Solving Challenges in the Development of a True
Automotive Ethernet Physical Interface
Herausforderungen und deren Lösung bei der Entwicklung einer
spezifischen Ethernet Schnittstelle für den automobilen Einsatz
Günter Sporer
Director Ethernet Segment
In-Vehicle Networking
A Fast Growing, Differentiated, Competitive Market
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Worldwide IVN Nodes (Mnodes)
CAN LIN Safety Bus Flexray MOST Ethernet
Source: Strategic Analytics October 2012
0 10 20 30 40 96 01 06 11 16 20 nodes/car 20kbit/s 1Mbit/s 10Mbit/s 100Mbit/s Body Power train Chassis Daimler S-Class >100 nodes Tata Nano Different OEMs, different complexity, needs, solutions Infotainment ADAS
Opportunities
• Body electronics 7% growth • IVN nodes show 10% growth • Major redesign of E/E arch. at most worldwide OEMsChallenges
• Value chain under pressure • Multiple differentiators • Slow return of investmentsYTD
1000Mbit/s
Network Backbone
Why a New Standard: Automotive Ethernet
More complex car applications require more bandwidth and flexibility
Ethernet is a scalable networking technology
– PHY needs to be made automotive robust
– All other parts of Ethernet standard can be re-used
– ...also across car platforms and car configurations
However, today’s LIN, CAN, FlexRay will continue to be used for a long
time...
CAN
FlexRay
Ethernet
Ethernet for Automotive
Ethernet standards
Overview twisted-pair
M II M L T -3 P M D 8 B /9 B 9 B /4 Q P A M -5 P M D M II 3 B /2 T P A M -3 P M D >>> Transmit >>> <<< Receive <<<<<<Transmit & Receive>>>
<<<Transmit & Receive>>>
<<<Transmit & Receive>>>
<<<Transmit & Receive>>>
Per twisted pair 100Mbit/s, 125MBaud, uni-directional
Per twisted pair 250Mbit/s, 125MBaud, bi-directional
<<<Transmit & Receive>>>
Per twisted pair 100Mbit/s, 66.6MBaud, bi-directional
BroadR-Reach 1000Base-T (Gigabit Ethernet) 100Base-TX (Fast Ethernet) S ta n d a rd E th e rn e t fo r C o n s u m e r & C o m p u ti n g m a rk e t P ro p ri e ta ry E th e rn e t
Conclusion: BroadR-Reach Technology most promising for 1st generation automotive applications Due to the standardized MII interface, the PHY technology can be exchanged.
G M II 4 B /5 B 4 B /3 B N R Z I
BroadR-Reach
Emission Measurement
Fast Ethernet spectrum interferes with radio FM-range
Ethernet for Automotive
Taken from Consumer/Telecom
or
Reduce the Bill of Materials
3. BroaR-Reach developed for Automotive (TJA1100)
2. BroadR-Reach from „consumer“
choke
1. Fast Ethernet
PHY transformer PHY PHY ext. filter network Int. filterless
wires
less
parts
chokeEthernet for Automotive
Developed for Automotive
– Vbat 36V
– Keep alive even during ECU shutdown
– Wake up through bus activity
Wake-on-LAN (e.g. in PCs)
• Only Processor can be switched off
• PHY and MAC keeps supplied by regulator • Wake-up on Magic Packet frame
• Power consumption in >1W range
Low Power with standard PHYs
• Processor and MAC switched off
• PHY keeps supplied by dedicated regulator • Wake-up on link activity detection
• Power consumption in 2mW range
Automotive Low Power with TJA1100
• Supply, Processor and MAC switched off • PHY keeps partly alive via VBAT (clamp-30) • Wake-up on link activity detection
• Power consumption in 300μW range
TJA1100 - Automotive Low Power
Processor MAC PHY Supply
VBAT
Processor MAC PHY
VBAT
Supply
Processor MAC PHY Supply Power Supply WU/INH signal WU signal WU signal
TJA1100 Application
with remote wakeup support
In Sleep micro and power unit are switched off. Upon activity detection on Ethernet
wires, TJA1100 activates ECU via INH signal
No external LPF expected
lowest BOM application
Power Unit M ic ro c o n tr o lle r uBAT M A C (R)MII MDC MDIO INTn RSTn V D D D _ 1 V 8 V B A T V D D IO 1 ,2 XI XO V D D A _ 3 V 3 IN H T J A 1 1 0 0 25MHz 3.3V 1.xV TRX_P TRX_M V D D A _ 1 V 8 WAKE Common mode termination V D D A _ T X
TJA1100 Application
without remote wakeup support
VBAT pin simply connected to 3.3V, INH pin can be left open
No external LPF expected
lowest BOM application
Power Unit M ic ro c o n tr o lle r uBAT M A C (R)MII MDC MDIO INTn RSTn V D D D _ 1 V 8 V B A T V D D IO 1 ,2 XI XO V D D A _ 3 V 3 IN H T J A 1 1 0 0 25MHz 3.3V 1.xV TRX_P TRX_M V D D A _ 1 V 8 EN Common mode termination V D D A _ T X
Ethernet for Automotive
Developed for Automotive
... and taking care of some of the specifics of
„modern“ automotive In-Vehicle Networks
Partial Networking
Generic Idea of “Partial Networking”
PN-enabled networks are capable of operating only those parts of a
network that are functionally required at a given time
Lower power consumption; less CO
2emissions; better fuel efficiency
Without
Partial Networking:
With
Partial Networking:
ECU on
ECU off
ECU on
All ECUs active
Only selected
Partial Networking concepts
3. Global wakeup via Ethernet line
Switch
PHY PHY PHY
Switch
PHY PHY PHY PHY
PHY PHY PHY uC uC uC
Switch
PHY PHY PHY PHY
PHY PHY PHY uC uC uC
Switch
PHY PHY PHY PHY
PHY PHY PHY uC uC uC uC uC uC uC Funct. Cluster A Funct. Cluster B Funct. Cluster C uC uC uC W UP
1. Funct. Cluster B awake
2. Link wakeup
“Advanced Sleep and Wakeup concept for
Automotive Ethernet”
Presented by Thomas Suermann during 2013 Automotive Ethernet
Techday
Ethernet for Automotive
... Whether taken from Consumer
or
Developed for automotive
Challenges … solving them all in one device
Automotive optimized Bill of Materials
– Transmitter optimized for transformer-less and receiver optimized for automotive cables
Power Supply Concept
– Power supply concept dedicated to automotive environment, considering
• Battery voltage breakdowns (ISO 7637-4 pulse)
• Secure power-up/down scenarios w/ fast/slow voltage ramping
– Supply under-voltage detection with defined under-voltage behavior gap-free spec
Temperature Range
– Operating Temperature over full range from -40 to 125°C
– Temperature protection, including warning limit & over-temperature shutdown
EMC/ESD according to German OEM Hardware Requirements V1.2
– Improved immunity (smart adaptive receive equalizer) – ISO 7637 Pulses (1, 2, 3a, 3b, 4)
– ESD (8kV HBM, 6kV IEC61000-4-2)
Low Power Consumption
– Adaptive transmitter output amplitude
– Sleep mode with less than 50uA including wakeup capability
Pinning and package
Future Challenges
Competing Standards
– Ethernet vs Ethernet vs MOST vs LVDS (SerDes)
Gigabit Ethernet, beyond Gigabit
PoE / PoDL
Pinout Standarization of Components
– LIN
CAN
, Flexray
-> Ethernet (?)
Deterministic Ethernet
– AVB -> TSN
NFC NFC Cellular 802.11p 802.11p LF, UHF Radar
