbp_\2!A: p g2A‡‡A‡ Y! ! A _\^A_™ g )A Ad2g”dA A: \d YA A!_ —g _: gJ ‡2\Ad2A !d: A2Ydg_gQ™u  p g2A‡‡ 2gd–A ‡ YA 2gd:\\gd gJ ! ‡™‡Ab J gb ‡gbA \d\\!_ ‡!A8 8 g ‡gbA Kd!_ ‡!A8 u  A2\‡A_™ )A2!”‡A Y\‡ 2_!‡‡ gJ p gpA \A‡8 ‡!A J”d2\gd‡8 :ApAd:‡ gd_™ ”pgd YA ‡!A gJ YA ‡™‡Ab8 YA 2Y!dQA \d !d™ ‡!A J”d2\gd Jg !d™ p g2A‡‡ \‡ !_—!™‡ ‡\bp_™ \‡ –!_”A Jg YA Kd!_ ‡!A b\d”‡ \‡ –!_”A Jg YA \d\\!_ ‡!Au Y”‡8 YA 2Y!dQA \d !d™ ‡!A J”d2\gd b”‡ )A YA ‡!bA Jg A–A ™ p g2A‡‡ Y! 2gd–A ‡ YA ‡™‡Ab J gb YA.

References

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