Lecture 6-RADAR Part 2

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RADAR

Part II

By: Zuliana Ismail,2010

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Introduction

Recall Back RADAR Part 1 Recall Back RADAR Part 1



 What What are the are the three three types of types of RADAR?RADAR? 

 What What are the are the differences differences between between PSR andPSR and SSR?

SSR? 

 How How PSR PSR worworks?ks? 

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WHY ¶STEALTH· A

WHY ¶STEALTH· AIRCR

IRCRAFT

AFT

C

CAN BE

AN BE

I

INV

NV

I

IS

SI

IBLE ??

BLE ??

B-2

B-2 _{Spirit stealth bomber of the}_{Spirit stealth bomber of the U.S Air Force}_{U.S Air Force}

An F

An F-117-117 _{Nighthawk stealth strike aircraft}_{Nighthawk stealth strike aircraft}

F

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Home Home Previous Previous Next Next Help Help M

M

ost conventional aircraft have a rounded

shape. This shape creates a

very efficient radar

reflector

.

MM

eans that no matter where the radar

signal hits the plane, some of the signal gets

reflected back

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However, some military aircraft are designed and However, some military aircraft are designed and

constructed to be non

constructed to be non--_reflective_reflective -- _{the so}_{the so}--_called_called



sstealth aircraft.tealth aircraft.

B-2

B-2_{Spirit stealth bomber}_{Spirit stealth bomber}

of the U.S Air Force of the U.S Air Force

An F

An F-117-117 _{Nighthawk stealth strike aircraft}_{Nighthawk stealth strike aircraft}

F

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A stealth aircraft is made up of completely

flat

surfaces

and

very sharp edges

. When a radar signal

hits a stealth plane, the

signal reflects away at an

angle.

Surfaces on a stealth aircraft also can absorb

radar energy as well. So,

radar energy as well. So, this aircraft become

this aircraft become

invisible

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2.

A

AIR

IRBO

BOR

RNE WEATHE

NE WEATHER

R

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Introduction



 Airborne Airborne Weather Weather Radar (ARadar (AWR) is WR) is used toused to provide to provide the pilots about weather provide to provide the pilots about weather ahead.

ahead. 

 The insThe installation tallation include include weather weather radar anteradar antennanna located in the nose of

located in the nose of the aircraft and weatherthe aircraft and weather radar display inside the cockpit.

radar display inside the cockpit. 

 The radaThe radar inr information formation can be dican be displayed splayed inin combination wi

combination with the aircraft route on th the aircraft route on the EFISthe EFIS Navigation Display (ND)

Navigation Display (ND) 

 Weather Weather radar radar is used is used for severe for severe weatherweather avoidance

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The antenna is housed in a

The antenna is housed in a radome made of compositeradome made of composite materials loca

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H

ow

A

irborne

W

eather

Radar

W

orks



 A antenna A antenna which sweeps which sweeps side to siside to side transmide transmits Superts Super High Frequency (SHF) signals which is 9Ghz

High Frequency (SHF) signals which is 9Ghz 

 When When hit the rehit the reflective flective objects (preciobjects (precipitation), pitation), thethe signals is reflected back to the antenna receiver. signals is reflected back to the antenna receiver. 

 The returns The returns (echo) are (echo) are displayed displayed to the pilot to the pilot on theon the aircrafts radar screen.

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 WeatWeather her radar radar isis function to detect, function to detect,

locate, and measure the locate, and measure the amount of precipitation. amount of precipitation. 

 Precipitation Precipitation is is within within oror falling from cloud.

falling from cloud. 

 It iIt includncludes es rain, rain, snow,snow, ice & hail.

ice & hail. 

 Different Different precipitationprecipitation has different reflective has different reflective levels.

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A

irborne

W

eather

Radar

W

orks



 The goal The goal of weather of weather radar is radar is to display to display areas of areas of heavy precipitation, which generally indicates

heavy precipitation, which generally indicates areas of turbulence.

areas of turbulence. 

 Different Different types of types of precipitation precipitation have diffehave differentrent reflective qualities.

reflective qualities. 

 Reflectivity Reflectivity of precipiof precipitation tation is directly is directly related torelated to moisture content.

moisture content. 

 Large Large water water droplets droplets show show the strthe strongestongest returns, while dry hail or snow w

returns, while dry hail or snow will show lightill show light returns, or no returns at

returns, or no returns at all.all. 

 Weather Weather radar deteradar detects raindrops, cts raindrops, not clouds not clouds oror fog.

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 The The precipitation precipitation painted painted (depicted) (depicted) byby airborne weather r

airborne weather radar is not adar is not of primaryof primary concern, however it is

concern, however it is representative of areasrepresentative of areas of severe weather.

of severe weather. 

 Areas Areas of large of large raindrop raindrop size=high size=high rainfallrainfall rate=intense

rate=intense storm=turbulencestorm=turbulence.. 

 The The turbulence turbulence associated associated with convectiwith convectiveve clouds is often severe and always dangerous. clouds is often severe and always dangerous. 

 Other Other dangerous dangerous factors factors associated associated withwith thunderstorms are: severe icing, hail,