Emergency Lighting Introduction

Introduction

Emergency evacuation lighting is designed

to automatically provide adequate lighting

levels and signage for the safe evacuation of

humans from buildings in the

event of electricity supply

failure to the normal lighting

of the building

Basic terminology concepts & technology

Exit Signs

Emergency Lighting

Power Packs & Accessories

Main Menu

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Basic terminology,

concepts &

Single Point Units

• The term for an emergency light fitting

(unit) that stands alone (at a single point)

and includes its own rechargeable battery

and charger equipment. When normal

mains power fails, it automatically

energises its emergency lamp until the

Types of Single Point Units (SPU)

• Maintained – contains one lamp that is

used for dual purpose of normal (AC

mains) lighting and for emergency lighting.

The light output is

maintained

even when the power has

Types of Single Point Units (SPU)

• Non-Maintained – uses one lamp that

does not normally light the surrounding

area but only uses that lamp for

emergency purposes. The

light output is on only when

the power fails.

Types of Single Point Units (SPU)

• Combined Maintained – are a two lamp

combination of normal lighting and

maintained emergency lighting located

side by side in the same luminaire. Both

lamps are used for normal lighting and one

of these is also used for

emergency lighting when

the power fails.

Types of Single Point Units (SPU)

• Sustained (now called Combined

Non-Maintained) – are a two lamp combination of

normal lighting and non-maintained emergency

lighting located side by side within the same

luminaire. One lamp is used for normal lighting

and the other for emergency

lighting. The light output is

sustained

even when the

Direct & indirect lighting

• Direct lighting – a system of lighting in

which most of the light emitted is directed

towards the surface to be lit, usually in a

downward direction.

• Indirect lighting – a system in which most

of the light is provided by

reflection from ceilings,

walls or other surfaces

Mains connections

• Unswitched active – the unswitched

supply is used to charge the battery and is

monitored to determine the supply status.

It therefore must be present at all times to

ensure reliable operation of the

Mains connections

• Switched active – some emergency light

fittings have two active connections,

switched and unswitched. The

non-emergency part of those fittings can be

turned ON and OFF in the same

manner as conventional light

fittings.

Communications & Emergency Lighting

• The Australian Standard AS2293.2 requires emergency light fittings to be tested every 6 months. On large sites this is a particularly

cumbersome exercise.

• Computerised emergency lighting systems are a combination of a communication network and emergency lighting.

• They allow the control and testing of a large series of emergency lights from a single PC

• The Stanilite monitoring system is called Nexus. There are currently two Nexus systems available:

– Nexus LX: data cable monitoring system – Nexus RF: wireless monitoring system

Rechargeable Battery Technology

• There are 3 types of batteries used in emergency lighting – Sealed Lead Acid (SLA)

– Nickel Cadmium (NiCad)

– Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH)

• Each of these types of battery has it’s place depending upon the cost and performance required from a unit.

Rechargeable Battery Technology

• There are 4 primary factors affecting battery life

– Improper charging

– Elevated temperature

– Continuous overcharging – Depth of discharge

Lamp Technology

There are 3 types of lamp used in Stanilite emergency lighting

• Fluorescent – Reliable

– easy to replace

– 10W most common in Exits – up to 1 year lamp life

Lamp Technology

• Stanilite Lumatec Cold Cathode

– very reliable – easy to replace

– Less than 7W means energy savings of up to 300% over conventional 10W fluoro based product

– up to 6 year lamp life means further cost savings

– CCFL lamps do no burn out which is the primary cause of Exit sign failure

Lamp Technology

• Halogen – a specialised type of incandescent lamp used in downlight emergency luminaires and flood lights. They produce a crisp, white light and allow precise light

Charging Technology

There are 3 types of battery charging techniques used for NiCad & NiMH batteries

• Single Rate – charges the battery at a constant current regardless of time or battery condition. This method is cheap but will shortened battery life

• Dual Rate – after an AC failure, the dual rate charger switches to a higher charging current for a timed period, then switches to a lower rate. Prolongs

battery life however may not fully charge the battery and at the low rate may not maintain a full charge. This method is the most expensive.

• Variable Rate – varies the current according to the battery “charged” condition. Higher rate after an AC failure but reduces as battery capacity is restored.

Prolongs battery life and provides good recharge even at elevated temperatures. The best option in terms of performance and cost.

Codes & Standards

• The BCA sets the rules and regulations for the construction of all types of

buildings. When an emergency and exit lighting design is required, the BCA must first be consulted to

determine the class of structure and the requirements.

• AS/NZS 2293 must then be used to determine the spacings for different classifications of lights as well as physical installation conditions

Codes & Standards

• AS/NZS 2293 is broken into 3 parts

– System, Design & Installation

• Eg spacings, labeling, control, commissioning etc

– Inspection & Maintenance

• Eg Emergency lighting is to be tested every 6 months and results recorded in a logbook etc

– Emergency Luminaires & Exit Signs

IP Rating

• You will often hear the term IP rating used throughout the industry. The Ingress Protection (IP) rating indicates the degree of protection provided by an enclosure from solid objects & water.

• Within lighting this term is most often used in relation to Weatherproof Fittings.

• The IP rating consists of 2 numbers eg IP65. The first

number indicates the protection from solid objects such as dust. The second number refers to the protection against water. The higher the numbers the better the degree of protection.

EXIT Signs

Exit Signs

• The Australian emergency lighting industry is about to undergo the most significant change in some years.

• AS2293, the standard governing emergency evacuation lighting has been updated as of mid 2005 and came into force when the Building Code was re-released in May 2006.

• The most significant change is the move away from using the word EXIT on all signs, to the use of an international “moving person” pictograph

• The standard also sets out the maximum

viewing distance of signs and introduces the potential for a 16m viewing distance sign of which there are currently none on the market.

Viewing distances

• With respect to EXIT signs, one of the issues that AS/NZS 2293 deals with is maximum

viewing distances i.e what is the maximum

distance at which a given sign is deemed to be effective in guiding egress.

• The most critical element here is the physical size of elements on the sign. Previously, the smallest sign was a 24m viewing distance

however the revised AS2293:2005 recognises sizes from 16m to 40m

Configurations

• There are 4 basic configurations of Exit sign that need to be understood

– Single sided – means that it can only be read from one side – Double sided – means the EXIT sign is legible from both sides

– No diffuser but including Back Plate - means it is a single sided sign with the diffuser missing.

– No diffuser or back plate – means that only the body of the unit is supplied

• Note that each range handles these configurations slightly differently but the underlying philosophy holds

Mounting options

• There are 6 basic mounting options for Exit signs that need to be understood

– Wall Mount • Surface • Recessed • Cantilever – Ceiling Mount • Surface • Recessed • Suspended

Wall mounting options

• Surface wall mount

– the unit sits in a horizontal position attached parallel to the surface of the wall either

directly or via a bracket

• Recessed wall mount

– the unit sits in a horizontal position

recessed into the surface of the wall so the face sits flush with the surface

• Cantilever wall mount

– the unit sits in a horizontal position attached perpendicular to the wall via a bracket

Ceiling mounting options

• Surface ceiling mount

– the unit is fixing directly onto the ceiling which can apply to battens, downlights or exits

• Recessed ceiling mount

– in the case of an exit sign, the control gear is recessed into the ceiling and only the diffuser protrudes downwards.

• Suspended ceiling mount

– some or all of the unit is suspended via wire or chain from the ceiling. The control gear may be surface or recess mounted to the ceiling

Exit Lighting

• Thomas & Betts market Exit Lights in 3

ranges

Economy Exit Lights

• The Economy 10W Exit gives the contractor a good

quality “box” style Exit for both the replacement and new construction markets.

• Peel off arrow diffusers in 3 mounting options – Wall Mount, Single Sided Ceiling and Double Sided Ceiling • Opal or prismatic diffusers available for use as a safety

Economy Exit Lights

• Bodies and diffusers are sold separately

• Large 16mm2 _{mains terminal with switched active option}

for easy installation

• Standard with high temperature NiCad batteries with 2 hour discharge rating

Quickfit Exit Lights

• The Stanilite Quickfit is the market standard for Exit lights and is the most widely used product.

• Pivotal to the success of the Quickfit range has been the unique steel slide connect

bracket allowing any Quickfit to be swapped or upgraded

Quickfit Exit Lights

• The Quickfit bracket comes with large 16mm terminals for easy installation

• The integral full length cable cover provides safe and accessible power cable junctioning

• All Quickfits can be wall or ceiling mounted with the same diffuser

• To minimise construction phase

damage, only the Quickfit bracket needs to be installed during fitout

Quickfit Exit Lights

• The Quickfit range comprises – Cold Cathode EXIT series – 10W EXIT series

– Cold Cathode & 10W Theatre EXIT series – Weatherproof EXIT series

• All 10W EXITS come complete in one box with either single or double sided peel off arrow diffusers until the change to pictograph in May 2006

Quickfit Exit Lights

• The Quickfit is comprised of three standard parts – Ceiling bracket

– Body (incorporating the lamp, batteries & control gear)

Quickfit Exit Lights

• Additional parts are available as optional extras eg cantilever brackets

• Quickfits use NiCd batteries with variable rate charging • Both maintained and sustained models are available • In addition to the standard range, the Quickfit is also

available in an 18W Standard and Jumbo for use in many commercial and industrial applications

Legend Exit Lights

• The Legend is the elegant Stanilite edgelight EXIT

• Features unique prismatic diffusers that provide discreet yet highly visible exit directions at all times.

• Recessed, surface or wall mount options available

• Available in Cold Cathode and 10W models

Emergency Lighting

Provide a minimum light level throughout an area to enable occupants to transverse through that area

Photometric Data

• Emergency fittings are available in several different types to suit various applications. Each fitting has a Photometric classification that is used with a spacing table to determine spacings for given mounting heights. • The resultant spacings provide the required AS2293 minimum of 0.2 Lux

of emergency lighting in an area.

• For large areas, multiple fittings are simply mounted in a grid determined by the calculated spacings. Batten fittings have different spacings in the “X” (C0 & C180) and “Y” (C90) planes due to the shape of the lamp and reflective surfaces. It is important therefore that the battens are correctly orientated

• Recessed downlights have a single classification which determines their spacing in both directions

Photometric Data

17.2m apart in the X plane and 11.8m apart in the Y plane

Max 17.2m

Max 11.8m

Emergency Lighting

• Thomas & Betts market Emergency Lights

in 3 ranges –

Emergency Halogen Downlights

• Thomas & Betts market 3 ranges of halogen

downlights–

10W Spitfire

7W Spitfire 10W Economy Spitfire

Spitfire 10W

• Market leading D20 classified emergency downlight

• 3 main components – remote charging & control unit, battery pack & spinning (lamp assembly)

• Utilises NiCad batteries

• Variable rate charging using lightweight, lower profile pack • Operates in the non-maintained mode only

Spitfire 10W

• Predominantly recessed but a surface mount option is available

• Available with small (85mm) or large (141mm) heads • Lampheads available with a clear dome or in a IP65

Weatherproof configuration

Spitfire 7W

• D12.5 classified recessed emergency downlight

• 3 main components – remote charging & control unit, battery pack & spinning

• Utilises NiCd batteries that outperform SLAs

• Variable rate charging using lightweight, lower profile pack • Operates in the non-maintained mode only

• Available with small (85mm) or large (141mm) heads • Available with clear dome

Economy Spitfire

• D10 classified recessed emergency downlight

• 3 main components – remote charging & control unit, battery pack & spinning

• Utilises Sealed Lead Acid (SLA) batteries

• Constant rate charging and operates in the non-maintained mode only

• Standard with large (141mm) head • Available with clear dome

Emergency Battens

• Emergency battens are designed to provide

large amounts of light in a general nature. These

units are primarily used back of house, carparks,

warehousing & other large open spaces

Emergency Battens

• Thomas & Betts market 5 main ranges of battens –

EBAT - Economy PBAT - Premium

WP – Premium Weatherproof

EW – Economy

EBAT - Economy Battens

• Available in 18W & 36W models, single or twin lamped • Maintained or non-maintained

• Available in bare, prismatic diffused or wireguard combinations

• Standard with hi-temp NiCad batteries

• Large 16mm terminals with switched active option (maintained only)

• Supplied without lamps • Use Davis metalwork

PBAT - Premium Battens

• Available in 18W, 36W & 58W models, single or twin lamped

• Superior photometric performance means fewer fittings are needed in an area which reduces installation, running and maintenance costs

• Maintained or non-maintained

• Available in bare, prismatic diffused or wireguard combinations

• Standard with advanced hi-temp NiCad batteries and electronic ballasts

• Nexus compatible models available • Supplied without lamps

WP - Premium Weatherproof Battens

• Available in 18W, 36W & 58W models, single or twin lamped

• Superior photometric performance means fewer fittings are needed in an area which reduces installation, running and maintenance costs • IP65 rated and therefore suited to a wide range of commercial &

industrial applications

• Maintained, non-maintained or AC only

• Batten consists of high quality glass reinforced polyester (GRP) base and a tough polycarbonate diffuser with stainless steel clips

• Standard with advanced hi-temp NiCad batteries • Nexus compatible models available

EW - Economy Weatherproof Battens

• Available in 18W & 36W models, single or twin lamped • Maintained or AC only

• Batten consists of tough polycarbonate base with the option of an acrylic or poycarbonate diffuser both with stainless steel clips

• Standard with advanced hi-temp NiCad batteries • Supplied without lamps

VP - Vandalproof Battens

• Available in 18W & 36W models, single or twin lamped

• Designed to maintain high luminance, strength & reliability • Maintained only

• Batten consists of an aluminium body and end caps, anti tamper cover screws and a 3mm thick UV stabilised,

polycarbonate lens

• Standard with advanced hi-temp NiCad batteries • Nexus compatible models available

• Supplied without lamps

• Vandalproof key tool required for installation

Emergency Floodlights

• There are 2 ranges of halogen Flood Units available

EFL – Economy

Economy Flood Units

• 2 x 8W Halogen Emergency Floodlight • Provides indirect light

• Large twin lamps that can be individually angled to suit installation

• Standard with flex & plug means no wiring • Uses SLA battery with 2 hr discharge rating

Flood Units

• 12W Sealed beam, 20W Halogen & 35W Sealed Beam Lamp Head options

• Standard or Nexus monitored options • Provides indirect light

• Large twin lamps that can be individually angled to suit installation

• Steel enclosure

• Standard with flex & plug means no wiring • Uses SLA battery with 2 hr discharge rating

Power Packs &

Accessories

Power packs

• Thomas & Betts provide a complete range of emergency lighting power packs for retrofitting into luminaires often by other OEMs

• T5, T8 and special lamp types are available

• 2 series are available, the EPP Economy packs and the PP Premium packs.

• PP packs offer better overall performance & are available in Nexus compatible models.

• All packs use 105 deg C rated electronics and advanced NiCad battery packs

Spare Parts & Accessories

• Thomas & Betts also supply a range of emergency lighting accessories such as logbooks, testing units

• All of the major components are also available as spare parts eg batteries, power packs, lamps & diffusers

And lots more….

• You have come to the conclusion of the introductory lighting module. Please note that this module has only given you a brief overview of the range. There are several specialist product areas that we have not explored and significant detail within each section that has not been discussed.

• If you need or want to know more, please ensure that you go through the more advanced modules as they become

available.

• To register your completion of this course, please email the Human Resources department: julean.lipsham@tnb.com