Cover Design Photo source:

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Cover Design

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Foreword

The 2012 Individualised Research Study (IRS) Exhibition cum Presentation showcases research projects of outstanding quality completed by GEP pupils and students in school-based gifted education (SBGE) programmes. The projects reflect our pupils’ diverse range of interests in languages, the humanities and social sciences, mathematics and the various sciences.

Over the last few years, the proportion of GEP pupils selecting IRS for their Individualised Study Options has been rising steadily. It is indeed heartening to observe pupils’ enthusiasm, creativity and perseverance in completing their projects. Of the 74 projects showcased this year, 40 GEP projects are featured at the poster exhibition segment and another 24 in the oral presentation segment. We continue to showcase projects by the secondary students in the SBGE. These 10 projects provide our Primary 6 pupils a glimpse of the type and quality of research work they can aspire to do in secondary school.

Projects in the poster exhibition segment will receive Outstanding and Commendation awards while those in the oral presentation segment will receive either Gold, Silver or Bronze awards in recognition of their excellent achievement. In addition, the full reports of Gold and Outstanding award projects will be published to reinforce and promote good research practices. The publication will be distributed to the primary GEP centres and SBGE schools.

We acknowledge that all these pupils’ achievements would not have been possible without the support and dedication of the teacher-mentors who have

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painstakingly guided their pupils. Such support and dedication are essential for the successful implementation of interest-based inquiry, which provides much needed impetus for research education. I take this opportunity to stress that all the work done in IRS contributes in a crucial way to equipping our pupils with 21st century competencies.

We hope the exhibition will inspire all participants to continue to explore the exciting possibilities of interest-based inquiry as they become increasingly autonomous learners.

Dr Tan Bee Geok

Deputy Director/Gifted Education

Curriculum Planning & Development Division Ministry of Education

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Friday, 2 November 2012

Morning Sessions: 8.30 am – 12.15 pm Afternoon Sessions: 1.00 pm – 4.45 pm

GROUP TIME ACTIVITY VENUE SCHOOL

A 8.30 – 8.50 Arrival LT-E5 ACS(P)

NHPS

8.50 – 9.00 Briefing LT-E5

9.00 – 10.30 Oral Presentation LT-E5

10.30 – 11.00 Tea Break Outside Agora Hall 11.00 – 12.15 Gallery Walk Agora Hall 1

B 8.30 – 8.50 Arrival Agora Hall 1 RGPS

RS 8.50 – 9.00 Briefing Agora Hall 1

9.00 – 10.15 Gallery Walk Agora Hall 1 10.15 – 10.45 Tea Break Outside LT-E5 10.45 – 12.15 Oral Presentation LT-E5

C 13.00 – 13.20 Arrival LT-E5 CHS(P)

HPPS TNS 13.20 – 13.30 Briefing LT-E5

13.30 – 15.00 Oral Presentation LT-E5

15.00 – 15.30 Tea Break Outside Agora Hall 15.30 – 16.45 Gallery Walk Agora Hall 1

D 13.00 – 13.20 Arrival Agora Hall 1 SHPS NYPS 13.20 – 13.30 Briefing Agora Hall 1

13.30 – 14.45 Gallery Walk Agora Hall 1 14.45 – 15.15 Tea Break Outside LT-E5 15.15 – 16.45 Oral Presentation LT-E5

E 13.30 – 13.50 Arrival LRW 4A SBGE/IP Schools & P6 pupils from GEP Primary Schools 13.50 – 14.00 Briefing LRW 4A 14.00 – 15.30 Oral Presentation LRW 4A

15.30 – 16.30 Tea Break and Exhibition LT-E5 and Agora Hall

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PRIMARY PROJECT ORAL PRESENTATIONS VENUE: LT-E5

SESSION/ TIME

SCHOOL PROJECT PRESENTER(S)

A

9.00 - 10.30

ACS(P) SINGAPORE MRT COMMUTERS’ CONCERNS

Khor Eng Yeow

ACS(P) ROAD SAFETY ALONG RIVER VALLEY ROAD: SPEEDING VEHICLES

Wong Yu An

NHPS WHAT IS THE BEST COOKING METHOD TO RETAIN VITAMIN C IN CAPSICUMS?

 Teo Zhe Rong  Soepadmo

Jonathan Widjaya  Cheng Puhua NHPS HOW CLEAN ARE YOUR WATER

BOTTLES

Ang Tze Yong Nicholas NHPS NITRITE IN COOKED VEGETABLE

SOUP

 Loh Zhi Qin  Chia Jia Nuo

Daniel NYPS ARE P5 META LEFT-HANDERS

BETTER THAN RIGHT-HANDERS AT SPORTS?

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B

10.45 -12.15

RGPS RAISING AWARENESS FOR PARENTS WITH AN AUTISTIC CHILD ON THE NEED FOR EARLY INTERVENTION PROGRAMMES

Charlotte Ng Si Min

RGPS WHICH TYPE OF FERTILISER IS BEST FOR PLANT GROWTH?

Chia Kai Zhen

RGPS ADHESIVENESS OF PLASTERS ON JOINTS AND SWEATY SKIN SURFACES

Joellene Yap Yu Ean

RS DOES MIND MAPPING HELP STUDENTS TO DO BETTER IN SCIENCE?

Koh Kai Yen Amanda

RS WHAT DO P5 GEP PUPILS IN ROSYTH SCHOOL THINK OF THE CONTROVERSIAL ACTIONS BY QIN SHI HUANG?

Li Ming Yang

NYPS DOES SPENDING MORE THAN TWO HOURS IN ONE WEEK ON MATH ENRICHMENT LESSONS OR TUITION HELP IN GETTING HIGHER MARKS IN MATH?

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C

13.30 - 15.00

CHS(P) SHOULD CATHOLIC HIGH SCHOOL (PRIMARY) HAVE SOCCER CCA?

Ryan Ng Kai Kiat

CHS(P) WHAT ARE PUPILS’ OPINIONS ABOUT FACEBOOK AND THE AGE-LIMIT CLAUSE? WHAT ASPECT OF FACEBOOK APPEALS TO PUPILS?

Zhang Ke Wei

HPPS CONTROLLING FLATULENCE THROUGH THE INTAKE OF FOOD

Kaw Jun Rei Dylan

HPPS LEFT-HANDED PEOPLE – HOW MUCH DOES THE GENERAL PUBLIC KNOW ABOUT US?

Lau Ka Keong Andrew

TNS EXPANDING LIFE SPAN OF BATTERIES

Ada Lum Yueh Khay

TNS WHY PRIMARY 1 PUPILS CARRY HEAVY SCHOOL BAGS?

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D

15.15 -16.45

TNS COMPARISON OF RATE OF LOSS OF VITAMIN C IN FRUITS AFTER BEING CUT AND STORED IN THE REFRIGERATOR

Victor Loh Wai Kit

SHPS EFFECT OF LED LIGHT ON GROWING PLANTS

 Brandon Chew Guan Wei  Ifran Ahmad SHPS THE IMPORTANCE OF BEING

FINANCIALLY LITERATE

Jonah Lo Zhu Ern

NYPS THE DIRTIEST PLACE IN THE CANTEEN OF NANYANG PRIMARY SCHOOL

Lum Lap Hoi Aaron

SHPS HOW TO BE A GOOD SIBLING Sean Woon Yukai SHPS WHAT DOES DINNER TIME

MEAN TO PARENTS AND CHILDREN OF TODAY?

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SECONDARY PROJECT ORAL PRESENTATIONS VENUE: LRW 4A

SESSION/ TIME

SCHOOL PROJECT PRESENTER(S)

E

1400 – 1530h

ACSI SELF- REPORTED EFFECTS OF SHORT TERM SLEEP DEPRIVATION IN ACS(I) STUDENTS

Aaron Goh Qi Yang

DHS DEVELOPING ON EXISTING VERTICAL FARMING

TECHNOLOGY TO REDUCE CARBON EMISSIONS

 Gan Jia Hui Nicole  Jamie Ng Lee Shuen  Huang Shin Yi HCI (High School) EFFECT OF PERMEABILITY OF FOOD WASTE ON THE LEACHING OF BPA UNDER DIFFERENT

TEMPERATURES

 Tan Ze Xi Jesse  Tan Yuan Sheng

Winston  Li Wong Kin NYGH 调查新加坡青少年对社

区服务活动的态度

 Lai Ying Ru Vivian  Ng Qi Juan

 Ong Xin Yi  Yap Yun Ting  Puah Wei Lin RGSS TREATING WATER WASTE

WITH ALGAE

 Huang Ruixue Louisa

 Tan Yi Yin  Yak Jie Min

Jasmine RI AN INVESTIGATION INTO

THE FEASIBILITY FOR MAGNETS TO REPLACE INORGANIC FERTILIZERS

 Pranav J Varma  Jatinder Singh Kler  Liu Jia Lin

 Randall Loh Jun Heng

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1 _{HUAY KUANS: ITS RELEVANCE IN SOCIETY TODAY}

Poster S10

CHNG MAN MAN

ANGLO-CHINESE SCHOOL (PRIMARY)

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MS MOK PEI TERK

The need for mutual support, protection and collective cultural needs amongst the early Singapore migrants resulted in the emergence of clan associations or Huay Kuans (会馆). The aim of the project was to find out how “Huay Kuans” came about and if they were under threat of becoming irrelevant. A survey was used to collate opinions from various members and non-members. It seems that the most important reason for someone to be a member is to allow their children to be affiliated to the various primary schools associated with the clan. Huay Kuans also contribute to preserving the heritage of the various cultures and dialects. Thus, the perception is that Huay Kuans will evolve with the needs of today’s changing society.

2 _{EYE CARE HABITS: DEGREE OF AWARENESS AND PRACTICE}

Poster

S3 J

AMES HONG

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MS HANNI HO

All around Asia, myopia has been extremely common, with Singapore having one of the highest rates of myopia in Asia. Almost 80% of Singaporeans are myopic. The aim of the project was to find out the eye care habits that myopic P4 GEP pupils are least aware of and are those most ignored. A survey was used to poll responses since it was more difficult to observe the habits in action. The results showed that the majority of pupils surveyed were aware of good eye care habits. However, an alarming rate, almost one-third of the sample size, did not practise good eye care habits.

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14 NO. _ABSTRACT

3 _{SINGAPORE MRT COMMUTERS’ CONCERNS}

Oral LT-E5 K

HOR ENG YEOW

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MR CHAN SUM POH

The MRT is a very important mode of public transport. However, recent breakdown and disruption of train services have greatly inconvenienced commuters and raised concerns about the quality of the MRT system in Singapore. The aim of the project was to find out which areas command the highest level of concern among commuters. A survey was used to gather data on the commuters’ point of view about areas such as breakdowns/disruptions, waiting time, safety/security, noise level, seat availability at station, seat availability on train, number of retail services at stations, signage clarity, handicapped services/facilities, fare price and operating hours. It seems that the area of greatest concern is breakdowns/disruptions and commuters prefer a reduction in incidents while the criterion of waiting time received the highest satisfaction rating.

4 _{BACTERIA INFECTION IN EYE-DROPS AFTER 28 DAYS?}

Poster

S1 M

ATTHEW CHIA

It is the recommended pharmaceutical practice that medication for treating conditions such as eye or oral infection be discarded a month from the date of first usage due to fear of contamination. The aim of the project was to find out how long eye drops can be kept in a home environment before contamination sets in. The selected method for data collection is to conduct a series of scientific testing for bacterial growth. It has been discovered that there was no significant bacterial growth in any of the eye drop bottles after 8 weeks.

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15 NO. _ABSTRACT

5 _{ROAD SAFETY ALONG RIVER VALLEY ROAD: SPEEDING VEHICLES}

Oral

LT-E5 W

ONG YU AN

It has been observed that many drivers tend to speed along a particular stretch of River Valley Road. Many pedestrians were often spotted jay-walking across a 4-lane road despite heavy traffic and the availability of a nearby overhead bridge. The aim of the project was to study the situation of road safety between River Valley Close and Kim Seng Road. Field observation was carried out on the bridge on different days for an hour over a 4-week period. It was noted that at least 75% of the 509 vehicles observed drove above the speed limit of 50km/h. The category of vehicles which travel above the legal limit was the highest for motorcycles, followed by taxies and then cars. 6

Poster S2

CHOOSING THE RIGHT INK-BASED PEN THAT DOES NOT BLEED THROUGH CORRECTION TAPE!

_B_RANDON_L_AU_K_OON_C_HUN

CATHOLIC HIGH SCHOOL (PRIMARY)

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MDM MUNAWARRAH

A 2011 IRS project showed that ink bleeding through correction tape can interfere with examiners’ understanding of pupils’ written work. The aim of this project is to find out the best types of pens that do not bleed through correction tape. This project will allow pupils to select, based on price and amount (intensity) of bleeding through correction tape and the best types of pen to avoid this problem. Through surveys and experiments conducted, Brands B, D and F, were found to be the pens with the least ink bleeding. The pens cost between $1.50 and $2.15. Common characteristics of these pens also include their ability to write well, provide good grip and long ink usage.

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16 NO. _ABSTRACT

7 Poster S1

DOES READING MORE NARRATIVE (FIRST OR THIRD PERSON) BOOKS INFLUENCE THE ENGLISH CT1 EXAM SCORES?

EVAN MOK YIU HEI

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MR TAN MUN SING AND MR RYAN LEE

Many websites have claimed that when one reads more, there is a positive impact on readers’ text analysis and writing skills. The aim of the project was to find out if there is any correlation between reading and writing. A survey was conducted on 50 P5 GEP students in Catholic High School (Primary). The results of the study showed that there was indeed a correlation between writing skills, measured by exam scores, and reading.

8 Poster S2

ARE HOMEMADE PESTICIDES MORE EFFECTIVE THAN COMMERCIAL PESTICIDES ON PLANT GROWTH AND THE REPULSION OF PESTS? PUAR KIAT WIN

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MRS ADRIANNA CHEW

The aim of the project was to find out if homemade pesticides are more effective in repelling pests and improving plant growth than commercial pesticides. The homemade pesticides used were extracted from Chrysanthemum, Coffee, Jasmine Green Tea, and Onion and Garlic respectively. A commercial pesticide was used for comparison. The pesticides were sprayed on Portulaca plants once a week. The number of mealy bugs on the plants was counted and the height of the plants was measured. Based on the results of the experiment, it appeared that using Jasmine Green Tea as a pesticide is a good choice as it promotes plant growth and repels pests effectively.

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17 NO. _ABSTRACT

9 _{SHOULD CATHOLIC HIGH SCHOOL (PRIMARY) HAVE SOCCER CCA?}

Oral LT-E5 R

YAN NG KAI KIAT

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MS THUM CHUAY LIN

Despite the large number of students playing soccer everyday in Catholic High School (Primary) (CHSP) and the immense popularity of the sport, the school does not offer soccer as a CCA. The aim of the project was to find out whether CHSP should offer soccer as CCA. 136 CHSP pupils were surveyed and interviews conducted with a soccer coach, CHSP’s head of department for CCA (Ms Ng) and principal. The students surveyed want soccer to be offered as a CCA while on the other hand, Ms Ng and the principal are opposed to the idea.

10 _{STRESS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL GEP STUDENTS}

Poster S3

YEO CHEN TONG

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MS THUM CHUAY LIN

It seems that the education environment is getting more stressful for students. There are many possible reasons why school life is getting more stressful. The aim of the project was to find out the causes and effects of stress among Primary 4 and 5 GEP students. A survey was conducted on 100 pupils from Catholic High School, Nanyang Primary School and Raffles Girls’ Primary School. One finding indicates that GEP students tend to associate their feelings of stress with daily homework. Another finding showed that when under stress, most GEP students tend to lose their temper. This is valuable information as this may help to assist schools in making the process of learning less stressful.

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18 NO. _ABSTRACT

11 _{THE FACEBOOK INFLUENCE}

Oral LT-E5 Z

HANG KE WEI

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MDM MUNAWARRAH

Even though Facebook is a very useful tool for communication, there is an age-limit clause which blocks access to it for Primary school pupils. The purpose of this is to ensure children’s safety and privacy online. The aim of this project was to find out what makes Facebook appealing and gather the perception of pupils under the age of 13 on the age-limit clause set by Facebook. A survey conducted with 41 CHSP P5 pupils and 33 RGPS P5 pupils showed that most pupils found Facebook appealing as a social networking tool. They also felt that the age-limit clause is ineffective in restricting access for people under the age of 13. The end-product of this research is a proposed design for an alternative social networking platform for pupils under the age of 13.

12 Poster S2

THE EFFECTS OF CONSUMING RED WINE ON ONE’S LOOKS AND HEALTH

CHRISTIE SOO

HENRY PARK PRIMARY SCHOOL

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MR PAUL TEO CHOON BOH

This project examines the effects of consuming red wine on the looks and health of a specific subject. For a period of 4 years, the subject has been drinking red wine on a regular basis with no major change in exercise schedule, sleep pattern and work hours. It has been observed, through comparing photographs of the subject before and after the experiment, that the subject does appear more youthful. A medical report, done by the army, shows that the subject is able to maintain good health, for example, good cholesterol level despite his age. This shows that red wine has a positive effect on the subject’s health. It can be concluded that red wine positively affects the looks and health of a person.

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19 NO. _ABSTRACT

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Poster HOW CAN THE GOVERNMENT IN SINGAPORE BETTER INTEGRATE EX-_{OFFENDERS BACK INTO THE SOCIETY?} S5 _I_BNU_T_AIMIYYAH_B_A_DAM

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MR YIP YEW FEI

It is shocking that some Singaporeans shun and avoid ex-offenders when they are trying to get jobs. This makes it harder for ex-offenders to reintegrate themselves into society. The aim of the project was to find out how to better integrate ex-offenders back into society in Singapore. Based on the interview with an organisation that helps ex-offenders and the review of the efforts made in other countries, it is felt that Singapore’s approach in helping ex-offenders reintegrate into society could be improved.

14 _{CONTROLLING FLATULENCE THROUGH THE INTAKE OF FOOD}

Oral LT-E5 K

AW JUN REI DYLAN

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MR YIP YEW FEI

Many people do not want to embarrass themselves at important meetings or in front of their families, friends and colleagues because of farting due to flatulence. The aim of this project was to find out how to control flatulence through the intake of food. An experiment was conducted and it was found that cabbage, baked beans and onions increased the average number of farts per day; baked beans being the most. It was concluded that if one has an important meeting after a meal, one should avoid eating cabbage, baked beans or onions to avoid embarrassing oneself in front of one’s family, friends and colleagues.

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20 NO. _ABSTRACT

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Oral LEFT-HANDED PEOPLE – HOW MUCH DOES THE GENERAL PUBLIC _{KNOW ABOUT US?} LT-E5 _L_AU_K_A_K_EONG_,_A_NDREW

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MR PAUL TEO CHOON BOH

It is generally believed that people who are left-handed are different from those who are right-handed. The aim of the project was to find out the general public’s level of awareness on the topic of left-handers. A survey was conducted with 38 primary pupils and 28 working adults on the extent of their knowledge of left-handers. The survey showed that both left-handers and right-handers have comparable level of knowledge and understanding of people who are left-handed.

16 _{WET WIPES – WHICH IS THE BEST BRAND?}

Poster

S4 L

IM YONG HENG XAVIER

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MRS CHONG KHIM LING

There are many different brands of wet wipes in the market. As such, consumers may not know which the best brand is. This study compared 5 brands of wet wipes so as to find out which was the best in terms of quality, price, size and absorbency. Experiments were conducted on the 5 brands and points were awarded according to how they fare against 4 properties. Brand C and Brand D were awarded the highest total points indicating that these two brands were the best overall in the study. The results would hopefully be helpful to users of wet wipes.

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21 NO. _ABSTRACT

17 _{HOW CLEAN ARE YOUR WATER BOTTLES?}

Oral LT-E5 A

NG TZE YONG,NICHOLAS

NAN HUA PRIMARY SCHOOL

TEACHER-SUPERVISORS:MDM TAN AI FOON AND MS ALICE TENG RUI CHIN

Water bottles are commonly used in Singapore. However, very few people actually wash their water bottles thoroughly. The aim of this project was to investigate (a) how the frequency of washing affects the cleanliness of water bottles; (b) what is the best method of washing water bottles. An experimental study was conducted to investigate the above. The procedure consists of 3 broad steps: (1) drinking from and washing experimental bottles; (2) collection of water samples and plating of samples; (3) observing and analysing results. The results showed that more frequent washing of water bottles helps to lower the bacterial count and that scrubbing is the best method of washing water bottles.

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Poster VINEGAR WITH BAKING SODA VERSUS LEMON JUICE IN BAKING _{SODA IN REMOVING STAINS ON CLOTHES} S2 _C_ELINE_V_IEN_A_{NDRIANA AND}_N_ICOLE_L_IM

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MRS MICHELLE TAN

Chemical detergents are often used to remove stains on clothes. However, these detergents are often environmentally unfriendly. The aim of the project was to find out if lemon juice with baking soda or vinegar with baking soda is better in removing stains. Through conducting experiments on cotton and cotton polyester cloths, the results showed that both the vinegar with baking soda concoction and lemon juice with baking soda were effective in removing stains. However, when compared against each other, vinegar with baking soda was more effective. In conclusion, both concoctions provide a more eco-friendly alternative to chemical detergents readily available in the market.

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22 NO. _ABSTRACT

19 _{PROMOTING RECYCLING IN NAN HUA PRIMARY SCHOOL}

Poster

S3 H

UANG QIYUN AND VOON YUEQI

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MDM NG LI-HWANG

It has been observed that some recycling bins, especially those placed at the side of a staircase in the school, are often under utilised. The aim of the project was to find out the recycling habits of pupils in the school and suitable sites where the recycling bins should be placed. A survey on 85 pupils in NHPS was conducted. The results showed that many pupils do recycle while those who don’t claimed that they are too lazy to do so. The findings of this research reveal pupils’ recycling habits. Possible ways to motivate them to recycle and the best placements of recycling bins around the school compound are suggested.

20 _{E(ELECTRONIC) OR PRINTED; FACTS OR FICTION}

Poster S10 L

I CHU WEI AND BEH CHU SENG NATHANAEL

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MDM NG LI HWANG

When you pick up a book, or click on an E-book, to glance at its contents, have you ever wondered if the fact that it is paperback, hardcover or E-book, fiction or non-fiction will affect your choice? This research finds out responses to these questions from Nan Hua Primary 5 TAG and mainstream pupils. The objective was to help Nan Hua's newly-opened library attract more readers with the types of books it can offer. The study may also explain the closing down of bookshops like "Borders". Through survey and field study in the library, results showed that pupils preferred fiction books, with the TAG and mainstream pupils preferring paperback and hardcover respectively, and Borders’ closing down might not be directly caused by the E-trend.

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23 NO. _ABSTRACT

21 _{NITRITES IN COOKED VEGETABLE SOUP}

Oral LT-E5 L

OH ZHI QIN AND CHIA JIA NUO DANIEL

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MRS MICHELLE TAN

It is common practice that leftovers from meals are kept overnight to be consumed the following day. However, cooked vegetable soups which are left overnight may result in the formation of nitrites, decomposed from the nitrates which are abundant in the vegetables and which are harmful to humans. The aim of the project was to find out how long vegetable soups (Radish, Chinese Cabbage, Mustard Green) can be left overnight and still be consumed safely and if refrigeration slows the decomposing process. Results showed that Mustard Green soup grows more nitrites than the other vegetable soups and all soups can be kept longer if refrigerated.

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Oral WHAT IS THE BEST COOKING METHOD TO RETAIN VITAMIN C IN _CAPSICUMS? LT-E5 _T_EO_Z_HE_R_ONG_,_S_OEPADMO_J_ONATHAN_W_{IDJAYA AND}_C_HENG_P_UHUA

TEACHER-SUPERVISORS:MDM TAN AI FOON AND MS ALICE TENG RUI CHIN

One common misconception is that eating two servings of vegetables a day is healthy regardless of the cooking method used in the preparation process even though much of the nutrition is usually lost during cooking. Another is that deep frying is the most unhealthy method of cooking. The aim of the project was to find out the best cooking method for capsicums that will retain the most amount of Vitamin C in them. Experiments on the capsicums, cooked in 7 different ways, were conducted and tested for Vitamin C using an iodine titration method. Surprisingly, the results showed that deep frying is the best cooking method to retain Vitamin C in capsicums, while oven grilling is the worst.

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24 NO. _ABSTRACT

23 _{PLASTIC RE-SEALABLE BAGS}

Poster

S2 Y

AP KANG REN GABRIEL AND GOH ZHI JIE

TEACHER-SUPERVISORS: MS ALICE TENG RUI CHIN AND MDM TAN AI FOON

Re-sealable plastic bags are popular with consumers because they offer advantages over other types of packages for storage. The aim of the project was to determine the brand of re-sealable plastic bag that will maintain crispiness for the longest time and help consumers make a better choice on their purchase. Five brands of re-sealable bags, Brand A, B, C, D, and E were selected based on a survey. Two potato chips were placed into 5 labelled re-sealable bags of each brand. They were opened on days 1 to 5. The crispness of the chips was tested by breaking and tasting them. We found out that certain brands of re-sealable plastic bags maintained crispness longer than others.

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Poster DO THE GEP PREPARATORY CLASSES ENSURE ADMISSION INTO THE _{GIFTED EDUCATION PROGRAMME?} S8 _D_ANIEL_T_OH_Z_HAN_H_ONG

NANYANG PRIMARY SCHOOL

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MRS CATHERINE LOW

The aim of this project was to find out whether GEP preparatory classes ensure admission into the GEP in Singapore. Some parents are willing to pay from $500 to $2000 for their children to go for the GEP preparatory classes conducted by enrichment schools in order to “ensure” their children’s admission into the GEP. A survey was conducted with 51 non-GEP pupils and 77 GEP pupils to find out the success rate in their admission into the Gifted Education Programme. The results of the survey showed that there was no significant difference between the pupils who had gone for GEP preparatory classes and those who did not.

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25 NO. _ABSTRACT

25 _{WHICH SHOE SOLE PATTERN BEST PREVENTS FALLS?}

Poster

S7 J

ERON LIAW XUAN JUN

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MR TEO WEE TOON

People usually slip and fall because they may be wearing shoes with sole patterns that do not have enough friction. The aim of this project was to find out which sole pattern has the most friction and hence, can best prevent falls. An experiment was conducted to study 5 common sole patterns by measuring the angles of inclination at which shoes with each pattern lost grip and slid down an inclined surface. The results show that the crisscross sole pattern best prevents falls.

26 _{SHOULD THERE BE ANOTHER THEME PARK IN SINGAPORE?}

Poster

S3 K

OH RUI MING JONATHAN

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MS YEO AI HO SERENE

Theme parks are re-interpretations of books, films, video games and websites. They are a form of family entertainment attracting many visitors, both local and tourists. The aim of the study was to show if there is a demand for another theme park in Singapore, and whether another theme park would make Singapore even more attractive as a tourist destination. A survey conducted with 80 people shows a demand for a theme park that caters to children’s needs and their preferences. The theme park is recommended to be located in Sentosa, Woodlands or Jurong, and perhaps as part of a shopping centre in Singapore.

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26 NO. _ABSTRACT

27 _{WHAT DOES DINNER TIME MEAN TO YOU?}

Oral LT-E5 L

IM ZINN-E

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MS CHEE SOW HAR

In the present society, state-of-the-art electronic gadgets dominate the life of most individuals. These gizmos, together with other forms of entertainment, have made their way to the dinner table. The aim of this project is to investigate what dinner time means to the parents and children in today’s day and age. Through interviews with 5 adults and 5 children, it was found that both adults and children agree on the importance of dinner time as family bonding time. However, most youngsters interviewed feel that there should be more flexibility in allowing books, electronic gadgets and other forms of entertainment during dinner time.

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Poster WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF SOYA BEAN LEFTOVERS USED AS _{FERTILISERS ON THE YIELD AND GROWTH OF PLANTS?} S7 _L_IN_J_IA_X_IN

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR: MRS NG LIH PYNG

Many people use inorganic fertilisers to improve plant growth. However, some plants react adversely to inorganic fertilisers. The aim of this study was to find out whether soya bean leftovers can be used as an alternative to inorganic fertilisers to improve plant growth. Through conducting an experimental study with 2 pots of money plants, it seems that soya bean leftovers do help to improve plant growth.

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27 NO. _ABSTRACT

29 Oral LT-E5

DOES SPENDING MORE THAN TWO HOURS IN ONE WEEK ON MATH ENRICHMENT LESSONS/TUITION HELP IN GETTING HIGHER MARKS IN MATHS?

LOH YIH HANG

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MRS CATHERINE LOW

Many students often complain about going for tuition and it was not known if spending more time on tuition actually improves their results. The aim of the project was to find out if spending more than 2 hours in one week on Math tuition improves Math results. Through a survey of 75 P5 NYPS GEP students, it was found that spending more than 2 hours in one week on Math tuition does not necessarily improve Math results. Furthermore, it was also found that students taking tuition, on average, do not score better than those who do not. 30

Oral THE DIRTIEST PLACE IN THE CANTEEN OF NANYANG PRIMARY _SCHOOL LT-E5 _L_UM_L_AP_H_OI_A_ARON

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MS SERENE YEO

It is worrying that The Straits Times has reported food poisoning incidents in preschools and schools recently. The aim of the project was to find out the most unhygienic place in the canteen of Nanyang Primary School (NYPS) so as to educate and enhance awareness of proper hygienic practices amongst NYPS pupils. A survey of 130 pupils was carried out to find out what they perceived as the dirtiest place in the canteen. An experiment that involved swabbing of places perceived to be the dirtiest was carried out. Samples collected were brought to the laboratory for analysis and the results showed that the place with highest bacterial count was the piano. In fact, about half of the pupils perceived the piano as the cleanest and no one had indicated the piano as the dirtiest place.

(28)

28 NO. _ABSTRACT

31 _{HOW DO CHILDREN KEEP UP WITH CURRENT AFFAIRS NOWADAYS?}

Poster

S6 N

ICOLE CHAN YANRONG

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MR MOHAMAD SAPIEE BIN MOHAMAD SABAR

The Internet is widely known to be a purveyor of both fact and fiction. With declining newspaper readership and subsequent increase of Internet usage today, it is worrying that students may not be getting accurate facts and information for better decision-making. The aims of the project were to find out if NYPS Multiple Enrichment Teaching Approaches (META) pupils are keeping abreast with current affairs and to find out the type of media they relied on to do so. Through a survey of 51 NYPS META pupils, it is found that pupils do indeed keep themselves updated on current affairs and that the newspaper is the main media used by these pupils.

32

Oral ARE P5 META LEFT-HANDERS BETTER THAN RIGHT-HANDERS AT _SPORTS? LT-E5 _O_LIVIA_L_EE_Y_U_-Y_EN

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MRS SHARON NATHAN

Many people do sports to keep themselves fit and healthy, but their athletic abilities may also depend on their handedness. Guy Azemar, a neuroscientist, has reported that left-handers are better than right-handers at sports that require rapid reactions and good spatial judgement. Many scientists agree with his findings. However, some say this is not true, as some of the highest ranked athletes are right-handers. The aim of this project was to find out whether P5 META left-handers are better than right-handers at sports. My findings can also help identify and improve the fitness of the children who are less active. Through conducting a survey, it seems that left-handers are better than right-handers at sports, and right-handers do sports less frequently.

(29)

29 NO. _ABSTRACT

33

Poster THE EFFECT OF THE ORIENTATION OF SEEDS ON SPEED OF _GERMINATION S4 _P_AN_Y_IHENG

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR: MRS NG-CHIANG LIH PYNG

At the bean sprout factories, the bean seeds are sowed at a random orientation that might not be the most efficient way for their growth. Some of the seeds germinate slower than others, resulting in different growth rates. The aim of the experiment is to find out how the orientation of a seed affects the speed of its germination. An experimental study on 4 different types of seeds showed that arranging the seeds sideways and downwards are the 2 best orientations to grow seeds faster.

34 _{HOW TO BE A GOOD SIBLING?}

Oral LT-E5 S

EAN WOON YUKAI

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MR.TEO WEE TOON

The aim of this project is to find out how we can improve sibling relationships of Primary 5 students. It has been observed that many students have problems getting along with their siblings. Through the survey of 50 Primary 5 pupils in Nanyang Primary School, it is found that only half of the respondents’ sibling relationships are good. The survey also seeks to find out the values and behaviours expected from a good sibling relationship. The end-product of this research is a list of recommended actions and values that students should adopt in order to have a better relationship with their siblings.

(30)

30 NO. _ABSTRACT

35 Poster S3

HOW TO ENCOURAGE PRIMARY FIVE GIFTED EDUCATION

PROGRAMME (GEP) STUDENTS WHO DISLIKE READING, TO READ BOOKS?

TAN LUN HAO DANIEL

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MR RAYMOND WENG

In general, the majority of Primary 5 GEP pupils are avid readers and enjoy reading. However, there are some of them who display little interest towards reading. The aim of the project was to find out what can be done to encourage P5 GEP pupils who dislike reading, to start reading books. A survey was conducted amongst the 100 Primary 5 GEP students in Nanyang Primary School. Through the survey, it was discovered that the highly recommended methods to get more pupils to read books include setting a point reward system for the number of books read or adding the titles of certain popular books like the Harry Potter series and The Hunger Games to the library along with the genres of Mystery and Comics.

36

Poster DO PRIMARY 5 META STUDENTS IN NANYANG PRIMARY SCHOOL GET _{ENOUGH EXERCISE?} S6 _T_AI_F_U_H_ONG_Z_ACHARY

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MRS SHARON NATHAN

Health Authorities worldwide recommend that children should get at least 60 minutes of physical activity 5 days a week. These activities should be a mix of exercises that strengthen the body’s heart and lungs, muscles and bones. The aim of the project was to find out if the Primary 5 META students at Nanyang Primary School obtain the required amount of exercise. Through conducting a survey of 66 students, it was found that the majority of the children meet the required hours. However, Physical Education lessons in school are an important contributor. Therefore, a recommendation is that PE lessons should be conducted for at least 30 minutes daily, and be structured to include exercises to help achieve aerobic fitness, and for muscle and bone strengthening.

(31)

31 NO. _ABSTRACT

37 Poster S2

DO PLANTS GROW BETTER IN OTHER SOLUTIONS BESIDES WATER SUCH AS COCA COLA, RIBENA, RICE WATER, SHOWER WATER, TEA AND COFFEE?

TAN IZHI

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MR RAYMOND WENG

In Singapore, families often throw away leftover beverages, such as coffee or tea, or waste water from cleaning or washing. The aim of the research was to find out if commonly leftover solutions such as Coca Cola, Ribena, rice water, shower water, coffee and tea are suitable to grow plants. An experiment was carried out to monitor plant growth using selected household solutions. Rice water yielded the best results followed by tea. The other solutions did not result in noticeable plant growth.

38

Poster THE USE OF IPAD IN THE EDUCATION SYSTEM OF NANYANG GIRLS’ _{HIGH SCHOOL} S5 _Z_HAO_J_IAHONG

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MS SERENE YEO AI HO

Many contrasting opinions and concerns have been expressed with regard to the use of IPAD in schools on websites and in newspapers. The aim of the project was to find out the effects of using IPAD in Nanyang Girls’ High School. Through conducting a survey for 90 GEP IPAD users and an interview with the Vice-Principal, it seems that students are in favour of the usage of IPAD as it replaces textbooks, to have a “teacher” wherever they go. IPAD enhances their academic performances in class but there is room for improvement. The findings indicate that IPAD improves the academic performances for NYGH IPAD users who exercise self-control. However, it is a distraction when students spend too much time on gaming activities and Facebook on IPAD.

(32)

32 NO. _ABSTRACT

39

Oral RAISING AWARENESS FOR PARENTS WITH AN AUTISTIC CHILD ON _{THE NEED FOR EARLY INTERVENTION PROGRAMMES} LT-E5 _C_HARLOTTE_N_G_S_I_M_IN

RAFFLES GIRLS’PRIMARY SCHOOL

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MDM EE BEE YIAN

Recent research studies have shown that there is an increase in the number of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). For working parents who do not spend enough time with their child, they may overlook signs and symptoms of autism, which, when captured early, can make a great difference on their child’s development. Through interviews with parents of children with ASD and a special needs teacher, it became clear that early intervention programmes and the belief that every child can learn are important. Giving the appropriate help to children with ASD early in their lives will help to integrate them into society more easily too.

40 _{WHICH TYPE OF FERTILISER IS BEST FOR PLANT GROWTH?}

Oral LT-E5

CHIA KAI ZHEN

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MRS ELAINE CHONG

Plants wilt and die even with sunlight, water and air. Fertiliser promotes plant growth. The aim of the project was to find out the type of fertiliser that is best for plant growth. Through a science experiment on balsam plants conducted over a period of 2 weeks, the results revealed that of the 4 types of fertilisers (chemical, homemade, poultry, liquid), chemical fertiliser benefits the balsam plant the most. The plant given chemical fertiliser had the greatest growth in height and the most number of leaves at the end of the experiment. The results will help gardeners and nature-lovers in making their choice for the most effective fertiliser for plant growth.

(33)

33 NO. _ABSTRACT

41

Poster WHAT’S THE LINK BETWEEN MYOPIA & PUPILS’ HABITS AND MYOPIA _{& HEREDITY?} S5 _H_AN_G_ENG_N_ING

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MDM LIM SOK YEN

The population of myopic people in Singapore has been rising over the years. It is a worrying trend. The aim of this study was to find out the correlation between myopia and pupils’ activities as well as the correlation between myopia and heredity. In this study, a survey questionnaire was administered to 40 Primary 5 pupils. The survey results showed that near-work activities and diet have led to a negative impact on eyesight. However, the survey results did not reveal sufficient evidence on the correlation between heredity and myopia. Based on the findings, an eye-care booklet was developed to educate pupils on ways of taking care of their eyesight.

42

Oral ADHESIVENESS OF PLASTERS ON JOINTS AND SWEATY SKIN _SURFACES LT-E5 _J_OELLENE_Y_AP_Y_U_E_AN

Plasters protect wounds from infection; however, it will only be effective if the plasters adhere long enough on our skin to prevent exposure of wounds. The aim of this study was to find out which brand of plasters adheres to the skin best when exposed to water or/and intensive physical activities. A survey was conducted on P5 GEP pupils to find out more about the brands of plasters used by them. A scientific investigation was also carried out on 4 brands of plasters by exposing them to water or/and excessive bending. The findings from the scientific investigation showed that Brand B was the most adhesive when exposed to water or/and excessive bending.

(34)

34 NO. _ABSTRACT

43

Poster WHICH IS THE MOST EFFECTIVE, LEAST RISKY AND MOST _{AFFORDABLE METHOD OF MYOPIA CORRECTION?} S6 _K_OE_C_HUA_J_IA_Y_ING

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MR PHAN WAI MUN

Considering the breakthrough in myopia correction technology and the lifestyle choices available to the myopic people, this study seeks to find the best method to correct one's myopia in terms of effectiveness of correction, risk level and affordability. The methods discussed are Ortho-K, spectacles, contact lenses and Lasik. Through conducting a survey with 51 people, it was found that although the use of spectacles is rated as the most affordable and least risky myopia-correction method, the use of contact lenses is the preferred lifestyle choice. The awareness of the other 2 methods, best in controlling or correcting one’s myopia, is found to be very low. This study will help a myope select an ideal myopia correction method in a shorter time.

44 _{DO P5 RGPS GEP GIRLS EAT HEALTHILY IN THE SCHOOL CANTEEN?}

Poster

S6 P

HUA KAI YI

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MS GOH E-LYNN

A recent newspaper reported that 10% of school children were obese and 75% of them ate unhealthily, a worrying trend as it could lead to health problems in adulthood. The aim of this project was to find out whether P5 RGPS GEP girls eat healthily in the school canteen. This study is important because it will raise awareness in the pupils of their eating choices and help improve their dietary habits. Results from written surveys showed that pupils chose foods based on taste rather than nutritional benefits and hence they were eating unhealthy foods without knowing it. Using these results, a healthy eating plan could be designed for pupils to improve their nutritional intake.

(35)

35 NO. _ABSTRACT

45 _{THE BEST WAY TO STORE STRAWBERRIES IN THE REFRIGERATOR}

Poster

S7 S

HIRLEY CHEE JIAXUAN

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MRS ELAINE CHONG

The price of strawberries is high and they turn bad easily. Consumers may waste money if they do not consume them fast enough. The aim of this project was to find the best way to store strawberries in the refrigerator. Through a science experiment, using different methods of storage, the results showed that the best way to store strawberries in the refrigerator is to wrap them in newspaper. This set-up had the least number of rotten strawberries after being stored in the refrigerator for 2 weeks. The result can help consumers store their strawberries properly so that they can be kept fresh for a longer period of time.

46 _{BEST CONTAINERS FOR STORING CHIPS}

Poster

S7 Y

EO WEN YU REBECCA

Fresh chips often get soggy after they are exposed to the air for a long period of time as they absorb water vapour from the air. The chips are no longer crispy and tasty. This may lead to food wastage. The aim of this project is to find out the best container for storing chips. Through a series of experiments of testing a variety of containers, the most air-tight container was found. People may now choose the best container to store chips or other types of food, allowing them to enjoy their food longer.

(36)

36 NO. _ABSTRACT

47 _{A RESEARCH ON GEP PREPARATORY COURSES}

Poster

S8 A

MANDA AUYONG SZE YEN

ROSYTH SCHOOL

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MR JOSHUA MEYYANPAN

A concern regarding this is: If students go for the course and get in, will they be able to cope? Can they keep up with the challenge? Students who only get in through the course may not be academically able for the Programme. This research looks at GEP Preparatory Courses and how they affect the chances of students getting into the GEP. The source of inspiration for this project was a GEP Preparatory course experience. More and more students are going for GEP courses, and prices of courses are sky-high. The conclusion derived from many rounds of surveys with 207 GEP pupils and an interview with 3 pupils who had attended a GEP preparatory course seems to indicate that the GEP Preparatory Courses may not be all that parents hope they would be.

48 _{DOES MIND MAPPING HELP STUDENTS TO DO BETTER IN SCIENCE?}

Oral LT-E5 K

OH KAI YEN AMANDA

ROSYTH SCHOOL

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MRS DEBBIE LAM

Mind mapping has been proven to work in helping people memorise and remember new information. The aim of the project was to find out if mind mapping helps P5 GE students do better in Science, a subject that many feel is hard to score well for. It was through conducting an experiment on 28 GE students that I have found out mind mapping though not a favoured technique (due to a number of reasons), students who created mind maps outperformed their peers who had the liberty of choosing any techniques they want. Find out the exact details of the research and other research studies that either support or refute my results.

(37)

37 NO. _ABSTRACT

49 Oral LT-E5

WHAT DO P5 GEP PUPILS IN ROSYTH SCHOOL THINK OF THE CONTROVERSIAL ACTIONS BY QIN SHI HUANG?

LI MING YANG

ROSYTH SCHOOL

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MR JOSHUA MEYYANPAN

Qin Shi Huang is both thought by people as a “great” emperor and a “cruel” emperor. Qin Shi Huang is thought as a “great” emperor as he united China after about 300 years of fighting between 7 kingdoms. However, he is also thought as a “cruel” emperor as he killed many innocent people. This research aims to find out whether P5 GEP pupils in Rosyth School approve of the actions done by Qin Shi Huang. Through rating 15 items (things which Qin Shi Huang did), the value systems of these pupils were made obvious. This research showed some interesting, maybe even shocking, results.

50 _{PASTEURIZED MILK – HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE TO SPOIL?}

Poster S7

NG SHANG WEN

ROSYTH SCHOOL

Most old people do not like to waste and when the milk expires, they see that it looks and tastes fine. Thus, they decide to keep the milk. This is a worrying sign as the milk might have already spoiled. The aim of this project was to find out which brand of pasteurized milk (original flavour) will turn bad fastest. Through an experiment with 3 brands of milk, it seemed that none of the milks spoiled even after the expiry date. Despite most of the milks looking seemingly fine, it was still safer to consume the milk before the expiry date.

(38)

38 NO. _ABSTRACT

51 _{BULLYING IN A PRIMARY SCHOOL}

Poster

S5 G

OH LING SHAN RACHEL

ROSYTH SCHOOL

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MRS KOH YONG YONG

Does bullying really happen in school? The aim of the project was to find out the extent of bullying in a school. For this study, a survey and an interview with a School Counsellor were conducted. The survey results show that the majority of the students have either suffered from bullying or have witnessed it. Only a minority of the students have never encountered/witnessed any bullying. The interview with the School Counsellor provided additional insight into the issue of bullying in school.

52 _{WRAPPING OF FRUITS AND TIME TAKEN FOR THE FRUITS TO BE RIPE}

Poster S9

TUNG ZHI YONG IAN

ROSYTH SCHOOL

How long does it take for an ethylene gas-producing fruit to ripen in different kinds of wrapping? The hypothesis is that Ziploc bags would be the best as the ethylene gas produced by the fruits remains in the wrapping. The fruits were wrapped up with aluminium foil, paper, Ziploc, cling wrap and a set-up with no wrapping. The fruits were tasted over a course of 5 days. The aluminium wrapping is the best as the heat is trapped in the wrapping so the temperature inside is warm enough. As for the paper bag wrapping, it is porous so oxygen can go into the wrapping but does not allow ethylene gas particles to leave the bag.

(39)

39 NO. _ABSTRACT

53 _{PREVALENCE OF SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES}

Oral LT-E5 C

HONG ZHI XUAN DILLON

ST HILDA’S PRIMARY SCHOOL

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MR TAN BOON TEE

Social media has become a big part of our life in Singapore and this is particularly true among the younger generation. According to a ComScore report, 94% of Internet users in Singapore are on Social Networking Sites. The aim of this project is to gauge how prevalent the use of Social Networking Sites is among SHPS GEP pupils and whether they are concerned with security and privacy issues. Through the administration of a survey to around 110 GEP pupils, it was found that 89% of them used Social Networking Sites, especially to communicate with friends about work and for social purposes. For example, keeping in touch with their long lost friends. Google + is the most common Social Networking Site that is used followed by Facebook and Twitter. Most of these sites are very concerned about privacy and security issues and are taking the necessary safety precautions to reduce the possible risks encountered online.

54 _{THE CASE OF HOME SCHOOLING}

Poster S1

KEVIN LIM

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MRS ZAHIRA MD SEDIK

Education is important, especially to a country like Singapore. There is this ongoing debate as to the learning or educational experience that will be of most benefit to students. Should they be going to school or home schooled? We often hear about the benefits of being in a school, but not so much about home schooling. This project aims to shed light on the reasons why parents home school their children, on the benefits of home schooling and its impact on learning. Interviews with 2 families who home schooled their children were done for the purpose of this research.

(40)

40 NO. _ABSTRACT

55

Poster THE IMPORTANCE OF BEING FINANCIALLY LITERATE (SPENDING, _SAVING) S10 _J_ONAH_L_O_Z_HU_E_RN

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MRS ZAHIRA MD SEDIK

One of the essential skills of the 21 century is for pupils to be financially literate. That is, to develop good management of money habits such as spending and saving. The aim of the project was to find out pupils’ awareness of money management matters and whether they possess the relevant skills and knowledge. A survey done among 40 Primary 4 GEP pupils in St Hilda’s Primary School revealed that pupils do possess the awareness of the importance of money management skills. However, due to various reasons such as temptation, good money management skills were not consistently applied.

56 _{EFFECT OF LED LIGHT ON GROWING PLANTS}

Oral LT-E5

BRANDON CHEN GUAN JIE AND IFRAN AHMAD

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MR TAN BOON TEE

The use of LED lights is gaining popularity in indoor farming. The aim of the project was to find out whether LED light was better at growing plants than sunlight. An experiment to compare the effect of blue LED light, red LED light and sunlight on the growth of Schizanthus plants was conducted over a month. The results showed that though sunlight was better at ensuring the healthy growth of a plant in terms of the number of leaves, LED lights might be more useful when trying to grow a taller plant or a plant with thicker stem. Based on the results of the experiment, we recommend exposing a Schizanthus plant to different types of light separately at different times of the day to optimise its growth.

(41)

41 NO. _ABSTRACT

57 _{EXPANDING LIFE SPAN OF BATTERIES}

Oral LT-E5 A

DA LUM YUEH KHAY

TAO NAN SCHOOL

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MS LEONG LYE CHING

Many people believe that removing a battery from a device when it is not in use will prolong the lifespan of batteries. The aim of the project was to investigate whether the practice of disconnecting the battery from the load would prolong its lifespan. An experiment was conducted by setting up a circuit with 3 bulbs and an alkaline battery and switching it on and off at 15-minute intervals. In the control set-up, the battery was left in the battery holder when the circuit was switched off. In the experimental set-up, the battery was removed. After 3 hours and 45 minutes, the voltage across the batteries was measured. The voltage in the experimental set up was 0.02V greater than that in the control. Similar tests should be carried out over a longer period of time, to yield more data on the extension of the lifespan of batteries.

58 _{EFFECTS OF CHOICE OF FOOD ON GROWTH OF PLATIES}

Poster

S7 B

RIAN CHEW

TAO NAN SCHOOL

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MS CHARLENE GOH

Many aquarists and fish-breeders believe that feeding platies a diet of brine shrimp combined with fish-food, will help boost their growth in terms of weight and their overall health. However, this has not been proven. The aim of this project was to find out if supplementing the diet of fish-food with brine shrimps (2-3 times a week) improved the growth of the platies. Through conducting an experiment, the study found that platies fed a diet of fish-food combined with brine shrimps (2-3 times a week) grew quicker and gained more weight.

(42)

42 NO. _ABSTRACT

59 _{PRIORITIES OF UPPER PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN SINGAPORE}

Poster

S8 L

YN TAN

TAO NAN SCHOOL

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MS HEIDI TAN

With society’s emphasis on success, one wonders if Singaporeans focus more on personal or academic achievements than family. The aim of the project was to find out the priorities of upper primary school students in Singapore by posing them common dilemma scenarios which they may face every day. How they responded to the dilemmas reflected the priorities they have. A survey of Primary 4 to 6 students in Tao Nan School revealed that in general, family remains the top priority among upper primary school students, followed by friends, academic achievements, personal leisure, and personal achievements or commitments. Surprisingly, 44.7% of the respondents considered personal achievements and commitments their lowest priority!

60 _{EFFECTS OF INSOMNIA ON ADULTS}

Poster

S6 N

IGEL TAN JER KANG

TAO NAN SCHOOL

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MRS VALERIE TAN

Many people suffer from insomnia and often, may not know how to cope with it. The purpose of this project was to find out (i) why people from the age group ‘25 – 55 years’, have insomnia, (ii) how these people manage insomnia, and (iii) if they practise good sleep habits. Results showed that about 71% of the respondents surveyed suffer from insomnia because they are too stressed and about 41% were too preoccupied with issues they had to deal with in their lives. The survey also showed that people felt they slept better when they were exhausted from their daily activities. Likewise, most people felt that not taking afternoon naps helped them sleep better at night.

(43)

43 NO. _ABSTRACT

61 _{REASONS WHY P1 TAO NAN SCHOOL PUPILS’ BAGS ARE HEAVY}

Oral LT-E5 P

ANG SZE ANN

TAO NAN SCHOOL

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MS JESSICA GOH

Many people are concerned about children carrying heavy bags to schools. The aim of this research study was to find out why P1 Tao Nan School pupils’ bags are heavy and the percentage of P1 Tao Nan School pupils who suffer from problems such as neck, shoulder and back pain as a result of carrying schoolbags weighing more than 20% of the child’s body weight. Parents of pupils from 7 classes were surveyed about the contents of their child’s bag and how often their child suffered from pain in their neck or shoulder or back. The results showed that 38% of P1 Tao Nan School pupils suffer from problems caused by carrying heavy schoolbags. The main reasons why P1 Tao Nan School pupils’ bags are heavy are (a) their bags are heavy when empty, (b) most pupils needed to bring more than 7 books and 1 file regularly and (c) these pupils did not use the lockers assigned to them.

62 _{FEATURES OF SCHOOL UNIFORM ON GIRLS}

Poster S10 P

OH MING HUI ELSIE

TAO NAN SCHOOL

The female uniform of 10 out of 45 schools in the East Zone in Singapore is a blouse and a pinafore. It was hypothesised that many of the girls would not like to wear the pinafore because the material of the pinafore is usually thick and hence is not suitable for Singapore’s weather. 123 Primary 4 and 5 Tao Nan School female pupils were surveyed on their views of the school uniform and their preferred features. From the survey results, it was concluded that the majority of the female pupils disliked wearing the pinafore due to the weather experienced and the material used. Hence, a blouse and skirt set was generally the most popular option for a uniform.

(44)

44 NO. _ABSTRACT

63 _{FRIED FOOD VERSUS AIR-FRIED FOOD}

Poster

S6 T

EO JUN DA AXEL

TAO NAN SCHOOL

According to a research study by Harvard University, “Kids who eat fast food frequently appear to be more likely to be overweight kids who grow up to be overweight adults.” The aim of the project was to find out if Primary 5 pupils like to eat fried food and whether people could taste a difference between deep-fried and air-fried chicken. These were determined through a survey and a food tasting experiment. Results from the survey showed that the respondents like to eat fried food. The respondents who tasted the food could differentiate between deep-fried chicken and air-fried chicken, and preferred deep-fried chicken. Additionally, an ethanol emulsion test confirmed that deep fried food contained more lipids than air-fried food.

64 Oral

COMPARISON OF RATE OF LOSS OF VITAMIN C IN FRUITS AFTER BEING CUT AND STORED IN THE REFRIGERATOR

LT-E5 _V_ICTOR_L_OH_W_AI_K_IT

TAO NAN SCHOOL

TEACHER-SUPERVISOR:MS HEIDI TAN

Fruits are usually cut and refrigerated at fruit stalls and at home. Similarly, large cartons of juices are seldom finished at one go. This may affect their Vitamin C content. The aim of the project was to compare how fast Vitamin C content in refrigerated cut fruits and fruit juice decreased. Vitamin C content was determined by titration at 2-hour intervals and after 2 weeks. It was found that watermelon, papaya and pineapple lost only 4–9% of their Vitamin C content after 6 hours of being cut, and retained more than 50% after 2 weeks. Bottled orange juice retained more than 70%. It was concluded that refrigerated cut fruits and juices do not lose their Vitamin C content rapidly.

(45)

45 P PRROOJJEECCTTAABBSSTTRRAACCTTSS S SEECCOONNDDAARRYYSSCCHHOOOOLLSSEECCTTIIOONN NO. _ABSTRACT 1

Oral SELF-REPORTED EFFECTS OF SHORT-TERM SLEEP DEPRIVATION IN _{ACS(I) STUDENTS}

LRW-4A; Poster S3

AARON GOH QI YANG

ANGLO –CHINESE SCHOOL (INDEPENDENT)

TEACHER SUPERVISOR:MR SIMON LAI

Students face mounting pressure from different aspects of their lives – school assignments, Co-Curricular activities and home tuition, etc. To meet these demands, sleep is often sacrificed. This study aimed to investigate the effects of short-term sleep deprivation in ACS(I) students. 60 respondents participated in an online survey and 4 of these respondents also participated in a simple before-after sleep test. The results showed negative implications of short-term sleep deprivation as indicated by poor performance in reaction time and 2 Logic tests. The results prove that short-term sleep deprivation is detrimental to one’s alertness and general well-being.

2

Poster DETERMINING THE IDEAL MUSHROOM ENZYME TO BREAK DOWN _{WASTE WOOD TO PRODUCE HIGH YIELD OF GLUCOSE} S4 _L_UO_Y_OU_L_AN_,_K_WEK_J_ENG_C_{HUN AND}_N_G_H_UI_S_I_M_EGAN

DUNMAN HIGH SCHOOL

TEACHER-SUPERVISORS:MS ANGIE LIM AND MS JOY GANESAN

Large amounts of glucose are required to produce ethanol as biofuel. This study aimed to find out what is the ideal mushroom extract to speed up catalytic reactions of cellobiase to break down cellulose found naturally in wood shavings to obtain the highest amount of glucose. Different mushroom extracts were separately mixed in varying quantities with cellulose to obtain glucose. A UV Spectrophotometer was used to measure the absorbance of light corresponding to glucose produced. Using the data collected, a plot of an enzyme reaction kinetics graph was obtained. Our results show that the enzyme of Enoki mushroom is the ideal mushroom enzyme to break down waste wood to produce a high yield of glucose.