Key Concept 4. Ren.Ref.pptx

The Renaissance and

Reformation

More Money= More Beauty!

• _{As merchants trade}

more, they make more money.

• _{As more income is}

generated,

governments collect more taxes!

• _{As they collect more}

The Renaissance

• _{Renaissance: A Rebirth}

• _{End of middle ages, dawn of “modern” era} • _{Began in Italian city-states}

• _{Italy was not feudal like W. Europe: their cities}

flourished.

• _{Merchants and trading families began to}

The Renaissance

• _{The wealth helped drive the}

developments of the Renaissance.

• _{Medici Family (Florence)} • _{Came to rule Florence after}

peasant revolts common during the Black Death.

• _{Bankers for the papacy}

• _{Did business with merchants all}

over Europe.

• _{Loaned money at high rates of}

interest to help governments fund wars, etc.

• _{So powerful the papacy ended its}

The Renaissance

• _{The Medici}

– _{With $$ made from loaning money, bought English}

wool

– _{Shipped it to Florence where it was woven.} – _{Exported the fabric.}

– _{More money!}

– _{The Florentine florin became THE currency in}

The Renaissance

• _{All this wealth- patronized the arts} • _{Wealthy patrons supported}

– _Michelangelo – _Donatello

The Renaissance

• _{Renewed emphasis on the} Greco-Roman past.

– _{Thank you, Muslims, for the}

re-introduction!

• _{Humanism: Greco-Roman} studies

• _{Man is made in the image of} God and has infinite abilities. • _{Glorified human achievement.} • _{Contrast to the lowly view of}

The Renaissance

• _{Arabs- paper-making (via China)}

• _{1450- Gutenberg brings this tech to}

Europe, with great consequences.

• _{Before Gutenberg's printing press,}

books were difficult and expensive to print.

• _{After they were cheaper and more}

available.

• _{Before printing press books were in}

Latin.

• _{After they were in the vernacular.} • _{This reflects the demands of a}

The Renaissance

• _{Literacy and books:}

Chickens and eggs

• _{Mostly religious}

• _{Some popular and}

political.

• _Shakespeare

• _{Tragedy, comedy,}

The Renaissance

• _{1517 Niccolo Machiavelli}

published The Prince • _{How-to- guide for ruling}

• _{Audience: monarchs, in particular,}

the Medici family of Florence.

• _{Important because suggested that}

the king/ruler could be

independent of Church control.

• _{Leader should act in his own}

The Renaissance

• _{Books were also}

printed for sheer

entertainment for the educated middle class.

The Renaissance

• _{Writers will also criticize}

the most powerful institution in Europe.

– _{Any guesses?}

• _Erasmus

– _{In Praise of Folly (Julius}

Excluded from Heaven)

• _{Sir Thomas More}

Side note

The Renaissance and the Environment

• _{Meanwhile, in terms of}

human interaction with the environment…

• _{The Little Ice Age}

makes things chilly from the 14th_{- 19}th

century!

• _{This will impact society,}

State-Building in the Renaissance

Middle Ages

• _{In the Renaissance, states}

rebuild themselves and

centralize authority under a “New Monarch”.

• _{Reduce the power of the}

feudal lords, increase the power of a central king.

– _{What is a favorite way that}

Legitimizing Power

• _{Kings will assert their}

“God-given” authority as rulers.

• _{Kings will build large,}

professional armies to help squelch the

power of the feudal lords.

• _{Kings will tax the heck}

Scientific Revolution

• _{Copernicus and the}

heliocentric solar system

• _{On the Revolution of}

Heavenly Spheres

• _{Published after his}

death

Scientific Revolution

• _Galileo

• _{“And yet it moves”} • _{Moons of Jupiter}

Scientific Revolution

• _{Francis Bacon}

Scientific Revolution

Scientific Revolution

• _Descartes

• _{Deductive Reasoning}

Overall

• _{Over time, the dawn of a scientific age will}

make religion less necessary.

• _{Less need for religious explanations when}

Overall

• _{Governments get in on the}

The Reformation

• ₁₆th _century

• _{While Europe was}

settling the New World

• _{Martin Luther- Catholic}

monk

• _{Protest the theology}

and practices of the

The Reformation

• _{Popes were politically}

powerful and focused on wealth.

• _{Alexander VI} • _Indulgences

• _{Non-Biblical authority} • _{Clergy (priests, bishops)}

The Reformation

• _{Germany (Holy Roman Empire)} • _{95 Theses}

• _{“Justification by faith alone”} • _{Sacraments: 2 not 7}

The Reformation

• _{Peasant’s Revolt- “we are equal!”}

• _{Luther: “yes, in heaven. Now get back to}

work!”

• _{ALL should be educated to read Bible.} • _{“Priesthood of all believers”}

• _{The Catholic Church had a role for women:}

nuns.

The Reformation

• _{John Calvin}

The Reformation

• _{Spreads throughout Europe}

The Catholic-Reformation

• _{Called the}

Counter-Reformation

• _{Addressed some of Church’s}

corruption

• _{Overall, reaffirms traditional}

Catholic teaching and practice.

• _{New missionary group: Jesuits} • _{AKA: Soldiers of Christ/ Army}

The Catholic-Reformation

• _{Jesuits most}

important global impact of the

Catholic

Reformation.

• _{Latin American}

conversions

The Catholic-Reformation

• The Jesuits served as diplomats in China.

• _{Few religious conversions: The Chinese did not want to accept Christianity.} • _{Headed the Bureau of Astronomy}

• _{Introduced western science, astronomy, mathematics and geography to the}

Chinese

The Counter-Reformation

• _{Wait. Europe knows more about science and}

technology than China?

• _{Thus those preachers of indulgences are in error who say that, by the}

indulgences of the Pope, a man is loosed and saved from all punishment.

• _{31. Rare as is a true penitent, so rare is one who truly buys indulgences}

—that is to say, most rare.

• _{37. Every true Christian, whether living or dead, has a share in all the}

benefits of Christ and of the Church, given him by God, even without letters of pardon.

• _{40. True contrition seeks and loves punishment; while the ampleness of}

pardons relaxes it, and causes men to hate it, or at least gives occasion for them to do so.

• _{43. Christians should be taught that he who gives to a poor man, or}

lends to a needy man, does better than if he bought pardons.