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Abstract— Wireless sensor networks are rapidly gaining popularity so as to cater to the requirements of different applications. This system unifies various home appliances, smart sensors and energy technologies. The smart energy market requires two types of ZigBee networks for device control and energy management. We use IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee to effectively deliver solutions for a energy management and efficiency for home automation. We present the designto evaluate the performance of the home automation users for a network-based smart home energy control. This paper designs smart home energy management descriptions and application environment. Current building control strategies are unable to incorporate occupant level comfort and meet the operation goals. In this, we present a building control strategy that optimizes the tradeoff between meeting user comfort and reduction in operation cost by reducing energy usage. We present an implementation of the proposed approach as an intelligent lighting control strategy that significantly reduces energy cost. Using this we can evaluate the network performance in smart homes.
Index Terms— Energy Management, Home Automation, Smart Home, ZigBee.
I. INTRODUCTION
We present the design of a multi sensing and light control application based smart energy control system for reduced total energy cost. This paper designs smart home device descriptions and standard practices for demand response and load management “Smart Energy” applications needed in a smart energy based residential or light commercial environment. Installation scenarios range from a single home to an entire apartment complex. In this, we briefly survey the existing works for smart home network systems and, based on their main contributions, try to classify them into real implementation system. The following subsections describe the ZigBee devices and approaches of the major tasks based on the capabilities of a control system. Smart home lighting control helps to reduce costs and conserve energy by turning
Manuscript
Ashwini Burkul, Department of E & TC Engineering, S.I.T, Lonavala, Pune,
Prof. S. S. Wagh Department of E & TC Engineering, S.I.T, Lonavala, Pune,
Supriya Bhasale, Department of Computer Engineering, S.I.T, Lonavala, Pune,
off lights when they are not required. Monitoring the activities
performed in a smart home is achieved using wireless sensors embedded within everyday objects forming a WSN. A home
network or home area network (HAN) is a residential local area network (LAN) for communication between digital devices typically deployed in the home. State changes to objects based on human manipulation is captured by the wireless sensors network enabling activity-support services. It provides a very effective and secure way of communication between nodes and base station.
II. SYSTEMDESIGN
A. Scenarios
A ZigBee device is a physical object equipped with a radio. Logically separate functions may be implemented in a single device and as such share the same radio for communication purposes. For example, a temperature sensor and accelerometer could be combined within a single device used for industrial plant monitoring applications [5]. A set of inter-communicating devices implement an application, such as a home automation system. While the PHY, MAC and network layers are used to create and maintain the communication network interconnecting individual ZigBee devices, the application support sub-layer is used to communicate application layer information between devices, such as a light switch commanding a light to turn on or off [5].
Figure1. Comparison of the Power consumption
A number of low power and low cost technologies have evolved to present themselves as enablers of HAN communications. Among these, the prominent technologies
Smart Energy Management System Using
WSN
Ashwini Burkul1, Prof. S. S. Wagh2,Supriya Bhosale3
573 include Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11 (WiFi), Ultra Wide Band
(UWB), IEEE 802.15.4 ZigBee, 6LoWPAN, and so on. HAN communication depends on two important requirements, namely (i) communication latency and (ii) large volume of messages. The ZigBee technology presents itself as a much better candidate for communication in the home area network than the UWB, WiFi, and Bluetooth technologies. ZigBee provides a decent communication range of 10 to 100 meters while maintaining significantly low power requirement (1 to 100 mW) and thereby, lower cost[15].
B. Proposed Implementation
We have developed a smart node that has sensing, processing and networking abilities. It is equipped with a low power microprocessor and a narrow-band RF device that can support physical-layer functionalities of IEEE 802.15.4. It is 40mm x 70mm in size, powered by two 1.5V AA batteries. Three type sensors are included in the smart node: light, temperature, PIR, gas and fire sensors. Although computerized control systems for lights in film and theaters are available as commercial products[7], most current systems only provide actuation and do not exploit sensor data. We believe that it is important to know and use the live light information from light sensors deployed on the set. Real-time data accounts for how characteristics, such as light intensity and color temperature, change over time and deployments due to filament aging, supply voltage variation, changes in fixture position, and color filters. Without real-time measurement of light, it is time-consuming to maintain desired light intensities in certain area across many venues and over long periods. Light intensities and color temperature can be measured accurately by currently available handheld manual light meters.
Figure2. Block diagram ZigBee based wireless sensor network for the monitoring system
C. Binding Management
Bindings are connections between endpoints. An application that the remote control has bindings to all five devices, endpoint 1 of the remote control is bound to endpoint 6 of the main bedroom light, endpoint 8 of the remote control is bound to endpoint 3 of the heating and air-conditioning system, endpoint 4 of the security is bound to endpoint 5 of the security control system, endpoint 2 of the hall light is bound to endpoint 7 of the hall light control system and so forth. To complete the earlier discussion, consider this. Bindings are connections between two endpoints, with each binding supporting a specific application profile, and each
message type is represented by a cluster within that profile. This discussion describes a specific binding management scenario for this specific application. Of course, each application will be different, but a range of binding command are available to facilitate many different scenarios. The most significant benefit with tree routing is its simplicity and its limited use of resources. By having a simple algorithm to determine whether an address is a child or a descendant of a child, or elsewhere on the tree, any router can make a routing decision simply by looking at the destination address. In these cases, a router simply decides to route a packet to one of its children or to its parent. As a result, precious memory resources need not be used to store routing information. Hence, very low cost devices can be deployed without routing capability, but can still participate in any ZigBee compliant network. Building on earlier discussions, this section describes a typical process for developing a new application. Defining and implementing the application profile. The first step is to define the application profile. As part of this exercise, an application profile, along with device definitions are required to meet the specific requirements of the application. As mentioned in the discussion on the ZigBee Cluster Library, where possible this library should be used to leverage existing definitions and code available from the platform provider.
D. Proposed Greedy Algorithm
Greedy algorithms fail to find the globally optimal solution, because they usually do not operate exhaustively on all the data. They can make commitments to certain choices too early which prevent them from finding the best overall solution later. Examples of such greedy algorithms are Kruskal's algorithm and Prim's algorithm for finding minimum spanning trees, Dijkstra's algorithm for finding single-source shortest paths, and the algorithm for finding optimum Huffman trees.
E. ZigBee Technology
ZigBee is a radio frequency (RF) communications standard based on IEEE 802.15.4. The ZigBee coordinator is responsible for creating and maintaining the network. A low cost, simple-to-use remote controller, for the local monitoring and control of devices was developed. Each electronic device in the system is a ZigBee device managed by the coordinator. All communication between devices propagates through the coordinator to the destination device. The wireless nature of ZigBee helps overcome the intrusive installation problem with the existing home automation systems identified earlier. The ZigBee standard theoretically provides 250kbps data rate, and as 40kbps can meet the requirements of most control systems, it is sufficient for controlling most home automation devices. The low installation and running cost offered by ZigBee helps tackle the expensive and complex architecture problems with existing home automation systems, as identified earlier.
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A. PC Master:
Here we making ZigBee based network for environment application .Here we have master and slave structure for the Application .The range of ZigBee is about 30 mtrs .So, the whole area is covered by a single Master slave combination. We have a main PC master terminal which has the VB software on it .The PC master terminal is used to monitor the status of all the slaves which covers the whole area. On VB software we are displaying the monitoring window and control panel. The PC master will continuously request for frames from slaves. The data is displayed on VB software in a abular form. Also we are connecting GSM modem to PC which will send SMS to user using AT commands.
Figure3. Smart Home System Design
B. Collision Avoidance Protocol:
Here we are using a master Request and slave Response protocol .In this system the Master sends the request to the all the slaves. In the request frame the master mentions the slave ID .The request frame is received by all the slaves which are in range .The slave who are in range receive the incoming frame and store it in its internal RAM memory .Then they check for the slave ID .If the incoming slave ID matches with their own slave ID then they Accept the frame and send the parameter back to the master .If the ID does not match then the slave discards the frame. In this way in our project we are using the above mentioned protocol:
In our system we have 1 Master PC terminal. 2 Sub masters 3 Slave Terminals
So in total we have 2 slaves .The idea is of 2 slaves is to cover a wider range with different application. So we are placing 2 slaves which will be placed in such way that they will be always in range of the PC master .The two slaves are under the PC based masters supervision .Therefore the PC master will communicate to the slaves via Wireless ZigBee module.
Slave1:
On slave 1 we have PIR sensor which is used to detect any human presence. If Human Movement is detected then the mains relay Relay1 is turned off which results in energy saving. Also we have Gas and fire sensor. For gas we are using MQ6 sensor and for fire we are using bimetallic strip sensor which gives a pulse when fire is detected. Also we have a smart memory card based security system in which the user has to insert the smart card in the S/C connector. As soon as the smart card is inserted the µC will read the password from memory and compare with the password entered via matrix key board. If both match then access is granted otherwise buzzer is turned ON.
Slave2:
On slave 2 we have IR sensor which is used to detect the person count in the room. If person count is zero then the mains relay relay1 is turned off which results in energy saving. Also we have temperature and light sensor, If there is any movement then according to temperature and light reading the fan and light are controlled.
C. Features of the proposed System
This paper presents a novel, stand alone, low-cost and flexible ZigBee based home automation system. The architecture is designed to reduce the system’s complexity and low power requirement. Hence, the system endeavors not to incorporate complex and expensive components. The system is flexible and scalable, allowing additional home appliances designed by multiple vendors, to be securely and safely added to the home network with the minimum amount of effort. The system allows home owners to monitor and control connected devices in the home. Efficient way for wireless data logging of hazardous applications, less time delays & quick response time.
III. RESULTSANDDISCUSSION
The energy consumption of the system for a week can be shown as table 1. As considering values of the table 1 the energy used for a week by conventional system is more than our smart system and is calculated by considering the human movement. As representation of single room for a week by considering the person count present in a room for a day. The graphical representation can be shown in figure.
Table 1. Single Room Energy Management for a Week Single Room Energy Management for a week
Energy Used in %
Day Conventional Using ZigBee
1 88 86
2 89 87
3 90 88
4 90 88
5 87 86
6 88 86
575 According to figure 4, for a single room the energy
consumption of conventional system is more than the smart energy management system using ZigBee. The graphical representation gives us an idea about energy usage of conventional system and using the ZigBee. The graph can be plotted as energy consumption vs days.
As shown in figure 5, the output can be shown by using VB software. The software output consisting of slave-1 and slave-2 outputs with their readings, set points and the relay status of the operation. The relay status can be shown by red and green light indication. The emergency mobile number also can be given as input used for security purpose. The various parameters can be considered as gas concentration, intruder, fire, temperature and light intensity.
Figure 4. Single Room Energy Management
Figure 5. Output on VB Software
IV. CONCLUSION
In this paper, smart control system based on wireless sensor networks to make home area networks more intelligent and energy efficient. We suggest new ubiquitous home scenarios based on the proposed system. We expect that our work contributes towards the development of energy
savings. A smart home control system can provide both significant cost savings in a home network for the home automation. Removing the wires from the lighting controls provides additional significant savings in installation of wiring cost. In short, these systems save money and make good sense. Efficient way for wireless data logging of hazardous applications, less time delays & quick response time. A novel architecture for a proposed system is implemented, using the relatively new communication technology ZigBee. The use of ZigBee communications technology helps lower the expense of the system and the intrusiveness of the respective system installation. The incorporation of the virtual home concept coordinates the systems security and safety efforts in a clear and consistent manor. As a part of future work, we will apply IEEE 802.15.4 a standard technology in our home network systems to support location services. Advanced energy management systems will eventually become common in residential and commercial buildings because occupant behaviors have a significant impact on the total energy consumption. Our prototype system achieved an energy savings of 6% - 10% by implementing a relatively simple control policy.
V. FUTURE WORK
The future developments in sensor nodes must produce very powerful and cost effective devices, so that they may be used in applications like underwater acoustic sensor system, sensing based cyber physical systems, time critical applications, cognitive sensing and spectrum management, security and privacy management. This also describes the research challenges for WSNs [15].
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