Cat Muscles - Origin, Insertion, Action

(1)

* Interchangeable 1

Clavobrachialis + Clavotrapezius = Cephalobrachial

CAT MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Origin, Insertion and Action Table

Muscles of the Abdominal Wall

Origin Insertion Action

External Oblique lumbodorsal fascia and

posterior ribs

extensive neurosis passing through the linea alba

constrictor of the abdomen

Internal oblique second sheet of the

lumbodorsal fascia; border of the pelvic girdle

linea alba (through extensive aponeurosis)

compressor of the abdomen

Transversus

Rectus abdominis anterior end of the pubic

symphysis

sternum and costal cartilages

retracts ribs and sternum; compressor of the abdomen

Muscles of the Chest

Pectoantibrachialis manubrium flat tendon on the fascia of

the forearm

draws arms towards the chest

Pectoralis major sternum; median ventral

raphe humerus

Pectoralis minor sternum humerus

Xiphihumeralis sternum humerus

Muscles of the Neck and Throat

Sternomastoid median raphe and

manubrium

lambdoidal ridge into mastoid process

turn head; draw head to neck

Sternohyoid sternum basihyoid draws hyoid posteriorly

Sternothyroid sternum thyroid cartilage of the

larynx pulls larynx posteriorly

Thyrohyoid thyroid cartilage posterior horn of the

hyoid raises the larynx

Cleidomastoid * mastoid process of

temporal * clavicle

pulls clavicle craniad or turns head; draw head to neck

Clavobrachialis 1 clavicle; fibers of

(2)

Masseter zygomatic arch posterior half of lateral

surface of mandible elevator of lower jaw

Temporal

superior nuchal line to zygromatic process; part of the zygomatic arch

coronoid process of

mandible elevator of lower jaw

Digastric jugular and mastoid

process of skull mandible depressor of mandible

Mylohyoid mandible median raphe

raises floor of the mouth; brings hyoid forward

Geniohyoid mandible near symphysis body of the hyoid draws hyoid forward

Muscles of the Back and Shoulder

Latissimus dorsi

neural spine of last thoracic and most lumbars; lumbodorsal fascia

tendon on medial surface of humerus

pulls forelimb dorsally and caudally

Levator scapulae ventralis

transverse process of atlas and occipital bone

metacromion process and neighboring fascia

draws the scapula craniad

Clavotrapezius

superior nuchal line; median dorsal line of the neck

clavicle draws clavicle dorsad

and craniad

Acromiotrapezius neural spines of cervical

and first thoracic

metacromion process and spine of scapula; fascia of clavotrapezius

draws scapula dorsad and holds two scapula together

Spinotrapezius spines of the thoracic

vertebrae fascia of scapula

draws scapula dorsad and caudad

Rhomboideus neural spines of vertebrae

and adjacent ligaments

vertebral column of

scapula draws scapula dorsad

Rhomboideus capitis superior nuchal line scapula draws scapula craniad;

rotates scapula

Splenius middorsal line and fascia superior nuchal line raises or turns the head

Supraspinatus whole surface of

supraspinous fossa

greater tuberosity of

humerus extends the humerus

Infraspinatus whole surface of

infraspinous fossa

greater tuberosity of

humerus rotates the humerus

Subscapularis subscapular fossa lesser tuberosity of

humerus

pulls the humerus medially

(3)

Clavodeltoid (also Clavobrachial)

clavicle and fibers of the

clavotrapezius ulna _{raises and rotates the}

humerus

Acromiodeltoid acromion of scapula surface of other deltoids

Spinodeltoid spine of scapula deltoid ridge of humerus

Teres major

axillary border of scapula; fascia of neighboring muscles

tendon on medial surface of humerus

rotates the humerus and lowers the humerus

Teres minor axillary border of scapula greater tuberosity assists the infraspinatus

Serratus ventralis

slips from first 9 or 10 ribs; transverse process of last 5 cervical vertebrae

scapula near vertebral border

draws the scapula craniad; ventrad and against thoracic wall

Serratus dorsalis aponeurosis from medial

dorsal line last ribs draws the ribs forward

Scalenes ribs transverse process of

cervical vertebra

draws rib forward, bend the neck

External intercostals posterior margin of the rib anterior margin of

adjacent posterior rib bring ribs forward

Internal intercostals anterior margin of the rib posterior margin of

adjacent posterior rib draw ribs back

Multifidus spinae lumbar pleurapophyses neural spine of the

vertebra extends vertebral column Sacrospinalis a) Semispinalis b) Longissimus c) Iliocostalis

various parts of more posterior sacral, lumbar, thoracic and cervical vertebrae

neural processes of more anterior vertebrae

extends and flexes vertebral column

Muscles of the Upper Arm

Triceps brachii

(anconeus) distal end of the humerus lateral surface of ulna

strengthens elbow joint; rotates ulna Epitrochlearis/ Extensor

antibrachii latissimus dorsi olecranon rotate the ulna

Biceps brachii glenoid fossa radius

flexor of the forearm

Brachialis lateral surface of humerus ulna

Muscles of the Forearm

Extensor carpi ulnaris

lateral epicondyle of humerus; semilunar notch of ulna

proximal end of fifth (5th)

metacarpal

extends 5th digit and

(4)

External digitorum

lateralis lateral surface of humerus

above the lateral epicondyle

tendons internal to wrist

ligaments extends 3 or 4 digits

External digitorum communis Supinator longus/

Brachioradialis middle of humerus

lower end of radius and adjacent ligaments

rotates hand to supine position

Extensor carpi radialis humerus second and third

metacarpals extends hand

Pronator teres

medial epicondyle of humerus

radius rotates radius to prone

position

Flexor carpi radialis second and third

metacarpals

flexes second and third metacarpals

Palmaris longus tendons passing through

wrist ligaments flexor of digits

Flexor profundus

digitorum ulna and humerus basal phalanges general flexor of fingers

Flexor carpi ulnaris medial epicondyle of

humerus; olecranon pisiform bone of wrist flexes ulnar side of wrist

Muscles of the Thigh

Gluteus medius

adjacent fascia; crest of ilium, lateral surface of ilium, transverse process of last sacral and first caudal vertebra

greater trochanter of

femur abduct thigh

Gluteus maximus

fascia and transverse processes of last sacral and first caudal vertebra

fascia abduct thigh

Caudofemoralis transverse processes of 2

nd

and 3rd caudal vertebra patella

abduct thigh; extends shank

Sartorius crest and ventral border of

ilium

proximal end of the tibia & patella and fascia & ligaments between

adductor and rotator of the thigh;extensor of shank

Tensor fascia latae ilium and neighboring

fascia fascia lata tightens the fascia latae

Biceps femoris tuberosity of ischium patella and tibia; fascia of

shank

abduct thigh; flexes shank

Quadriceps femoris

a) Vastus lateralis greater trochanter and

surface of femur

patella and adjacent

ligaments extensor of the shank

b) Rectus femoris ilium near acetabulum

c) Vastus medialis femur

(5)

Gracilis ischial and pubic symphysis

aponeurosis which passes

to tibia adducts leg

Adductor longus and

Adductor femoris pubis femur adduct thigh

Semimembranosus ischium

medial epicondyle of femur, proximal end of tibia

extends thigh

Semitendinosus transverse process of

second caudal vertebrae fascia of shank extends thigh

Muscles of the Shank

Tibialis anterior proximal parts of tibia and

fibula first (1

st

) metatarsal flexor of foot

Extensor digitorum longus

lateral epicondyle of femur

tendon inserted on each

digit extensor of digits

Peroneus fibula metatarsals and digits extensor and flexor of

foot Gastrocnemius

surface fascia; femur, tendon, and fascia of

plantaris _calcaneus

extensor of foot

Soleus fibula extensor of foot

Plantaris patella and femur flexor of digits

Flexor digitorum longus tibia, fibula, adjacent

fascia phalanges flexor of digits

Tibialis posterior tibia, fibula, fascia scaphoid and medial

cuneiform of ankle extensor of foot

References:

Hyman, LH. 1965. Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. Chicago, USA: The University of Chicago Press. Sia, AJ. n.d. Cat Muscular System. Manila, Philippines: Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences,