Distance Relay Editor Users Manual

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ASPEN

Distance Relay Editor

V2003

User's Manual

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NOTICE

ASPEN Distance Relay Editor is a proprietary computer program of Advanced Systems for Power Engineering, Inc.

(ASPEN).

The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Advanced Systems for Power Engineering, Inc. assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.

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This User's Manual may be duplicated by the Licensee for its own use. You can order a new copy by writing to the address below. Please refer to document DE-UM -2003.

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Mailing address: ASPEN

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__________________________________________________________________________________

ASPEN DistriView™, ASPEN OneLiner™, ASPEN Power Flow™, ASPEN Overcurrent Relay Editor™, ASPEN Distance Relay Editor™, ASPEN Batch Short Circuit Module™, ASPEN PowerScript™ and ASPEN Relay Database™ are trademarks of Advanced Systems for Power Engineering, Inc.

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SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 OVERVIEW

The distance relay characteristics used by ASPEN OneLiner/DistriView are stored in a binary file called the distance relay library. The ASPEN Distance Relay Editor is an auxiliary program for maintaining the distance relay library.

1.2 DISTANCE RELAY LIBRARY

The distance relay library stores the characteristics of different relay types in a form that can be used by OneLiner/DistriView to simulate the relay operation.

Each relay type in the library is named after a specific commercial make and model of distance relay, such as “GEC Optimho” and “SEL 321”. An exception to this is the collection of six relay types, “GEC-Type”, “GCX-Type”, “KD-Type”, “HX-Type”, “HCZ-Type” and “HZM-Type”, which is required for backward compatibility. You can use the Distance Relay Editor to add any number of relay types to the library and to edit their characteristics. OneLiner/DistriView reads the distance relay library when it begins execution. When you create a new distance relay in OneLiner/DistriView by executing the New | Relay | DS Ground Relay or New | Relay | DS Phase Relay command, the program will display a list of all the available types in the distance relay library and ask you to select one. The relay parameter names and default values within the distance-relay info dialog box will come directly from the distance relay library.

OneLiner/DistriView uses the information in the library to determine which zones are tripped and how long is the time delay when it is asked to display the relay operating time in the main one-line window.

All of these attributes of a relay type can be edited within the Distance Relay Editor. The users’ ability to modify the relay characteristics in the distance relay library is key to OneLiner/DistriView’s flexibility in modeling distance relays.

1.3 ABOUT THIS MANUAL

This User’s Manual will show you how to use the ASPEN Distance Relay Editor to create new distance relay types and to edit the characteristics of existing relay types. It will also describe how distance relays are modeled in OneLiner/DistriView.

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1.4 INSTALLING THE PROGRAM

The Distance Relay Editor is installed during the installation of OneLiner/DistriView. See Section 2 in the Help file located in the ASPEN OneLiner or ASPEN DistriView program group for details .

1.5 STARTING THE PROGRAM

On the Windows desktop, look for a program group for ASPEN OneLiner or DistriView. Inside the program group you will find an icon labeled 'Distance Relay Editor' that looks like this:

Start up the Distance Relay Editor:

1. Double click on the Distance Relay Editor icon to start the program.

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SECTION 2 DISTANCE RELAY MODELING

2.1 WHAT’S IN A RELAY TYPE

The following shows the info dialog box for a distance relay type called “SEL 321”. You can call up this dialog box with the Type | Edit command in the Distance Relay Editor.

The attributes of a distance relay type include the following:

• Type name: An 18-character name that identifies a specific commercial make and model of a distance relay. • Phase Relay: This check box is marked if the type can be used to create a “phase” distance relay in OneLiner

and DistriView.

• Ground Relay: This check box is marked if the type can be used to create a “ground” distance relay in OneLiner and DistriView. Some “ground” relay types models both phase and ground functions. Examples of these are RAZOA and REL316.

• Zone 2 Supervision on OC Relay: This check box is marked if zone 2 of this relay type can supervise a nondirectional, torque-controlled overcurrent relay.

• Memory duration: Duration of the voltage memory. Zero means there is no memory.

• Method of polarization: Available options include “Self Polarized”, “Cross Polarized” and “Positive-Sequence Polarized”.

• Method: The method name is shown immediately above the data grid. (The method is “Quad” in the above illustration.) The method is the basic technology employed by the relay type. Examples of basic relay technologies are balanced-beam, mho and quadrilateral designs. Some of the methods available are designed to model one-of-a-kind designs, such as the RAZOA relay. The Distance Relay Editor asks you to choose a method whenever a relay type is created. Methods will be covered in more detail in Section 2.2.

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• Parameter names and default values: The method you choose for the relay type determines the variables that are needed to model it. The data grid in the above dialog box lists the parameter names and default values. Each parameter is also assigned an index that appears in the first column of the data grid. You can change the parameter names and default values. These will appear in the distance-relay info dialog box in OneLiner and DistriView. However, you cannot change the indices because OneLiner and DistriView use them as parameter identifiers.

2.2 METHODS

Each relay type in the distance relay library is an instance of a method, which encapsulates the basic relay technology. The following is a list of methods currently available:

• GCX: This method simulates the GCX relay, which has a mho characteristics with 2 reactance lines. • HZ: This method simulates the HZ balanced-beam relay with circular characteristics.

• HZM: This method simulates the HZM balanced-beam relay with circular characteristics. Offsets are possible.

• HCZ: This method simulates the 2-zone balanced-beam relay with variable time delay in zone 2. • KD: This method simulates the well-know 3-phase KD phase relay.

• Mho: This method simulates the mho characteristics created by the classic phase-comparator method. • Mho4: This is identical to the “Mho” method, except “Mho4” can have up to four zones (instead of 3). • Quad: This method simulates the quadrilateral relay. Phase comparators are used to model the straight-line

characteristics.

• Quad4: This is identical to the “Quad” method, except “Quad4” has 4 zones (instead of 3) and the resistive blinders for each zone can be specified independently.

• RAZOA: This method simulates the ABB RAZOA relay.

• REL316 and REL316_4: This method simulates the ABB REL316 relay. • REL521 : This method simulates the ABB REL521 relay.

• 7SA513: This method simulates the Siemens 7SA513 relay. • 7SA511: This method simulates the Siemens 7SA511 relay.

More details on each of t hese methods will be given later in this section.

2.3 DISTANCE RELAY SIMULATION IN ONELINER

AND DISTRIVIEW

When you ask to see the relay operating time in the main window of OneLiner or DistriView, the program takes the following steps for each distance relay:

1. The program gets the relay’s type name (e.g., “SEL 321”), which is an attribute of the relay itself.

2. The program then searches the distance relay library for this type name. Once found, the program gets the method name (e.g. “Quad”), memory duration, polarization method, and other attributes from the type record. 3. The program then branches, based on the method name, to the appropriate function to determine the relay

tripping and time delay. The operating time is then shown on the one-line diagram.

When you display the distance relay characteristics on the Distance Relays Window, the logic flow is as follows: 1. The program gets the relay’s type name (e.g., “SEL 321”), which is an attribute of the relay itself.

2. The program then searches the distance relay library for this type name. Once found, the program gets the method name (e.g. “Quad”), memory duration, polarization method, and other attributes from the type record. 3. The program then branches, based on the method name, to the appropriate functions to perform the

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• Draw the relay characteristics.

• Draw the relay caption that summarizes the relay parameters. • Compute the relay tripping and time delay.

• Plot and display in text the apparent impedances and trip/restrain states.

From a programming standpoint, each distance relay method (such as “Quad”) is implemented in OneLiner and DistriView as a collection of four C++ functions that perform the functions listed under item 3 above. The necessary voltage and current phasors and relay parameters are passed to these functions through formal parameters. Starting with Version 6 of DistriView and Version 9 of OneLiner, users have the ability to create custom distance-relay methods through a DLL (dynamic link library) written in C++. Please contact ASPEN’s tech support if you are interested in creating your own relay method.

2.4 VOLTAGE MEMORY AND POLARIZATION

You can specify for each relay type the duration of the voltage memory and the method of polarization. Within OneLiner/DistriView, the logic that simulates the distance relay will use different voltage phasors for polarization depending on the option you select. The polarizing quantity and the duration of the memory, in turn, affect the behavior of the relay immediately after the onset of a fault. (This last point is the subject of numerous technical papers and textbooks and will not be discussed in this User’s Manual.)

The options available for voltage polarization are: • Self polarized

• Cross polarized

• Positive-sequence polarized. These methods are described below.

The memory duration you specify will affect the quantities listed under the column “Quantity Actually Used” in the tables that follow. For a given zone, the program will use the prefault voltages if the memory duration is longer than that zone’s time delay. Otherwise, it will use the post-fault voltages.

The program will always use the post-fault voltages for polarization if the memory duration is zero.

Self Polarized Relays

A self polarized relay makes no attempt to substitute a voltage phasor by phasors of the other possibly healthy phases. This is the simplest method possible.

Phase Relay

Quantity Needed Quantities Actually Used

Vb-Vc Vb-Vc

Vc-Va Vc-Va

Va-Vb Va-Vb

Ground Relay

Va Va

Vb Vb

Vc Vc

Cross Polarized Relays

A cross polarized relay derives the polarizing voltage phasors indirectly from the other phases. See table below. (The symbol “j” denotes the imaginary number equal to the square root of -1.)

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Phase Relay

Vb-Vc -jVa

Vc-Va -jVb

Va-Vb -jVc

Ground Relay

Va j(Vb-Vc)

Vb j(Vc-Va)

Vc j(Va-Vb)

Positive -Sequence Polarized Relays

A positive-sequence polarized relay derives its polarizing voltages by decomposing a positive-sequence phasor, V1, into its symmetrical phase components.

Phase Relay

Vb-Vc -j1.732 V1

Vc-Va (-1.5+j0.866) V1

Va-Vb (1.5+j0.866) V1

Ground Relay

Va V1

Vb (-0.5-j0.866) V1

Vc (-0.5+j0.866) V1

2.5 MHO AND MHO4 METHOD

The Mho method models electromechanical and microprocessor relays with the well-known mho element. This method has provisions fo r reversed zones and offsets. These features, in addition to the choice for voltage polarization and memory duration, should make this method suitable for a large number of commercial relay types. The Mho4 method is identical to the Mho method, except Mho4 has 4 zones, instead of 3.

There are three units in each zone. The Mho method determines whether a unit trips by comparing the phase angle between (V-ZI) and Vp, where Z is the zone reach (sometimes called the replica line impedance), I is the current, V is the voltage, and Vp is the polarizing voltage. The polarizing voltage must lead the quantity (V-ZI) by 90 degrees or more in order for the unit to trip. A zone is considered tripped if any one or more of the three units trip. The voltage V and current I of the three units are listed in the tables below.

Phase Relay

V I

BC Unit Vb-Vc Ib-Ic

CA Unit Vc-Va Ic-Ia

AB Unit Va-Vb Ia-Ib

Ground Relay

V I

A Unit Va Ia + 3 K Io

B Unit Vb Ib + 3 K Io

C Unit Vc Ic + 3 K Io

The polarizing voltage Vp for each unit depends on the option chosen for the relay type. (See section 2.4 for details.) The program logic computes the polarizing voltages separately for each zone. If the time delay of that

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zone is shorter than the voltage memory, then Vp is computed from the prefault voltages. Otherwise, it is computed from post-fault voltages. If a zone has an offset, Vp is replaced by Vp+Z’I, where Z’ is the offset impedance.

The Mho method gives rise to static relay characteristics that are circular. See relay characteristics on the next page.

The parameters for the Mho method are as follows:

Parameter Meaning

Z_1 Imp Zone 1 reach in secondary ohms.

Z_1 Ang Zone 1 characteristic angle in degrees

Z_2 Offset Imp. Zone 2 offset impedance in secondary ohms

Z_2 Offset Ang. Zone 2 offset angle in degrees

Z_2 Delay Zone 2 time delay in seconds

Z_3 Delay Zone 3 time delay in seconds.

Z_3 Frdwrd/Rev Zone 3 direction: 1 for forward; 0 for reversed. The Mho4 method has thes e additional parameters:

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2.6 GCX METHOD

The GCX method is for relay types that have a mho element for zone 3 and reactance lines for zone 1 and 2. The GCX method can be used for both phase and ground relays.

There are three units in each zone. The voltage V and current I processed by the three units are listed in the tables below.

Phase Relay

V I

BC Unit Vb-Vc Ib-Ic

CA Unit Vc-Va Ic-Ia

AB Unit Va-Vb Ia-Ib

Ground Relay

V I

The logic for zone 3 is identical to that for the Mho method.

The reactance-line characteristics are simulated by comparing the phase between (V-XI) and XI. The quantities V and I are identical to those used by the Mho method, and X is the zone reactance. This checking is done separately for the three units in each zone.

The GCX characteristics are shown below.

The parameters for the GCX method are as follows:

Z_1 X Zone 1 reactance in secondary ohms.

Z_2 Delay Zone 2 delay in seconds.

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Z_3 Ang. Zone 3 characteristic angle in degrees.

Z_3 Delay Zone 3 delay in seconds.

2.7 KD METHOD

The KD Method models the original KD relay as well as a number of electromechanical and microprocessor relay types that utilize the same basic technology. The KD Method can be applied to phase relays only.

Each zone has two units: the 3-phase unit and the phase-to-phase unit. The zone reach and the characteristic angle for the two units are specified separately by the user, and they do not have to be the same. For each unit, three voltages, x, y and z are computed based on the voltages, currents and zone reach. The unit is considered tripped if the voltage phasor x-y leads the phasor z-y.

The program logic employs a very short-term self-polarized voltage memory when a phase voltage is below 0.01 secondary volts. The memory-voltage option and duration you selected for the relay type have no effect on this logic. 3-Phase Unit Variable Definition x Va + 1.5 (Ib+Ic) Z y Vb z Vc Phase-To-Phase Unit Variable Definition x Va - (Ia-Ib) Z y Vb z Vc - (Ic-Ib) Z

(Note: The variable Z in the first table is the reach of the 3-phase unit. The variable Z in the second table is the reach of the phase-to-phase unit. The reach of the 3-phase unit and the reach of the phase-to-phase unit need not be identical.)

The KD Method does not allow offsets, but you can have the relay characteristics shifted slightly to include the origin.

The graphical characteristics of the KD Method are the same as those of the Mho Method. The parameters for the KD method are as follows:

Z_1 Imp 3P Zone 1 reach in secondary ohms for the 3-phase unit.

Z_1 Imp PP Zone 1 reach in secondary ohms for the phase-phase unit.

Z_1 Ang 3P Zone 1 characteristic angle in degrees for the 3-phase unit.

Z_1 Ang PP Zone 1 characteristic angle in degrees for the phase-phase unit.

Z_2 Inc. Origin Zone 2 is shifted slightly to include the origin if this value is 1.

Z_3 Inc. Origin Zone 3 is shifted slightly to include the origin if this value is 1.

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Z_3 Frdwrd/Rev Zone 3 direction: 1 for forward; 0 for reversed.

2.8 QUAD AND QUAD4 METHOD

The Quad method is for relay types with quadrilateral characteristics. The Quad method can have up to three zones. All but the first zone can be reversed. This method can be used for both phase and ground relays. The Quad4 method is identical to the Quad method, except Quad4 can have up to 4 zones and the resistive blinders for each zone can be specified independently.

There are three units in each zone. The voltage V and current I processed by the three units are these.

Phase Relay

V I

BC Unit Vb-Vc Ib-Ic

CA Unit Vc-Va Ic-Ia

AB Unit Va-Vb Ia-Ib

Ground Relay

V I

The quadrilateral characteristics consist of a number of straight-line characteristics, each of which is simulated as a phase comparator. To see whether a unit trips requires testing the output of several phase comparators. For example, in order for a unit in zone 1 to trip, all of the following must be true:

1. The directional phase comparator indicates that the fault is in the tripping direction. 2. The right resistive blinder indicates that the fault is to the left of the blinder. 3. The left resistive blinder indicates that the fault is to the right of the blinder. 4. The reactance phase comparator indicates that the fault is below the zone-1 line. The input quantities A and B for each of these comparators are listed below:

A B

Reactance Line V - X I X I

Right “Resistive” Blinder V - R1 I - Z I

Left “Resistive” Blinder -Z I V - R2 I

Directional Line -Z I Vp

In this table, R1 and R2 are the x-axis intercept of the right and left resistive blinders, X is the zone reactance, Z is a unity vector at the characteristic angle, and Vp is the polarizing quantity.

This implementation gives rise to a quadrilateral characteristic shown below. Note the characteristic angle determines the angle of the resistive blinders. The angle of the directional line can be controlled independently.

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The parameters of the Quad method are these:

Charact. Ang. Characteristic angle in degrees

Dir. Blinder Angle Directional blinder angle in degrees

Right Blinder R+ x-axis intercept of the right resistive blinder in secondary ohms Left Blinder R- x-axis intercept of the left resistive blinder in secondary ohms

Z_3 Frdwrd/Rev Zone 3 direction: 1 for forward; 0 for reversed. The parameters of the Quad4 method are these:

Charact. Ang. Characteristic angle in degrees

Dir. Blinder Angle Directional blinder angle in degrees

Z_1 Blinder R+ x-axis intercept of the right resistive blinder in secondary ohms Z_1 Blinder R- x-axis intercept of the left resistive blinder in secondary ohms

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2.9 HZ METHOD

The HZ Method is for relay types of the balanced-beam design. This method can be used for phase relays only. The relay type modeled with the HZ method is assumed to have a built-in directional unit that is identical in design as those in directional overcurrent phase relays. Specifically, the inputs to the three directional units are:

Directional Unit

Vp Current

Phase A Vb-Vc Ia

Phase B Vc-Va Ib

Phase C Va-Vb Ic

The characteristic angle of the phase comparator is such that the maximum torque occurs when the current is 30 degrees ahead of the polarizing voltage. The memory voltage and duration specify for the relay type determines which voltages used to compute the quantity Vp for the directional unit. The memory voltage is not used for other purposes.

The balanced beam relay is modeled as a magnitude comparator. The voltage and current inputs are these:

Zone 1 and Zone 2

V I BC Unit Vb - Vc Ib - Ic CA Unit Vc - Va Ic - Ia AB Unit Va - Vb Ia - Ib Zone 3 V I BC Unit Vb - Vc Ib AB Unit Va - Vb Ia CA Unit Vc - Va Ic

Each zone has three units. Each unit is considered tripped if the magnitude of V is at least 5 volts and the

magnitude of (Z I) is greater than the magnitude of V. A zone is considered tripped if the directional unit indicates that the fault is in the tripping direction and one or more units of that zone are tripped.

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The parameters of the HZ method are listed below:

Z_1 Imp. Zone 1 impedance in secondary ohms.

2.10 HZM METHOD

The HZM Method is for relay types of the balanced-beam design. This method can be used for phase relays only. The relay type modeled with the HZM method is assumed to have a built-in directional unit that is identical in design as those in directional overcurrent phase relays. Specifically, the inputs to the three directional units are:

Directional Unit

Vp Current

Phase A Vb-Vc Ia

Phase B Vc-Va Ib

Phase C Va-Vb Ic

The characteristic angle of the phase comparator is such that the maximum torque occurs when the current is 30 degrees ahead of the polarizing voltage. The memory voltage and duration specify for the relay type determines which voltages used to compute the quantity Vp for the directional unit. The memory voltage is not used for other purposes.

The balanced beam relay is modeled as a magnitude comparator. The voltage and current inputs are these:

V I

BC Unit Vb - Vc Ib - Ic

CA Unit Vc - Va Ic - Ia

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Each zone has three units. Each unit is considered tripped if the magnitude of V is at least 10 volts and the magnitude of (Z I) is greater than the magnitude of V. Offset is achieved by substituting V+Z’I for V, where Z’ is the offset impedance. A zone is considered tripped if the directional unit indicates that the fault is in the tripping direction and one or more units of that zone are tripped.

The characteristics of the HZM method are circles centered at the origin, unless the zones are offset.

The parameters of the HZM method are listed below:

Z_1 Offset Imp. Zone 1 offset impedance in secondary ohms.

2.11 HCZ METHOD

The HCZ Method is also for relay types with the balanced beam design. This method can be used for phase relays only.

The HCZ Method has a directional unit that is exactly the same as HZM method. In fact, it is identical to the HZM method with only these exceptions:

1. The zones cannot be offset. 2. There are only two zones.

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The parameters of the HCZ method are listed here:

HZ Impedance Zone 1 impedance in secondary ohms.

CZ Delay (s/ohm) Zone 2 delay in seconds per secondary ohm.

The program considers zone 2 to be restrained if the time delay is 60 seconds or longer.

2.12 RAZOA METHOD

The RAZOA Method simulates the ABB RAZOA relay. The RAZOA relay has both phase and ground units that respond to phase and ground faults. Within OneLiner and DistriView, however, a RAZOA relay must be

modeled as a “ground” distance relay.

The RAZOA method uses an overcurrent starting logic when the current threshold is set to 0.01A or higher. An under-impedance starting method is used otherwise.

When using the overcurrent starter logic, OneLiner/DistriView uses the following table to determine which of the units are used for a given fault:

Starting PS Switch Position

Element 0 1 2 3 4 5 R A CA A CA A CA S B AB B AB B AB R&S AB AB AB AB AB AB T C BC C BC C BC T&R CA CA CA CA CA CA S&T BC BC BC BC BC BC R&S&T AB AB AB AB AB AB R&N A A A A A A S&N B B B B B B R&S&N B B A A AB AB T&N C C C C C C T&R&N A A A A CA CA S&T&N C C C C BC BC R&S&T&N AB AB AB AB AB AB

In this table, R, S, T and N are overcurrent starting units:

• R is TRUE if the phase ‘a’ current exceeds the phase-current start threshold. • S is TRUE if the phase ‘b’ current exceeds the phase-current start threshold. • T is TRUE if the phase ‘c’ current exceeds the phase-current start threshold. • N is TRUE if the residual current 3Io exceeds the ground-current start threshold.

PS position is an option that can be selected by the user (through a knob on the panel). Depending on the PS position and which of the starting units are enabled, the relay checks one or more of the following units: • Ground units A, B and C.

• Phase unit AB, BC and CA

As an example, for a phase-to-phase fault in front of the relay (between phase ‘b’ and phase ‘c’), the fault currents on phases ‘b’ and ‘c’ enable the starting units S and T. Unit R is not enabled because there is no phase ‘a’ current. Unit N is not enabled because there is no ground current. If the PS position is set at 1, the above table tells us that this fault will be checked by the phase units AB and BC. If the PS position is set at 2, the table tells us that the fault will be check by phase unit BC and ground units B and C. In both cases, the relay will be tripped by the phase unit BC.

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OneLiner/DistriView will display on the distance relay window all the units that are used and the corresponding apparent impedances.

2.13 REL316 METHOD

The REL316 Method simulates the ABB REL316 relay. (Please also see the documentation in section 2.14 for revsion 4 of the REL316 relay.) The REL316 relay has both phase and ground units that respond to phase and ground faults. Within OneLiner and DistriView, a REL316 relay must be modeled as a “ground” distance relay. The REL316 logic simulates both overcurrent and under impedance starter logic. Set parameter I_start to zero to invoke impedance start. The following table is used to determine which of the measuring loop are used for a given fault during the processing period I:

Starting Element Loop measured

R,E RE S,E SE T,E TE R,S RS S,T ST T,R TR R,S,E RS S,T,E ST T,R,E TR R,S,T TR(RS)(ST)

In this table, R, S, T and E are overcurrent starting units:

• R is TRUE if phase ‘a’ current exceeds the phase-current start threshold. • S is TRUE if phase ‘b’ current exceeds the phase-current start threshold. • T is TRUE if phase ‘c’ current exceeds the phase-current start threshold.

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• E is TRUE if residual current 3Io exceeds the ground-current start threshold.

As an example, for a phase-to-phase fault in front of the relay between phase ‘b’ and p hase ‘c’, the fault currents on phases ‘b’ and ‘c’ enable the starting units S and T. Unit R is not enabled because there is no phase ‘a’ current. Unit E is not enabled because there is no ground current.

Processing period I lasts until a trip signal is generated but not longer than 1 cycle. In the processing period II that follows, REL316 relay measures all the loops sequentially. If the measured impedance falls within the under-impedance region the relay generates trip or other signal accordingly. Present version of OneLiner and

DistriView simulates the relay trip signal only. It will display on the distance relay window the trip/restrain state of all the phase and ground units that are used and the corresponding apparent impedances.

The parameters of the REL316 method are listed below:

I_start Overcurrent start trigger. Set to 0 for under-impedance start.

I_phase_min Current enable value.

3U0 Ground fault detector:

= 0: use 3Io only; = 1: use 3Io AND 3Vo; = 2: use 3Io OR 3Vo;

UminFault Neutral voltage enable.

R_load Left blinder line of load area in secondary ohm

Angle_load Angle of load-area upper blinder line in degree

Char.Angle Characteristic angle in degree

Z1_X Zone 1 reactive reach.

RR1 Zone 1 resistive reach.

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Z2_delay Zone 2 time delay.

Z3_X Zone 3 reactive reach

Z3_delay Zone 3 time delay.

Zoverreach_X Overreach zone reactance.

Zrevs_X Reverse zone reactance.

2.14 REL316_4 METHOD

The REL316_4 Method simulates the ABB REL316 relay revision 4. The REL316 method models earlier versions of the relay (see section 2.13). The revision modeled by this method can have different settings for the phase and ground units. It also has many user-enterable parameters that were fixed in earlier versions.

The REL316_4 relay has both phase and ground units that respond to phase and ground faults. Within OneLiner and DistriView, a REL316_4 relay must be modeled as a “ground” distance relay.

The REL316_4 logic simulates both overcurrent and under-impedance starter logic. Set parameter "StartMode" to 1 for under-impedance start or to 0 for overcurrent start. The following table is used to determine which of the measuring loop are used for a given fault during the processing period I:

Starting Element Loop measured

R,E RE S,E SE T,E TE R,S RS S,T ST T,R TR R,S,E RS S,T,E ST T,R,E TR R,S,T TR(RS)(ST)

In this table, R, S, T and E are overcurrent starting units:

• R is TRUE if phase ‘a’ current exceeds the phase-current start threshold. • S is TRUE if phase ‘b’ current exceeds the phase-current start threshold. • T is TRUE if phase ‘c’ current exceeds the phase-current start threshold. • E is TRUE if residual current 3Io exceeds the ground-current start threshold.

As an example, for a phase ‘b’-to-phase ‘c’ fault in front of the relay, the fault currents on phases ‘b’ and ‘c’ enable the starting units S and T. Unit R is not enabled because there is no phase ‘a’ current. Unit E is not enabled because there is no ground current.

Processing period I lasts until a trip signal is generated but not longer than one cycle. In the processing period II that follows, the REL316_4 relay measures all the loops sequentially. If the measured impedance falls within the under-impedance region, the relay will generate a trip (or other) signal. Present version of OneLiner and

DistriView simulate the relay trip signal only. It will display on the distance relay window the trip/restrain state of all the phase and ground units and the corresponding apparent impedances.

The characteristics of a REL316_4 relay are shown below. The ground-unit characterisitics are shown in blue, and the phase-unit characteristics are shown in red.

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The parameters of the REL316_4 method are listed below (Note: All zone reaches are in secondary ohms, all zone delays are in seconds, all currents are in secondary amps, and all voltages are in secondary volts):

I_start Overcurrent start trigger in amperes. Set to 0 for under-impedance start.

GFMode Method for detecting ground faults:

= 0: use 3Io only (The 3Io threshold is entered as MinI in the dialog box) = 1: use 3Io AND 3Vo thresholds

= 2: use 3Io OR 3Vo threshold.

3U0min Neutral voltage (3Vo) threshold for the ground fault detector.

UminFault Minimum voltage at which the fault voltage is used for determining fault

direction.

R_load Resistive blinder for avoiding load encroachment. R_load must be greater than 0

and less than 999 ohms.

Angle_load Limit phase-angle for avoiding load encroachment. Angle_load must be between

15 and 65 degree.

X_1 Pickup line reactance for zone 1.

X=0 disable zone. (Zone 1 cannot be disabled) X< 0 for restraint direction.

R_1 Pickup line resistance for zone 1. (The sign must be the same as for X). R_1 is

nonzero and must be greater than -300 and less than 300.

RR_1 Resistive reach of zone 1 for phase faults. The sign must be the same as for X.

RR_1 is nonzero and must be greater than -300 and less than 300

RRE_1 Resistive reach of zone 1 for ground faults. The sign must be the same as for X.

RRE_1 is nonzero and must be greater than -300 and less than 300

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R_2 Pickup line resistance for zone 2. (The sign must be the same as for X). R_2 is nonzero and must be greater than -300 and less than 300.

Delay_2 Zone 2 time delay. Delay_2 must be greater than or equal to 0 and less than 10.

X_3 Pickup line reactance for zone 3. X=0 disable zone. X< 0 for restraint direction.

Delay_3 Zone 3 time delay. Delay_3 must be greater than or equal to 0 and less than 10.

X_4 Pickup line reactance for zone 4. X=0 disable zone. X< 0 for restraint direction.

Delay_4 Zone 4 or overreach time delay. Delay_4 must be greater than or equal to 0 and

less than 10. If Delay_4 < Delay_2, Delay_4 is for the overeaching zone, otherwise it is for zone 4.

X_Rev Pickup line reactance for the reverse zone. X=0 disable zone. X_Rev must be

greater than -300 and less than or equal to 0.

R_Rev Pickup line resistance for the reverse zone. R_Rev must be greater than -300 and

less than 0.

RR_Rev Resistive reach for reverse zone for phase faults. R_Rev must be greater than

-300 and less than 0

RRE_Rev Resistive reach for reverse zone for ground faults. R_Rev must be greater than

-300 and less than 0

Delay_Def Time delay for the reverse zone. Delay_Def must be greater than or equal to 0

and less than 10.

The operating time of every active distance zone (when the parameter X is not zero) is determined by parameter 'Delay', which has a setting range from 0 to 10s in step of 0.01. The delay for zone 1 is value of "Zone 1 Delay" in the dialog box. The set time must satisfy the following relationship:

• If Delay_4 is zone 4 delay: Delay_1 < Delay_2 < Delay_3 < Delay_4 < Delay_Def

• If Delay_4 is overreach zone delay: Delay_1 < Delay_4 < Delay_2 < Delay_3 < Delay_Def

2.15 REL 521 METHOD

The REL 521 method models the ABB REL-521 relay. This method models the phase or the ground function within the REL-521 relay. Within OneLiner and DistriView, REL 521 relay can be added as either a phase or a ground distance relay.

The user can set each zone as forward directional, reverse directional, or non-directional. The polygon tripping characteris tics consist of a number of straight-line characteristics, which are commonly referred to as the

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reactance-reach lines, the resistance-reach lines, and the directional lines. The relay model permits separate setting of the reactance X and the resistance R for each zone.

The REL-521 method has five zones. If the relay is modeled as a phase relay, each zone is made up of three units: L1-L2, L2-L3 and L3-L1. If the relay is modeled a ground relay, each zone is made up of three units : L1-G, L2-G and L3-G. For the distance measurement, actual measured voltages are used. For the directional determination, the sound phase and stored reference voltages are used. The table below summaries these quantities for the phase and ground units.

REL-521 Phase Distance Relay

Measured Loop Measured current (distance) Meausred voltage (distance) Measured current (direction) Meausred voltage (direction) L1-L2 Ia - Ib Vab Ia - Ib Vbc - Vca L2-L3 Ib - Ic Vbc Ib - Ic Vca - Vab L3-L1 Ic - Ia Vca Ic - Ia Vab - Vbc

Note: Vbc is shorthand for Vb -Vc, Vca is Vc -Va, and Vab is Va -Vb.

REL-521 Ground Distance Relay

Measured Loop Measured current (distance) Meausred voltage (distance) Measured current (direction) Meausred voltage (direction) L1-G Ia + 3 K Io Va Ia Vbc L2-G Ib + 3 K Io Vb Ib Vca L3-G Ic + 3 K Io Vc Ic Vab

Note: In OneLiner, you can enter two different values of ‘K’ for the ground unit. K1 is for zone 1. K2 is for the other zones. (This capability will be implemented in a future update of DistriView.)

For directional determination, the relay uses prefault voltages when (1) the zone delay is below the memory time or (2) when the directional quadrature voltages are too low in magnitude. The memory time of a REL-521 relay starts at two cycles, and can automatically extend until the positive sequence voltage exceeds 10% of its rated value.

To see whether the relay trips requires the computation and testing of various distance and directional quantities. For example, in order for a unit in zone 1 of a ground relay to trip, all of the following must be true for one of the three units of zone 1:

1. The resistance-line phase comparator indicates that the fault is within the resistive zone-1 reach. 2. The reactance-line phase comparator indicates that the fault is within the reactance zone-1 reach. 3. The relay’s directional logic indicates that the fault is within the operational direction of zone 1.

The polygonal characteristic of a REL-521 relay is shown below. The ground-unit characterisitics are shown in blue, and the phase-unit characteristics are shown in red

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The parameters of the REL 521 method are these (Note: All zone reaches are in secondary ohms, all delays are in seconds, and all angles are in degrees):

ArgDir Lower angle of forward direction charactoristics (5 ≤ ArgDir ≤ 45). Angle is

defined with reference to R-axis in clockwise direction.

ArgNegRes Upper angle of forward direction charactoristics (90 ≤ ArgNegRes ≤ 175). Angle

is defined with reference to R-axis in couter clockwise direction.

ZM1 Operation mode and directionality of zone 1. 0 = Off, 1 = Non-directional, 2 =

Forward, and 3 = Reverse. Set ZM1 to 0 to disable zone 1.

ZM1_Xline Zone 1 reactance. Set ZM1_Xline to X1PP for a phase relay, or ZM1_Xline =

X1PE + X0PE for a ground relay. (X1PP, X1PE and X0PE are setting parameters of the relay).

ZM1_Rline Zone 1 resistance. Set ZM1_Rline to R1PP for a phase relay, or ZM1_Rline=R1PE

+ R0PE for a ground relay. (R1PP, R1PE and R0PE are setting parameters of the relay).

ZM1-RF Resistive reach of zone 1. Set ZM1-RF to ZM1_RFPP for a phase relay, or set

ZM1-RF to ZM1_RFPE for a ground relay. (ZM1_RFPP and ZM1_RFPE are setting parameters of the relay).

ZM2_Xline Zone 2 reactance. Set ZM2_Xline to ZM2_X2PP for a phase relay or ZM2_Xline

= ZM2_X2PE + ZM2_X0PE for a ground relay.

ZM2_Rline Zone 2 resistance. Set ZM2_Rline to ZM2_R2PP for a phase relay or

ZM2_Rline=ZM2_R2PE + ZM2_R0PE for a ground relay.

ZM2-RF Resistive reach of zone 2. ZM2-RF = ZM2_RFPP for Ph-Ph faults or set ZM2-RF

to ZM2_RFPE for a ground relay.

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ZM3 Operation mode and directionality of zone 3. 0 = Off, 1 = Non-directional, 2 = Forward, and 3 = Reverse. Set ZM3 to 0 to disable zone 3.

ZM3_Xline Zone 3 reactance. Set ZM3_Xline to ZM3_X3PP for a phase relay, or ZM3_Xline

ZM3-RF Resistive reach of zone 3. Set ZM3-RF to ZM3_RFPP for a phase relay or set

ZM3-RF to ZM3_RFPE for a ground relay.

ZM3-T3 Time delay of zone 3.

ZM4_Xline Zone 4 reactance. Set ZM4_Xline to ZM4_X4PP for a phase relay or ZM4_Xline

ZM4-RF Resistive reach of zone 4. Set ZM4-RF to ZM4_RFPP for a phase relay or set

ZM5_Xline Zone 5 reactance. Set ZM5_Xline to ZM5_X5PP for a phase relay, or ZM5_Xline

ZM5_Rline Zone 5 resistance. Set ZM5_Rline to ZM5_R5PP for a phase relay, or

ZM5-RF Resistive reach of zone 5. Set ZM5-RF to ZM5_RFPP for a phase relay, or set

The delay for zone 1 is value of "Zone 1 Delay" in the dialog box.

2.16 7SA513 METHOD

The 7SA513 method simulates Siemans relay 7SA513. This relay can have up to three zones. All zones can be set as forward directional, reverse directional, or non-directional. This relay has both phase and ground units that respond to phase to phase and phase to ground fault. Within OneLiner and DistriView, a 7SA513 relay must be added as “ground” distance relay.

The polygon tripping characteristics consist of a number of straight-line characteristics, which are reactance reach lines, resistance reach lines, and directional lines. Separate setting of the reactance X and the resistance R is permited for each zone. Resistance R can be set separately for faults with and without ground involvement. Each zone can be set forward, reverse or non-directionally. To see whether a unit trips requires testing the output of apparent impedance and relay directional determination. For example, in order for a unit in zone 1 to trip a single-line-to-ground fault, all of the following must be true:

1. The resistance-line phase comparitor indicates that the fault is within the resistive zone-1 reach. 2. The reactance-line phase comparitor indicates that the fault is within the reactance zone-1 reach. 3. The relay’s directional logic indicates that the fault is within the operational direction of zone 1.

For the distance measurement, actual measured voltages are used; for the directional determination, sound phase and stored reference voltages are used:

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Measured Loop Measured current (distance) Meausred voltage (distance) Measured current (direction) Meausred voltage (direction) L1-G Ia + 3 K Io Va Ia Vbc L2-G Ib + 3 K Io Vb Ib Vca L3-G Ic + 3 K Io Vc Ic Vab L1-L2 Ia - Ib Vab Ia - Ib Vbc - Vca L2-L3 Ib - Ic Vbc Ib - Ic Vca - Vab L3-L1 Ic - Ia Vca Ic - Ia Vab - Vbc

For directional determination, when the directional quadrature voltages are not sufficient because of multiple faults, especially three-phase faults, prefault stored voltages are used when the trip time is below memory time. The memory time starts with two cycles, and can automatically extend up to 20 cycles. If the relay does not trip within 20 cycles, the directional voltages will take current quadrature voltages afterwards. This implementation gives rise to a 7SA513 polygonal characteristic shown below. Note that the angles of the two directional lines can be controlled independently.

The polygonal characteristic of 7SA513 relay is shown below. The ground-unit characterisitics are shown in blue, and the phase-unit characteristics are shown in red

The parameters of the 7SA513 method are these:

Alpha 1 Directional angle 1 (must be between -90 and 90 degrees)

Alpha 2 Directional angle 2 (must be between 0 and 180 degrees)

X1 Zone 1 reactance in secondary ohms.

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R1E Zone 1 resistance fault detection in secondary ohms for ground fault.

R1 Zone 1 resistance fault detection in secondary ohms for phase fault.

T2P Zone 2 delay for single-phase faults.

T2PP Zone 2 delay for multi-phase faults.

Z2_Fwd(1)/Rev(0)/Non(2) Zone 2 direction: 1 for forward; 0 for reversed; 2 for non-directional.

R2E Zone 2 resistance fault detection in secondary ohms for ground fault

T3 Zone 3 delay for all faults.

Z3_Fwd(1)/Rev(0)/Non(2) Zone 3 direction: 1 for forward; 0 for reversed; 2 for non-directional.

R3E Zone 3 resistance fault detection in secondary ohms for ground fa ult.

The delay for zone 1 is value of "Zone 1 Delay" in the dialog box.

2.17 7SA511 METHOD

The 7SA511 method simulates the Siemens 7SA511 relay. This relay can have up to five zones: Zone 1 Z1, zone 2 Z2, zone 3 Z3, overreach zone 1B and overreach zone 1L Z1L. All zones can be set as forward directional, reverse directional, or non-directional.

The tripping zones of the 7SA511 relay have a polygonal characteristic. They consist of the directional line, a reactance and resistance limit. Reactance intersection X and resis tance intersection R can be set separately and independently from each other. In addition, the R-intersections can b e set separately for phase-phase faults and phase-earth faults (RE) so that a higher resistance margin can be obtained for earth faults, if required. This implementation gives rise to a 7SA511 polygonal characteristic shown below. The ground-unit characterisitics are shown in blue, and the phase-unit characteristics are shown in red

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To see whether a unit trips requires testing the output of apparent impedance and realy directional determination. For example, in order for a unit in zone 1 to trip a 1LG fault, all of the following must be true:

1. The resistance-line phase comparitor indicates that the fault is within the resistive zone-1 reach. 2. The reactance-line phase comparitor indicates that the fault is within the reactance zone-1 reach. 3. The relay’s directional logic indicates that the fault is within the operational direction of zone 1.

For distance measurement, actual measured voltages are used; for the directional determination, sound phase and stored reference voltages are used:

Measured Loop Measured current (distance) Meausred voltage (distance) Measured current (direction) Meausred voltage (direction) L1-G Ia + 3 K Io Va Ia Vbc L2-G Ib + 3 K Io Vb Ib Vca L3-G Ic + 3 K Io Vc Ic Vab L1-L2 Ia - Ib Vab Ia - Ib Vbc - Vca L2-L3 Ib - Ic Vbc Ib - Ic Vca - Vab L3-L1 Ic - Ia Vca Ic - Ia Vab - Vbc

When the relay detects a fault, the delay timer are started. The impedance of the selected fault loop is compared with the threshold of the set zones. Tripping occurs when the impedance is within a zone whose corresponding time stage has expired and the fault direction agrees with the direction set for that zone. For zone Z1 (and Z1B overreach) the delay time can equal zero, meaning that tripping occurs as soon as it has been confirmed that the fault lies within the zone.

For directional determination, when the directional quadrature voltages are not sufficient, prefault stored voltages are used when the trip time is below the memory time. The memory time starts with two cycles, and can

automatically extend up to cycles. If the relay does not trip within 20 cycles, the directional voltages will take current quadrature voltages afterwards.

The parameters of the 7SA511 method are these (Note: All zone reaches are in secondary ohms, and all delays are in seconds):

Z1 Zone 1 enable. 0 for disabled, 1 for non-directional, 2 for forward and 3 for reverse.

Z1-X Zone 1 reactance reach. Z1-X must be greater than 0.05 and less than 130.

Z1-R Zone 1 resistance phase-phase. Z1-R must be greater than 0.05 and less than 65.

Z1-RE Zone 1 resistance phase-earth. Z1-RE must be greater than 0.05 and less than 65

Z2-RE Zone 2 resistance phase-earth. Z2-RE must be greater than 0.05 and less than 65.

Z2-T Zone 2 delay. Z2-T must be greater than or equal to 0 and less than 32.

Z3-RE Zone 3 resistance phase-earth. Z3-RE must be greater than 0.05 and less than 65.

Z3-T Zone 3 delay. Z3-T must be greater than or equal to 0 and less than 32.

Z1B Overreach zone 1B enable. 0 for disabled, 1 for non-directional, 2 for forward and 3

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Z1B-X Overreach zone 1B reactance = reach. Z1B-X must be greater than 0.05 and less than 130.

Z1B-R Overreach zone 1B resistance phase-phase. Z1B-R must be greater than 0.05 and

less than 65.

Z1B-RE Overreach zone 1B resistance phase-earth phase. Z1B-RE must be greater than 0.05

and less than 65.

Z1B-T Overreach zone 1B delay. Z1B-T must be greater than or equal to 0 and less than

32.

Z1L Overreach zone 1L enable. 0 for disabled, 1 for non-directional, 2 for forward and 3

for reverse.

Z1L-X Overreach zone 1L reactance = reach. Z1L-X must be greater than 0.05 and less

than 130.

Z1L-R Overreach zone 1L resistance phase-phase Z1L-R must be greater than 0.05 and

less than 65.

Z1L-RE Overreach zone 1L resistance phase-earth. Z1L-RE must be greater than 0.05 and

less than 65.

Z1L-T Overreach zone 1L delay. Z1L-T must be greater than or equal to 0 and less than

32.

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SECTION 3 COMMAND REFERENCE

3.1 INTRODUCTION

This section documents the commands in the Main Window.

_________________________________________________________________________

Main Window Commands

The Main Window opens libraries and distance relay types. The commands in the Main Window are described in Section 3.2.

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3.2 MAIN WINDOW COMMANDS

The Main Window contains commands for manipulating libraries and relay types. The Main Window is initially gray when the program begins execution. After a library is opened, the name of the library is shown in the title bar of the Main Window.

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Main Window

FILE MENU

NEW COMMAND

The New command lets you create a new distance relay library.

This feature is not available in this version. You can create a new library now by copying an existing library to another file and editing it.

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Main Window

FILE MENU

OPEN COMMAND

The Open command lets you open an existing library for editing. TO OPEN AN EXISTING LIBRARY:

1. Select the File | Open command.

A dialog box will appear asking you for the name of the library that you want to open.

2. Use the controls in the standard file dialog box to specify the name of the library. 3. Click on "Open" to close the dialog box.

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Main Window

FILE MENU

SAVE COMMAND

The Save command saves the current library to disk under the current library name. The contents of the old library are overwritten by the new information. It is wise to periodically save the file you are editing to guard against information loss in the event of a program or system failure.

TO SAVE A LIBRARY:

1. Select the File | Save command.

The cursor will turn into an hourglass while the current library is being written to disk. You may continue working after the cursor is restored to the original arrow shape.

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Main Window

FILE MENU

SAVE AS COMMAND

The Save As command saves the current library to the disk under a different name. The original library is not altered or saved. After you execute this command, the library is saved to this new file whenever the Save command is used.

TO SAVE THE LIBRARY UNDER A NEW NAME:

1. Select the File | Save As command.

A dialog box will appear asking you to specify the name of the library.

2. Use the controls in the standard file dialog box to specify the name of the library.

You should name all your library files with the .DRL extension.

3. Click on "OK".

The cursor will turn into an hourglass while the current library is being written to disk. The new file name will appear in the caption bar of the Main Window. You may continue working after the cursor is restored to the original arrow shape.

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Main Window

FILE MENU

EXIT COMMAND

This command lets you close the current library and shut down the Distance Relay Editor. TO EXIT THE DISTANCE RELAY EDITOR:

1. Select the File | Exit command.

If no library has been opened or if the current library has not been changed, the Main Window of the program will simply disappear.

If the current library has been modified, a dialog box will appear asking you whether the changes should be saved.

2. Click on "Yes" if you wish to save the updated library; otherwise click on "No".

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Main Window

TYPE MENU

EDIT COMMAND

This command allows you to view and edit relay types. You can also create new relay types and delete existing relay types.

TO VIEW A LIST OF RELAY TYPES:

1. Select the Type | Edit command.

A dialog box will appear displaying all the relay types in the relay library.

TO DELETE A RELAY TYPE:

1. Select the relay type to be deleted from the list box. Then, click on "Delete".

The selected relay type will be removed from the list box.

Note: The program does not allow you to delete any of the five generic

relay types, “CEY-Type”, “GCX-Type”, “KD-Type”, “HCZ-Type” and “HZM-Type”, which are required for backward compatibility.

2. Click on "Close" to close the dialog box.

TO ADD A NEW RELAY TYPE:

1. Click on the "Add" button.

A dialog box will appear asking for the relay method. The methods currently available are listed in the dialog box.

2. Select the relay method and click on "OK".

A dialog box will appear asking for the relay type parameters. The method name is shown immediately above the data grid.

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3. Enter the 'Type' name.

The relay type name must be unique and can have up to 18 characters.

4. Click on the 'Phase Relay' check box if this type may be a phase distance relay. 5. Click on the 'Ground Relay' check box if this type may be a ground distance

relay.

6. Click on the 'Zone 2 Supervision on OC Relay' check box if zone 2 of this relay type can supervise a nondirectional, torque-controlled overcurrent relay. 7. Enter the voltage memory duration in "Memory".

Zero means there is no memory. The program will use the prefault voltages for polarization if the time delay is less than this duration; otherwise, it will use the post-fault voltages for polarization.

8. Click on the drop down list box and select a method of polarization.

Available options include “Self Polarized”, “Cross Polarized” and “Positive-Sequence Polarized”.

9. Specify the name and default value for each of the parameters in the data grid.

The method you choose for the relay type determines the parameters that are required to model it. These parameters are listed in the data grid. Each parameter is assigned an index which is used by OneLiner/DistriView as a parameter identifier. You cannot change these indices. However, you can change the parameter names and default values, which will appear in the distance-relay info dialog box in OneLiner/DistriView. The parameter name can have up to 24 characters.

10. Click on "OK" to close the dialog box.

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TO VIEW OR EDIT A RELAY TYPE:

1. Select the relay type to be edited or viewed from the list box. Then, click on "Edit".

A dialog box will appear displaying the parameters of the relay type and method.

2. View or edit the parameters of the relay type and method.

See previous page for explanation of the parameters.

Note: The program does not allow you to edit any of the five generic

relay types, “CEY-Type”, “GCX-Type”, “KD-Type”, “HCZ-Type” and “HZM-Type”, which are required for backward compatibility. The OK button is dimmed for these types.

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Main Window

TYPE MENU

COPY FROM ANOTHER LIBRARY COMMAND

This command lets you copy distance relay types from another distance relay library. TO COPY RELAY TYPES FROM ANOTHER LIBRARY:

1. Select the Type | Copy from Another Library command.

A dialog box will appear asking you for the name of the library from which you would like to copy.

2. Use the controls in the standard file dialog box to specify the name of the library. Then, click on "Open" to close the dialog box.

A dialog box will appear listing the distance relay types in the relay library you specified.

3. Select the relay types you would like to copy. Click on "Select All" to copy all relay types or click on them individually in the list box.

The relay types you have selected will become highlighted.

4. Click on "Copy".

The selected relay types will be copied into the distance relay library.

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Main Window

VIEW MENU

TOOLBAR COMMAND

This command lets you show or hide the toolbar. TO SHOW OR HIDE THE TOOLBAR:

1. Select the View | Toolbar command.

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Main Window

VIEW MENU

STATUS BAR COMMAND

This command lets you show or hide the status bar. TO SHOW OR HIDE THE STATUS BAR:

1. Select the View | Status Bar command.

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Index

7

7SA511 METHOD 26 7SA513 METHOD 24 7SA521 Method 21

C

Copy Relay Types from Another Library 39

D

Distance Relay Editor exit 35

Distance Relay Library create new 31 open 32 save 33 save as 34

E

Edit Command 36 Exit Command 35

G

GCX Method 9

H

HCZ Method 15 HZ Method 13 HZM Method 14

K

KD Method 10

M

Method RAZOA 16 REL316 17 Methods 5 7SA511 26 7SA513 24 7SA521 21 GCX 9 HCZ 15 HZ 13 HZM 14 KD 10

Mho and Mho4 7 Quad and Quad4 11 RAZOA 16

REL316_4 19

Mho and Mho4 Method 7

N

New Command 31

O

Open Command 32

P

Polarization 6 cross polarized 6 positive-sequence 7 self polarized 6

Q

Quad and Quad4 Method 11

R

RAZOA Method 16 REL316 Method 17 REL316_4 Method 19 Relay Type 2, 4, 5 delete 36 edit 36 view 36

S

Save As Command 34 Save Command 33 Status Bar Command 41

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T

Toolbar Command 40

Distance Relay Editor Users Manual

ASPEN