- P142 -Protection Functions - V42_SE-En

(1)

MiCOM P142

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30 – 10 – 2011 SCHEDULE

9.00 – 10.00 INTROUDUCTION ON MICOM P142

SETTING

10.00 – 10.30 INTRODUCTION ON MICOM P543

SETTING

10.30 – 12.00 PRACTICAL EXERCISES ON MICOM 142

& P543 SETTING

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MiCOM P141 – Feeder Protection

Document Version

A

Version Comment

Author

Date

First Version

F. BROTTET

19/10/09

B

Schneider Electric Migration

S. GASCO

04/11/10

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(5)

General configuration menus

»

Generalities

4 setting groups

(6)

System Data

»

Settings

»

Choose between English,

French, German and Spanish

»

Selected language will be

the one displayed on LCD

front panel

(7)

System Data

»

Settings

»

Feeder name (displayed

on LCD front panel)

»

Station name (displayed on

LCD front panel)

(8)

(9)

• Disabled • Local • Remote • Local + Remote • Opto • Opto+ Local • Opto+ Remote

• Opto + Rem + Local

»

No manual control of the CB

»

Open/Close commands can be issued only by protection functions (such as autoreclose, trip, …)

»

Open/Close commands can be issued from front panel using HOT KEYS or via SYSTEM DATA menu

»

Commands can also be issued from relay front communication port

»

Open/Close commands can be issued from rear communication port

»

Open/Close commands can be issued from opto inputs (one opto for open, one opto for close is required)

(10)

»

Minimum duration of close command sent to CB

»

Minimum duration of open command sent to CB

»

It may be necessary to match these values with CB manufacturing data to ensure safe operation of the CB.

CB Control

(11)

»

Time between local close command sent by operator and relay order sent to CB (to go out of the room for safety reasons)

CB Control

»

Waiting time to receive « CB Healthy » information given by CB.

»

If relay does not receive this information, no more command can be issued and CB is locked in open position.

»

This function requires an opto input connected to relay CB Healthy internal data

(12)

• Operator action (front panel)

• A successful manual close command

»

If CB is locked, choose lockout reset by :

»

At the end of this timer

CB Control

»

Specify which position contacts are wired to the relay opto :

»

52A for CB Closed position

(13)

(14)

»

View / modify date and time (relay front panel )

»

When creating setting file, these are default values

Date and Time

»

Enable / Disable IRIG-B synchronisation

(15)

Reminder : MiCOM S1 Studio

1 2

1. Select relay from Studio Explorer

2. Click on « Supervise »

3. Modify

(16)

»

Battery Status

Date and time

»

When Alarm is disabled, low battery will not generate any alarm

»

In case of power supply failure, the battery will save the date, time, events, disturbance & fault recorder.

»

Settings/PSL are saved in EEPROM memory : no battery is required to save data even without power supply.

»

Battery life time is 1 year if relay is not supplied or 10 years if relay is permanently supplied.

(17)

»

Allow to set automatic time change (UTC, winter/summer time)

Date and time

»

Winter/Summer time changeover can be setup accuratelyt

»

It is possible to set time shift between UTC and local

(18)

(19)

Configuration

»

Restore default settings for whole file or setting group only

»

Available only from front panel

»

4 Settings groups available (PSL included)

»

Setting group change over via Menu or Opto

»

Enable / Disable protection functions

»

Enable one function make it visible in the setting group :

(20)

Configuration

»

Display or hide general menus (not proteciton functions)

»

Choose display type for settings values (primary or secondary values)

(21)

»

Select via Opto : Active setting group is

selected automatically viaOpto1 and Opto2 (only these 2 optos).

Configuration

Opto 1 Opto 2 Group 1 0 Opto 1 Opto 2 Group 2 0 1 0 Opto 1 Opto 2 Group 3 0 1 Opto 1 Group 4 1

»

Select via Menu : Active setting group is selected by operator action (relay front panel or front/rear communication to PC).

»

Notes : Opto 1 and 2 can be used for other applications

»

Notes :

»

Opto inputs 1 and 2 must be set in the PSL

»

Setting group change over can be modified only by these optos (not through front panel or

»

Active setting group is selected via the parameter Active Settings

(22)

»

It is possible to set up to 4 setting groups. Each setting group can have different

parameters/PSL

Configuration

»

It is advised to disable non-used setting groups

(23)

(24)

»

Main voltage transformer ratio (3 phases)

»

Current transformer ratio (3 phases)

CT and VT Ratios

»

Neutral current transfomer ratio used for Earth Fault 1 or REF protection function

»

Sensitive neutral current

transformer ratio used for SEF or REF high impedance protection function

(25)

(26)

»

Allow to define which information will be stored in event memory

»

Allow to clear disturbance record memory

»

Only from relay front panel

Record Control

»

Allow to prevent one protection signal to appear in the event list

(27)

(28)

»

Configuration of disturbance record duration

»

Selection of operating mode (single or extended)

»

Selection of Analog Channels signals (current, voltage)

Disturbance Recorder

»

Selection of Digital Channels signals (opto status, output status, start, trip…)

»

Selection of trigger for disturbance recording

(29)

(30)

Disturbance Recorder

»

Trigger Mode Single : another trigger is ignored

»

Trigger Mode Extended : recording time is extended to take into account second trigger

(31)

Disturbance Recorder

»

For each digital channel, it is possible to choose if it is a trigger for disurbance recording :

»

yes, on rising edge

»

yes, on falling edge

»

no, not a trigger

»

By default, digital channel linked to Output contact R3 (trip contact) is a trigger.

(32)

(33)

Measurement Setup

»

"Standby" display for relay front panel (after 15 min inactivity)

(34)

Measurement Setup

IA

(35)

Measurement Setup

»

Selected value will be the reference for phase angle calculation

(36)

Measurement Setup

u i u i u i u i P Q Mode 1 P Q Mode 2 u i u i u i u i P Q Mode 3 u i u i u i u i P Q Mode 0 u i u i u i u i

(37)

Measurement Setup

»

Average values are calculated during this period

»

Display is refreshed after each period

»

Average values are calculated during the last « x » sub periods – each sub period lasts « y » minutes

»

Display is refreshed after each sub-period

»

For fault location function, select unit for distance and display type for the value.

(38)

(39)

CB Monitor Setup

»

Activation of a CB mainenance alarm if limit is reached :

»

Total broken currents

»

Number of operations

»

Operating time

»

Select 1 for broken current or 2 for broken squared current

(40)

CB Monitor Setup

»

Activation of CB lockout (in open position) if the limit is reached :

»

Total broken currents

»

Number of operations

»

Operating time

(41)

(42)

Opto Configuration

»

It is mandatory to select supply voltage for opto: - same voltage for all inputs

- customed for each input

»

In case no voltage is available, it is possible to use 48V_DC output voltage from the relay to supply opto inputs.

(43)

Opto Configuration

150 – 176V_DC 220 / 250V_DC 75 – 88V_DC 110 / 125V_DC 32,4 – 38,4V_DC 48 / 54V_DC 20,4 – 24V_DC 30 / 34V_DC 16,2 – 19,2V_DC 24 / 27V_DC Undefined range Voltage range 100% 60% 80%

1 Previous state*

(44)

Opto Configuration

»

Each opto input can be filtered. It allows a pre-filtering of half-period wich prevent opto from wiring noise.

»

This filter provide safety but input may be to slow for application such as Intertripping. In this case, we can disable filtering.

»

1 = opto filtered response time = 10ms

(45)

(46)

System Configuration

»

It is possible to block current functions when harmonic 2 is present (inrush current)

»

Above the high set of current, blocking is cancelled

»

Select phase sequence (usefull in case phases wiring is reversed)

»

For each function based on current, it is possible to select the threasholds blocked by 2nd _{harmonic detection :}

(47)

(48)

Operating time for settings I>1 and I>2 can be switched between :

»

Definite Time (DT) OR

»

Inverse Time (IEC, IEEE… international curves)

Overcurrent (50/51/67)

(49)

»

Settings I>1 and I>2 can be set to : Non directional OR Directional Forward OR Directional Reverse

Overcurrent (50/51/67)

»

Elements I>1 and I>2

»

Characteristic angle can be set between -95°and +95°

(50)

»

Set current threashold and

associated timer (or TMS for inverse time curve)

Overcurrent (50/51/67)

»

Elements I>1 and I>2

Phase selective Any phase

Start

»

PSL :

»

It is possible to add a fixed timer (offset) to the inverse time curve

Phase selective Any phase

(51)

»

Timer before threashold reinitialisation

Overcurrent (50/51/67)

»

Elements I>1 and I>2

I>1 I>1 TIMER

TRIP

tRESET = 0

tRESET

≠

₀

(52)

»

Elements I>3 and I>4 are only definite time :

Overcurrent (50/51/67)

»

Elements I>3 and I>4

(53)

Overcurrent (50/51/67)

All threasholds may be individually blocked following :

»

a VT error detected by VT Supervision function (used for direction determination)

»

an inrush current detection (2nd _harmonic

(54)

Overcurrent (50/51/67)

Action of VT Supervision function for direction determination :

»

ex. of directional forward element when loss of voltage occurs : TRIP NO TRIP NO TRIP Reverse Fault TRIP NO TRIP NO TRIP NO TRIP NO TRIP NO TRIP Forward Fault VT Supervision Blocking VT Supervision Indication VT Supervision Disabled

(55)

Overcurrent (50/51/67)

Action of inrush current blocking (2nd _harmonic

detection) :

»

Choose blocking for each element

»

Choose blocking operating mode : 1PH detection blocks 1PH OR

(56)

Overcurrent (50/51/67)

»

For I>1 and/or I>2 elements, it is possible to reduce threashold when a voltage drop is

detected (function 51V) : for ex. to detect a remote fault

V< I>1

V_rms

(57)

(58)

Operating time for settings I2>1 and I2>2 can be switched between :

»

Negative Sequence Overcurrent (46)

(59)

»

Settings I2>1 and I2>2 can be set to : Non directional OR Directional Forward OR Directional Reverse

Negative Sequence Overcurrent (46)

»

Elements I2>1 and I2>2

»

Characteristic angle can be set between -95°and +95°

(60)

»

Negative Sequence Overcurrent (46)

»

Elements I2>1 and I2>2

»

(61)

»

Negative Sequence Overcurrent (46)

»

Elements I2>1 and I2>2

I2>1 I2>1 TIMER

TRIP

tRESET = 0

tRESET

≠

₀

(62)

»

Elements I2>3 and I2>4 are only definite time :

Negative Sequence Overcurrent (46)

»

Elements I2>3 and I2>4

(63)

Negative Sequence Overcurrent (46)

»

(64)

Negative Sequence Overcurrent (46)

»

(65)

Negative Sequence Overcurrent (46)

detection) :

(66)

(67)

»

Define ratio of negative sequence current / positive sequence current and associated timer

»

Note : this function guarantees good operation even with low level of load current (that is different from function 46)

(68)

EARTH FAULT PROTECTION

(50N/51N/67N)

(69)

Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N)

»

3 types of earth fault protection available

»

based on IN measurement

»

based on IN calculation

»

based on Sensitive IN measurement

(70)

Operating time for settings IN>1 and IN>2 can be switched between :

»

Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N)

»

Elements IN>1 and IN>2

»

Note : operation is same for EARTH FAULT 2 and SEF/REF in SEF mode functions

(71)

»

Settings IN>1 and IN>2 can be set to : Non directional OR Directional Forward OR Directional Reverse

Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N)

»

Elements IN>1 and IN>2

»

Characteristic angle can be set between -95°and +95 °

»

Angle is same for all elements Polarisation can be performed using :

»

residual voltage (-3Vo) – mandatory for SEF function : we can define minimum voltage for polarisation

(72)

»

Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N)

»

Elements IN>1 and IN>2

»

(73)

»

Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N)

»

Elements IN>1 and IN>2

IN>1 IN>1 TIMER

TRIP

tRESET = 0

tRESET

≠

₀

(74)

»

Elements IN>3 and IN>4 are only definite time :

Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N)

»

Elements IN>3 and IN>4

(75)

Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N)

»

(76)

Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N)

»

(77)

Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N)

detection) :

(78)

SEF cos(PHI) / sin(PHI)

Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N)

»

SEF/REF Add-ons

For specific applications, it may be difficult to

discriminate healthy from faulty feeder as the residual current may be similar. We can use IcosΦ _{characteristic}

as the faulty feeder will have a higher active component than the healthy.

For isolated networks, we prefer using IsinΦ

Wattmetric

It is possible to add a power criteria from existing elements by choosing Wattmetric characteristic

(79)

REF : Restricted Earth Fault

Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N)

»

SEF/REF Add-ons

For transformer protection it is advised to use

instantaneous protection for earth fault at low voltage side. To ensure stability of the protection in case of external fault, we can use :

»

High impedance method

(80)

Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N)

»

High impedance REF operating mode principle

(81)

Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N)

»

Low impedance REF operating mode principle

(82)

(83)

»

Operating time for element VN>1 can be switched between :

Definite time (DT) OR

Inverse time (IDMT)

»

We can then set the threashold and associated timer/TMS

Residual overvoltage (59N)

Note : this function is based on calculated VN = VA+VB+VC

»

Second element VN>2 is only definite time

»

We just need to set the threashold and associated timer

(84)

»

Residual overvoltage (59N)

»

Element VN>1

TIMER

TRIP

tRESET = 0

tRESET

≠

₀

VN>1 VN>1

(85)

(86)

Thermal overload (49)

Note :

»

Single characteristic (one time constant) is used to protect cables or dry transformers.

»

Dual characteristic (two time constants) is used for oil insulated transformers with natural air cooling

»

one time constant protects against slow increase of oil temperature

»

one time constant protects against fast increase of windings temperature

»

We define full load current setting (maximum load)

»

It is possible to set an alarm to warn operator of thermal state increase

(87)

(88)

Negative sequence overvoltage

»

For specific applications where the input voltage must be perfectly balanced (motor supply…), it is advised to use negative sequence overvoltage function

(89)

(90)

Cold Load Pickup

»

After closing the circuit breaker, it is possible to block phase & earth overcurrent elements, or to define new settings (generally increase threasholds) during a fix timer.

»

Blocking or new settings will be activated during tclp Time Delay after CB closure.

»

Blocking or new settings will also be

activated after tcold Time Delay when CB is open (load disconnected).

Note : It is possible to modify the 4 phase overcurrent elements and the first element of earth fault 1 & 2 functions.

(91)

Cold Load Pickup

»

If element is set as Enable, the new settings will be applied when function Cold load pickup will be activated.

»

If element is set as Block, it will not be active anymore when function Cold load

(92)

Cold Load Pickup

»

Cold Load Pickup function activation is linked to circuit breaker position. It is thus necessary to

wire CB position on relay digital inputs.

»

CB position is managed by two signals: 52A (CB CLOSED) & 52B (CB OPEN). If only one signal is available, the other one will automatically be calculated by the protection.

»

REMINDER : CB position should be defined both in settings file & PSL file with coherence:

(93)

Cold Load Pickup

52B Function activation 52A

tclp

tcold

Note : If CB position (52A or 52B) is not available, it is possible to activate the function using the signal « CLP initiate ». Behaviour will be the same as 52B signal (check above diagram).

(94)

(95)

Selective logic

»

On specific logic input activation – for example – it is possible to modify timers of elements 3 & 4 for overcurrent functions (phase & earth)

Note : It is possible to modify elements 3 & 4 for OVERCURRENT, EARTH FAULT 1 & 2 and SENSITIVE EARTH FAULT (SEF).

(96)

Selective logic

»

New timer settings will be applied as long as blocking signals will be active (PSL

configuration):

Note : if Selective Logic function is disabled, signals such as I>3 Timer Block will

completely block the corresponding element while if Selective Logic function is enabled, element is not blocked anymore but new timer settings will be applied.

(97)

(98)

50 V

V_AN VAN V_BN VCN V_BN V_CN

Voltage Protection

»

Measur’t Mode: Phase-Neutral

(99)

50 V

V_AN

VAN

Voltage Protection

»

Measur’t Mode: Phase-Phase

(100)

Voltage Protection

»

Operating mode:

»

Any phase : protection will start if fault appears on any of the three phases

»

Three Phase : protection will start only if fault appears on the three phases

Note : measurement mode and operating mode are defined for each function UNDER VOLTAGE & OVERVOLTAGE. They will be applied for all elements of each function.

(101)

Voltage Protection

»

Function definition

Settings for a definite time element:

»

Level

»

Timer

Settings for an inverse time curve element (available only for first element V<1 & V>1): T_rev = K / (1 – M)

with :

K = time multiplier setting TMS

(102)

Voltage Protection

»

Inhibition of Under Voltage protection when CB is open

It is possible to block undervoltage elements when CB is open: just enable setting « Poledead Inh »

(103)

(104)

Frequency Protection

»

Function definition

Setting definition:

»

Threashold value

»

Timer

Note : 4 elements available for UNDER FREQUENCY function and 2 elements for OVER FREQUENCY function.

(105)

Frequency Protection

»

Inhibition of Under Frequency protection when CB is open

It is possible to block underfrequency elements when CB is open: just check box « Poledead Blk » for the required element:

(106)

(107)

df/dt protection

»

Function configuration

Element configuration :

»

Threashold value (df/dt rate in Hz/s)

»

Timer (for trip)

»

Direction:

»

Negative for falling frequency conditions operation

»

Positive for rising frequency conditions operation

(108)

df/dt protection

»

Rate of change of frequency calculation

Rate of change calculation on 6 cycles will be faster but less accurate than 12 cycles calculation. Maximum fault detection delay is:

t = 2 x M + 1 (in cycles) where M = df/dt Avg.Cycles

(109)

(110)

Breaker failure

»

CB Fail elements are strictly independant

!

»

CB Fail stage 1 (re-trip) with corresponding timer

»

CB Fail stage 2 (bad-trip) with corresponding timer

Note : after protection trips, if CB is not open before the end of set timer, CB fail element will operate

(111)

Breaker failure

CB Open Bfail 1 activation Trip

CB Fail 1 timer

»

CB Fail function operation

CB Open Trip.

No Breaker Failure

(112)

Breaker failure

Acknowledge CB Fail when it has been started by a non current based protection:

»

I< only : When currents drop below the settings I< Current Set & IN< Current Set.

»

CB Open & I< : When currents drop below the settings I< Current Set & IN<

Current Set AND protection relay receives

external signal for CB open position (from digital input).

»

Prot Reset & I< : When currents drop below the settings I< Current Set & IN< Current Set AND started elements has stopped (fault has disappeared)

(113)

Breaker failure

Acknowledge CB Fail when it has been started by an external protection:

»

I< only : When currents drop below the settings I< Current Set & IN< Current Set.

»

CB Open & I< : When currents drop below the settings I< Current Set & IN<

Current Set AND protection relay receives

external signal for CB open position (from digital input).

»

Prot Reset & I< : When currents drop below the settings I< Current Set & IN< Current Set AND started elements has stopped (fault has disappeared)

(114)

Breaker failure

When CB fail acknowledge criteria I< is used, we define levels of current under which current is considered has disappeared:

»

I< Current Set and IN< Current Set for all functions based on current (except SEF) + protections non based on current + external protections

»

ISEF< Current for Sensitive Earth Fault protection (SEF)

It can be interesting to block start signals for first elements I> and IN> when CB fail conditions occurs: when these signals are used to block another

protection, CB fail allow to stop blocking it so that it can trip corresponding CB.

(115)

(116)

CT & VT Supervision

»

In case of VT failure, VTS can operate as:

»

Indication = an alarm is raised

»

Blocking = optional blocking of voltage dependant protection elements + optional conversion of directional overcurrent elements to non-directional

»

After a VT failure detected by VTS, blocking signal will be latched after the delay VTS Time Delay

»

VTS Reset Mode: Acknowledgement of blocking can be manual (front panel or

communication) or automatic after restoration of the 3 phase voltages (3 V > fix threashold – 30V for Vn=100/120V)

Note : VTS operates when a residual voltage is detected without negative sequence current. In case of loss of voltage on the 3 phases, other calculation will take place to

(117)

CT & VT Supervision

»

It is possible to disable VTS blocking if phase current (or negative seq. current) is above the threashold VTS I> Inhibit (or VTS I2> Inhibit).

»

For example, in case of a close up three phases fault on line energisation, VTS function should not block tripping!

(118)

CT & VT Supervision

»

CT Supervision activation

»

If a zero sequence current appears above the CTS IN> Set and the zero sequence voltage is below the CTS VN< Inhibit, CTS function will operate.

»

An alarm is raised on relay front panel after CTS Time Delay

Note : CTS operates when a zero sequence current (calculated) appears when no zero sequence voltage is measured or calculated.

When CTS function starts, protection functions based on calculated values (such as Broken Conductor, Earth Fault 2, Negative sequence overcurrent…) are automatically blocked.

Other functions can be blocked by customising the PSL using signals « CTS Block » -instantaneous or « CT Fail Alarm » - time delayed:

(119)

(120)

Fault locator

»

Line length can be set in miles or km:

»

Line Impedance: positive sequence line impedance

»

Line Angle: angle of positive sequence impedance

»

kZN Residual: zero sequence line impedance

»

kZn Res Angle: angle of zero sequence impedance

Note : distance to fault is displayed in the fault report. It can be displayed as a distance, as an impedance or as % of line length: