Thailand: Science and Technology for Sustainable Development

Thailand: Science and Technology

for Sustainable Development

Prof. Dr. Pairash Thajchayapong

Permanent Secretary

Ministry of Science and Technology

Presented at

The 1st _{Asian Science and Technology Forum} September 9, 2005 Tokyo

Outline of Presentation

Outline of Presentation

1. Related Government Policy Frameworks

2. Policy Prioritization and Strategies

3. Implementation

1. Related Policy Frameworks

(NESDB)

Economic and Social

Restructuring Framework for Effectiveness and

Sustainability(2002-2006)

(CABINET, March 3, 2005)

Government Policy Statement Delivered to

the National Assembly

(CABINET,March26,2005)

Government Strategic and Action Plan (2005-2008)

Coherent S&T

Policy Prioritization and Strategies

(National S&T Committee)

National S&T Strategic Plan(2004-2013)

Economic and Social Restructuring Framework

for Effectiveness and Sustainability

Economic stability and sustainability Proactive social policy to create positive externality

Global and regional positioning

Value creation from knowledge

application

Sustained Prosperity

More Balanced Structure

Better Distribution

Source: National Economic and Social Development Board Link to world economic

Link to world economic

and financial systems

and financial systems TechnologyTechnology 5 key determinants for change Society

Society Natural resources Natural resources and environment

and environment

Consumption behaviors

Why Does Thailand Need Economic Restructuring ?

ornaments 5.

40.7 Metal and steel

products 6. 82.0 Integrated circuit 3. 64.2 Electrical appliance 7. 51.3 Computer and parts

1.

8.4 Rubber

4.

66.6 Car and parts

2. Import Content Import Content ( (%%)) Top

Top--ten exportsten exports

5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 11,000 12,000 2003 2004 2005 Mil.US$ 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 Mil.US$

Trade balance (non-oil)

Export value (important commodities e,g,

automobile, electronics, chemicals and electrical appliance

Source: National Economic and Social Development Board

-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 % YOY, 3 mma -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000

Export Value Import Value Trade Balance

Trade balance deficit:

Government Policy Statement Delivered to the

National Assembly (

3 March 2005)

• Develop indigenous S&T and innovation capabilities to enhance competitiveness of industrial sector.

• Strengthen S&T manpower to assure sufficient supply for future demand both quantitatively and qualitatively.

• Induce and support development of clusters in priority sectors including agro-industry and food, electronics,

software and graphic design, automobile, healthcare, fashion, and energy.

• Strengthen regional economy by technologically upgrading manufacturing and service sectors in regional areas.

• Promote development of clean technology to conserve

Government Strategic and Action Plan (2005-2008):

1. Eliminate Poverty 2. Improve Quality of Human

Resource and Society

4. Improve Efficient Natural Resources and Environment Management

3. Restructure Economic Sector for More Balance and Competitive

5. Promote International Linkages

and Economic Collaboration 6. Develop Legislation System and Good Governance

7. Promote Democratism and

Public Participation 8. Maintain National Security 9. Create Indigenous Capability to Effectively Handle Global Changes

S&T Related Issues:

S&T Related Issues:

4. Promote intellectual property system and encourage IP commercialization

1. Improve R&D and innovation system, especially basic research in the biotehcnology, ICT and nanotechnology

2. Develop S&T infrastructure and human resources such as science parks, centers of excellence, incubators, metrology and testing services and so on 3. Employ S&T to improve and commercialize Thai indigenous knowledge 5. Create environment proper to R&D activities and innovation 6. Develop S&T management system for its integration and efficient monitoring and evaluation system

7. Develop natural resource and environment

management system as well as protection and utilization of bio-diversity

8. S&T for poverty reduction and strengthening community economy

National Science and Technology Strategic Framework

(2005-2013)

Technologies _EnvironmentEnabling National Innovation System (Clusters) Human Resources Goals

Number of enterprises having innovation increases to 35% and value of knowledge-intensive products/services reaches the average range of OECD. Higher income, stronger community economy and better quality of life.

S&T ranking of Thailand above the median of IMD ranking.

Vision: Strong economy with knowledge society and better social well-being

Sustainable

competitiveness Community economy Learning society Q of life/ Environment

2. Policy Prioritization and Strategies

Food _mobileAuto- Software & Textile Tourism Health Microchip Bio Industry Enhance S&T Public awareness

4

life science, physics, math, computer, material science

Economy

Economy

_Society

_Society

Youth Environment The Underprivileged OTOP

2

5

Develop Clusters and Strengthen Community Economy and Quality of life

Bio

technology

ICT

3

10

From Policy to Implementation

Cabinet S&T Policy Committee (Chaired by PM) Subcom mittees Operators (R&D Units) Policy Level Executive Level Operation Level

•Chief Science Officers

•Private Sectors Representatives •Academicians

Secretariat (MOST)

3. Implementation

Developing Innovative Clusters

1

Establishment of Cluster

Management Agent Is Key to Success.

Clusters

_{Cluster Management Agents}

National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Shrimp Cluster Automotive and

Parts Cluster Thailand Automotive Institute

RFID Thai MicroElectronics Center

Hard Disk Drive National Electronics and Computer Center

Tourism Cluster Tourism Authority of Thailand

Software Cluster Software Industry Promotion Agency

Textile and

Example of Cluster in Action:

Shrimp Cluster

PROCESSING

Processing manufacturers, Ice manufacturers, Packaging companies, Certification and accreditation

agencies, Transportation service providers

HATCHERY & NURSERY

Hatchery and nursery farms

BROODSTOCK

BIOTEC

FARMING

Shrimp farms, Manufacturers of shrimp food, Department of Fishery, Association of Shrimp Farm

EXPORT

50% substitution of brood stock from natural catching

Healthy young shrimp (raise survival rate to 50%)

Standard farming system GAP, CoC

- Standard processing factory with GMP 90% - Innovation of instant shrimp food - Accessibility to marketing information - Participation in formulation of international shrimp standard

Advising and Consultancy Services Program Transfer of Baby Shrimp

Technology

Regulatory and Management of Shrimp Processing Factories

Intelligence Unit and Commercial Negotiator

Development

NBC, BMC, R&D networks

BIOTEC, universities and private companies

BIOTEC, Department of Fishery and universities

Department of Fishery

Department of Fishery, National Food Institute, NSTDA

Ministry of Commerce, Ministry of Public Health and

Department of Fishery Exporters

Supply Chain

Supply Chain

Outcome

Outcome

S&T Effort

Example of Cluster in Action:

RFID Cluster

company and FXA company Actors: Identify company, I.E. Technology company and NECTEC Actors: I.E. Technology company, NECTEC and Software Park

15

S&T Human Resource

Development

2

S&T HRD Roadmap 2006-2013

To increase about 18,000 R&D personnel and 16,000 Ph.D in 8 years with investment of about US$ 2,300 million

Expected output (top-end manpower)

Program

R&D personnel _Ph.D

1. Promote and support talented students 6,800 5,700 950,000,000 2. Enhance educational opportunity - - 70,000,000 3. Develop/Upgrade teaching personnel 7,700 7,400 600,000,000 4. Upgrade persons working in industry 3,800 3,000 400,000,000 5. Promote Thailand to be centre for S&T

education in potential areas e.g. food science

- - 300,000,000

6. Develop permanent body responsible

for S&T HRD policy - - 5,000,000

Total 18,300 16,100 2,325,000,000

Expected investment

17

Develop S&T Infrastructure and

Institutions

3

Thailand Science Park (TSP)

¾ Firstly operated since 2002 as a fully integrated hub for R&D in Science

and Technology with the total investment budget of USD 175 million

¾ Its missions are to promote innovation and R&D activities in the private

sector and to develop a critical mass of R&D human resource for Thailand

¾ Four National Centers on ICT, Biotechnology, Materials, Nanotechnology

¾ 36 Firms are now in TSP(including 3 foreign companies)

Thailand

Science Park

1

st

Supporting Services provided in TSP

Financial Services

Financial Services –– In forms of research grants (up to USD 125,000), Soft loans (up to USD 750,000 or 75% of project investment) and joint investment

Human Resource Services

Human Resource Services

–

–

firm’s requirement, specialist database, training and seminar programs, library access and continuing education and on-line education

Technology & Technical Services

Technology & Technical Services

–

–

private sector searching and acquiring proper technology, technology

licensing office for technology transfer, consultancy services and technical advices, provision of lab and equipment

Business and Juristic Services

Business and Juristic Services

–

–

intellectual property right and assistance for VISA and work permit for foreign experts

Institutional Infrastructure

Promotion Scheme for Centers of Excellence

Promotion Scheme for Centers of Excellence

–

–

To promote

high-potential research labs in universities for excellence and

relevancy. Ten distinct research labs are promoted each year with

the lump-sum budget of USD 375,000

Development and Improvement of Laws and Regulations

Development and Improvement of Laws and Regulations

–

–

Some laws and regulations are developed and improved for benefits

of ICT fully utilization

Intellectual Property System Development

Intellectual Property System Development

–

–

Appropriate IPS

is developed to create supportive environment for knowledge

creation, diffusion and utilization

21

Enhancing S&T Public Awareness

4

Key Projects

Science Media Development

Science Media Development

–

–

including the development of

science media center, science feature article broadcasting on TV,

science and technology knowledge publication, developing science

communicators

Development of Science and Technology Educational

Development of Science and Technology Educational

Activities

Activities

–

–

such as creating mobile S&T educational units,

technology road show, S&T public debate forum

Youth Competition in S&T

Youth Competition in S&T

–

–

including mathematics, physics,

chemistry, biology competition as well as competition related to

technology innovation and applied science

23

Improvement of S&T

Management System

5

A Tentative Proposal to Restructure

the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST)

MOST will be the first ministry in Thailand which the administration will be ‘non-bureaucratic’ and completely ‘autonomous’.

Executive Board

CEO

S&T Policy and

Strategy Group S&T ManagementGroup R&D FundingGroup IP ManagementGroup

Policy Board

4. Possible Collaboration Issues

• S&T Human Resource Development

at Higher Level

• Cluster/Science Park Development

• S&T Management System

• S&T Policy Research

• S&T Indicators for Developing Countries • IPR Suitable for Developing Countries • Policy for Knowledge-Economy/Society

26

Thank You for Your Attention

Thank You for Your Attention

More information is available at:

www.most.go.th www.most.go.th www.nstda.or.th www.nstda.or.th www.sciencepark.or.th www.sciencepark.or.th