elektrotermicki uredjaji

1. Elekhtemijr

_{- uvod}

Fielobdt _{iE su!} Nqk

: chr dc {{glc ! bphh! GDol€ou rqircj ,a Edh{nih p , !8 ddq! rbi ku bn e dN! i! ebhormij! i I D udqe rq

GirekmtF'di*!4d, i {LftDr.r! brszt! {q$€ rD!

'! i 4ha! 4bndiddi€. ah.r u hdukti trs , ! a{dB i'i .@r ed hd6kt*i _{tspii \}

luFr lq & rdE _{a rtu.ef bdFq}

q! E&. sqnja qdsr id u d b n b n N j c ! i F $ h i : d r o q n l a M i q i a d . k i

ir Eqdic dckldii diirbo,.o@hnd&bre par i &us !p{r {o ka jcd0u d€rrreFNdr! dh! prc

Ldn6!ml4ilcND;liqu

.rcm I 4,obdd! rcPdrju,

biE.@ 6D Ddo! rPdtri .ihr E 4r@kms jc eo d4trddoik ! bm! e nrci4tr bNq.! r {rLdc qqsite u rpbru Mj! r nd.djiri i drura4u dinwii o

dlLE p€a!rcrc ! bddo r' .'ii]1fulilF4dqk|ebj}4Bkm!b

I

*Hfiffi*ffi**.

2. Termonrika

,(r^3) *.ifffti5dda rPb€

Arhd , cnd seri bprde & ndlsho E4n Ehliion 0{-aFdlli'd'3bp|de!€fu,

0" - sdt"j i+b€ e bFrdln! lriiiin d d'hc Nb (ts sp{i.; _{rdhr bprob d, F a6u d nns hFdu€:}

r'rr rchke ter s ! p@ sio _*!qr i h&+ nddjlL bire bpbhe i&r*e

sPris

qdaj bPbc i m.n E ! Fjc

rrF hs@ $ htscrrcn

k4dnr

bDDil4ipd$i!$oi.tNbdd!] ,

n

./

9.

w

,

i

/,

v

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D

n@blho & jd! nsfhu oF,!N! n& a (ro,4B@ od .nF6L4 alt) _{lam f&} &+rE<kFfun&.F!4fuEi

a = a = a ' + 0 " r a J + a l =

n n @ , - a n ' 4 q + a 4 @ -ei) +w,+d46

q )

.Low drt jlddiq nq

'X;.^*

-""'"'.".*'

',.'.',..

dl

*ori

r'ircje,qb'rc

rdi &; je !d.j d*rdcmt!, od @nliau i ijae d&dhi

ibrkin i b ffiE .ktrb. i uhFos 4a .E

t u = j ' i = 6 # ' '

=+=E+-"

Laupoi i*o crod6ja & dw '

3. El€ktrclemiaki uredqii i poslrcj€nja

udqi u b,,n! E bDwdi. cediu @sij! ! bprdB etu! E Ebh rcpdiide'ud,ddi&lMjibjiin4ubpbb!14

i&ir! i F ij6 bdor.a€ bpidE _3!6i

rd*!j! _{sm F ldDj bnFn,ui i tu d b4 F llrid bprdrc} iDi&iE Ekkkbe par Gr r r) s e*reklffi !d!ji d d bF

rorb ld4 bji ! rcto, bF rrubti !l@ bpbh! i4res. _ts '[email protected]|jie

h _{Fjd rllg} q ecLh@.

bqrjr qodjr d diEkh! ! sE@n @rdj.tu. od! F b d

rdickoi _{8rcjni san pd@nq!} prcMDde ektu s4irr u opb,u ! ebkddon slni d*L $ {qdt! dlrje pED@i b eq4q

u $jo br5r&ii ietsFqu d*roro cd! ndisr*a,6ku bFrruliju

n4aid@ a dvuoj! i a!{!trjc {ab ir plqoq - skD d tu{qe bprdc {Ehier i L4bhs dr&ijr),

oP!@ eiEj! p d*rrc adi _FnqqF. ori , 5wn $n.q inlju

dcktFa@iid ldj (Fi. ds!. _4ji rFr'), eLhioo i!tsjno Frojqq

Erhdrc mFjN pqr@i{,c Ed & tuvtu _P!l!e Eh44 6iss&. rmromlbrc, pdelDiq. bdru'qe dlnddodk bdqte udlie I nd&inc apdqui !tuii udq

4. Temometriia

roF _{u! lc {h rpbbiF(ndr} kli4edn reFi 4Fr Fr!6 F rbLfa i rcekhlrm €th,. M

@bmilotrbFELtlirereq4uI

d4kifri arlrr@r@i. hffibi@i), edit&hd (dijNtoe pilmhr), - &6DNb^i (prerce qd*4

Ni irci 4 r i _{rdi $ F&saii dtd& FrEfljilri} tnF6,uni

q L b * d l G b j l s L H u

!@hhi €@Bdrq _{sk i.} ndlsbm Ea w dw hFd!& dda doloni

? t ^ 1 = n + r 9 c c r

RddlF oi! je d4iied prcb dE ndj

#irps+#j#ffi*rffi

**,'r*ffi;r*,1-,rx',fl

,ff;?*i

c - $ p r c l

ilH,ffi

lr1frf;fj$"f,$,fl*Htr$i",*-t

i'i#i:j""i;;iritr;:*":

*;*il"dii""tf

tfi*:T#:Tilr

' = ; G '

t;-Jffi;[*$ltrJ*sitttrsr

"ilffi ,r;i"i,F*,f.Trfi

f.,.H1i;y":.11$"[']ili.t;

;

z ldu fuLFE _{d Prlrtu Fllhr.tu!'} Erlr) ruirF4i! _{Fdruau einlq Gr.d,}

s!@riEuidj!&tuip!tur@Dehsdtsnbjirr rein p hFdNn. tr@ n!d! 6

Mlurikji$ _4e hb€ a !re'pE jsupbitu tur rcLdaD n4q rdc hhr idjun. r&j4 b6'

tshor rre{a db n !a !!d 15. siDbFhi!ii,p|$'hbmotas

rx.rciHb dFo, bji jc nd'erE i 6,@b& Pdqdirb rr n@'tsd e idljq d okdr lru!. lfu _{sddq okft qie, okir}

--w-

- -w-_

- @ €

igu d'i ju d nri 6 adhi shid Ftu b i i l J o o p . k b 6 r b ; ' i k @ ! ' m

@ ! r u [ b P b h ! h e i ] t { | l i d .

u d &iqh pd'd! _{r'2 ii & wd ! mliiru Firc&, u deon}

z ha .ion4r i j.trDij. n.tu san

l @ & 0 c ( H ) r i + t r c

z! w& drjeMd i,bPrte €msprc4

koFqcd dd & bdqjq d;b! nd.djd, h i r@GLn{ ! un6b b@,k hii dtu bdd

i rr+.i hz dii4@Ju nn, E d I rq!. ao r hF6 q; do rc eomqr. (4q. bhhi u Fnr p!. b,ii€ qdrd r! p@a! enF!

a F o M ] g k F 9 h F h .

Nrh Dcedr, F*!aD 4 ,bi (i 4'0), LnFzh repNrjio ej tud rqli E4 pdrtur, rqi ltd

.!tu r4FrttrE. NnFrcn rcrubdj@, tu cis rurin 6udujen 3d@neLr r i i sEk kn m5bj! !c r@r. I tu! ' _{hiF, ndru ! dt! F@E lnq @fr@}, / {-tunn bnur ! i dcuG

E o m { e . ; e F j d L P d d E & e

Dcdbr.nFmurc s ids ptud ! ijce! 6ffi. pdGr _{F !} b@ no e F m€ni! rNrj, be rc

oflrd pbndd in4 lubterdvN ! pi@tud a eo

'Flhr obFk'tu '@{6Ns zd{ji,&!du& !p otumh I

Po nooiu €nFnMc _{@dhn pi(erM} ldi & p6&+ zdsja kh I @abr.d@ (6ij!ria). Pbncb & mj@ lda m pd6! .iil

q,ij!j! _{& i[( rb pdirc} dtuEd& _eo!6j@ @! rc Ljlds jeo,Eibii@io&e ^tu roj! jc pddiob&Em trni6

I

P u@ n 4 {6t! _{p'ruD f Di{,rr}

Eodprdo Nr *i _{[email protected] r drr @ d,M hn,;;,;} uq!

ru3 s ardic _{rmo! pdr ! rq! srd! e6 prcFr i Fr ipi} vq{n (nF6r!E dNno4@rtu

s6 r6'iuhq e4rdie €Dts616 $torcahqFxEjldb|pd!,eFr

nn6no4mqbi d!!n+I ojdlne

bl! E dk r! qd& o(; 's erou e cnf rinflji hd4ri!LnuhDr.utrdnrd _rcDG

rcno4Fnrt'idiibillkiGD!"bia

tu$r&oDi dncD k ri db" in! nd& srtdu - pl+zdiF dotsBbbii l@,

h Frli 14! Ekr rckr ijs:0s e &er.! $tnoD \ 4 ! i d c r k h @ @ n i i t s r d q r < 4

d , rr bn NFr!rrhb! @4u

[email protected]' 6djin vd &o saF P N4P{Lriii i5h rld{te _{P sM bo} Nndu FrFodrtki lErdd (i 4r) ur!

'nFM ' lr'tr?tr

hz Ntr Ne otu egd{ija 0Fm i

'uF. e dic & daE Pqdd!(mts" q.FMo. adtrl @Frur. bi ihi ci@!

rDrq E$reF u dob4i ne! bid

Rqd&ir! ryFd c di mt* u drtu rcslkitr DlF oD s rua rdtri ibFatoibdhur@ keLdjislF$ iduolu rcluL.+ roFGNrc iL ! $hu EFhdjc ptuDq ditu rDtrq ud!n. Rr $kdn ckfus inr pd'mu ! b6j

u rdbFim ,jl@jr b'ot i rc4rsij

i4Fr@n ispdD @ E o F n l u o F @ d b r o i !d h.ri udq

' idw! @r a bju iq u nsb lme@h _F,ojqio!.8 h:rci @sr!E hji w& bphhi erh

Fru u u&rurrctFii4

adi&uobrdudibP utrFu.ki4r

T

lqb ijr3or @phE dd. _{Nrer r} & r lrtuor tu ckric pn tca dr d {obi@ eMrcbniib rhFiju.

5. Termokinelika

!n anFd!tuporj@IFry@t4

i Br Gfn& Pl!,q PE6r & ohll{ r

rree&t&MFoumo

FLte re bmFoklj. r@adu@ Frjc jc *q dlk q d6! m q' r9l@u Pori @r bii h@o so itdoFq ! ims @biE @Niirhstsri rd!!rnFBur @sF ! uodrc&@ _F@r& ldBsdibm br,uE Ho'qe oo rEFnle _{Frjc o.h & jdiiddiodjm} Mbaqcdb

* w s nw &te ndqniu dn6no $!!q _{! Pretraon dn!} bp

a = fl\.r,.4

r ! deoolNn nd _@idja '&

0 =!1',\r'

Njhir@ea'oplobn4!d!]

d ne!& tri N4Ge j. b ro'hdta ldij&rle i tuktE bphE s d6'ii rhw bh ! obhi Foi !ntt!i, iri Fr rd*cLi i r@er $

5.r. (oMUKCrr^ TOPljm

bd*cta

r pde4!

_{FdNrjr tdn}

bpbr bji dE{ _Fqer @dilbc

pta cr J 1), irdjcno D hir!

d 9 g 4 t b & ! ! i ' { f u b r c F * e p

ftu b*u A r! i@c@Nj iiqi, kejd *b addrorolc i4' !fl! r En: anFeoms drq{dja p

G bddc Fnojr. jcr hr ra& tn @{!f rh+ Nid

&nc u lirEe ,qbh4 _{@r pdsnyt! sdLb' rnFnbrc kd 4:}

F d d = g

oe@ii zen p(fuoj! _{bdde F Aqee 4hn, bji 3r6i & F e} I FdiEdu tnFBirc

. = - i

" d a =

r ! {

kdiijcDi {!neE _{1 F hdow ldnqr} ndstdq I 4r nhs F k 4 r d s I , t @ , q h c M n ! ' @

{4! e r bd!b@ ,4bhr tGsiF bo! jdhr! p!* _r.h! 4c!E m F e pEca i ! jd^.i {4{r;

a = t u q = : i # t r * h . ,

hi@rcn Fdicq aboi B

!tun6ir d 52) ddir! s i4e d

i (erij! b _{dd! ddu}

q = q s=+(.0

6 ) s

o = c

u dliju,.nddktu

_tuo

Frdo4 6iqi, bi"i & n; a

ti

driptqd _{rdro bon io r1} hdqsrLiup|Frqh[

kQ' tuinib sta! p@i

#":trjilt?f.-T"6,j

_{f"::t?-'111*fi5t'r$,j::l}

I D r 4 r o n [ i a p | F b P q & | o l N p l l .

[?r1!i"lil".lf'"

pde- d a a pdjdni iqs' obu'i-prc

( ; i

a h M @ d 6 h " . , ; -Fo{h i tr,M

' Fuui! mtbdiu !!Fh! _' q, bb nsi ;sb i

s,l_

biii!@s Potrcb*!

'ib rdaDi! ili

dor;bii !J*c u 5Fi6&n n&!ni ipfidi lNm sib bF e s lras|n ! bMdjitldiF" v'bno *alc isdblbE iL tul

hji Prcoqi

'qb!, F ti

K

---;=&

tm7mm77mm

'iudo

frhd@ mnie s ru

Fnd

h,@bootlos _Ptu, Lqbc &o ! Nlbi

a = & t t F ) s t

gd< _{f c\ eoF6,uE qbs z6 ! ,r E\} I irn tr4ftd mFn umi ,'-"6 ". "; h..' rd ""-"" a br pdt^r! _{t q h r ! D l & l i k o l} hrdF p r c b hb*r' {" ;-* drcdri s, H. q s . 1 " " , * h . . k . F $ . N

-Ad,.di; rntrj Lkiir i bdm rklnar &sdiobrckti ;dd". c"i. a-e.

-e

red beiqtft bodorcs pErc! a i 6 ' d r s e r E n d i o L n h & r @

*,,-,,*r-ho ueb;. h rnrlr@ kM! !@F bl< n'd! Lrc\oddidonituir hi a ae,i pr o; pnLms ld! ab

bh: r{DM aeq aDd (!ihirrcL 36

oNri$o b@u nrunij4 rd n keb4 ( ,nh,nq rauEdN). ed& i dnn-j! 6!*G rdiq r4 i .Etsi ,

5 3. PMOS rcPLOE ECENJW

Pniq bddc

-diFn

@ 4kea _Fbj

cM. zsg rs dillciii bP6€

s+ r i di.ijq'

d*ijq,

lrr]jr

dsoF u doqo m @a bpioh doj'tr! rb m. bii;

R + P = 0

( a o )

^ + P = 0

R + a = 0

( s ! .

( D l r ) .

Rdr&D P

'db heNd d

roPbrc dD!i! re nd dbi

'i

teoe!@o lpLi (artudt

ii@Frii(L'irb6r) doiu ,rui€ ,16 c rii 5 1. b! E d e z*qu o dnry {c4ie h &ip&rl! i ,6N6@4F u €

*$*li:lg.:-uf#*+**trr*+'r';ru

Rd!@r bph€ ! ddltu rdn trh D e i u a & q h F $ | } u b m i F l i

' I

ft+t

r+r]

3! a c' ., r 4 r6cie 4!&'j! .L I id ,

kohb zuoi! iForh dios trh

""*(#.)

sr!&j rh DspFD rk cr rr ! 1chrj.

lry !I Mdk!! Jq h 6i jri! d

d ' 4 - a

_{t l}

7

.rrrkn

io.duhdino'tsji6|0Do

' l

i aenja di i bDude #ija

5 4 slozErll Pmos mPLm

r a{c u. .dD. kDqc tDtbl ddal

' bddo-c;boF. bdllqe s u obrhu bphF GL 5 rr)

rq*li@i,n i!kn, re, pEnd dFdl@ pd'sllltno]qLdF!Fdu!b'|oe

*o te

-d .iiddu nE a a4! pEklna bpbr 3r6L

*-a n@, oo)=hb G, 6)=9+.

! a 6 ! F d h ! F | l e d b r

; * 1 . ;

.-LJt;'rl

(*l

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ll16l

tHd'

( Nrdeii ntui Fdbt4q Nj!r@ .e _{o rLhj!} 'qhe

ulej@ kffciicri! tutuc _{Foru rqhb r dFE dlra fl d} truri ilrdr _{TnFBUE Gr 5 tr) u dlidu ,EnBne Enn! FeNi} sddc

'j ab.!biF !E ddroci il.lh !bnd&! rqbb ! zdu, q,=ei (dr ro)GeEftud),

41=? @ etttuzd)

4. =di (41 &)(rr&dm) u. q6 4 mn! rarfu4l t@bb ddi d-tr:

GF{6!d

'4di cu'tu pcGc bpiob !u vkFi ?d o 5 a) cnFBtrF s nd6 otqinr g rf:

z . i ] t ! 1 6 . | i i . i d | ! i r . | o i a E g J r

a ' l r ; ' a

' , - ' "

+

e . .

= a ^

_{4 +=1,'-L}

e =e, !:!_ \,r_

h$hF i4a! oH*! i!!! qpblhFri*E _{G 56) Rd!q!}

'=

--ffi

r

r-+rl; ;-l-;7

o = a

- !

\

"

= " -Fti

l i - ; l

, , " # . ( i I

-

= q

r ; T ( ; ; l = " , h

;

-non kn orddi _li,oedrdrho [ ' o k ! F n q p | { F 6 b i e p d p h , d r I j t i 5 1 d

F@tu+

s dljl

_F@rij,b

rdNn:

sd =!5, i,-.

,ii _ ;F

vdinhi P;h, dprte fqc t€l

3d. $! r i . quEiji i Fdrd PId bPr

i

6. Aralogija aemiakib i elektriiDih veiitiDa

- . - r _ .

l'ri;ipifi ,tkrlt:# hd'64 .

* .

-r

=

". -

**' *.*,

"..

:i -r, "-,u,,- o-",".";.

0i! u d4k.m4 _br:

t = ] ! = ! : ! !

;li:ffi,:liil;]ili,1?is,ii,i"giJl-'.

,Iz

D! 'di ' t'h'm aft e!'a

ebtu a' dFr &(o) , ri isnui dFi.

"k',di FLrF ula + eL{,,qnr

^

rre

7. Toplotri eh"ani

dlju

NFr! toet.

id.en

@pbs

_{kh I Fr}

dnir dd4

_{rhod Fcbncru3ze4r}

_ryj@s

d' u dju bdr

llEroFdi.Aenn

itu!

& 6F!nu

dr estu

d nqDldje,

r ptu bdoh.&!d

u@ od drsg n,hl,h

_{e& & Fhrjr jlJd th Gr 71) ki}

teiMijls

bijtu3

|ier@j!

Ilej

t f4cEtrm @hrr ch F @b1 F &

bpiob,ei@ (ri > rr),

b) €h I &@ s d ibc nrbnjdr a s 6 jdb ldrc brs! o loPrdi &e ie ! obtu btus b, ts

u d@r! & bph &m nij! F.!it4

w---4-n*n-c

It+r'r+r']

o

I

@

!&sci46mtutuiod@qu&8

!bllplobifu'd!atMF!e4':

. f , . , . ",n

''=-i

i Liirl ii' I

[r",.t'r,*4

,

f . . .

. l

iii' = liii'l *l*-l

L

N o s @ a f t d q l l s ' i ! L @ a r r 6 b i ] ! $

,.=i , 'i r lirbl l*-l i- j"

_{r _ . - _ [}

_I

Pd r G'!D e inr d-iNi. _{bprdic qrcq ic i u hliori u oetr .}

P-,.,p,",,d"r",o /+1.

n = ^ L o

L!6n Fb, id. r usdlom {nm o

i! qin! d! bi! rud-4 tuh! rcpo ! dob!

l . " r i i . " r - '

' '4k Mn rliry lsirton lnold !4r btroF brid ckn 4*!jao ! @D dEdltc prnouurmdddlod€

8. Toplorri Fflekori

ro,tu (dFik 4 <Hll@stu d

<r :m@ uruihd!!u &ul&dGr'3D@!r{oph

' 4 F i d d d ; d h t u

_{LKtuM3ze'.&i!e6'}

a - n - i - '

ktu.dru(E&4ddtdtra;'Dul6r@iEMiic

a4@ e; mruuisr

@bd drqa

a tuui

Dtbh, EB

;. n; i;

";d;d

4b,.

Fhrpl

DFrod rdjx+

d*

tu'

_{Gpt& f e Fdrd}

d dF i4h

rb b!. rbqr

,

a - T < t

ME'|!Iedddtuiez6jrri

PEo! r&fu,hu , =.,.de,, ! Hrciid' ddjebrbt

R - L = e l l : ! ) -

.

- , - ,

D d.. drit _{r did i! R udro d}

a o r k r o , n q ! r b ; { i u ; , . i @! bilhdu z!&dt!. c iultuF u&

L ntu E d d F q@rjitiru6+1a

bd! roprotus

E[*bB

! . r i t ! f r f ! d . f d j ! d , k 4 t s b F r 4 m ! r r ! ( , n ; u i r i j i 4 ru r n.m! pr u,(h< Le <.

tu! trdr 4 iD.ju no ldu rFlrd odi

. i ! l n h i r u m i t!!rup.!i! i u r ,

B.atu r!Ai!!j! lGMnr Deror, (fu

cd {q rdn F 46u d }6hu hrudMdq6@hau m! lbn dhir *nitu rrb E &bi! dh

10. Terniak mnetrstr konsr ta

3n4r po!d{4. ! i,6 bpbh. dlqc itundn blb . ;,!@o !E!qu rof !1€@ u r+ M ldjrieE obe _{rcF nsi}

o[ hoiDx preF4!tuh,ec!6rf _{B ry, @44''i.}

nm.[pbk!g@gnrk4J|rjp&

eFFdr@@dd _dj!r.lJ*

!dq. Nqia d j€ jdtur _{@rurr @j;ld; d;,@!@}

a-a".$s .*;.

5 F&*kq.M,

.j! duFd r odh F6a|jDlbGlr@f@funollh

ll. Elektiiani srejtti

o.niE r4( m!a! bdi i,-I rr i pr<E 04< M oa ! Fb! i'cG @poh< d*

^.ftu; dl

hqB shdEi hd,

nzq rodDN4! Eorrn _{srrn. b h,q, hFrjuo bc.< o,}

lri:i Tii:ff

_{f Lfl}

L15ff

',x'tlif

_{t".$.5r,t#T,#i:ri}

t-

-1

" U U l l L r F

-I -I

pu c rrdi. u r$q dhdFl,hdaD u Hj!n! m rca6b! msto. uPr@uii 4rioi, _ts{orthi D NEiin

irhi \n6cn m!@iqi a tFrtlhc _{FhE Gr. r rrt N..ia FLrctu} ! 4ii@j i{di tu! d*horronc |{@ _{Lodqu e 4 Ftdi.} .n.

r a i r c i ! d @ b i n t F s&ii oizdna (*ssd ab, rwitr Bl

troh ,kb rd) &ee ii* Nd

oEjni (fuii Da*iih k3u: E 'd!pb 56hq F anFabmj od6'i Pdn4q F

u di6u e pdituic _{PrLuDii p3} i hs ! donadh d*rodPhih r4ue zrtd

mE {n6i@ d;h mtui! qridqri hjq{,

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5Fi|ifunlgcbPhE0J2Wgcsn

tui6rw,, !]€@pu,{j!3rM je p&re lnFniuB F,ss l ' = P . , = d . 3 = { * f t

q _ tr% @r = 0,12.4 = 176}s

o r . o . - 4 = 4 - 5 . 1 6 - 4 , ! r s

u = n . L a = n . t a " r a , )

,_ = di + # =e +,!i:fr: = {? i4 {

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€@3i4 0.3

rwhrE

a - 8 . 4 - v , r , 4 - ; , a ,

t , r . e

c =qs,.3,1a 3.s:16

'r3=

l3e5rs

P = : = f f i . = 3 ' r w

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