Australian Standard
R
Technical drawing
29 May 1985 and published on 4 November 1985.
The following interests are represented on Committee MS/32:
Association for Computer Aided Design Limited
Association of Consulting Engineers Australia
Australian Chamber of Commerce
Australian Gas Association
Bureau of Steel Manufacturers of Australia
CSIRO, Division of Applied Physics
Confederation of Australian Industry
Department of Conservation, Forests and Lands, Victoria
Department of Defence
Department of Defence Support
Department of Housing and Construction
Department of Public Works, New South Wales
Electricity Supply Association of Australia
Institute of Draftsmen Australia
Institution of Engineers Australia
Institution of Production Engineers
Master Builders Federation of Australia
Royal Australian Institute of Architects
Society of Automotive Engineers, Australasia
Telecom Australia
University of Melbourne
University of New South Wales
University of Queensland
The following bodies also participated in the preparation of this standard as
members of Subcommittee MS/32/4, Architectural Drawing:
Housing Commission of New South Wales
Housing Industry Association of Australia
NSW Institute of Technology
Practising Architects Association
State Electricity Commission of Victoria
Review of Australian Standards. To keep abreast of progress in industry, Australian Standards are subject to periodic review and are kept up to date by the issue of amendments or new editions as necessary. It is important therefore that Standards users ensure that they are in possession of the latest edition, and any amendments thereto.
Full details of all Australian Standards and related publications will be found in the Standards Australia Catalogue of Publications; this information is supplemented each month by the magazine ‘The Australian Standard’, which subscribing members receive, and which gives details of new publications, new editions and amendments, and of withdrawn Standards.
Suggestions for improvements to Australian Standards, addressed to the head office of Standards Australia, are welcomed. Notification of any inaccuracy or ambiguity found in an Australian Standard should be made without delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken.
Australian Standard
R
Technical drawing
Part 301: Architectural drawing
First published (as AS 1100, Part 13). . . 1978 AS 1100, Part 301 first published . . . 1985
PUBLISHED BY STANDARDS AUSTRALIA
(STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA)
1 THE CRESCENT, HOMEBUSH, NSW 2140
This standard was prepared by the Association’s Committee on Technical Drawing. It constitutes Part 301 of a new multi–part standard designated AS 1100, Technical Drawing, which supersedes the 13–part standard AS 1100, Drawing Practice.
The following Parts have been published:
Part 101—General Principles
Part 201—Mechanical Drawing
Part 401—Engineering Survey and Engineering Survey Design Drawing.
Concurrent with this Part 301 is published Part 501, Structural Engineering
Drawing.
This Part 301, Architectural Drawing, supersedes AS 1100, Part 13–1978.
It was in 1976 that the above committee decided that rather than have a standard
of many parts it would be better if all aspects of technical drawing were
consolidated into fewer parts that would embrace the entire discipline.
The designation AS 1100 has been retained for this new multi–part standard since
it is already well established throughout industry and teaching institutions as the
Australian standard number for technical drawing. However, to identify these new
editions from the previous ones, the designation of 3–digit Part numbers has been
employed.
This Part 301 deals with architectural drawing and changes from the previous
edition, AS 1100, Part 13–1978, are relatively minor. There has been some
redrafting and rearrangement in order to align with Part 101. Colour–coding
provisions from the former AS CA25–1955 have been restored. Some additional
symbols are given. Dimensional coordination, which has not become as common
as previously expected, has not been included in this edition.
It must be remembered that an architectural drawing is essentially a means of
communication between all parties involved in the planning, design and
construction of the building represented. The aims in its preparation should include
clarity, consistency, ease of comprehension, freedom from ambiguity, and
completeness of information without superfluity.
Care should be taken not to confuse the symbols given in this standard with the
scaled plotting of features which should be the adopted practice where practicable.
Consideration must be given to line thickness, symbol height and lettering to
ensure that they are suitable for the drawing scale, sheet size and possible filing
method, e.g. microfilm.
This standard is intended to be suitable for both manual and computer–aided
drafting.
Supplement No 1 to this standard gives drawings illustrating the use of
conventions specified in the standard.
E Copyright — STANDARDS AUSTRALIA
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Standards Australia will permit up to 10 percent of the technical content pages of a Standard to be copied for use exclusively in–house by purchasers of the Standard without payment of a royalty or advice to Standards Australia.
Standards Australia will also permit the inclusion of its copyright material in computer software programs for no royalty payment provided such programs are used exclusively in–house by the creators of the programs.
Care should be taken to ensure that material used is from the current edition of the Standard and that it is updated whenever the Standard is amended or revised. The number and date of the Standard should therefore be clearly identified.
The use of material in print form or in computer software programs to be used commercially, with or without payment, or in commercial contracts is subject to the payment of a royalty. This policy may be varied by Standards Australia at any time.
Page
SECTION 1.
SCOPE AND GENERAL
1.1
Scope
. . .
4
1.2
Application
. . .
4
1.3
Referenced Documents
. . .
4
1.4
Definitions
. . .
4
1.5
Classification of Documents
. . .
4
1.6
Legends
. . .
5
SECTION 2.
GENERAL APPLICATIONS
2.1
Dimensioning
. . .
6
2.2
Lines
. . .
6
2.3
Symbols
. . .
7
2.4
Abbreviations
. . .
9
2.5
Designation and Coding of Spaces and Components
. . .
11
2.6
Drawing Scales
. . .
11
2.7
Layout of Drawing Sheets
. . .
11
SECTION 3.
INDICATION OF LEVELS AND GRADIENTS
3.1
Expression of Levels
. . .
12
3.2
Expression of Gradient
. . .
13
3.3
Orientation of Plans
. . .
13
SECTION 4.
ARCHITECTURAL CONVENTIONS
4.1
Windows
. . .
14
4.2
Doors
. . .
14
4.3
Miscellaneous Conventions
. . .
16
SECTION 5.
REPRESENTATION OF MATERIALS
5.1
Hatching
. . .
18
5.2
Colouring
. . .
18
APPENDICES
A Conventions for Cross–Referencing of Drawings
. . .
21
STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA
Australian Standard
for
TECHNICAL DRAWING
PART 301 — ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING
SECTION 1. SCOPE AND GENERAL
1.1 SCO PE. This standard sets out recommendations
for architectural drawing practice. It is complementary to AS 1100, Part 101.
This standard indicates methods of presenting drawings of architectural work, before, during and after the construction period.
The standard includes information on abbreviations (additional to those in AS 1100, Part 101), the layout of drawing sheets, line conventions, and conventions for the cross-referencing of drawings, coordinates and grids. Sample drawings are given in Supplement No. 1, published separately.
1.2 APP LICATION . The principles given in this standard are intended for adoption by architects, engineers, drafters and builders in both Government authorities and private enterprise throughout Australia. The standard is intended as a basis for comm on practice, upon which technical organizations can base their own detailed rules or manuals for the preparation and presentation of drafting work.
The application of this standard may require reference to AS 1100, Part 201, Part 401 and Part 501, AS 1101, Part 5 and AS 1102, Part 8.
1.3 REFERE NC ED DOCU MEN TS. The following standards are referred to in this standard:
AS 1100 Technical Drawing
Part 101 — 1984 General Principles Part 201 — 1984 Mechanical Drawing Part 401 — 1984 Engineering Survey and
E n gi n eer i n g S ur vey Design Drawing
Part 501-1985 Structural Engineering Drawing
AS 1101 Graphical Symbols for General Engineering Part 5 — Piping, Ducting and Mechanical
Services for Buildings
AS 1102 Graphical Symbols for Electrotechnology Part 8 — Location Symbols — Power and
Comm unications Installations for Buildings and Sites
AS 1155 Metric Units for Use in the Construction Industry
AS 2700S Colour Standards for General Purposes SA A MH2 Metric Data for Building Designers
1.4 DEFINITIONS . For the purpose of this standard,
the definitions given in AS 1100, Part 101, and the following apply:
1.4.1 Job datum — a clearly defined and accessible
marker which will be visible and unlikely to be disturbed during the course of a job, from which the required reduced levels of the parts of a building or its site can be readily measured during construction.
1.4.2 Level — the height or depth of an object or point
related to a specified datum. Where possible, this datum should be the Australian Height Datum.
NOTE: In engineeri ng survey drawing, the term ‘height’ instead of ‘l evel’ is used to defi ne verti cal positi on (see AS 1100, Part 401). However, in archit ectural practice, the term ‘height’ is used for a vert ical distance or interval, e.g. fl oor- to-f loor height.
1.4.3 Reduced level (RL) — a level related to a
nominated datum.
1.4.4 Reflected plan — the plan of a ceiling or the like,
viewed from above as if reflected by the upper surface of a horizontal plane of section below the ceiling.
1.4.5 Section — the projection of the cut in an object
made by a cutting plane on a plane parallel thereto.
1.5 CLASSIFICATION OF DO CUM ENTS.
1.5.1 General. For clarity in comm unication and to
enable information to be found quickly, documents shall be classified according to the type of information to be presented.
Each should contain only information which is appropriate to its category. Drawings should not contain information which can be better conveyed by schedules or specifications, and vice versa.
1.5.2 Document classification.
1.5.2.1 Types. For the purpose of classification, documents may be identified as ‘drawings’ or ‘other documents’, as outlined in Clauses 1.5.2.2 and 1.5.2.3.
1.5.2.2 Drawings.
(a) Drawings at design stage.
(i) Schematic drawing — a preliminary design drawing, sketch or diagram showing in outline form the designer’s general intention. (ii) Development drawing — a design drawing developed to show the building and site as envisaged by the designer and from which production drawings can be produced.
(b) Drawings at production stage.
(i) Location drawing — a drawing produced in order that drawing users
may-A. gain an overall picture of the layout and shape of the building;
B. determine setting-out dimensions for the building as a whole;
C. locate and identify the spaces and parts of the building, e.g. rooms, doors, cladding panels, drainage; and
D. pick up references which lead to more specific information, particularly about junctions between the parts of the building.
Each group of location drawings will almost always include site plans, floor plans, elevations, sections and, very often, drainage plans, but there will be occasions when further categories, such as joist layouts, reflected ceiling plans or the enlargement of complex areas may be necessary.
(ii) Component drawing — a drawing to show the information necessary for the manufacture and application of components. Information on basic sizes, and system or performance data are often also shown.
(iii) Assembly drawing — a drawing to show in detail the construction of buildings and junctions in and between elements and/or components.
1.5.2.3 Other documents. Other documents identified at production stage
are-(a) specification — a precise description of materials and workmanship of a project or parts thereof which are not shown on drawings or in schedules; (b) schedule — tabulated information on a range of
similar items differing in detail, such as doors, windows, etc; and
(c) bill of quantities — a complete measure of the quantities of material, labour and any other items required to carry out a project based on the specification, drawings and schedules.
1.6 LEG END S. Where appropriate, legends shall be
provided in respect of items not represented by standard symbols, such as the following:
(a) Existing work. (b) Set-out lines.
NOTE: See Clause 1.6 of AS 1100, Part 401, for furt her examples.
SECTION 2. GENERAL APPLICATIONS
2.1 DIMENS IONING. Units and methods used in
dimensioning of drawings shall be in accordance with AS 1100, Parts 101 and 201, and AS 1155. Dimensions
may be indicated in accordance with the following conventions:
NOTE: The use of tolerances as in dimensional coordinati on has not been generall y adopted and therefore is not included in this editi on of the standard. Drawing off ices can stil l use this method if desired. Examples of drawings are given in SAA MH2.
2.2 LINES.
2.2.1 Type of line. A type of line appropriate for each
application should be selected from Clause 3.1 of AS 1100, Part 101, and used in accordance with Table 2.1(B) herein.
2.2.2 Line thickness. Line thicknesses shall be selected in accordance with Clause 3.2.1 of AS 1100,
Part 101, except that a continuous medium line may also be used (designated M in Table 2.1(A) herein). The examples shown in Table 2.1.(A) are taken from line group 0.7 mm which is generally favoured. A line of thickness 0.25 mm or less may be difficult to reproduce in reductions, and is not recomm ended.
TABLE 2.1(A) TYPE OF LINE Designating
lett er Type of li ne Example of line
A Continuouse — thick* M Continuous — medium† B Continuous — thin*
* In accordance wit h AS 1100, Part 101. † In accordance wit h AS 1100, Part 501.
TABLE 2.1(B)
AP PLICATION OF LINE S
Drawing and appli cati on Designating letter (see Table 2.1(A)
Schemati c drawings:
Outl ine of new buil dings and sit e boundaries Outl ine of existing buil ding
Reference li nes, dimension lines and hatching
A M B Development drawings:
Outl ine of sit e and new buil ding
General building works and landscaping
Reference grids, dimension li nes and hatching
A M B Locati on drawings:
Primary elements in horizontal or vert ical secti on, outl ines requiri ng emphasis
Components and assembli es in plan, section and elevation Reference grids, dimension li nes and hatching
A M B Component and assembly drawings:
Profil es in horizontal or vert ical secti on Profil es in plan or elevati on
Reference grids, dimension li nes and hatching
A M B
2.3 SYM BOLS. The symbols given in Table 2.2 should
be used to indicate relevant features on drawings prepared for general or communication purposes, but only where drawing to scale is impracticable.
NOTE: Symbol size and line thickness will depend on drawing size and scale. Symbols given have therefore not been dimensioned.
TABLE 2.2
GE NER AL SYMB OLS
TABLE 2.2 (continued)
GE NER AL SYMB OLS
NOTE: It is recognized that numerous tr acing templates wit h dif feri ng symbols are avail able, and that the increasing appli cati on of computer-aided drafti ng packages will generate an ever wider variati on of symbols. The symbols given are examples of standard symbols that can be drawn manuall y.
Where possible, the symbols should be drawn wit hout their associated abbreviati ons, to minimize clutt er and improve clarit y. Abbreviations should not be required, for example, where a larger scale drawing is cross-r eferenced, but may be required if there is a need for other symbols of simil ar appearance.
Examples of other items not included are:
Refr igerator, dishwasher, clothes washer, clothes dryer, cooker, wall oven, cleaner’ s sink. Most of these would be squares or rectangles (possibly wit h a diagonal through them) and the associated abbreviation.
Cleaner’ s sink would look very simil ar to tub-single, therefore identi fi cati on lett ers would need to be added to the symbol.
2.4 ABB REV IATIONS. Abbreviations for use in general applications shall be in accordance with AS 1100, Part 101 and Tables 2.3 and 2.4 herein.
(Table 2.4 gives the decoding of the abbreviations given in Table 2.3.)
TABLE 2.3
GE NER AL ABBR EV IATION S —ENCO DING
Word(s) Abbreviati on Word(s) Abbreviati on
acid-r esistant . . . . acid waste . . . . acoustic plaster acoustic til e . . . . air bri ck . . . . aluminium . . . . asbestos cement . . . . asphalt . . . . blanket . . . . bookcase . . . . brickwork . . . . brick veneer . . . . cavity wall . . . . cement render . . . . ceramic til e . . . . chemical closet . . . . clothes drier . . . . clothes washer . . . . cooker . . . . corr ugated . . . . cupboard . . . . damp-proof membrane . . . . dishwasher . . . . door . . . . double glazing . . . . double hung . . . . down pipe . . . . drinking fountain . . . . face bri ck . . . . fi brous cememt . . . . fi nished ceili ng level . . . . fi nished floor level . . . . fi xed . . . . fl oor waste . . . . AR AW AP AT AB AL AC ASPH BLKT BC BWK BV CW CR CT CC CD CW C CORR CPD DPM DW D DG DH DP DF FB FC FCL FFL F FW
glass reinforced concrete . . . . glass reinforced plasti cs . . . . glazed eart henware . . . . granolit hic . . . . heater . . . . hot water unit . . . . li noleum . . . . nickel plated . . . . off- form concrete . . . . quarry til e . . . . rainwater head . . . . rainwater pipe . . . . reduced level . . . . refr igerator . . . . roll er shutter . . . . shower . . . . stainless steel . . . . standpipe . . . . terr a cotta . . . . terr azzo . . . . underside . . . . urinal . . . . vinyl . . . . wardrobe . . . . water closet . . . . weatherboard . . . . western red cedar . . . . window . . . . yard gully . . . . GRC GRP GEW GRANO HTR HW LINO NP OFC QT RWH RWP RL R RS SHR SS SP TC TRZO U/S U V WR WC WB WRC W YG COPYRIGHT
TABLE 2.4
GE NER AL ABBR EV IATION S —DECO DING
Abbreviati on Word(s) Abbreviati on Word(s)
AB . . . . AC . . . . AL . . . . AP . . . . AR . . . . ASPH . . . . AT . . . . AW . . . . BC . . . . BLKT . . . . BV . . . . BWK . . . . C . . . . CC . . . . CD . . . . CORR . . . . . CPD . . . . CR . . . . CT . . . . CW . . . . CW . . . . D . . . . DF . . . . DG . . . . DH . . . . DP . . . . DPM . . . . DW . . . . F . . . . FB . . . . FC . . . . FCL . . . . FFL . . . . FW . . . . air bri ck asbestos cement aluminium acoustic plaster acid-r esistant asphalt acoustic til e acid waste bookcase blanket brick veneer brickwork cooker chemical closet clothes drier corr ugated cupboard cement render ceramic til e cavity wall clothes washer door drinking fountain double glazing double hung down pipe damp-proof membrane dishwasher fi xed face bri ck fi brous cement fi nished ceili ng level fi nished floor level fl oor waste GEW . . . . GRANO . . . . GRC . . . . GRP . . . . HTR . . . . HW . . . . LINO . . . . NP . . . . OFC . . . . QT . . . . R . . . . RL . . . . RS . . . . RWH . . . . RWP . . . . SHR . . . . SS . . . . SP . . . . TC . . . . TRZO . . . . U . . . . U/S . . . . V . . . . W . . . . WB . . . . WC . . . . WR . . . . WRC . . . . YG . . . .
glazed eart henware granolit hic
glass reinforced concrete glass reinforced plasti cs heater
hot water unit li noleum nickel plated off- form concrete quarry til e refr igerator reduced level roll er shutter rainwater head rainwater pipe shower stainless steel standpipe terr a cotta terr azzo urinal underside vinyl window weatherboard water closet wardrobe
western red cedar yard gully
2.5 DE SIGNATION AN D COD ING OF SP ACE S AND CO MPO NEN TS.
2. 5.1 G eneral . Rooms or enclosed spaces, components, units of equipment and other items may be numbered to facilitate identification, both on drawings and on schedules.
2.5.2 Sequence of numbering. The numbering or
referencing should follow a logical sequence, the method adopted being dependent on the nature of the job. Generally, numbering should proceed clockwise.
2.5.3 Designation of levels. Where the use of
conventional terminology, e.g. basement, ground floor, first floor, etc., could be confusing, building levels should be numbered from the lowest level (Level 1) upwards.
2.5.4 Designation of rooms and spaces. A
numerical sequence starting with 1 should be used to designate rooms and other important spaces on each level. Sm all cupboards should not be given a separate number but be allocated the number of the room in which they are situated followed by an appropriate suffix.
Stairs, ducts, shafts, etc which are continuous through two or more levels should be given the same number on each level with an appropriate distinguishing name or letter prefix, e.g. Stair 3 or Stair S3.
In written documents the room or space reference can be identified by prefixing it with the level number on which it occurs, allowing sufficient digits for identification of all rooms and spaces. Thus, where there are between 10 and 99 rooms —
2.08 means level 2, room 8, (not level 20, room 8) 2.12 means level 2, room 12
10.01 means level 10, room 1.
2. 5.5 I dentif icati on of com ponent s. Where appropriate, suitable identification may be allocated to each class of component or item of equipment. The nomenclature adopted shall be clearly stated both on drawings and on schedules. Numbering within each class should be consecutive, starting from 1. Additionally, a type number or letter may be shown if this is desired. Numbering may start from 1 on each floor or may be consecutive for the whole building, as convenient.
When reference is made to a component or item of equipment other than on the plan on which it is shown, the appropriate level number should precede the reference, as for spaces (see Clause 2.5.4).
2.5.6 Identification of windows and doors.
Windows and doors should be cross-referenced to drawings or schedules as shown in Appendix A, item(e).
2.6 DRA WING SCA LES . Drawings should have a
minimum scale for joint details of 1:20, to allow for reduction of prints to half-size.
2.7 LAY OUT OF DR AWING SHE ETS. The layout of
drawing sheets should comply with the examples given in AS 1100, Part 101, except that additional widths of margins may be provided to allow for the binding or edging of drawings or for rough handling on site.
SECTION 3. INDICATION OF LEVELS AND GRADIENTS
3.1 EXP RES SION OF LEVE LS
3.1.1 General. Levels should be expressed to the
nearest multiple of 5 mm or 0.005 mm and the numerals for the required level should be enclosed in a drawn rectangular box. Where the level of an existing feature is to be varied, the existing level should be placed directly above the box containing the required level, thus:
Where there is a possibility that levels might be confused with other numerals on a drawing, e.g. room numbers, linear dimensions or grid references the use of the prefix RL (reduced level) or FFL (finished floor level), as applicable, is recommended, thus:
3.1.2 Levels on plan. There are three general
methods for the indication of levels on plan views, as follows:
(a) Job datum level. The job datum level is indicated by the symbol followed by the numerals for that level, thus:
The position of the job datum should be clearly marked on site plans together with a short description and its assumed level which should be such that all of the reduced levels specified for a given job will be positive numbers.
(b) Spot levels. Spot levels are used to indicate the required level for a specific point or limited area
and consist of the symbol + placed at the exact spot to which the level applies, followed by the numerals for the proposed and/or existing level, thus:
(c) Contour lines. Contour lines are used to indicate the slope and shape of the ground surface. They shall be drawn to pass through all points on the site having the same RLs. The RL represented is placed at the end of each line at the site boundary, or in the case of large sites may be placed at intermediate points in or on the line.
The type of line, in accordance with line designating letters given in AS 1100, Part 101, shall be as follows:
(i) For existing surface, to remain unchanged ...continuous thin, type B or C.
(ii) For existing surface, to be changed...dashed thin, type E.
(iii) For required finished surface....continuous thin, type B or C.
NOTE: In engineering survey drawing, ‘height’ is used instead of ‘level’ (See Clause 1.4.2.)
3.1.3 Levels on section or elevation. Levels, existing
or proposed, should be projected clear of the detail by means of an extension line and indicated as shown in Fig. 3.1. A box is not required when a level is written on such a line drawn in elevation.
3.2 EXP RES SION OF GRA DIENT. For the specification of vertical angles which are capable of being established on-site by means of simple measuring devices, the gradient (slope, pitch, fall or incline) of surfaces, such as roofs, gutters, ramps, etc. should be expressed in the form of a numerical ration Y:X, where Y is the vertical dimension and X is the horizontal dimension of a right-angled triangle the hypotenuse of which is the slope (see Fig. 3.2).
For convention, the vertical dimension will always form the first part of the ratio.
Thus for gradients flatter than 1:1, the first number will be unity e.g. 1:20, and for gradients steeper than 1:1, the second number will be unity e.g. 5:1.
The use of angular measurement for slopes in degrees or radians is still acceptable in certain cases where a higher degree of accuracy is required.
3.3 ORIENTATION OF PLANS . A north point should
appear on every plan. Wherever practicable, all plans, including the site plan, should be drawn with the same orientation. The site location plan should be drawn with the north at the top of the sheet irrespective of the orientation of the other plans.
Fig. 3.2. THE GR AD IENT OF A SLOP E
SECTION 4. ARCHITECTURAL CONVENTIONS
4.1 WINDOWS. 4.1.1 Elevations.
4.1.1.1 Side Hinged. Where a window is hinged along one edge, the opening/closing edge shall be shown at the point of an indication trangle, as shown in Fig. 4.1.
Fig. 4.1. RIGHT-SIDE HINGE D WINDO W
4.1.1.2 Pivoted. Where a window is pivoted, the pivot points shall be indicated by lines through the points of the indication diamond, as shown in Fig. 4.2.
Fig. 4.2 WINDO W PIVO TS
4.1.1.3 Top or bottom hinged. Where a window is hinged at the top or bottom, the opening/closing edge shall be shown at the point of an indication triangle, as shown in Fig. 4.3.
Fig. 4.3 TOP AN D BOTTOM HINGE D WINDO WS
4.1.1.4 Sliding. A sliding sash shall be indicated by an arrow drawn on it pointing in the direction of opening, e.g. as shown in Fig. 4.4.
Fig. 4.4. SLIDING SA SH ES
4.1.2 Plan. A window in plan view shall be indicated
as shown in Fig. 4.5.
Fig. 4.5. WINDO W IN PLAN VIEW
4.2 DOO RS.
4.2.1 Elevation. To indicate the hinging and opening
of doors in elevation, the opening/closing edge of the door shall be shown at the point of an indication triangle, as shown in Fig 4.6.
NOTE: Need not be shown if covered on larger-scale drawings.
Fig. 4.6 HINGE D DOORS
4.2.2 Plan.
4.2.2.1 Single-swing. Single-swing doors shall be indicated in plan in accordance with the conventions illustrated in Fig. 4.7, as appropriate.
4.2.2.2 Double-acting. Double-acting doors shall be indicated in accordance with the conventions illustrated in Fig. 4.8, as appropriate.
Fig. 4.8. DOU BLE-AC TING DO OR S
4.2.2.3 In-and-out. In-and-out doors shall be indicated in accordance with the conventions illustrated in Fig. 4.9, as appropriate.
Fig. 4.9. IN-AN -OUT DO OR S
4.2.2.4 Sliding. Sliding doors shall be indicated in accordance with the conventions illustrated in Fig. 4.10, as appropriate.
Fig. 4.10. SLIDING DOO RS
4.2.2.5 Vertically opening doors. Doors opening vertically shall be indicated in accordance with the convention illustrated in Fig. 4.11. The dashed line indicates the door.
Fig. 4.11 VER TICA LLY OP EN ING DO OR
4.2.2.6 Folding doors and partitions. Folding doors and partitions shall be indicated in accordance with the conventions illustrated in Fig. 4.12, as appropriate.
Fig. 4.12. FOLDING DO OR S AND PAR TITION S
Fig. 4.12. (continued )
4.3 MISCELLANEO US CONV EN TIONS.
4.3.1 Indication of rise. On stairs, ramps and escalators, an arrow shall indicate the direction of rise and the top of the flight. No further labelling of the arrow should be necessary. This convention is followed in Figs 4.13, 4.14 and 4.15.
4.3.2 Ramps. Ramps shall be indicated in accordance
with the convention illustrated in Fig. 4.13. The arrow shall comply with Clause 4.3.1.
Fig. 4.13. RAM P
4.3.3 Stairs. Stairs shall be indicated in accordance
with the convention illustrated in Fig. 4.14. The actual number of risers from floor to floor should be shown, except where a break-line crosses the flight. The arrow shall comply with Clause 4.3.1.
NOTE: This figure shows one full fl ight of stairs, and part s of the fli ghts above and below it .
Fig. 4.14. STAIRS
4.3.4 Escalators. Escalators shall be indicated in
accordance with the convention illustrated in Fig. 4.15. The arrow shall comply with Clause 4.3.1.
Fig. 4.15. ESC ALATOR
4.3.5 Lifts. Lifts shall be indicated in accordance with
the convention illustrated in Fig. 4.16.
Fig. 4.16. LIFT
4.3.6 Indication of fall. Where an arrow is used to
indicate direction of fall, the arrow shall be clearly labelled with the word ‘FALL’ to avoid confusion with the convention described in Clause 4.3.1 (see Fig. 4.17).
4.3.7 Surface slope. Surface slope is usually used to
indicate floor conditions but can also apply to roofs or other sloping surfaces in plan. Arrows are sometimes required to indicate direction of slope and shall be used in accordance with Clauses 4.3.1 and 4.3.6 (see Fig. 4.17).
Fig. 4.17.
FLOO R SLOPE SH OWN WITH FLOO R DR AIN
4.3.8 Outline above plane of section. To indicate an
outline above the plane of section, either of the following may be used (see Figs 4.18, 4.19(b), 4.20(b) and (c) and 4.2.1(d).):
(a) A thin dashed line, labelled ‘OV ER ’ to avoid confusion with outlines below the plane of section hidden by intervening objects; or
(b) A thin chain line, designating letter G, in accordance with AS 1100 Part 101.
4.3.9 Archways. Archways shall be indicated in accordance with either of the conventions illustrated in Fig. 4.18.
4.3.10 Openings through walls or partitions.
Openings through walls or partitions shall be indicated in accordance with the conventions illustrated in Fig. 4.19, as appropriate.
Fig. 4.19.
OP EN INGS THRO UG H WA LLS OR PAR TITION S
4.3.11 Openings in plan. All openings in plan shall
be identified. (For examples, see Fig. 4.20.)
Fig. 4.20. EXA MP LES OF OPE NING S IN PLAN
4.3.12 Furniture and fittings. Furniture and fitting
shall be indicated in accordance with the conventions illustrated in Fig. 4.21, as appropriate.
Fig. 4.21. FUR NITURE AN D FITTING S
4.3.13 Piping, ducting and mechanical services.
For graphical symbols for piping, ducting and mechanical services in buildings, see AS 1101, Part 5.
4.3.14 Power supply systems, security systems and electrical services. For location symbols for
power supply systems, security systems and electrical services, see AS 1102, Part 8.
SECTION 5. REPRESENTATION OF MATERIALS
5.1 HATCHING . Hatching or symbolic representation
of material as shown herein may not always be necessary and at smaller scales may be impossible. Hatching is time-consuming and need only be used where confusion could otherwise exist.
When hatching is used, it shall be in accordance with Table 5.1.
Where new work and existing work are shown side by side on a drawing, the new work shall be clearly identified. The existing work may be either shaded or drawn with thin lines, as appropriate.
5.2 CO LOU RING. When colouring is used to assist in
the identification of materials, it should be in accordance with Table 5.1.
TABLE 5.1
TABLE 5.1 (continued)
AP PE ND IX A
CONVENTIONS FOR CROSS-REFERENCING OF DRAWINGS
The following conventions for cross-referencing are recomm ended:
AP PE ND IX B
DIMENSIONING BY COORDINATES AND USE OF GRIDS
B1 DIME NSION ING BY CO OR DINATES. Dimensioning by coordinates can be used
where a building or structure is so set out that the faces or centrelines of its elements coincide with, or can be related to, the intersection points and lines of a regularly spaced three-dimensional grid. The elements can be located and dimensioned in relation to a point of origin by a system of Cartesian coordinates. Care should be taken that the origin is external to the space occupied by the site or structure and can be physically established. Only points on the positive sides of the x, y and z axes should be used. In this system, the coordinates of a point on plan view shall be indicated by the relevant figures (in x, y sequence) enclosed in brackets and placed at the right hand side of the point to which they refer. The height of a point on elevational views, i.e. on the z axis, should be shown by means of a horizontal grid line, terminating with a circle and the grid reference height above the point of origin prefixed by the letter ‘z’.
B2 USE OF GRIDS.
B2.1 General. A network of lines or planes may be used for reference on a drawing or
on a site. Its use may be for sheet reference only or for actual setting-out of the work on the site.
Grids usually consist of straight lines at set distances apart. They can vary from linear to three-dimensional reference.
B2.2 Types of grid.
B2.2.1 Types . The types of grid are as follows: (a) Sheet reference grid.
(b) Planning grid. (c) Structural grid. (d) Reference grid. (e) Modular grid.
B2.2.2 Sheet reference grid. See AS 1100, Part 101, Clause 2.4.4.
B2.2.3 Planning grid. The use of a grid for layout and planning is often an advantage, especially where prefabricated sections form a repeated module. Such a grid is termed a planning grid.
B2.2.4 Structural grid. A grid used for locating structures is termed a structural grid. Planning and structural grids should be related to preferred dimensions where possible. They need not necessarily be to the same module, or even be increments of each other in a simple mathematical relationship.
The grid should be drawn on the most stable paper or plastics sheet available so that when it is used as an underlay successive floor plans or levels can be accurately drawn. Generally, grid lines pass through column centres both ways except where the column, duct or lift shaft face is critical in which case the grid line may coincide with that face. The grid plan is usually determined at the lowest level and any changes in column locations at upper levels are shown on it. The grid plan dimensions become the basis for all other work on the drawing.
The grid is repeated on all subsequent drawings (with any necessary adjustment of scale) and forms the base to which all plan dimensions are related.
B2.2.5 Reference grid. A grid intended for reference only may be to any selected dimension and the lines need not necessarily be equally spaced. They can be regular or tartan pattern, to suit the function required.
B2.2.6 Modular grid. Where a method of building using a module is adopted, a two-dimensional or three-dimensional grid based on the module may be used to combine the functions of planning, structural and reference grids.
When the basic module of 100 mm is adopted, a grid showing each module is recomm ended for assembly drawings and a grid showing multi-modules of 300 mm or 600 mm for general location drawings.
B2.3 Grid notation. Different methods of grid notation have existed in the past.
The method used should be consistent throughout a project. Either of the following methods is recomm ended:
(a) When completely defining the location of points by their distance from the origin in three dimensions . . . x, y, z coordinates. (b) When using a two-dimensional structural grid (see AS 1100, Part 501) . . . letters for lines running down the sheet and numbers for lines running across the sheet.
