-l
L
L
I
Adj. Adv. BE dem. f Gen. indekl. Komp. Konj. Mod. v. m n (german column) n (engl. column)
F!
PI. Pron. Prap. sg. V Vh. V/refl. v/t. E P . Adjektiv Adverb brit. Englisch demonstrativ feminin Genitiv indeklinabel Komparation Konjunktion Modalverb maskulin neutrum Nomen Person Plu'ral Pronomen Praposition Singular Verb intransitives Verb reflexives Verb transitives Verb rezi pro k adjective adverb British English demonstrative feminin genitive indeclinable comparition conjunction modal verb masculine neuter noun person plural pronoun preposition singular verb intransitive verb reflexive Verb transitive verb reciprocalPronunciation
see p. 419LANGENSCHEIDT
Basic
German
Vocabulary
A Learner’s Dictionary
divided into subject categories
with example sentences
Edited by the German as a Foreign Language Department
LANGENSCHEIDT
The spelling in Basic German Vocabulary corresponds to the Orthography Reform of 1998.
0 1991 Langenscheidt KG, Berlin and Munich
All rights reserved. No part of this material may be reproduced in any form without the permission of the publishers.
Contents
Who needs a “Basic Vocabulary”?
...
Why a “Basic Vocabulary”?...
Why a bilingual “Basic Vocabulary”?...
How is the “Basic Vocabulary” arranged?...
How to work with the “Basic Vocabulary”?...
Topical Concepts
Whythesewords?
...
“Langenscheidt’s Basic German Vocabulary” and “Workbook”. . .
Notes...
VII VII VII Vlll Vlll IX X XI I 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.83
3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.1 1The Human Being
...
1TheBody
...
1Appearance
...
5MindandReason
...
7Character
...
12Pleasant and Neutral Emotions
...
15Health and Illness (See also: Doctor and Hospital 5.9).
. . .
23Negative Emotions
...
18LifeandDeath
...
26Actions and Activities
...
30The Senses and Body Functions
...
30Hygiene and Cleanliness
...
34Doing
...
37Movement and Rest
...
43Moving of Objects and Beings
...
49GivingandTaking
...
51Handling Objects and Beings
...
55(See also: School and Education 8.4).
. . .
76 Learning and KnowledgeLanguage and Speech Intentions
. . .
Writing and Reading
...
Expressing Opinions...
Acceptance and Rejection...
Certainity and Doubt...
Positive Evaluation and Neutrality...
Negative Evaluation...
Wish. Request. Order...
General...
Speech...
Information...
Courtesy Formulas. Exclamations. Conversational Fillers
. .
.
85.
85.
87.
91.
93.
96.
100.
105.
112.
118.
120.
124SocialTies
...
134Professions
...
135Social Position
...
140Positive and Neutral Social Behavior
. . .
140Negative Social Behavior
...
145Contacts and Events
...
147Fate and Coincidence
...
151Every Day Life
...
155HouseandApartment
...
155Furnishings
...
160Bask Commodities
...
163Clothing and Jewelry
...
168Meals, Restaurant
...
173Groceries. Food
...
176Fruits and Vegetables
...
181Drinking and Smoking
...
183DoctorandHospital
...
186 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.96
6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 7 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 8 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Business and Administration...
190General
...
190 Storesandshopping...
191 MoneyandProperty...
201 Work...
207 Postoffice. Telephone...
215 Authorities. Police...
219 Law...
222The Arts and Fields of Interest
...
229Theater. Film. FineArts
...
229Music
. . .
234Media
...
236Leisure Activities
...
239Sports
...
241Public Life
...
245Government and Politics
...
245Warand Peace
...
255Church and Religion
...
260v
9 Environment...
269 9.1 City.Town. Village...
269 9.2 Landscape...
271 9.3 Nature: General...
274 9.4 Animals...
279 9.5 Plants...
2839.6 Weather and Climate
...
28410 Technology and Materials
...
28810.1 Technology
...
28810.2 Materials
...
29211 Travel and Traffic
...
29611.1 Travel
...
2961 1.2 Street Traff ic
...
30111.3 Vehicles
...
30411.4 Rail. Plane. Ship
...
30812 Countries and People
...
31112.1 Geographical Names
...
31212.2 Nationalities. Inhabitants. Languages
. . .
313General Concepts
13 Time...
31613.1 Division of the Year
...
31613.2 The Names of the Months
...
31813.3 Weekdays
...
31813.4 TimesofDay
. . .
31913.5 ClockTime
...
32013.6 Other Concepts of Time
...
32113.6.1 Nouns
...
321 13.6.2 Verbs...
323 13.6.3 Adjectives...
326 13.6.4 Adverbs...
328 13.6.5 Prepositions...
333 13.5.6 Conjunctions...
334 14 Spatial Concepts...
335 14.1 Nouns...
335 14.2 Adjectives...
338 14.3 Adverbs...
340 14.4 Prepositions...
34615 15.1 15.2 15.3 16 16.1 16.2 17 17.1 17.2 18 19 20 21
Quantity and Measure
...
348Concepts of Quantity
...
348Cardinal Numbers
...
354Measurements and Weights
...
355Order and Reference
...
358Order, Division
...
358Ordinal Numbers
...
366Ways and Methods, Comparison
. . .
368WaysandMethods
...
368Degree. Comparison
...
369Colors
...
374Forms
...
375Cause and Effect
...
377Condition and Change
...
381Structure Words
22 Pronouns...
383 22.1 Personal Pronouns...
383 22.2 Reflexive Pronouns...
382 22.3 Possessive Adjectives...
387 22.4 Demonstrative Adjectives...
38722.5 Question Pronouns, Relative Pronouns
. . .
38822.6 Indefinite Pronouns
...
38923 Conjunctions
...
39124 Adverbs
...
394Index
...
396VII
Who
needs a “Basic Vocabulary”?
Any student learning a foreign language must master a certain vocabulary base before he or she can communicate or read in that language. Acquisition of that base vocabulary requires study, often outside of the classroom setting.
Langenscheidt’s Basic German Vocabulary is designed to facilitate the acquisition of that core vocabulary in the easiest and most efficient manner possible. It is meant for use by beginning learners with no previous knowledge of the German language, by more advanced students as a review and for test preparation, and by anyone as preparation for pleasure or business travel into a German-speaking country.
Those who have successfully worked through Langenscheidt’s Basic German Vocabulary will have the necessary knowledge to function and communicate in all everyday situations in German.
Why
a “Basic Vocabulary”?
The German Language, like any other language, is comprised of millions of words, yet 50
Y
O of normal spoken and written texts are comprised of only 66 words. Students rightfully ask, which words do I have to learn in order to carry on an everyday conversation or read a text written for the average German speaker?The magic answer is usually 2,000 words, i.e., a student who has master- ed the basic 2,000 core vocabulary words has learned the most important words used in 80% of all written and oral communication.
Langenscheidt’s “Basic German Vocabulary” contains two times 2,000 words.The core 2,000 words are followed by a second group of the 2,000 next most frequently used words which comprise afurther 5 YO-10
YO
of allwritten and oral communication.
The division of the thematically-organized entries into two groups,
“1 -2,000” and “2,001 -4,000”, identifies for the learner those words which should be learned immediately and those which can be reserved for second level learning. Once they have mastered the first 2,000 words, students have the option of increasing their vocabulary over a wide subject range, or concentrating on specific areas of interest, such as law, economics, etc.
Why
a bilingual “Basic Vocabulary”?
The use of the target language to teach the language is the norm in most programs today. Usually a new word is explained in simple German and illustrated with practical examples.
The practical teaching situation, however, requires flexibility in using the native language, especially when difficult concepts need to be clarified.
Therefore, many monolingual textbooks have bilingual vocabulary lists or glossaries.
Because it is meant to be used independently by the learner to study and review outside class, a text like the Basic Vocabulary must be 100% bilingual. It is not meant to, and should not, replace a regular German- English/English-German dictionary where a learner can find many more words and definitions, nor a comprehensive grammar text. The Basic Vocabulary is only meant to serve as a supplement for study and learning.
Why these words?
Langenscheidt’s Basic Vocabulary selects the most important words for a student to learn and use. The Basic Vocabulary is based on evaluation of numerous lists of basic German vocabulary published in Germany, Aus- tria, Switzerland and other countries. All the important sources of informa- tion on word frequency in written and spoken German were considered. An exact source list would go beyond the purpose of this introduction. For those interested, we mention here the vocabulary statistics of Kaeding, Meier, Ortmann, the Mannheimer Korpus 1 and 2, the Bonner Zeitungs- korpus and the minimum vocabulary lists prepared by the Council of Europe, vocabulary for the “Zertifikat Deutsch als Fremdsprache” (Certifi- cate of German as a Foreign Language), the “Deutscher Volkshochschul- verband” (German Adult Education Association) and the Goethe Institute. The choice of words was not based only on frequency. Factors such as how familiar and useful a word is in everyday conversation were also considered. Langenscheidt’s experience in producing dictionaries and teaching materials also helped. The critical choice of example sentences was made by native speakers on an outside of our regular staff.
How
is the “Basic Vocaljulary” arranged?
Words and expressions in Langenscheidt‘s Basic Vocabulary German are arranged by topic, not simply in alphabetical order. Educational research indicates that trying to learn words alphabetically is not effective. Similari- ties in orthography lead to confusion and spelling errors. Most impor- tantly, words are very difficult to learn without context and topic. Alphabe- tical arrangement can become an obstacle to correct use in a specific thematic situation. Learning basic words in subject areas is easier and more effective. The contextual relationships among words and the physi- cal proximity of words on the page encourage the development of associations in memory. For all these reasons, we emphasize learning in subject areas.
IX
In addition to the thematic presentation, all entries are presented contex- tually, i.e., sample sentences accompany each basic word and its pronun- ciation. The presentation of the basic word in sentences is important because the learner sees the word used correctly.The danger of using the word later in the wrong context will disappear. Example sentences often can be used word-for-word because they are taken from common every- day speech an represent frequently used idiomatic expressions. In the Workbook to the Basic Vocabulary there are further examples of usage. In each of the sample sentences, care has been taken so that the vocabulary used, as far as possible, does not include any words beyond those found in the basic vocabulary.
“Langenscheidt’s Basic German Vocabulary”
and “Workbook”
The Workbook accompanies the Basic Vocabulary. It is left up to the learner whether to study only with the Basic Vocabulary or to do further exercices for vocabulary building. For a quick and certain expansion of the vocabulary, we recommend the use of the workbook as well as the text. Systematic work with the two volumes creates a certain confidence in vocabulary building which helps the acquisition of new words.
Although gender information and irregular verb forms are given next to the basic word, the text and Workbook are not meant to replace, but rather supplement, the use of a dictionary and grammar book.
In some cases a word has various meanings which are clarified in the sample sentences.
For example:
FuOball
rfu:sbal] m, -(e)s, kein PI. FuBball ist bei uns die beliebteste Sportart.football, soccer n
Football is the most popular sport in our country. (footballas a game)
but
FuOball
m, -(e)s, FuBballe football, soccer ball n (football as an object)Die FuBballe sind aus Leder. Footballs are made of leather.
Naturally a vocabulary list cannot present all the meanings and uses of a word in all circumstances. For example, there are seldom-used forms of verbs that learners will not find here because they are not necessary for acquiring a basic knowledge of the language. There are also very few technical words included; only the common meanings of words are given.
compound words so common in German. But a solid knowledge of basic vocabulary should enable a learner to understand and build a wider vocabulary of compound words.
How to Work with the “Basic Vocabulary”?
Here are nine suggestions for working with the material:
1. Learn the words in the “1-2,000’’ group first. Do those in the “2,001 -4,000” group later.
2. Take advantage of the arrangement by subject area. Don’t work on a page-by-page basis, but try to cover one topic at a time (e.g., “Money”). The words of a subject area contain associations which aid memorization. Use the designations of subject areas as learning aids.
3. Work through the individual categories one by one, first covering those whose topics most appeal to you. Always review each category already covered after working on a new category.
4. Set up your own learning system. Learn the amount of material that best suits you. Read an item (the main word in bold print with its example sentences) and memorize the category the word belongs in. Go through eight to ten words this way. Then cover the left column and repeat aloud the covered words. If you wish, also read aloud the sample sentence. Check your progress by uncovering the left column. Work through your “set” this way. Make a mark in the left margin next to the words you haven’t memorized yet and work on just those words. For the final check of each “set”, speak and write every word again.
5. Vary your study habits: Cover the right column instead of the left, and work as described in suggestion 4 above. Only learn the example senten- ces that help fix the meaning of the words in your memory.
6. You can also take an individual word that you have had to look up in an alphabetical list, put it in a category, and learn it in a meaningful context.
Z
Every day learn a specific amount, taking breaks in between each session. In a few weeks you will have systematically learned a core vocabulary; the actual amount of vocabulary items depends on you. Don’t forget to repeat and test yourself at regular intervals.XI
8. Langenscheidt’s Basic Vocabulary German is independent of specific textbooks. It is suitable, however, for reviewing the vocabulary learned in a course, in order to: a) prepare the appropriate vocabulary before free communication exercises or going through certain reading texts; b) work on vocabulary areas after working through a specific text whose various parts include this word field; c) develop and expand from a single word to a complete vocabulary category.
You can also arrange the topics and word families according to the material you have just learned in the chapters of the textbook.
9. Langenscheidt’s Basic Vocabulary German and its Workbook have a very practical format.
You
can learn anywhere, whenever you have time. For example, why not review the chapter “Traffic” in the bus going to or from work? Good luck and have fun!Notes:
For regular nouns, the pronunciation, the gender, the genitive and nomi- native plural forms are provided after the basic word. Only irregular forms of the plural are spelled out.
For example:
Ball [ball m, -s, Balle
For verbs, three forms: present infinitive, first person singular of the imperfect, and third person singular with haben or sein, are presented. After that come the various possibilities for using it in transitive or reflexive forms. There are also examples of common prepositions used with it. For example:
~ _ _ _ _ _ ~
anmelden [‘anmeld(a)n] VA., ref/.,
i Rap. (fur) meldete an, hat an-
gemeldet
Das Auto wird morgen ange- The car will be registered to-
meldet. morrow.
Ich habe mich fur die Prufung an- gemeldet.
register, sign up for v
Not all the possibilities of using averb are included, just the most frequent. ( ) in the phonetic script indicate that particular pronunciation is optional. For adjectives, the comparative forms are given only if they vary from normal formation.
For example:
______
gut [gu:t] A@., besser, am besten good, well
Er ist ein guter Handwerker. E s aeht mir aut.
He is good with his hands. I’m doina well.
If a main word appears twice, the example meanings and/or the gramma- tical differences will clarify matters.
For example:
abgeben [‘apge:b(a)n] V/t., i turn in, hand in v Rap. (an, bei, in) gab ab, hat ab-
gegeben
Bitte geben Sie den Brief an der
Rezeption ab. reception desk.
Kannst du mir von den Broten
eines abgeben? wiches/loaves of bread?
Please hand in the letter at the
abgeben V X , i Rap. (von) give v
Can you give me one of the sand-
Since most adjectives in German can be used as adverbs, no distinction is made in English between adjectives and adverbs, even for those words that are “pure” adverbs.
wirklich [‘virkli~] A@., keine real, true Komp.
Ein wirklicher Freund hatte dir in dieser Situation geholfen.
Hast du wirklich geglaubt, dass sie dir alles erzahlt hat?
A real friend would have helped you in this situation.
Did you really believe that she told you everything?
I
Themenbezogene Begriffe
I
1
I I
Topical Concepts
11
Der Mensch
1
1
.I
Korper
1
The Human Being
1.1
The Body
Arm [arm] rn, -(e)s, -e arm n
Ich habe beim Sport meinen rech-
ten Arm verletzt. sing.
eye n
Meine Schwester und ich haben
I hurt my right arm while exerci-
Auge [‘auga] n, -s, -n
My sister and I have brown eyes. braune Augen.
Er schlaft am liebsten auf dem
Bauch. mach.
Kannst du lange auf einem Bein
stehen? long time?
Blut [blu:t] n, -(e)s, kein PI.
Ich mag kein Blut sehen.
Brust [brust]
t
-, keinPI.
Reiben Sie Brust und Rucken mit
dieser Salbe ein! back.
Das Baby trinkt Milch an der Brust
der Mutter. ther’s breast.
Sie tragt an jedem Finger einen Rina.
Bauch [baux] rn, -(e)s, Bauche stomach n
He prefers to sleep on his sto-
Bein [bain] n, -(e)s, -e leg n
Can you stand on one leg for a
blood n
chest n
I can’t stand the sight of blood. Rub this salve on your chest and
Brust
t
-, Bruste breast nThe baby drinks milk from its mo-
Finger [woay rn, -s, - finger n
She wears a ring on each finger.
Fun [fu:s] rn, -es, FuOe foot n
Nach dem Spaziergang hatte sie kalte MOe.
face n
Es war dunkel. Ich konnte ihr Ge- It was dark. I couldn’t see her
sicht nicht sehen. face.
After the walk her feet were cold.
Haar [ha:*] n, -(e)s, -e hair n
Bald hat er keine Haare mehr auf
dem KoDf. on his head.
Soon he won’t have any more hair
Hals [hals] m, -es, Hake
Hand [hant] f -, Hande
neck n
hand n
Sie hat einen langen Hals. Sie gingen Hand in Hand spa- zieren.
Seine Haut ist immer aanz rot.
She has a long neck.
They were walking hand in hand.
Haut [haut] f -, kein PI. skin n
His skin is alwavs verv red.
Hem [herts] n, -ens, -en heart n
Mein Hew schlagt manchmal un-
regelmaflig. gular.
knee n
Ich habe den ganzen Tag auf den Knien am Boden gearbeitet. Hatte er einen Hut auf dem Kopf?
Sie hat einen durchtrainierten Her body is in good shape. Korper.
Bitte hake den Mund und sei still!
Sometimes my heartbeat is irre-
Knie [kni:] n, -s, -
I spent all day on my knees wor- king on the floor.
Did he have a hat on his head?
Kopf [kz~pf] m, -(e)s, Kopfe
Korper [‘kcerpa*l m, -s,
-
head n body n
Mund [munt] m, -es, Munder mouth n
Please shut your mouth and keep auiet!
~
Nase [na:za] f -, -n nose n
Deine Nase ist rot. Hast du Your nose is red. Do you have a
Schnupfen? cold?
Sie halt sich die Ohren zu. She covers her ears (so she
Ohr [o:a*] n, -(e)s, -en ear n
doesn’t have to listen). He has a crooked back.
Rucken [‘ryk(a)n] m, -s, -
schwach [Jvax] Adj., schwacher, weak back n
Er hat einen schiefen Rucken. am schwachsten
Nach der Krankheit fuhlte sie sich
noch lange schwach. long time.
1
The Human Being
stark [park] A d j , starker, am strong
starksten
Furdiese Arbeit bist du nicht stark
genug. work.
Meine Zahne sind alle gesund. Der Arzt sagt: ,,Zeigen Sie mir bit- te lhre Zunge!“
Sein Atem geht schwer und unre-
gelmaBig. gular.
atmen [‘a:tman] W., atmete, hat geatmet
Sie atmet ganz leise. Sicher ist sie
eingeschlafen. must have fallen asleep.
Unser Kind hat dicke, rote Our child has chubby red cheeks. Backen.
Weil er keine Hand frei hatte, off- nete er die Tur mit dem Ellboaen.
You’re not strong enough for this
Zahn [tsa:n] rn, -(e)s, Zahne
Zunge [‘tsuqa] f -, -n
tooth n
tongue n
All my teeth are healthy. The doctor says, “Please show
me your tongue!“
breathing, breath n
His breathing is difficult and irre-
Atem [‘a:tam] rn, -s, kein
PI.
breathe v
She’s breathing very softly. She
Backe [‘baka]
I
-, -n cheek nEllbogen [~lbo:g(a)n] rn, -s, - elbow n
He didn’t have a free hand so he opened the door with his elbow.
Faust [faust] -, Fauste fist
n
Sie schlug mit der Faust auf den
Tisch. fist.
Hoffentlich ist das Gehirn nicht verletzt.
Ich kann mein Handgelenk nicht bewegen.
She banged on the table with her
Gehirn [ga’hirn]
n,
-s, -e brain nWe hope the brain is not injured.
Gelenk [ga’lqk]
n,
-(e)s, -e jointn
I can’t move my wrist.
Handgelenk wrist
n
FuOgelenk [FuRknochel] ankle n
Kinn [kin] n, -(e)-s, kein PI. chin n
Sie hat ein spitzes Kinn.
Knochen [‘kn~x(a)n] rn, -s, - bone
n
Der Knochen ist gebrochen.
She has a pointed chin. The bone is broken.
Leib [laip] m, -(e)s, -er body n
Sie hat am ganzen Leib rote She has red spots all over her
Flecken. bodv.
(Augen-)Lid [li:t]
n,
-(e)s, -er Das rechte Augenlid tut weh.Lippe [‘lipa] f -, -n
Komm aus dem Wasser! Du hast schon ganz blaue Lippen. Hor auf mit dem Rauchen! Deine Lunge ist bestimmt schon ganz schwarz.
Lunge [‘luga] f -, -n
(eye)lid
n
lip
n
The right eyelid is sore.
Get out of the water! Your lips are all blue.
Stop smoking! Your lungs must be all black by now.
lung n
Magen [‘rna:g(a)n]m,-s,Magen Ich kann nicht vie1 essen. Mein Magen ist nicht in Ordnung.
Muskel [‘musk(a)l] m, -s, -n Er hat starke Muskeln.
Nerv [nerf] m, -s, -en
Gott sei Dank hat der Zahnarzt beim Bohren keinen Nerv ge- troffen.
stomach
n
I can’t eat much. I’m having pro-
blems with my stomach. He has strong muscles.
Thank God the dentist didn’t hit a nerve while he was drilling!
muscle
n
nerve n
Schulter [‘Julta*] f -, -n
SchweiO [Jvais] m, -es, kein
PI.
Stirn [jtirn] f -, -en
shoulder n
sweat n
forehead n
Das Kind saO auf ihren Schultern. The child sat on her shoulders. Der SchweiO lief ihr von der Stirn. Her face was dripping with sweat. Das Kind hat kein Fieber. Die Stirn The child doesn’t have a fever.
ist aanz kalt. His forehead is cool.
Zeh [tse:] m, -s, -en
Zehe [‘tse:a] f -, -n
toe
n
toe nIch bin mit den Zehen gegen ein Tischbein gestoOen.
1 Der Mensch
1
The Human Being
5
1
1.2 Aussehen
1 1
1-2000
I I 1
1.2
Appearance
aussehen [‘ausze:(a)n] Vh.,
+
appear, look (like) vPrip. (wie), sah aus, hat ausge-
sehen
Sie ist erst 17, aber sie sieht aus
wie 20. 20.
Findest du mich zu dick? Warum bist du denn so dunn? groOten
Ich bin grol3er als mein Mann. Das Kleid sieht hubsch aus. Ich habe sehr kleine FuOe. Er ist groO und schlank.
She is only 17, but she looks (like)
dick [dik] Adj. fat, thick
dunn [dyn] Adj. thin
grot3 [gro:s] Adj., groBer, am big, large, great, tall
Do you think I’m too fat? Why are you so thin anyway?
I am taller than my husband.
The dress looks pretty. I have very small feet. He is tall and slender. She has beautiful eyes.
hubsch [hypJ] Adj., -er, am -esten
klein [klain] Adj. small, little
schlank [Jlagk] Adj.
schon [jmn] Adj. beautiful
Sie hat schone Augen.
pretty
s I e n d e r
abnehmen [‘apne:man] Vh., take off, lose weight v
nahm ab, hat abgenommen
Er hat uber 10 Pfund abge- HelostoverlOpounds. nommen.
Dein Bart muss geschnitten Your beard has to be trimmed. werden.
blass [blas] A@.., -er, am -esten pale
Er erschrak sich und wurde blass. He was frightened and turned Dale.
blond [blmt] Adj., -er, am -esten blond
Als Kind war ich blond. When I was a child I was blond.
Brille [‘brila] [ -, -n (pair of) glasses n
Die Brille brauche ich nur zum
Lesen. ding.
elegant [ele’gant]
AH.,
-er, am -estenDas Kleid ist zu elegant fur diese Partv. Zieh lieber eine Jeans an!
I only need my glasses for rea-
elegant
The dress is too elegant for this Dartv. Put ieans on instead.
Figur [fi’gu:ar f -, kein PI.
Sie hat eine tole Figur.
Frisur [fri’zu:ar [ -, -en Die neue Frisur steht dir gut. Er hat ein hassliches Gesicht.
figure n hair style n
She has a great figure. Your new hair style looks good. He has an ualv face.
hasslich rh~sliq] Adj. ugly
Locke [‘bka] f -, -n
o
Hater Locken?Nein, seine Haare sind ganz
curl n
o Does he have curly hair [curls]? No, his hair is straight. glatt.
mager [‘ma:ga*] Adj.
Seit ihrer schweren Krankheit ist sie sehr mager.
Sie ist ein zartes Kind. Sie hat eine zarte Haut.
zart [tsa:a*t] Adj., -er, am -esten
zunehmen [‘tsu:ne:man] VL.,
nahm zu, hat zugenommen o Hast du zugenommen?
Ja, drei Kilo.
thin, gaunt, skinny
Since her severe illness she has become very thin.
She is a delicate child. She has soft skin.
delicate, tender
put on, gain weight v
o “Have you put on weight?” Yes, three kilos.
11
Der Mensch
I
7
I I
1
The Human Being
1
1.3
Geist
und Verstand
1-
I I 1 I
1.3 Mind and Reason
aufpassen ['aufpas(a)n] VA.,
+
look out (for) vPrap. (auf), passte auf, hat aufge- passt
Pass auf! Von links kommt ein left.
Look out! Acar is coming from the
~
bewusst [ba'vust] A@., -er, am -esten
Es ist ihm bewusst, dass er fur seinen Fehler die Verantwortung
ubernehmen muss. take.
denken ['degk(a)n] VAL
+
Pr@.(uber, von, an), dachte, hat ge- dacht
Bei dieser Arbeit muss man nicht
vie1 denken. think much.
Denken Sie an den Termin urn 20.00 Uhr?
Was denkst du uber den Vor-
schlag? tion?
erfahren [~a*'fa:r(a)n] VA.,
+
hear vRap. (von, uber), erfuhr, hat er-
fahren
Hast du von Eva etwas Neues Have you heard anything new
erfahren? from Eva?
aware
He is aware of the fact that he has to take responsibility for his mis-
think v
For this work you don't have to You will think of the appointment at 8:OO pm., won't you? What do you think of the sugges-
Erfahrung [~a*'fa:rug] f -, -en experience n
Er ist ein guter Atzt. Er hat vie1
Erfahrung. lot of experience.
erinnern [&a*'ina*n] V X , ref/.,
+
Rap. (an), erinnerte, hat erinnert Erinnere Eva bitte an ihr Verspre-chen! mise.
Kannst du dich an ihn erinnern?
He is a good physician. He has a
remind, remember v
Please remind Eva of her pro- Do you remember him?
Erinnerung [ea*'inaruq] f -, -en memory n
Sie hatte gute Erinnerungen an
ihre Kindheit. childhood.
erkennen [ea*'ksnan] VZ., i recognize
v
Prap. (an), erkannte, hat erkannt
Er tragt jetzt einen Bart, deshalb habe ich ihn nicht sofort erkannt.
Gedachtnis [ga'de~tnis] n, -ses, kein P I.
Ich habe ein schlechtes Ge- I have a poor memory. dachtnis.
Gedanke [ga'dagka] rn, -ns, -n Dieser Gedanke gefallt mir.
Geist [gaist] rn, -es, kein PI. Sie ist schon uber 90 Jahre alt, aber ihr Geist ist noch jung. am -esten
Sie ist intelligent, aber leider nicht
zuverlassig. ly not reliable.
An Sport habe ich kein Interesse.
V X , i., ref/., i Rap. (fur, an), inte-
ressierte, hat interessiert Kunst interessiert ihn nicht. Er ist an Kunst nicht interessiert. Ich habe ihn fur Kunst nicht inte-
ressieren konnen. him in art.
Er interessiert sich nicht fur alte
Bilder. tures.
kennen ['kenan] V/t., kannte, hat gekannt
Die StraOe kenne ich gut. Ich kenne ihn nicht gut.
Kenntnis ['kentnis] f -, -se Er hat sehr gute Kenntnisse in Mathematik und Physik.
She had good memories of her
He has a beard now; that's why I didn't recognize him immediately.
memory n
thought, idea n
I like this idea.
mind, spirit, soul n
She is over 90 years old, but her mind is still young.
intelligent [inteli'gcnt] A@., -er, intelligent
She is intelligent, but unfortunate-
lnteresse [inta'resa] n, -s, -n interest n
interessieren [intars'si:r(a)n] interest v
I have no interest in sports.
Art does not interest him. He is not interested in art. I have not been able to interest He is not interested in old pic-
know v
I know the street well. I do not know him well.
His knowledge of mathematics and physics is excellent.
11
Der Mensch
1
9
1 The
Human Being
klug [klu: k] Adj, kluger, am klugs-
ten sensible
Wir haben alle vie1 getrunken. Es ist kluger, ein Taxi zu nehmen.
konnen [‘kcenan] V / t , Mod. K
Er kann kein Franzosisch.
Das kann er auch nicht erklaren, He cannot explain that either; bitte frage jemand anderen.
merken [msrk(a)n] V/t.,
+
Prgp. note, remember, retain, notice v (an, von), ref/., merkte, hat ge-merkt
Ich merke schon, dass sich die
Zeiten andern. changing.
Sie kann sich keine Zahlen She cannot retain numbers. merken.
V/f. rnissverstand, hat missver-
standen
Das habe ich nicht gesagt, da bin
ich missverstanden worden. misunderstood. nis] n, -ses, -se
So habe ich das nicht gesagt, das
ist ein Missverstandnis. misunderstandina.
smart clever, intelligent, wise,
We all had a lot to drink. It would be wiser to take a taxi.
He doesn’t know French. please ask someone else.
can, could, be able
vm
know vI have noticed that the times are
missverstehen [‘misf~a*Jte:(a)n] misunderstand v
I didn’t say that; I must have been
Missverstandnis [‘misfsa*Jtent- misunderstanding n
I didn’t say it like that; that is a
nachdenken [‘na:xds~k(a)n] VA.,
+
Prap. (uber), dachte nach, hatnachgedacht
Hast du uber meinen Vorschlag nachgedacht?
vergessen [f~a*’ges(a)n] V / t , ver- gaO, hat vergessen
Ich habe meinen Schirm im Hotel vergessen.
Entschuldigung, ich habe lhren Namen vergessen.
Das ist gegen jede Vernunft.
Vernunft [fsa*’nunft] f -, kein PI.
think about v
Have you thought about my sug- gestion?
forget v
1 forgot my umbrella at the hotel. Excuse me, I’ve forgotten your name.
reason, common sense n
vernunftig [f~a*'nynftiq"] Adj. reasonable, sensible
Man kann gut mit ihr reden. Sie ist
sehr vernunftig. very sensible person.
Verstand [f~a*'jtant] rn, -es, kein
She is good to talk to. She is a
mind n PI.
Hast du den Verstand verloren? Have vou lost vour mind?
verstehen [f~a*'Jte:(a)n] V / t , i., i
Prap. (von), ref/. verstand, hat
verstanden
Am Telefon konnte ich ihn nicht richtig verstehen.
Ich verstehe nicht, warum sie das macht.
Verstehst du diesen Satz? Er versteht etwas vom Kochen.
understand v
I could not understand him very well on the telephone.
1 don't understand why she does that.
Do you understand this sen- tence?
He knows something about cooking.
Wir verstehen uns gut.
vorstellen [fo:a*jt~l(a)nl VA., ref/.,
stellte vor, hat vorgestellt Ich kann mir vorstellen, dass das klappt.
we getalong well.
imagine, picture v
I can imagine that it will work out.
12001
-4000
1
begreifen [ba'graif(a)n] V/t., be- griff, hat begriffen
Diese Frage begreife ich nicht. Jetzt kann ich begreifen, warurn er keine Lust hatte.
understand, comprehend, v
I don't understand this question. Now I can understand why he wasn't interested.
dumm [durn] Adj., dummer, am dumb,stupid
dummsten
Erzahl nicht so dumme Witze! Nachts schwimmen gehen -was fur ein verruckter Einfall.
Don't tell such stupid jokes.
notion, idea n
Going swimming at night? What a crazv idea!
Einfall ['ainfal] rn, -s, Einfalle
einsehen rainze:(a)n] V k , sah see, realize v
ein, hat eingesehen
Ich glaube, er hat seinen Fehler jetzt eingesehen.
1 The Human Being
erfassen [~a*'fas(a)n]
v/t,
erfass- te, hat erfasstBevor jemand die Situation er- fasste, brannte das qanze Haus.
realize v
Before anyone realized what was going on, the whole house was on fire.
erfinden [~a*'find(a)n] V/t., er- invent, make up v fand, hat erfunden
Die Geschichte hat sie erfunden.
Diese technische Losung habe I invented this technical solution
ich selbst erfunden. myself.
Die Erfindung war gut, aber kein lndustriebetrieb hatte daran Inte- resse.
She made up the story.
Erfindung [~a*'findurj f -, -en invention n
It was a good invention, but in- dustry wasn't interested in it.
Erkenntnis [~a*'ksntnis] f -, -se Es wurden neue Erkenntnisse uber die Ursache der Krankheit gewonnen.
gescheit [ga'jait] A@.., -er, am -esten
Bevor wir anfangen, mussen wir einen gescheiten Plan machen.
geschickt [ga'jikt] Adj., -er, am
-esten
Sie arbeitet sehr aeschickt.
information, (research) data n
New data on the cause of the disease have been collected.
intelligent, clever
Before we begin, we have to for- mulate an intelligent plan.
skillful, deft
She works vew skillfullv.
gewandt [ga'vant] Adj., -er, am -esten
Sie ist sprachlich sehr gewandt. Hast du eine Idee, was wir ihr
schenkenkonnen? could aive her?
nimble, skillful, skilled
She is very articulate.
Do you have any idea what gift we
ldee [i'de:] f -, -n idea n
Phantasie [fanta'zi:]
t
-, kein PI. fantasy, imagination nDen Architekten fehlt manchmal
ein bisschen praktische Phan- practical imagination.
Sometimes architects have little
uberlegen [y:ba*'leg(a)n] V/t., consider v
ref/., uberlegte, hat uberlegt
Hast du dir uberlegt, ob du das Have you considered whether Angebot annimmst? you are going to accept the offer?
verruckt [fea*'rykt] A@., -er, am
-esten
Er ist ein verruckter Junge, aber ich maa ihn.
crazy
He is a crazy boy, but I like him.
Vorstellung [fo:a*Jtelug] f -, -en
Ich habe noch keine klarevorstel- lung, wie man das Problem losen konnte.
Dieser Larm macht mich wahn- sinnig.
weise [vaiza] A@., -er, am -esten
Das war eine weise Entschei- That was a wise decision. duna.
idea n
I still don't have a clear idea how we can solve the problem.
wahnsinnig [va:nzini$q A@. insane, crazy
This noise is driving me crazy.
wise
I I I I
11.4
Charakter
1 1
1-20001
1.4 Character
anstandig ['anJtondi$q A@.
bescheiden [ba'Jaid(a)n] A@. modest
respectable, well behaved
Please behave yourself! Although they are rich, th Bitte benimm dich anstandig!
Obwohl sie reich sind, leben sie
sehr bescheiden. very modestly.
Sei vorsichtig, er hat einen Be careful; he has poor chz schlechten Charakter.
Charakter [ka'raktaq m, -s, -e character, personality n
~
ey live
iracter.
ehrlich [e:a*liq] A@. honest
Ich sage es lhnen ganz ehrlich: Ihr Kind ist sehr krank.
fleinig [flaisic"] A@. hard-working
Er ist ein fleil3iger Arbeiter.
Geduld [ga'dult] f -, kein PI.
Herr Kurz kommt gleich. Bitte ha- ben Sie etwas Geduld!
1'11 be quite honest with yo1 child is very ill.
He is a hard-working empll Mr. Kurz is coming right Please be patient. patience n u; your -
!
oyee. ~ away.11
Der Mensch
I
13
I I
1 The Human Being
geduldig [ga’duldiCq A q . patient
Sie wartete geduldig auf die She waited patiently for the next nachste StraOenbahn. street car/tram.
-esten
Sie ist eine gerechte Lehrerin.
nett [net] A@., -er, am -esten Sie ist nett und freundlich.
neugierig [‘n3igi:riqo] Adj. curious, nosy
Unser Nachbar ist sehr neugierig.
sparsam [‘Jpa:*za:m] A@. frugal, economical
Sie leben sehr sparsam und sind
bescheiden. modest.
Sie ist eine ziemlich strenge She is a rather demanding boss. Chefin.
zuverlassig [‘tsu:fea*lesiq,] A q . reliable
Sie ist zuverlassig und immer She is reliable and always on
punktlich. time.
gerecht [ga’re~t] A@., -er, am fair
She is a fair teacher. She is nice and friendly. Our neighbor is very curious. They live very frugally and are
nice
streng [jtret)] A@. exacting, demanding
I2001
-4000
I
Eigenschaft [‘aig(a)njaft] f -, -en quality, feature n
o Sie ist faul, dumm und un- o She is lazy, dumb, and un- Hat sie denn gar keine guten Doesn’t she have any good
freundlich. friendly.
Eigenschaften? qualities?
Einbildung [‘ainbildug] f -, -en imagination n
Das gibt es nur in deiner Einbil- dung.
Sie ist eingebildet und auch noch dumm.
Du bist in letzter Zeit so ernst. Hast du Probleme?
That’s only in your imagination.
eingebildet [‘aingabildat] A@. conceited
She is conceited and dumb, too.
ernst [ernst] Adj., -er, am -esten serious
You’ve been so serious lately. Do you have problems?
Wenn du nicht so faul warst, If you weren’t so lazy, you could konntest du mehr Geld ver- make more money.
dienen.
Sie hat zum Geburtstag ein Auto bekommen. lhre Eltern sind sehr grol3zugig.
groBziigig [‘gro:stsy:giGq A@. generous
She got a car for her birthday. Her parents are very generous.
humorvoll [hu’mo:a*f31] AQ. with a sense of humor, humo-
Er ist ein humorvoller Mensch. He is somebody with a good
rous
sense of humor.
In the morning she is always in a
Laune [‘launa] f -, -n mood n
Morgens hat sie immer schlechte
Laune. bad mood.
Ich finde, dass du sehr leichtsin- nig fahrst.
Sie hat dem Chef ihre Meinung gesagt. Sie hat wirklich Mut. -esten
Dieser Larm hier macht mich ganz
nervos. nervous.
Warurn willst du das wissen? Dei- ne Neugier ist wirklich schlimm.
leichtsinnig [‘laiqtziniqq Adj. careless
I think you drive very carelessly.
Mut [mu:t] m, -(e)s, kein PI. courage n
She told the boss off. She is really brave.
nervos [ n e r ’ v ~ : ~ ] Adj., -er, am nervous
The noise here really makes me
Neugier [‘nAgi:aq
t
-, kein PI. curiosity nWhy do you want to know about that? Your curiosity is really a pro- blem.
ordentlich [‘~~rd(o)ntli~] Adj. neat, orderly
Petras Buro ist immer aufge- Petra’s office is always neat. She raumt. Sie ist sehr ordentlich.
o Hat dein Bruder immer noch a Nein, er ist sehr schuchtern.
is very orderly.
o Doesn’t your brother have a No. He is very shy.
schuchtern [‘jy~$a*n] AQ. shy, timid
11
Der Mensch
I
15
I I
1
The Human Being
selbstandig [‘zelpJtendiq] Aq. independent
Ich muss seine Arbeit nicht kon-
trollieren. Er ist absolut selb- is absolutely independent. standig.
I don’t have to check his work. He
Sorgfalt [‘zz~rkfalt] f -, kein
PI.
attentiveness, care, attention to detail nThis job requires great care. Bei dieser Arbeit ist Sorgfalt sehr
wichtig.
Korrigieren erfordert sehr sorgfal-
tiges Lesen. reading.
stolz [Jtdts] A@., -er, am -esten Er ist stolz auf seine Erfolge.
verlegen [fea*’le:g(a)n] A@. embarrassed
Dein Lob macht mich verlegen.
sorgfaltig [‘z~kfeltiq”] Adj. careful, thorough
Correcting requires very careful
proud
He is very proud of his success. Your praise embarrasses me.
I I I
I
1.5
Positive und neutrale Gefuhle
1 I
1-2000
I
I ’ I
1.5 Pleasant and Neutral Emotions
angenehm [angane:m] Adj. pleasant, comfortable
1st die Wassertemperatur ange-
nehm? table?
Is the water temperature comfor-
dankbar [‘daqkba:*] Adj. grateful
Wir sind lhnen fur die Hilfe sehr dankbar.
We’re very grateful for your help.
empfinden [em’pfind(a)n] V/t., empfand, hat empfunden Wie empfindest du diese starke Kalte?
Ich bin erleichtert, dass es ihr besser aeht.
erleichtert [~a*’laiqta*t] Adj.
react, feel about v
How do you feel about this ex- treme cold?
relieved
I’m relieved that she is feeling better.
Freude [‘fr~~ida] f -, -n
Mit deinem Geschenk hast du ihm eine groOe Freude gemacht.
happiness, pleasure n
freuen [fni(a)n] V/refl.
+
Prap. (an, auf, uber, wegen, mit), freute, hat gefreut.Ich freue mich auf das Wochen-
ende. end.
look forward to, be happy about v
I’m looking forward to the week-
froh [fro:] A q .
Ich bin froh, dass es dir gut geht.
fuhlen [‘fy:l(a)n] V/t., ref/., fuhlte, hat gefuhlt
Im Bein fuhle ich keinen Schmerz. Ich fuhle mich ausgezeichnet. Kennen Sie hier im Ort einen ge- mutlichen Gasthof?
gemutlich [ga’my:tlirJ Adj.
happy, glad
I’m happy that you’re doing well.
feel
v
I feel no pain in my leg. I feel excellent.
nice, pleasant, cozy
Do you know a nice place to eat around here?
genieOen [ga’ni:s(a)n] V/t., ge- enjoy v
noss, hat genossen
Ich habe meinen Urlaub genos- I enjoyed my vacation.
gern(e) [gea*n(a)] Adj, lieber, am liebsten
Stehst du gern(e) fruh auf?
gliicklich [glykliq] A@.
Er hatte eine gluckliche Kindheit.
hoffen [h3f(a)n] VA.,
+
Prap. (auf), hoffte, hat gehofftWir hoffen seit Tagen auf besse- res Wetter.
Ich habe groOe Hoffnung, dass ich nachste Woche aus dem Krankenhaus entlassen werde.
Hoffnung [‘h3fnut-~]
t
-,engladly; like to v
Do vou like to aet UD earlv?
happy hope (for) v
He had a happy childhood.
For days we’ve been hoping for better weather.
I have great hopes that 1’11 be dis- charged from the hospital next week.
hope n
lachen [‘lax(a)n] VA.,
+
Rap. laugh (at) v(uber), lachte, hat gelacht Uber Witze kann ich nicht lachen. (uber), Iachelte, hat gelachelt Siegab ihm die Hand und Iachelte freundlich.
I can’t laugh at jokes.
lacheln [‘lepln] Vh.,
+
‘Prap. smile v11
Der
Mensch
I
17
1
The Human Being
lieb [li:p] A@.
Sie hat mir einen lieben Brief ge- schrieben.
Der Hund ist lieb, er beil3t nicht. Liebe Frau Kurz,
...
(Anrede in einem Brief). letter)dear, nice, lovely
She wrote me a nice letter. The dog is nice; he won’t bite. Dear Ms. Kurz,
...
(greeting in aLiebe [‘li:ba] f -, kein PI.
Sie haben aus Liebe geheiratet.
lieben [‘li:b(a)n] V/f., liebte, hat ge- liebt
Ich liebe dich!
Lust [lust]
f
-, kein PI.Ich habe Lust auf Eis.
love n
love v
They married for love.
I love you!
I want some ice cream.
interest, desire, inclination n
Stimmung [‘jtimug] f -,-en mood, atmosphere n
Die Stimmung auf der Feier war
prima. tion was great.
The atmosphere at the celebra-
2001
-4000
I
erfreut [~a*’frz~it] A@., -er, am pleased
-esten
Ich bin erfreut, Sie wieder zu I’rn pleased to see you again. sehen.
Erleichterung [~a*’laiqtarug] f -, -en
Die gute Nachricht horten wir mit groOer Erleichterung.
erstaunt [~a*’Jtaunt] A@., -er, am
-esten
Ich bin erstaunt, dass das Res- taurant so voll ist.
frohlich [‘frmli~] A@.
Sven ist meistens frohlich und hat aute Laune.
relief n
We heard the good news with great relief.
amazed, astonished
I’rn amazed that the restaurant is so crowded.
happy, cheerful
Sven is happy and in a good mood most of the time.
Gefuhl [ga’fy:l] n, -(e)s -e feeling n
Hoffentlich ist nichts passiert. Ich habe so ein komisches Gefuhl.
I hope nothing happened. I have a funny feeling.
Gluck [glyk] n, -(e)s, kein PI. luck, good fortune n
Sie hat in ihrem Leben vie1 Gluck
gehabt. her life.
Dieser Film ist mir zu traurig. Wol- len wir nicht lieber einen heiteren
She has had a lot of good luck in
heiter [‘haita*] AQ. light-hearted
This movie is too sad. Wouldn’t we rather see something more
sehen? liaht-hearted?
sehnen [‘ze:nan]
WrefI.,
i PrSp. (nach), sehnte, hat gesehnt Ich sehne mich danach, euch endlich wieder zu sehen.long for, look forward to (very
much) v
I’m really looking forward to see- inq you aqain.
Spat3 [Jpa:s] m, -es, SpaiOe
Diese Arbeit macht mir keinen SpaO.
staunen [Jtaunan] VX,
+
Prap.(uber), staunte, hat gestaunt Alle staunen uber den niedrigen
Benzinverbrauch meines Autos.
fun n
This work is no fun for me.
be astonished, be surprised v
Everyone is surprised how little aas (BE: aetrol) mv car needs.
verliebt [fea*’li:pt] Adj., -er, am in love with
-esten
Er ist in Susi verliebt.
Sie streichelte zartlich ihre Katze. Ich bin mit lhrer Arbeit sehr zu- frieden.
He is in love with Susi. She petted her cat tenderly. I’m very satisfied with your work.
zartlich [‘ts&:rtIiq] AQ. tender
zufrieden [tsu’fri:d(a)n] A@. satisfied
I
1.6 Negative Gefuhle
1-1
1.6 Negative Emotions
Angst [agst] -, Angste fear, anxiety n
Hast du Anast vor der Prufunq? Are vou afraid of the test?
angstlich [‘~qstliq] AQ. anxious, fearful
Sie will nachts nicht alleine im Haus bleiben. Sie ist sehr angst- lich.
She does not like to stay home alone at night. She is very fearful.
11
Der Mensch
I
19
1 The Human Being
Arger "ergs*] m, -s, kein
PI.
anger, irritation, trouble n Please do what he wants, and don’t make any trouble!The last bus is gone. That is really Tu bitte, was er will, und mach’
keinen Arger!
Der letzte Bus ist weg. Das ist
wirklich araerlich. annovina.
argerlich [‘~rga’li~] A@. irritating, maddening, annoying
bedauern [ba’daua*n] V/t., be- be sorry, regret v dauerte, hat bedauert
Ich bedauere sehr, dass ich lhre Einladung nicht annehmen kann.
befurchten [ba’fyrqt(a)n] V/t., be- furchtete, hat befurchtet
Ich befurchte, es ist etwas I fear that something terrible has
Schlimmes passiert. happened.
bose [‘berza] A@., boser, am bo- sesten
Sie wurde bose, als ich ihr die
Geschichte erzahlte. story.
furchten [fyr~t(a)n] V/t., i., ref/.,
+
Prap. (vor), furchtete, hat ge-fijrchtet
Ich fijrchte, dass wir zu spat I am afraid that we will be late. kommen.
Ich furchte mich vor dem Hund.
Der Hund wird von allen ge- The dog is feared by everyone. furchtet.
Morgen konnen wir leider nicht
kommen. tomorrow.
I am very sorry that I cannot ac- cept your invitation.
fear v
angry
She got angry when I told her the
fear, be afraid
(09
vI am afraid of the dog.
leider [‘laida*] Adv: unfortunately
Unfortunately, we cannot come
Schrecken [‘Jr&k(a)n] m, -s, - shock, fright, panic n Als er die Polizei sah, bekam er
einen groBen Schrecken. frightened. Warum hast du nicht fruher ange-
rufen? Ich habe mir Sorgen ge- macht.
When he saw the police, he was
Sorge [ ‘ z ~ g a ] f -, -n worry, trouble, sorrow n Why didn’t you call earlier? I was worried.
sorgen [‘zxg(a)n] VA.,
+
Prap.{fur), ref/.., sorgen, hat gesorgt Wer sorgt fur den Hund, wenn ihr im Urlaub seid?
Sorg dich nicht um mich! Ich wer- de vorsichtig sein.
Er zeigte keine Trauer uber den Tod seiner Frau.
Trauer [‘traua*] f -, kein PI.
worry (about), be concerned
(about), care for
v
Who is going to care for the dog while you are on vacation (BE: on holiday)?
Don’t worry about me! I’ll be careful.
He showed no sorrow at the death of his wife.
sorrow, grief n
traurig [‘trauriq’]
AQ.
Sie ist traurig, weil ihre Katze ge- storben ist.
A@.
Ich habe ihm unangenehme Fra- gen gestellt.
unglucklich [‘unglykli~]
AQ.
Er ist unglucklich, weil seine Freundin ihn verlassen hat.
unangenehm [‘unangane:m]
~
sad, sorrowful
She is sad about the death of her cat.
unpleasant
I asked him unpleasant ques- tions.
He is unhappy because his girl- friend has left him.
unhappy n
verzweifelt [fea*’tsvaifalt]
AQ.
desperateSie war so verzweifelt, dass sie nicht mehr leben wollte.
Wut [vu:~] f -, kein PI.
Sie wurde rot vor Wut.
wutend [‘vy:tant]
AQ.
,,Lass mich in Ruhe!“, schrie er
wutend. anarilv.
She was so desperate that she didn’t want to live any more. She turned red with anger. “Leave me alone!” he screamed
rage, anger n
(violently) angry, furious
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aufregen [‘aufre:g(a)n] V/t., refl.,
i Prap. (uber, wegen), regte auf, hat aufgeregt
Er hat ein schwaches Hem Deshalb durfen wir ihn nicht auf- regen. (Deshalb darf er sich nicht
aufregen.) excited.)
excite, get excited, upset v
He has a weak heart.
That’s why we must not upset him. (That’s why he must not get
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Der
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1 The Human Being
Aufregung ['aufre:gug] ( -, -en excitement
n
Sie hatte vor Aufregung verges- sen, was sie sagen wollte.
besorgt [ba'z~kt] A@.., -er, am -esten
Jens hat sich seit Wochen nicht Jens has not called in weeks. His gemeldet. Seine Eltern sind des- parents are therefore very
halb sehr besorat. concerned.
She was so nervous she forgot what she wanted to say.
concerned, worried (about)
beunruhigen [ba'unru:ig(a)n]
Vk., refl., beunruhigte, hat beun-
ruhigt
Du bist so nervos. Beunruhigt dich etwas? (Warum beunruhigst du dich?)
Eifersucht [aifa*zuxt]
I: -,
kein PI.Die Eifersucht meines Mannes wird immer schlimmer.
Sie darf keinen anderen Mann an- sehen. Ihr Freund ist schrecklich eifersuchtia.
eifersuchtig ['aifa*zyqtiq"] A q .
upset, bother, disturb, worry v
You are so nervous. Is something bothering you (Why are you so worried)?
jealousy
n
My husband's jealousy is getting worse.
jealous
She cannot look at another man. Her boyfriend is terribly jealous.
einsam ['ainza:m] A@. lonely
erregt [~a*'re:kt] A@. -er, am excited
Ohne dich fuhle ich mich einsam. -esten
Eine erregte Menschenmenge An excited crowd demonstrated demonstrierte vor dem Parla- before the parliament building. ment.
Without you I feel lonely.
erschrecken [~a*'Jrek(a)n] VA., be startled, be shocked
erschrak, ist erschrocken Er erschrak, als er die hohe Rech-
nuna sah. hiqh bill.
He was startled when he saw the
erschuttert [~a*'Jyta*t]
Aq.
shockedAlle waren von seinem fruhen Tod
erschuttert. timely death.
Unsere Katze hat keine Furcht vor Hunden.
Everyone was shocked by his un-
Furcht [furct]
r:
-, kein PI. fearn
hassen [‘has(a)n] V/t., hasste, hat gehasst
Jens brauchst du nicht einzula- den. Er hasst Paws.
Er hat ihn aus Hass erschossen.
hate v
You don’t need to invite Jens. He hates parties.
He shot him out of hate.
Hass [has] m, -es, kein PI. hate n
hoffnungslos [‘hz~fnugslb:~] hopeless
Adj., -er, am -esten
Die Situation ist ernst, aber nicht
hoffnungslos. hopeless.
Es tut mir leid, dass ich Sie storen muss.
The situation is serious but not
leid [lait] (tun) A& auch Leid be sorry, regret
I’m
sorry I have to disturb you.schamen [‘jmnan] V/refl., +Rap. (vor, wegen, fur), schamte, hat geschamt
Er schamt sich vor den Leuten weaen seiner grol3en Ohren. ears.
be or feel ashamed v
He is ashamed because of his big
Schock [j3k] m, -(e)s, -s Der Tod seines Sohnes war ein grol3er Schock fur ihn.
schockierte, hat schockiert Er schockierte seine Eltern, als er mit grunen Haaren nach Hause kam.
shock n
The death of his son was a great shock for him.
schockieren [j3’ki:ran] V / t , shock v
He shocked his parents when he came home with green hair.
Unruhe [‘unru:a] f -, -n
Der Regierungswechsel fuhrte zu starken Unruhen.
Unruhe f -, nur Sg.
Er zeigte seine innere Unruhe nicht, obwohl er Angst hatte.
vermissen [f~a*’mis(a)n] V/t., ver- misste, hat vermisst
Ich habe dich sehr vermisst.
disturbance, unrest n
The change in government led to serious unrest.
restlessness, inner turmoil n
He did not show his inner turmoil, although he was afraid.
miss (someone) v
I missed vou verv much.
Verzweiflung [fsa*’tsvaiflug]
r;
-, despair n kein PI.Trotz unserer Verzweiflung haben
wir noch immer Hoffnung. hope.
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Zorn [tsarn] m, -(e)s, kein PI. anger, rage n
Als wir uber ihn lachten, geriet er
in Zorn. into a rage.
Er sprach mit lauter und zorniger
Stimme. voice.
When we laughed at him, he flew
zornig [‘tsarni~~] Adj. angry, enraged
He spoke in a loud and angry
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1.7 Health and Illness
bluten [‘blu:t(a)n] VA., blutete, hat
geblutet
Die Wunde hat nur kurz geblutet.
erkalten [ea*’kelt(a)n] V/refl., er-
kaltete, hat erkaltet Ich habe mich erkaltet.
bleed v
The wound only bled a little.
catch a cold v
I caucrht a cold.
Erkaltung [ea*’keltug] f -, -en cold n
Sie hat eine starke Erkaltung.
Fieber [‘fi:ba*] n, -s, kein PI. fever n
Sie hat hohes Fieber.
gesund [ga’zunt] Adj., gesunder, healthy
am gesundesten
Es ist ein sehr gesundes Kind.
kein PI.
Zum Geburtstag wunschen wir dir Gluck und Gesundheit.
Grippe [‘gripa] f -, kein PI.
Ich mochte ein Medikament ge-
Husten [‘hu:st(e)n]
m,
-s, kein PI.She has a bad cold. She has a high fever.
He/She’s a very healthy child.
Gesundheit [ga’zunthait] f -, health n
For your birthday we wish you good luck and health.
I would like some medicine forthe
influenza, flu n
gen Grippe. flu.
cough n
