Cognitive
Development:
Differences
ADHD in children 4-12
Attention deficit hyperactive disorder is a neurobehavioral disorder that alters how an individual can cognitively develop. It can be recognized in children as early as 3 years old that can display symptoms of ADHD. The most problematic symptoms of ADHD are inattentiveness as well as hyperactivity and impulsiveness. These
symptoms can damage the way a child cognitively develops creating differences especially considering that a significant and important amount of cognitive
development occurs in this age group.
Theories to relate to
Sternberg’s views on intelligence described the three components to a sound intelligent mind.They are:
● Analytical skills ● Creative skills ● Practicality skills
Because of the symptoms of ADHD such as having a short attention span,
organizational difficulties as well as memory loss, people with ADHD according to Sternberg’s theory will prove to be less intelligent because of the difficulties
Examples
For the first of the three metacomponents, a person with ADHD can not be able to effectively be analytic because the disorder does not allow attention to maintain if the task at hand is not favoured. If a person with ADHD was to try and use analytic skills to pick out and name certain components of an engine, he or she may have trouble proving that ADHD will result in cognitive difference.
Examples continued
The last of the metacomponents is practicality which an individual with ADHD would struggle with. Children between the ages of 4-12 are already seen as impractical and so with the disorder, cognitive skills are going to lack and prove difference. One symptom associated with ADHD is inattentiveness which can lead to little to no sense of danger or harm as well as the common mistakes made with regular tasks that require basic practicality such as assembling a desk.
How to build cognitive resilience
A proven strategy to develop resilience when being held back by the effects of ADHD in children is found in the theory of Maria Montessori’s cognitive theory. Children with severe ADHD are affected in their frontal lobe, specifically the prefrontal cortex because it is the functions of that part of the brain that are responsible for a lot of things in cognitive advancement such as personality,
rationality etc. Montessori’s theory is a theory that the way to successfully promote cognitive advancement requires a teacher, a student and a good environment. She puts emphasis on one on one contact in a comfortable environment which can build resilience by meeting the disorders needs to advance rather than putting a child in a room with other children who do not suffer from ADHD. It builds
What is Autism ?
A mental condition, present from early childhood, characterized by difficulty in
communicating and forming relationships with other people and in using language and abstract concepts.
Autism spectrum disorder is a serious neurodevelopmental disorder that impairs a child's ability to communicate and interact with others. It also includes restricted repetitive behaviors, interests and activities. These issues cause significant
Autism Spectrum
Autism can come in all forms, spanning from Classic autism to high functioning.
Causes of Autism
Autism in children
Theories relating to Autism
How to facilitate development
In recent years, mental health issues have come to the foreground and are being researched more and more, Autism Spectrum Disorder being no different. There are many great websites like Autism Speaks and Autism games as well as
Depression In Elderly.
Theories of depression in Elderly.
B.F Skinner was one of these most influential psychologist of an america. The idea thats behaviour is based on consequences, be that by Reinforcement or Punishment.
Operant Conditions-use of positive and negative rewards to achieve behaviour.
Reinforcement- adding or removing a stimulus to achieve a behaviours.
Punishment: Add or removing stimulus to deter a behaviour
B.F Skinner
Positive Reinforcement: Adding a positive stimulus
How this theory helps
Elderly are often more depressed family and friends pass away, they don't have the same amount of energy they use to, although when you use operant condition to bring a positive stimulus in to their life to help with depression as well as the effects of operant conditioning to alter the effect of depression.
Which helps create resilience to depression in elderly with cognitive change,
Cognitive behavioural therapy
“Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. ... CBT aims to help people become aware of
when they make negative interpretations, and of behavioral patterns which
reinforce the distorted thinking. Cognitive therapy helps people to develop
alternative ways of thinking and behaving which aims to reduce their psychological distress.”
Depression and theroies that go with.
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/basics/definition/con-20 032977
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piaget%27s_theory_of_cognitive_development
http://www.psychologistanywhereanytime.com/emotional_problems_psychologist/ psychologist_depression.htm
https://explorable.com/ecological-systems-theory
