Physical Science
Subatomic Structure & PTE REVIEW
1) Subatomic particles with a positive electrical charge, found in the nucleus of atoms. ______________________
2) Subatomic particles with a negative electrical charge, found orbiting the nucleus of atoms.
______________________
3) Subatomic particles with no electrical charge and found in the nucleus of atoms. ______________________
4) Subatomic particles that make up protons and neutrons. ______________________
5) The unit used to express the mass of atoms. Neutrons and protons each equal one of them.
______________________
6) Atomic mass minus atomic number gets you the number of: ______________________
7) Electrons move so fast that their exact location cannot be predicted so the
________________________ is used to describe their approximate location. It includes everything in the atom but the nucleus.
8) ________________________ is the subatomic particle that gives the nucleus its positive charge.
9) The approximate location of electrons can be predicted and those locations are the orbital paths that electrons take around the nucleus known as:
______________________
10) An atom’s ________________________ is equal to the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in the nucleus.
11) Subatomic particle that is not used in the calculation of an atom’s mass. ______________________
12) All particles smaller than atoms -- particles that make up atoms -- are given this name. ________________________
13) The electrical (magnetic) force between the positive subatomic particles and the negative particles helps keep the ________________________ in orbit around the nucleus.
17) Br-81 has: _____________protons, _______________ electrons, ______________ neutrons 18) All atoms of the elements listed on the Periodic Table are represented as being
electrically neutral (no charge), so the number of ________________________ must equal the number of ________________________.
19) ________________________ are made of a nucleus with electrons orbiting in what is mostly microscopic, three dimensional, empty space.
20) This subatomic particle has an AMU slightly more than a proton __.
21) Valence electrons are the electrons found __.
A) in the first energy level B) in all energy levels C) in the nucleus D) in the last energy level
22) The atom above represents an atom of what element? ________________
23) The atom above has an atomic mass of _________________ & ______________ valence electrons.
24) An isotope of the element above would have: [circle one]: 8 protons \ 8 neutrons \ 8 electrons
Directions: Complete the missing blanks for atoms of the following elements: Number of Number of
Atomic Atomic Number of Number of Number of Valence
Energy
Element Number Mass Protons Electrons Neutrons
Electrons Levels
F 10
Ar 18
3
Complete the atomic model for the element Chlorine.
Include: 1) The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. 2) Proper
number of energy levels. 3) Proper number of electrons on each energy level.
P+ N
This circle represents the
BINDING ENERGY SECTION
1) Rank these forces that act on atoms in order of strongest to weakest (list them left to right, strongest on left):
Strong Nuclear, Weak Nuclear, Gravity, Electromagnetic
Strong to weak: __________________,________________,__________________,__________________ 2) True/False: Atoms with a large number of nucleons have a lower total amount of
binding energy than atoms with less nucleons.
3) Which element would need the largest binding energy to keep its nucleus together?
A) Li B) Si C) Sc D) Kr
4) What nucleon is responsible for binding the nucleus? ____________________________
For questions 5-10 use the following atomic forces: (All words may not be used and some words will be used more than once)
Strong Nuclear, Weak Nuclear, Gravity, Electromagnetic 5) Makes protons push away from each other. ____________________________ 6) Slowly pulls the nucleus apart. ____________________________
7) Makes electrons attract to the nucleus. ____________________________ 8) Responsible for Beta Decay. ____________________________
9) Binds neutrons and protons.____________________________
10) Makes electrons avoid each other. ____________________________
RADIOACTIVE DECAY SECTION
For questions 11-18 use the following words: Alpha Decay, Beta Decay, Gamma Decay 11) Does not change the atomic number. A \ B \ G
12) Does not affect a nucleon. A \ B \ G
13) Causes the greatest change to the atomic number. A \ B \ G
14) Produces an electron A \ B \ G
15) Increases the atomic number by one. A \ B \ G 16) Changes the atomic mass. A \ B \ G
17) A \ B \ G 18) A \ B \ G
Proton converted
19) Radiation is the flow of __.
A) Energy of any type B) Sound Energy
C) Wave Energy D) Electromagnetic Energy
20) When is radiation NOT harmful to life?
A) If it has very high frequencies. B) If it has low photon energy. C) If it can change compounds in cells. D) If it can break bonds between atoms.
21) (2 pts) List two types of radiation that are harmful to life.
____________________________ , ____________________________
22) If the half life of a radioactive element is 5 years, how long does it take for 50% of the parent atoms to turn into daughter atoms?
____________________________
23) Half life is the time it takes:
A) a radioactive element to give off half of its gamma energy.
B) for half of a radioactive element to turn into something more stable. C) for half of the daughter atoms to break down.
D) a radioactive element to release half of its electrons.
24) Find the element Plutonium. What is the result of alpha decay of Pu244?
A) U244 B) U240 C) Am240 D) Am244
25) Find Holmium. What is the result of beta decay of Ho165?
A) Tb165 B) Tb161 C) Er161 D) Er165
26) (2pts) List a form of radiation that is helpful and explain how it is helpful.
NUCLEAR REACTION SECTION
D) combines smaller nuclei (more than one nucleus) to make heavier nuclei.
28) Fusion in our sun involves __ nuclei combining to make __. (pick one answer)
A) Hydrogen, Helium B) Helium, Hydrogen
29) In reference to the graph to the right, the binding energy of a nucleon in a Magnesium (Mg) atom is __ the binding energy in a Gold (Au) atom.
A) greater than B) less than C) equal to
30) In reference to the graph to the right, fusion for elements with atomic masses less than iron __ energy.
A) take in B) release C) equalize
31) In reference to the graph to the right, which of the following would be an example of a potential fusion reaction?
A) Polonium - 209 to Lead - 207 B) Neon - 20 to Magnesium - 24 C) Barium - 138 to Lanthanum - 137 D) Cerium - 137 to Lanthanum – 137
32) In reference to the graph to the right, which of the following would be an example of a potential fission reaction?
A) Uranium - 238 to Plutonium - 244 B) Carbon - 14 to Oxygen - 16
C) Iron - 56 to Nickel - 60 D) Plutonium - 245 to Lutetium – 175
33) When this happens neutrons are crashing into nuclei and breaking out more neutrons that collide with other nuclei:
