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M P h i l / P h D

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A large-print version of this document is available

and alternative formats can be provided on

request.

Please contact Disabilities Support for

assistance.

Telephone: 020 7612 6641

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Key dates and library opening hours 1

Dates of term 1

Library opening hours 1

Dates of closure 2014-2015 1

Contacts and general information 2 Doctoral School Academic Administration 2 Doctoral School Academic Staff 3

Introduction 5

1. Registration Requirements

6

1.1 Course of study 6

1.2 Acceptance as a doctoral student 6 1.3 Length of course of study 6

Minimum period 6

Maximum period 7

1.4 Full-time and part-time study 7 1.5 Residence requirements for the MPhil/PhD 7 1.6 Transfer between full-time and part-time study 8 1.7 Leave of absence for fieldwork for the MPhil/PhD 9

1.8 Enrolment formalities 9

1.9 Verification of qualifications 10

Change of name 10

1.10 Change of contact details and IOE email communication 10 1.11 Statements of registration 10

1.12 Absence 11

1.13 Interruption in course 11

1.14 Writing up fee 12

1.15 Refund of tuition fee following withdrawal 13

1.16 Complaints procedure 13

2. Doctoral Training at the Institute for MPhil/PhD Student

14

2.1 Research training programme 14 2.2 Between you and your supervisor 15

3. Supervision

16

3.1 Allocation of supervisor(s) and advisory panel 16 3.2 Responsibilities of the supervisor and the student 16 3.3 The relationship between student and supervisor 16

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Feedback 17

Advice on progress 17

Seeking advice from other sources 18

3.4 Change of supervisor 18

3.5 Advisory panel 18

4. Your Thesis

20

4.1 Getting started on the thesis 20

4.2 Ethical issues 21

4.3 Writing up the thesis 25

4.4 Literary presentation 26

4.5 Plagiarism 26

4.6 Referencing style and acknowledgement of sources 27 4.7 Intellectual property rights 30 4.8 Practice/performance PhDs 30

5. Monitoring of Progress

31

5.1 Annual progress review 31

5.2 Upgrade 32

5.3 Independent reading of draft thesis 32 5.4 Special progress review status 33 5.5 Withdrawal for academic or personal reasons 33

6. Upgrading of Registration from MPhil to PhD

34

6.1 Timing of upgrading 34

6.2 Application procedure and upgrade submission 35

6.3 Upgrade submission 36

6.4 Consideration of the application 36

Upgrading panel 36

Interview with upgrading panel 36 If the student is unable to attend the interview 37 6.5 Outcome of the application 37 If the upgrade is recommended 38 If the upgrade is not recommended 38 Disagreement among upgrade panel members 38

Appeal 39

7. Requirements of the Thesis

40

7.1 Regulations: criteria for PhD and MPhil 40 7.2 Extension to the prescribed word length of PhD theses 42

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8.1 Criteria for thesis 44

8.2 Title of thesis 44

8.3 Earliest date for submission of the thesis 44 8.4 Timing of application for entry to examination 44

8.5 Application procedure 45

8.6 Fee for fee remitted staff and those who re-enter 45 8.7 Special arrangements for students with a disability or medical

problem 45

8.8 Submission, format and binding of thesis for MPhil and PhD 45 8.9 Appointment of examiners 47 8.10 Arranging the viva voce and conduct of examination 47

8.11 Independent chair 48

8.12 Notification of result 49

8.13 Degree diploma 49

8.14 Degree award ceremonies 49

8.15 Appeals procedure 50

9. Conduct of Examination and Thesis Format Instructions

51

9.1 Instructions and notes on submission, format and binding 51

Number of hard copies 51

Presentation 52 Paper 52 Layout 52 Pagination 52 Title page 52 Abstract 52

Declaration and word count 52

Table of contents 53

Illustrative material 53

Practice/performance PhDs 53

Binders 53

9.2 Conduct of examination for the degree of MPhil and PhD 53

Eligibility to examine 53

Timetable for examination 53 Preliminary independent reports 54

Oral examination 54

The result of the examination 56 Reporting on the examination 56 Notification to the candidate 58 Examination of re-entry candidates 59

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assistance 59 Examiners’ fees and expenses 59

Equal opportunities 59

Appeals procedure 60

Research degree examinations at the Institute of Education 60

10. Sources of Advice and Support

61

10.1 Your supervisor 61

10.2 Other sources of academic support 61

10.3 Disability support 61

10.4 Additional support and advice 62 Appendix 1:

Turnitin Plagiarism Detection Service 63 Annex:

Requirements for students registered under University of London regulations 66 A.1 University of London MPhil/PhD regulations 66

A.2 Programme of study 67

A.3 Written assignments 67

A.4 Upgrading of registration from MPhil to PhD 72 A.5 Regulations on criteria for University of London PhD and MPhil 77

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Key Dates and Library Opening Hours

Dates of Term

The dates of term for the 2014 - 2015 session are:

Autumn term - Monday 29 September to Friday 12 December 2014 Spring term - Monday 5 January to Friday 20 March 2015

Summer term - Monday 20 April to Friday 3 July 2015

Library Opening Hours

The Institute library is normally open during term time from:

8.30 a.m. to 11.30 p.m. on Monday to Friday 9.30 a.m. to 8.30 p.m. on Saturday and Sunday During vacations the normal hours are:

9.30 a.m. to 8.15 p.m. on Monday to Friday

11.00 a.m. to 5.00 p.m. on Saturday, Sunday and Bank Holidays

The times given above indicate the library’s study service opening hours. For full service and membership desk opening hours please consult the website: www.ioe.ac.uk/services

Dates of Closure 2014 - 2015

The Institute will be closed on the following dates:

Christmas and New Year

Wednesday 24 December 2014 to Friday 2 January 2015

Easter 2014

Friday 3 April 3014 to Monday 6 April 2015 inclusive

Spring Bank Holidays

Monday 4 May and Monday 25 May 2015

Summer Bank holidays

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Contacts and General Information

_____________________________________________________

Doctoral School - Academic Administration

Academic Administration staff are there to offer you assistance on regulations, policies and procedures for the MPhil/PhD, Online MPhil/PhD, MPhil/PhD with Integrated Research Methods, EdD, DEdPsy, PGDip and MRes Programmes as well as other research degree programmes offered at the Institute. The Doctoral School is situated in room 519 on level 5 (A Core Wing). The office opening hours are:

Mon, Tue, Thur & Fri 9.30am- 5.00pm Weds 11.00am – 5.00pm

Staff with specific responsibility for MPhil/PhD and MRes students (including online programmes)

Catherine Haberfield

Programme Services Co-ordinator

c.haberfield@ioe.ac.uk

Room 519 / ext. 6102

Contact Catherine for all queries related to student progress and supervisor support and administrative arrangements for the MPhil/PhD Research Training Programme

Gary Ford

Programme Administrator

g.ford@ioe.ac.uk

Room 519 / ext. 6310

Contact Gary for all programme administration matters related to the Online MPhil/PhD, MPhil/PhD with Integrated Research Methods, MRes and Online MRes

Hazel Croft

Programme Administrator

h.croft@ioe.ac.uk

Room 519 / ext. 6511

Contact Hazel for administrative arrangements relating to MPhil/PhD upgrades and viva voce examinations

Staff with specific responsibility for EdD, DEdPsy and PGDip SSRM students

Cathy McSweeney

Programme Services Co-ordinator

c.mcsweeney@ioe.ac.uk

Room 519 / ext. 6670

Contact Cathy for all queries related to taught courses, student progress and supervisor support.

Neal Carr

Programme Administrator

n.carr@ioe.ac.uk

Room 519 / ext. 6820

Contact Neal for all queries related to the EdD Formal Review Prior to Thesis

Pui Sin

Programme Administrator

p.sin@ioe.ac.uk

Room 519 / ext. 6820

Contact Pui for all queries related to EdD viva voce examinations and programme administration matters related to the PGDipSSRM

Lorraine Fernandes

Programme Administrator

l.fernandes@ioe.ac.uk

Room G6 / ext. 6265 25 Woburn Square

Contact Lorraine for all programme administration matters related to the DEdPsy

Please note: PGR applicant enquiries, admissions and enrolment are managed by the Recruitment and Admissions team in Registry (enquiries@ioe.ac.uk). Thesis examinations are managed by the Exams team in Registry (thesisexams@ioe.ac.uk), although administrative support for viva arrangements is provided by the PGR team in Academic Administration.

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Doctoral School Academic Staff

Dean of the Doctoral School

Andy Tolmie a.tolmie@ioe.ac.uk

Room 516/ ext. 6224 Director of Postgraduate Research Programmes

John Vorhaus j.vorhaus@ioe.ac.uk

Room 412, 55-59 Gordon Sq Ext. 6432

Director of Postgraduate Research Supervision

Christine Han c.han@ioe.ac.uk

Room 714/ ext. 6964

Each programme has a Programme Leader who acts as the co-ordinator for the courses.

Joint Programme Leaders for MPhil/PhD and MRes Claudia Lapping Jane Perryman c.lapping@ioe.ac.uk Room 630b/ ext. 6342 j.perryman@ioe.ac.uk Room 737 / ext. 6577 Programme Leader for EdD

Denise Hawkes d.hawkes@ioe.ac.uk

Room 517 / ext. 6225 Programme Leader for Online MPhil/PhD

Richard Freeman r.freeman@ioe.ac.uk Room 519a/ ext. 6976 Programme Leader for DEdPsy

Vivian Hill v.hill@ioe.ac.uk

Room 105 / ext. 6643 25 Woburn Square Programme Leader for Postgraduate Diploma

Sue Taylor s.taylor@ioe.ac.uk

Room 201 / ext. 6829 11 Woburn Square Programme Leader for Online MRes

Will Gibson

w.gibson@ioe.ac.uk Room 624 ext. 6603

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Director of Postgraduate Research Supervision

Director of Postgraduate Research (PGR) Supervision has responsibility for PGR supervision across the IOE, including responsibility for the coordination and quality assurance of PGR

supervision, acting as the principal point of contact between the Doctoral School and Departmental PGR Tutors, and co-ordinating and providing development support for the activity of PGR Tutors in relation to their specific PGR responsibilities.

Departmental Postgraduate Research Tutors

Each supervisor is a member of an academic department. You are a member of the same academic department as your main supervisor and each Department has an appointed

Postgraduate Research Tutor, who chairs the Departmental Postgraduate Research Committee. The Postgraduate Research Tutor is responsible on a day-to-day basis for all matters concerning doctoral students within the Department. This includes student admissions to Departments; the appointment of supervisors; doctoral training; the provision of facilities for doctoral students within the department; the review of annual progress reports on all students and training plans for new students; formal review of progress; and, the nomination of examiners. The Postgraduate

Research Tutor also has responsibility for the pastoral care of students within the Department: you may discuss in confidence any matters related to your progress with your research studies.

Department PGR Tutor

Psychology and Human

Development Maria Kambouri Quantitative Social Science George Ploubidis Humanities and Social Sciences Tom Woodin London Centre for Leadership in

Learning Rob Higham

Lifelong and Comparative Education Christine Han Early Years and Primary Education Phil Jones Culture, Communication and Media John Potter Curriculum, Pedagogy and

Assessment Jane Perryman Children, Families and Health Sarah Crafter

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Introduction

_______________________________________________________________

The Institute of Education is a postgraduate college of the federal University of London and as of October 2008 awards its own degrees. It is the lead institution in the Economic and Social

Research Council (ESRC) funded Bloomsbury Doctoral Training Centre (in partnership with Birkbeck, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and the School of Oriental and African Studies), and is also a recipient of studentship funding from the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC).

All students will be advised if a decision to merge with UCL is confirmed in December 2014.

All new MPhil/PhD students are enrolled under the Institute’s regulations for the degrees Master of Philosophy (MPhil) and Doctor of Philosophy (PhD). Students who first enrolled before 2008-2009 are registered under the University of London regulations for their degree. All students are subject to the Institute’s General Academic Regulations and all other appropriate Institute regulations, policies and procedures. All regulations are available on the IOE website,

www.ioe.ac.uk/studentinformation/1055.html

The Doctoral School Committee has strategic oversight and responsibility for all matters relating to research students. The Doctoral School Committee each year issues a Code of Practice for

Research Degrees which supplements the MPhil/PhD Regulations: these apply to all research degree students.

This handbook is a guide for MPhil and PhD students, including those registered for the Online MPhil/PhD and their supervisors and contains advice about mandatory procedures and guidelines on good practice as well as information about support and facilities. It should be read in

conjunction with the the Code of Practice for Research Degreesand theMPhil/PhD Research

Training Programme which are both available from the Doctoral School web site:

http://www.ioe.ac.uk/research/departments/ds/376.html

If anything is unclear or if you need advice on any points regarding procedures or regulations for your degree course, please contact the relevant administrative or academic staff in the Doctoral School, who will be pleased to be of assistance.

Please retain this handbook for reference during your course. The handbook is updated each year - the latest version can be found on the Doctoral School web site.

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1. Registration Requirements

This section provides a summary of the regulations for the degrees of PhD and MPhil and the registration requirements for these programmes of study.

1.1 Course of study

Students registered for the degrees of Master of Philosophy (MPhil) and Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) will pursue a course of study under the guidance of an appointed supervisor leading to the submission of a thesis consisting of their own account of their investigations. This is examined by means of an oral examination (viva voce).

The period of study for the PhD is intended to enable you to produce your own thesis and to develop a range of research and other skills. You are expected to participate in the research training programme run through the Doctoral School; these include courses on research design, data collection and analysis, and a range of other more generic skills as well as advanced and specialist courses. Full details can be found in the research training handbook, available at

http://www.ioe.ac.uk/research/departments/ds/376.html

You will register in the first instance for the MPhil degree, and then to seek a transfer of your registration to PhD later in the programme. The upgrading process provides a valuable opportunity for an independent review and detailed discussion of and feedback on your work. The table in Appendix 2 summarises the stages towards the successful completion of the doctoral degree at the Institute for new students. If you are a continuing student, please refer to the

summary in the Annex.

1.2 Acceptance as a doctoral student

Academic staff in the Doctoral School and administrative staff in Recruitment and Admissions (Registry) liaise with the PGR Tutor of the appropriate department about the acceptance of students. The PGR Tutor arranges the appointment of a supervisor and an advisory panel for each new doctoral student. If joint supervision is appropriate, a main supervisor and a second supervisor are appointed. Where joint supervision involves two departments, the Research Committee in the main supervisor's department assumes primary responsibility for monitoring the progress of the student in consultation with the second supervisor.

1.3 Length of course of study

Minimum period

The regulations for the degree of MPhil and PhD specify the minimum period of registration as two calendar years of full-time or three years part-time study.

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However, the expectation is that students will be registered for three calendar years of full-time or five calendar years of part-time study. This reflects the normal expectation for a doctoral student to complete a PhD although a longer period of registration may be required. If you need further supervision after completion of the expected period of registration stipulated in your letter of offer, you will need to re-register and pay tuition fees. If you manage to complete your thesis within the minimum period laid down in the regulations you will not be prevented from submitting your thesis, if you so wish and your supervisor supports you.

Maximum period

The Institute regulations prescribe the maximum period of registration for doctoral studies as four years of full-time or seven years of part-time study. If you wish to complete your registration by a combination of full- and part-time study your maximum period will be calculated on a pro-rata basis.

1.4 Full-time and part-time study

If you are studying on a full-time basis you should not be engaged in employment, other than your studies, for more than twenty hours a week. However, you are encouraged to limit your paid work to ten hours a week. If you are studying in the UK on a Tier 4 student visa you must be registered on a full time basis.

To be eligible for registration on a part-time basis, it is normally expected that you will be in full-time employment. You will need to bear in mind that the amount of support you will receive as a part-time student will be less than that available to full-time students because you will be extending your period of part-time registration over a longer period.

Please bear in mind that if you change your mode of study from full-to part-time or vice versa this can have important fee implications as well as affecting your length of registration, your expected completion date and your access to supervisory support. *Note: if you are an overseas student and studying at the IOE on a Tier 4 student visa, please speak to one of the Programme

Administrators in room 519, or the International Student Co-ordinator in Registry before arranging to switch to part-time.

1.5 Residence requirements for the MPhil/PhD

*(This does not apply to students on the Online MPhil/PhD)

Students will normally undertake their studies by registering either as full-time for the whole of their studies or part-time for the whole period of registration. Students in the UK on a Tier 4 student visa will study full-time and normally be resident in the UK to attend the Institute throughout their period of registration.

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 you agreeing with your supervisor a pattern of study that enables you to meet the requirements of the MPhil/PhD programme; and

 you providing satisfactory evidence as to the availability of appropriate facilities for your research at your home location; and

 the arrangements proposed for supervision enabling frequent and substantial contact between you and your supervisor(s) in accordance with the Code of Practice for Research Degrees. Any variation in the study pattern will normally have been agreed at application stage. Once you have registered any substantial departure from the agreed pattern will need to be approved by your supervisor and PGR Tutor. See 1.6. There can be no guarantee that a proposed change in pattern of study will be approved.

Please bear in mind that if your agreed pattern of study includes periods studying away from the Institute, our expectation is that you will spend your first term of registration or longer at the

Institute as it is very important to ensure you can build a solid foundation for your doctoral research by attending the MPhil/PhD research training programme, department seminars and by meeting regularly with your supervisor in the early stages of your research.

During periods of study spent overseas, you will be permitted to register on a part-time basis whether or not you are in full-time employment provided your supervisor agrees. This will enable you to maintain regular communication with your supervisor by email or Skype.

1.6 Transfer between full-time and part-time study

The regulations allow a student to transfer from full to part-time study and vice versa. If you wish to change your mode of study, you should first obtain the support of your supervisor. You should seek formal approval using form DS/2Changing Mode/Pattern of Study request form, available at http://www.ioe.ac.uk/research/departments/ds/376.html

This should be completed and returned to room 519 a few weeks at least before a new term

begins, so that the relevant authorising signatures can be obtained. Retrospective interruptions will not be permitted.

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1.7 Leave of absence for fieldwork for the MPhil/PhD

*(This does not apply to students on the Online MPhil/PhD)

Whether you are registered on a full-or part-time basis, you may need to collect data and/or undertake fieldwork overseas and you may, with the approval of your supervisor and your Department PGR Tutor, take leave of absence. You should complete form DS/2Changing

Mode/Pattern of Study request form and your supervisor should indicate his or her support for

this request by signing the form.

If you are conducting fieldwork overseas and remain registered, you should maintain regular contact with your supervisor, i.e. by email or Skype at least once a month. The amount of supervisory support you would be entitled to receive during this time would be dependent upon whether you registered on a full or part-time basis.

Students on a Tier 4 visa will also need to complete a Tier 4 Leave of Absence form, available at

www.ioe.ac.uk/research/departments/ds/376.html.

1.8 Enrolment formalities

As a doctoral student of the Institute, you must enrol at the beginning of your programme of study and, subject to fulfilling the conditions set out in Section 5, re-enrol at the beginning of the Autumn term of each subsequent academic year. You should also pay the annual composite tuition, registration and examination fee at this time. Details of the annual fee rates are available at www.ioe.ac.uk/studentInformation/14506.html.

If you are not paying your own fees, please provide written confirmation of your sponsorship or your student loan.

The Institute sends information about enrolment, including payment methods, to all new and continuing students in September each year.

It is only by completing these enrolment formalities that you can take advantage of the support and resources which the Institute has to offer, including access to email and other online resources. Failure to complete the enrolment process, including payment of fees, at the appropriate time each year will lead to the cancellation of your student enrolment record. See tuition fee policy:

http://www.ioe.ac.uk/studentInformation/39369.html

If you are having problems paying your fees at enrolment time, please contact our Finance section at cashier@ioe.ac.uk or telephone 020 7612 6850, or speak to colleagues in Registry, Student Support (level 4, 20 Bedford Way), who will be willing to offer advice.

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1.9 Verification of qualifications

In order to comply with the Institute’s General Academic Regulations, you must produce original documentary evidence of the qualifications on the basis of which you have been accepted as a doctoral student at the Institute. You will also be asked to let Registry/Student Support have sight of your passport or driving licence. If you fail to produce adequate documentation you may be required to withdraw from the course.

Change of name

The form in which your name appears on the evidence which you provide for the verification of your previous qualifications is used for registration purposes and you should use the same form in all correspondence relating to your studies, including your examination application. Your name will appear in this form on your diploma.

Any official change that you may wish to make to your name during the course of your studies should be notified to Registry by going to Student Support in person, (level 4, 20 Bedford Way) or email Admissions@ioe.ac.uk. You will be asked to provide supporting documentation, for example, a marriage certificate, passport, or deed poll before the change can be formally accepted. You should also notify your Programme administrator by email.

1.10 Change of contact details and IOE email communication

If you have changed either your permanent address or your term time address or both, you can use thisform to let Student Support know. For any other enquiries concerning this, or to advise of a change to your telephone number or personal email address, please contact theStudent

Support Centre. You should also advisethe IOE Library at lib.enquiries@ioe.ac.uk, your Programme Administrator and your supervisor.

Please note, however, that we shall use your Institute email address to communicate with you. Once you have enrolled on the programme you will be given an IOE email address and this will be the primary means of communication through which the Institute will contact you. You must make sure you activate and regularly check your IOE email account to receive important information, such as room or other changes to research training courses and there may be new seminars and Conferences advertised via email.

1.11 Statements of registration

Should you require a general statement to confirm your registration status at the Institute or a letter to open a bank account, please email Enquiries@ioe.ac.uk For a more detailed letter or course transcript you should complete a Statement Request form, available at:

http://www.ioe.ac.uk/study/departments/ds/376.html

Please note that seven working days’ notice should be allowed to ensure any such statements are ready by the date required.

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1.12 Absence

If you are absent from your studies for a period lasting more than two weeks while you are registered, e.g. for health reasons, it is essential that you inform your supervisor and your Programme administrator (see Contacts and General Information page).

1.13 Interruption in course

Although the course of study for the degree should normally be continuously pursued, you may occasionally find yourself in a position where you are unable to work on your research for a period of time and it may be advisable to seek an interruption in your registration. Examples of reasons for seeking an interruption in registration might include illness, unexpected pressure from work for a part-time student or financial difficulty. An interruption in course must always have the support of your supervisor and is normally for one term or two terms only. If the interruption lasts for more than one year, you will be asked to submit a written statement outlining the work you have completed towards your research and your research plans for when you resume. This will be considered by your supervisor and department, prior to your re-registration.

During a period of interruption you are not asked to pay tuition fees and you are not entitled to consult your supervisor, to participate in the MPhil/PhD Research Training Programme,

department seminars, to use the Institute's library, to use online resources or computing

resources. However, there would be no reason why you should not continue to work on your thesis independently if personal circumstances allowed.

If you wish to interrupt your registration, you should first discuss the situation with your supervisor to obtain his or her support, before completing form DS/1 to seek formal approval. The DS/1 form can be found at: http://www.ioe.ac.uk/research/departments/ds/376.html

Written notification should be received in advance of the period of interruption in course so that the necessary administrative action can be taken, including any adjustments to tuition fee

payments. You are asked to bear in mind that an interruption to your registration should be considered exceptional and is not to be undertaken lightly. It is therefore imperative for any

student who is unable to return after an approved period of interruption to seek an extension of the interruption, giving reasons and a revised completion date. You should apply in advance of the period by emailing your Programme administrator and your supervisor, who will consult the Department PGR Tutor for a decision in your case.

If you are in the UK on a Tier 4 student visa it is essential that you consult your Programme administrator, or the International Student Co-ordinator in Student Support, to discuss your position before seeking an interruption in study.

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Please note that the Institute reserves the right to refuse to re-register a doctoral student, particularly if the interruption is over two years and there is insufficient evidence of the student’s ability to complete the degree successfully. If you have not been registered with the Institute for three years your registration may be cancelled automatically unless the Institute has approved exceptional arrangements (see Code of Practice for Research Degrees).

1.14 Writing up Fee

From the academic year 2014-2015 a writing up fee is available for PhD and EdD students in the final stages of doctoral study, prior to the submission of thesis. Students who fulfil the following criteria are eligible for a reduced fee equivalent to half the full-time fee, or half the part-time fee, depending on their mode of study:

 PhD: the student has upgraded to PhD  EdD: the student has completed their IFS

 Has entered for the thesis examination (submitted exam entry forms to room 519)  Is within 12 months (full-time PhD, or part-time EdD) or 18 months (part-time PhD) of

completion of the degree

 The student’s supervisor confirms that the student is in the final 12 months (full-time PhD or part-time EdD), or 18 months (part-time PhD) of completion of the degree.

The writing up fee is available for a maximum period of 12 months (full-time PhD or part-time EdD) or 18 months (part-time PhD). If you do not complete within this period then you will be required to pay fees at the normal rate for any subsequent period of registration.

PhD students are expected to maintain their previous mode of study during this period, unless an exceptional case is made using the DS/2 Changing mode/pattern of study Request Form and supported by the supervisor and PGR Tutor.

http://www.ioe.ac.uk/research/departments/ds/376.html

There is no change in the access to supervision or to other IOE resources during the writing up period. The supervisory entitlement for all PGR students can be found in the Code of Practice for Research Degrees:

http://www.ioe.ac.uk/research/departments/ds/376.html

If you wish to apply to pay the writing up fee you should download the Writing up fee request form at: http://www.ioe.ac.uk/research/departments/ds/376.html. It should be fully completed and signed by you, your supervisor and PGR Tutor. Your supervisor should also include a supporting

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1.15 Refund of tuition fees following withdrawal

If for any reason you decide to withdraw from your programme you should complete and sign DS/3

Withdrawal from Programme form available at:

http://www.ioe.ac.uk/research/departments/ds/376.html. After completion, you are required to send this to your supervisor by post or email, so your supervisor can sign this official notification, before he/she returns this form to your programme administrator in room 519, who will process your withdrawal.

Notification to a supervisor or to the Department administrative office is not sufficient. Tuition fees are not normally refundable and applications for refunds will be considered in exceptional circumstances. Such applications should be made in writing to the Academic Registrar. In all cases where refunds are sanctioned, the Institute will retain an administration fee. It will not be possible to consider refunds requested more than one year after payment has been made.

If you are withdrawn from your course because of non-attendance you will be liable for the full tuition fee due.

The Institute’s Tuition Fee Policy is available on our website at

http://www.ioe.ac.uk/studentInformation/39369.html

1.16 Complaints procedure

The Institute has a complaints procedure, which should be followed if you wish to make a complaint about any aspect of your study at the Institute. Details regarding the complaints procedure and the complaints form are available here:

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2. Doctoral Training at the Institute for MPhil/PhD Students

It is the view of bodies such as the Research Councils and the Higher Education Funding Councils, as well as the Institute, that it is increasingly necessary for research students to be

trained in a range of skills that extend beyond those required for them to write their own thesis; this reflects changing employment patterns and the closer relationship between universities and

employers.

These skills include a wide range of research skills which enable PhD graduates to read and understand research literature from different research paradigms, and to carry out research with confidence and more generic skills such as: the use of ICT (information and communication technologies), the ability to manage time and to use this effectively, the capacity to work in teams, and oral and written communication skills

2.1 Research training programme

The Institute’s programme has been designed to provide comprehensive and broadly based research training and to meet the requirements of the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) and the UK Researcher Development Framework for Skills Training (

http://www.vitae.ac.uk/policy-practice/234301/Researcher-Development-Framework.html).

The programme serves a number of purposes:

· to support the ongoing development and specialisation of your doctoral research project; · to introduce you to a range of different issues and approaches as a context for your own

research;

· to prepare you for the different stages of the research process;

· to provide you with the skills and understanding that will support your future professional and/or research career;

· to provide you with a range of different opportunities to engage in the IOE doctoral community.

There are various ways to complete the research training. Students may take the MRes in Education and Social Research as their initial training and move on to more advanced training during the three year MPhil/PhD programme. However, the majority of students complete both initial and advanced training through the comprehensive MPhil/PhD programme presented here. Students who have already completed an ESRC recognised MRes will pursue their advanced training through this programme. The Doctoral School’s MPhil/PhD programme is organised in six main sections (with equivalent courses for the Online MPhil/PhD):

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· Core courses– early stage (comprises Information and Literature Searching (Info and Lit), Working with your Supervisor and Preparing for Upgrade (WWSPU), Conceptualising and Designing Research (CDR) and either Collecting and Analysing Data (CAD) or Research in the Arts and Humanities (RAH), to be completed in the first year of full-time study, or five terms of part-time study)

· Core courses – later stage (which are taken after the completion of the early stage courses) · Specialist/Advanced courses (which can be taken at any time, but normally after the first year

of study)

· Academic Competencies (a range of courses to promote your development as an academic, which can be taken at any time)

· Facilitating Learning in Higher Education (which is an optional programme of courses) · Reading Seminars/ Student Workshops (a programme of seminars co-ordinated by the

Doctoral School and provided in response to research student interest and request. These may be led by staff or students and can be taken at any time)

Full details of the training programme are given in the MPhil/PhD Research Training Handbook issued to you when you registered and available on the website.

2.2 Between you and your supervisor

Bearing in mind the time-scale for the completion of your degree, you should draw up a plan in as much detail as possible for your research in consultation with your supervisor for completion of your thesis within the agreed period of time. The scale of the research project should be tailored to this period of time.

This plan should be revised regularly in the light of your progress, and forms an important aspect of the Annual Progress Review process.

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3.

Supervision

3.1 Allocation of supervisor(s) and advisory panel

The PGR Tutor of the Department which accepts you, arranges the appointment of a supervisor(s) for you in accordance with the Institute guidelines for appointment of supervisors. The department PGR Tutor will also advise you of the staff on your advisory panel. Your advisory panel will offer support through their involvement in the annual review process, upgrading, appointment of examiners. They will ensure continuity of supervision and arrange back-up supervision where necessary.

If expertise is required in two fields, you may be allocated two supervisors. When joint supervision is agreed, one supervisor will be nominated as your main supervisor, and he or she will take

primary responsibility for your progress. Your supervisors will liaise closely on all aspects of your research, and joint agreement must be reached on the readiness of your thesis for submission for examination and on the nomination of the examiners.

3.2 Responsibilities of the supervisor and the student

You and your supervisor should refer to the Code of Practice for Research Degrees, on a regular basis, as a reminder of your respective responsibilities in the supervisory relationship. At the outset you should also discuss your respective responsibilities with your supervisor in order that a good working relationship can be established.

3.3

The relationship between student and supervisor

It is very important that you and your supervisor are able to establish a good working relationship, which will probably require negotiation and periodic review. Writing a thesis should be a mutual learning process for you and your supervisor, and during the progress of the research the relationship between you and your supervisor and between you and research will change and develop. Every effort should be made to ensure that you feel comfortable with the relationship and it is good practice to review this relationship on a regular basis. Do not hesitate to contact your Department’s PGR Tutor or the Director of PGR Supervision, if you have any concerns about your supervision.

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Frequency of contact

The number and frequency of meetings (or equivalent contact, for example, by telephone, email or Skype/Lync) between you and your supervisor is a matter for you both to decide together. As a guideline, you could expect to have approximately 9-15 supervision sessions per year (full-time student) and 6-9 supervision sessions per year (part-time student). However, it is accepted that frequency of contact may vary according to the topic and the stage reached in the research and according to mode of contact, e.g. email. For example, more frequent supervision sessions,

perhaps as often as weekly for full-time students, may be appropriate in the early stages, whereas in the later stages, contact may be less often.

It useful for you to arrange with your supervisor the date of the next supervision at the end of each tutorial, whether face to face, by email or Skype/Lync. If you need to change the arrangement, you should contact your supervisor in advance to keep him or her informed of your progress. You should let your supervisor have any written work well in advance of such meetings.

If you are overseas for any period of your registration, communication between you and your supervisor should be maintained and regular contact should continue by email, Skype/Lync or letter. It is recommended that contact is made at least once a month even if you have not made as much progress as you had planned.

Written reports on progress

You and your supervisor need to ensure that written records are kept of your supervision sessions. This helps to ensure that there is no misunderstanding regarding the advice you receive. It also provides a useful aide memoir when completing the annual review of your progress.

Feedback

Your supervisor is expected to read and comment on your written work. Written feedback, not just margin notes, is particularly useful. Please make this process easier by giving your supervisor sufficient time to consider your work by regularly submitting work or plans so that your supervisor is familiar with the research and its progress. You may find it useful to submit with your work a summary of the issues which you would particularly like your supervisor to consider or points on which comments are particularly important.

Advice on progress

Your supervisor is expected to advise you of any concerns he/she may have about your progress in order that any difficulties may be resolved at an early stage. Your supervisor’s comments should be provided in writing so that you have a clear understanding of your progress.

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The comments and suggestions, written or verbal, made by your supervisor are advisory and you are not under any obligation to agree with them or adopt them. You are ultimately responsible for the research you are undertaking, and the role of your supervisor is to help as much as he or she can.

Seeking advice from other sources

You may wish to discuss your research with other members of staff of the Institute, or indeed with appropriate people outside the Institute, and seek their advice. It sometimes happens that a

chapter or longer section of a thesis draws on other areas of work outside your main discipline and that there are specialists who can help with this. If you wish to discuss your work with another member of staff, please discuss this with your supervisor in advance, so that the advice can be properly integrated into your research plan.

3.4 Change of supervisor

There are a number of reasons why a temporary or permanent change of supervisor might be necessary. For advice in such circumstances, please refer to the Code of Practice for Research

Degrees. Your Department should ensure that the Doctoral School is advised of a change of supervisor using Form DS/4. http://www.ioe.ac.uk/study/departments/ds/376.html.

3.5 Advisory Panel

All doctoral students have an advisory panel. Advisory panels are small teams of supervisors (at least three and not more than five) with responsibility for monitoring the progress of students under their supervision. Your advisory panel is the panel to which your main supervisor belongs. The PGR Tutor for your Department will advise you of the names of the members of your advisory panel.

Note that advisory panel members are not usually directly involved in the supervision of each other’s students.

Advisory panels have the following responsibilities:

 to oversee the annual progress review and to ensure regular monitoring of progress;  to oversee the independent reading of draft thesis and participate as required;

 to ensure continuity of supervision in the event of the supervisor leaving the Institute or being absent, e.g. on sick leave or study leave;

 to provide for one member of the advisory panel to carry out the ethical review of research prior to the commencement of data collection or fieldwork;

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 to oversee the upgrade to PhD and participate as required;

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4.

Your Thesis

4.1 Getting started on the thesis

During your first year, in consultation with your supervisor you will need to develop a more detailed research outline taking into account the requirements of a PhD (see Section 7) and the period of study required to complete it. Your initial proposal (which you completed prior to your enrolment) is likely to be a useful starting point. In further developing your proposal you need to include:

 a clear statement of the research question or problem;

 a working title (this can always be changed, but provides an important focus)

 a rationale for the research which makes reference to relevant theoretical and other concerns and to relevant literature and research;

 a clear statement of the theoretical and methodological perspective being adopted;  a description of the design of your study including, where appropriate, discussion of

proposed methods of data collection and analysis;  a timetable with milestones identified.

It may be useful to ask yourself the following questions:  What is your research question/focus/problem?

 Is the research manageable and practicable within the timescale of your PhD?  What approach and methods are you planning to use?

 How will you analyse the data?

 What is your ‘thesis’ or argument going to be’?

 What is the likely contribution (to theory, methodology, policy, practice)?

 What is your provisional (working) title? (This helps you to be clear and focused in your topic)

It is an inevitable part of the research process that ideas change and develop as you are

introduced to a range of research techniques and through discussions with your supervisor, other researchers and fellow postgraduate researchers. You will find that your proposal and timetable will need to be reviewed on a regular basis.

The following books may be useful as they will give you ideas about carrying out the research, managing your supervision, writing up the thesis and preparing for the examination:

Cryer, P. (2006). The Research Student’s Guide to Success. 3rd edition. Maidenhead: Open University Press.

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Delamont, S., Atkinson, P. and Parry, O. (Eds) (2000). The Doctoral Experience:

Success and Failure in Graduate School. London: Falmer Press.

Dunleavy, P. (2003). Authoring a PhD: How to Plan, Draft, Write and Finish A Doctoral Thesis or

Dissertation. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Hart, C. (1998). Doing a Literature Review: Releasing the Social Science Research Imagination. London: Sage.

Leonard, D. (2001). A Woman’s Guide to Doctoral Studies. Buckingham: Open University Press. Murray, R. (2011). How to Write a Thesis. 3rd edition. Maidenhead: Open University Press. Murray, R. (2009). How to Survive your Viva: Defending a Thesis in an Oral Examination. 2nd edition. Maidenhead: Open University Press.

Petre, M. and Rugg, G. (Eds) (2010). The Unwritten Rules of PhD Research. 2nd edition. Maidenhead: Open University Press.

Phillips, E. M. and Pugh, D. S. (Eds) (2005). How to Get a PhD: A Handbook for Students and

Their Supervisors. 4th edition. Maidenhead: Open University Press.

Tinkler, P. and Jackson, C. (Eds) (2004). The Doctoral Examination Process: A Handbook for

Students, Examiners and Supervisors. Maidenhead: Society for Research into Higher Education

and Open University Press.

Wellington, J. J., Bathmaker, A-M., Hunt, C., McCulloch, G. and Sikes, P. (Eds) (2005).

Succeeding with your Doctorate. London: Sage.

4.2 Ethical issues

All research undertaken by staff and students at the Institute of Education needs to have ethical approval before data collection commences. This includes research involving human participants as well as the use of data collected from human participants. Ethical review processes are

specified in the Research Governance and Ethics Policy, available on the Research Ethics website (http://www.ioe.ac.uk/ethics/).

Ethical review is one aspect of ensuring that research is conducted to the highest levels of

integrity. This involves responsibilities to participants, institutions, and to the research community. Please ensure that you are aware of the ethical issues involved in research. Your course of study may include sessions specifically focusing on ethical issues within educational research or the social sciences.

Ethical issues are especially relevant to the following areas:

 Determining research aims and who benefits from the research;

 Handling dual roles (e.g. being a researcher and a professional) and potentially conflicting values;

 Minimising potential risk or harm to all involved;  Gaining access to participants;

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22  Ensuring voluntary informed consent;

 Safeguarding participants;

 Ensuring confidentiality and anonymity;

 Giving feedback, reporting results, and dissemination.

You should discuss these and other issues with your supervisor and ensure that your research adheres to sound ethical principles.

Professional codes of practice

Many professional organisations have produced codes of ethical practice for their disciplines or areas of work. Please ensure that you are familiar with the code for your discipline or area. You will need to specify and follow one of these codes of ethical practice during your research. You do not have to be a member of a professional organisation to follow their code of ethical practice.

Links to the common codes of ethical practice are provided on the Research Ethics website

http://www.ioe.ac.uk/ethics. These include codes from:

 The British Educational Research Association (http://www.bera.ac.uk/);  The British Psychological Society (http://www.bps.org.uk/);

 The British Sociological Association (http://www.britsoc.co.uk/);

 The British Association for Applied Linguistics(http://www.baal.org.uk/).

Ethical review and approval procedures

Ethical review and approval are necessary before data collection can commence. The procedures for student ethical review and approval are described on the Student Ethics section of the website (http://www.ioe.ac.uk/studentethics/ ). Application forms and guidance notes are provided on the website. Please follow the guidance, which also explains who you need to submit your application materials to.

If you intend to conduct research which may raise particular or difficult ethical issues (for instance, work involving vulnerable groups, deception or where consent will not be possible), you are

advised to begin the ethics approval process well in advance of your planned data collection. If you need to undertake research involving children or vulnerable adults in the UK, please bear in mind you will need to obtain a Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) Check (formerly a CRB check). For more information, please contact Student Support/ Registry

http://www.ioe.ac.uk/studentInformation/23428.html

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• Research requiring review by the NHS National Research Ethics Service (NRES). This includes projects involving NHS patients or premises. Research activities defined by NRES as not requiring ethics review within the NRES processes include audit and service evaluation;

• Social research funded by the Department of Health and therefore requiring review by the Social Care Research Ethics Committee (SCREC)

• Research involving participants aged 16 or over who lack the mental capacity to provide informed consent to take part in the research, or who later lose capacity during the research

• Research involving tissue that comes under the Human Tissue Act 2004;

• Research involving prisoners.

Changes and amendments

The ethical issues associated with your work should be regularly considered. Changes in research questions, methods, or other areas may have further ethical implications. This may require seeking ethical approval for a second time.

Resources and further support

The Research Ethics Guidebook (http://ethicsguidebook.ac.uk/) is a very useful source of guidance and information for social science researchers including building ethics into your research design, applying for ethical approval, conducting your research and reporting and dissemination.

A selection of links to further resources and guidance material is available on the website

(http://www.ioe.ac.uk/ethicsguidance/ ). Further relevant books and materials are available through the IOE library.

Some material includes:

Alderson, P., & Morrow, V. (2004). Ethics, Social Research and Consulting with Children and Young People. Barkingside: Barnardo’s.

Barbour, R. (2008). Introducing qualitative research: A student guide to the craft of doing qualitative research. London: Sage.

Bassey, M. (1999). Case Study Research in Educational Settings. Buckingham: Open University Press.

Bell, J. (2010). Doing your Research Project: A Guide for First-

Time Researchers in Education, Health and Social Science (5th ed.). Maidenhead: Open University Press.

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Bennett, N., Glatter, R., & Levačić, R. (Eds.). (1994). Improving Educational Management through Research and Consultancy. London: Paul Chapman in association with the Open University.

Burgess, R. (Ed.). (1989). The Ethics of Educational Research. Lewes: Falmer Press.

Campbell, A., & Groundwater-Smith, S. (2007). An ethical approach to practitioner research: dealing with issues and dilemmas in action research. Abingdon: Routledge.

Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (Eds.). (2011). Research Methods In Education (7th ed.). London: Routledge.

Farrell, A. (2005). Ethical research with children. Maidenhead: Open University Press.

Greig, A., Taylor, J., & MacKay, T. (2007). Doing research with children (2nded.). London: Sage.

Israel, M., & Hay, I. (2006). Research Ethics for Social Scientists. London:Sage Publications.

Johnson, D. (1998). Research Methods in Educational Management. London:Financial Times/Prentice Hall.

Mauthner, M., Birch, M., Jessop, J., & Miller, T. (Eds.). (2002). Ethics inqualitative research. London: Sage Publications Limited.

McNamee, M., & Bridges, D. (Eds.). (2002). The Ethics of Educational Research. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.

Middlewood, D., Coleman, M., & Lumby, J. (Eds.). (1999). PractitionerResearch in Education: Making a Difference. London: Sage/Paul Chapman.

Oliver, P. (2010). The Student’s Guide to Research Ethics. Maidenhead: Open University Press.

Robson, C. (2011). Real World Research: A Resource for Users of

Social research Methods in Applied Settings (3rd ed.). Chichester: John Wiley& Sons.

Sargeant, J. (2012). Doing ethical research with children. Maidenhead: Open University Press.

Te Riele, K., & Brooks, R. (2012). Negotiating Ethical Challenges in Youth Research. London: Routledge

Wiles, R. (2012). What Are Qualitative Research Ethics. Bloomsbury Academic.

(http://eprints.ncrm.ac.uk/2924/) See podcast discussing the book here: (http://eprints.ncrm.ac.uk/2960/).

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4.3 Writing up the thesis

It is important that you structure the thesis in a way that presents your work to your readership (in the first instance, your supervisor and your examiners) in a clear and coherent way. Whilst there is no requirement to adopt a particular structure, your examiners will have expectations about the content of the thesis as a whole. The structure given below organises this content in a

conventional manner. This does not work for everyone. Some people find, for instance, that a critical engagement with literature is appropriate in a number of places in the thesis and thus it does not make sense to have a formally identified literature review. It is, however, important that you demonstrate a good knowledge of relevant research and other literature in your field and that you have engaged analytically with this work. Similarly, the presentation of the analysis of data and the outcomes of the research might be organised around themes that range over a number of chapters. However, the contribution made by the research has to be clearly defined and coherently presented whatever the organisational structure of the thesis.

It is essential that you discuss the manner in which you intend to structure your work with your supervisor.

· Title (This needs to be clear and informative, so that readers know from the title what the thesis is about. It is a good idea to formulate a working title at an early stage; this usually helps to focus your work.)

· Abstract of 300 words · Chapter 1:

This should provide a clear rationale for the study and the context of the work and will normally be a statement of the problem in practical and theoretical terms.

· Chapter 2:

A concise and critical review of and engagement with relevant literature providing a synthesis of any work which has been done in the field, and drawing out conceptual aspects;

· Chapter 3:

A chapter in which you discuss the methodology that you have chosen to use for the empirical or theoretical work. This chapter should include sections on ethical issues, methods of data collection and analysis, and mode of dissemination.

· Chapter 4:

A chapter presenting and analysing the data. · Chapter 5:

A discussion of your findings; here you might relate your findings to the initial theory or theories you have discussed and to the methodology used.

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In the final chapter, you should summarise very briefly the contribution of your work, and draw your own conclusions; these may include implications for further study and improvements you would have made if you were to repeat the study, implications for the wider context, and the dissemination of your findings (how, to whom and for what purpose), and any implications of publication or dissemination.

· References

These must be complete and accurate: please use a recognised referencing system (see 4.6 below).

· Appendices

· Finally, do not forget to ensure it is within the maximum word length as laid down by the Institute (please see Section 7.2). If you submit a thesis which is over length the examiners may fail it.

4.4 Literary presentation

While your supervisor can advise on the organisation and style of the thesis, it is not reasonable to expect him or her to undertake the labour of correcting grammar, spelling and punctuation. It is a very good idea to submit some essays or advance drafts of chapters to your supervisor at an early stage in the research, so that difficulties can be detected and worked on.

Additional support with writing is offered by the Institute and details about the kinds of support available are available on the web pages of the IOE’s Academic Writing Centre:

www.ioe.ac.uk/research/147.html

4.5 Plagiarism

You are reminded that all work undertaken as part of your studies at the Institute must be expressed in your own words and incorporate your own ideas and judgements. Please consult your supervisor if you are in doubt about what is permissible.

The Institute has drawn up a Code on Citing Sources and Avoidance of Plagiarism to help you to reference your sources properly and to understand and avoid plagiarism in your work at the Institute of Education. The Code is included in the Student Policies and Procedures available at:

http://www.ioe.ac.uk/studentInformation/39369.html

Please also note that the Institute subscribes to the Turnitin Plagiarism Detection Service and your assignments or other written work may be checked for adequate referencing through this service.

See Appendix 1 for details of this service. The Institute’sRegulations Governing Assessment

Irregularities http://www.ioe.ac.uk/studentInformation/1055.html will apply in cases of suspected

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4.6 Referencing style and acknowledgement of sources

If you refer to or draw upon another person’s work or ideas or if you make a direct quote in your written work, it is essential that you reference the particular source properly. References are important:

· to acknowledge other people’s ideas;

· to enable readers and those assessing your work, to trace and check the source material;

· to demonstrate that you are not just providing your own opinions but also including those of others to illustrate a point or to offer support for an argument.

It is essential that all quotes in the text are referenced properly, using an established style of referencing (e.g. Harvard (author-date) style, APA style – see below for a recommended style of referencing). All references cited in the text must be included, in full, in the list of references at the end of the thesis. This list is called References by some and a Bibliography by others, including the University of London in its regulations. Whatever name you use, the list must be

comprehensive and include all references (including references relating to your secondary reading) used in the thesis; similarly all references in the list must appear in the thesis. Some scholars also include a separate list of texts which are not cited in the thesis, but which may be relevant and may have informed the work. This list is optional and is not formally included.

From the outset you should get into the habit of compiling full details of the material encountered in your reading, so that this may be retrieved in full for your thesis. Bibliographic databases (such as EndNote©) can help to organise notes and references. It is suggested that you use one of these and that you familiarise yourself with your chosen software right from the start of your studies. (NOTE: EndNote includes a customised style which reproduces the Doctoral School’s preferred format.) Whether you use bibliographic software or not, it is important to devise a means of rapidly accessing notes at any time alphabetically by title, or by author, or by key topics that seem

appropriate. Whatever system is adopted, you should feel comfortable with it, and feel that it is helpful rather than being a burden.

If you use direct quotations you should indent them left and right, and use single spacing between lines. The page number(s) of the quotation should be given at the end of the quotation or after the date of the reference, e.g. (Smith, 1976, p.15) if it comes after a quotation, or Smith (1976, p.15) if the reference just precedes the quotation. Your own comments on the quotation should follow. In the body of the text references are noted by the author's surname, followed by the date of publication in brackets, e.g. Smith (1976). If you make reference to a work or piece of research without mentioning the author’s surname in the text then both the author’s surname and date of publication are placed at the relevant point in the sentence or at the end of the sentence in brackets, e.g. (Smith, 1976).

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The 'et al' convention can be used when the number of authors is greater than four; this is the Latin for ‘and others’. Other Latin words used here include ‘ibid’ (the same) and ‘op cit’ (quoted above), which save you continually repeating the name.

The Institute of Education’s usual format for referencing is as given below:

Books:

Lawton, D. (1992). Education and Politics for the 1990s: Conflict or Consensus? London: Falmer Press.

Chapters in edited books:

Lambert, D. (1992). ‘Towards a geography of social concern’. In M. Naish (Ed.), Geography and Education. London: Kogan Page.

Conference proceedings:

Dowling, P. D. (2000a). A Manifesto for Design and the Charismatic Intellectual. Paper presented at the Education for Social Democracies: Changing Forms and Sites conference. Institute of Education, University of London. 3rd - 5th July 2000.

Edited books:

Lambs, D. and Collins, T. (Eds) (1992). Social Concern. (Vol. 1). London: Kogan Page.

Journal articles:

Bernstein, B. (2001). ‘Symbolic control: issues of empirical description of agencies and agents’.

International Journal of Social Research Methodology,4 (1), 68-78.

Reports:

Department for Innovation Universities and Skills (2009). The government response to the

National Student Forum's annual report 2008 (Government document). London: IOE.

Theses or dissertations:

Smith, R. A. L. (2003). Poetic narratives and poetic activism: implications for improving school

effectiveness for peace in Northern Ireland. Unpublished EdD Thesis. Institute of Education, University of London.

For internet based materials:

Electronic journal articles:

Whitty, G. (2008). 'Twenty Years of Progress?: English Education Policy 1988 to the Present'. [Online]. Educational Management Administration and Leadership, 36 (2), 165-185. Available at: http://ioe.sirsidynix.net.uk/uhtbin/cgisirsi/?ps=cXWqeqBxUx/SIRSI/293580101/88

Electronic conference papers:

Dowling, P. D. (2000b). A Manifesto for Design and the Charismatic Intellectual.

Paper presented at the Education for Social Democracies: Changing Forms and Sites Conference. Institute of Education, University of London. 3rd - 5th July 2000. [Online]. Available at:

http://homepage.mac.com/paulcdowling/ioe/c2000 [Last accessed 28th July 2011.]

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For advice on the use of APA style to cite internet sources see:

http://image.mail.bfwpub.com/lib/feed1c737d6c03/m/1/BSM_APA_update_2010.pdf. For a useful summary of referencing of electronic sources, see:

http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/library/html/documents/HS30_000.pdf

For a useful summary of referencing of electronic sources, see:

http://www.lisa.lsbu.ac.uk/helpsheets/hs31.pdf.

For other any other media, it is important to provide information which will enable others to access the work cited. You may find the following examples useful:

Audiovisual material:

TASC. (1987). Object lessons: teaching science in schools [video recording]. London.

Computer programmes:

Snewin, D. (2009). EndNote. (Version X3) [Mac]. London: Adept Scientific.

Magazine articles:

McDonald, T., Sir. (2009b). 'Education Tomorrow'. Time, 5 (3), 27th June, pp. 30-31.

Newspaper articles:

McDonald, T., Sir. (Wed July 29th, 2009a). 'Education Today'. The Guardian, pp. 20-21.

If secondary references are used, it should be clear to the reader that the secondary reference has not been read. In this case where the work of one author is cited in another author's work, it is necessary to refer to the secondary source and provide both authors' names. For example:

Short (cited in Brown, 2000, p. 51) reported, or (Short, cited in Brown, 2000, p. 51)

In this example, only Brown is included in the references list. The bibliographic details for Short do not need to be included in the text or in the reference list. However, it is helpful to your readers to include such secondary references in full.

From these examples, you can see that you always need to record the following details in your notes:

· surname of author(s) plus initials;

· date of publication (i.e. the last date the publication was up-dated); · title of publication;

· title of book in which it appears (if it is a chapter in a book); · title of journal (if a journal article);

References

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