Basic GIS Modeling: Improving Campus Maintenance, Management, and Planning August 8 th, Matt Davis

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NCFMTC

NCFMTC-- Modeling Your CampusModeling Your Campus

Basic GIS Modeling: Improving Campus Basic GIS Modeling: Improving Campus Maintenance, Management, and Planning Maintenance, Management, and Planning

August 8

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Abstract

• Basic GIS Modeling: Improving Campus Maintenance, Management, and Planning

• Matt Davis

Regional Manager ESRI Boston

• Data models, workflow and geoprocessing models, 3D and time series models are all basic GIS building blocks. When combined these capabilities add new dimensions to how decisions are being made in day to day operations as well as planning for the future. This presentation will explore some of the many uses and benefits that can be realized by providing broad access to basic GIS capabilities in a campus environment.

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Topics

•

• What is GISWhat is GIS •

• How is GIS being usedHow is GIS being used •

• GIS modelsGIS models

–

– Data modelsData models –

– 3D models3D models –

– Geoprocessing modelsGeoprocessing models –

– Integration of TimeIntegration of Time –

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What is GIS?

Geographic Information System

•

• An information system based on geographic locationAn information system based on geographic location •

• A complete system toA complete system to

–

– Visualize results via maps and reports distributed in softcopy oVisualize results via maps and reports distributed in softcopy or r hardcopy form

hardcopy form

–

– Perform spatial and relational queries and analysisPerform spatial and relational queries and analysis –

– Create, update, and maintain spatial dataCreate, update, and maintain spatial data

…

…an integrating technologyan integrating technology …

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GIS

Geographic Information Systems

Information

Business Rules and Procedures People

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What is a Geographic Information System?

A GIS links spatial data (geography) with tabular data (attribut

A GIS links spatial data (geography) with tabular data (attribute data)e data)

…

…all data is mapped to a location on the earthall data is mapped to a location on the earth

Features

(on map)

Attributes

(in table) Managed As

Layers

GIS database

(set of layers for a geographic area)

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Visualization

Iteration & Learning

•

• Thematic analysisThematic analysis

•

• AuthoringAuthoring

•

• 2D/3D viewers 2D/3D viewers

•

• Visual interrogationVisual interrogation

•

• Animation and Animation and graphing

graphing

•

• Spatial selectionSpatial selection

Visualization & Communication

ArcGIS Desktop

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How many people live within a 300 yd cordon of the road?

Site suitability Analysis

Complex Spatial Analysis

• • ProximityProximity • • OverlayOverlay • • NetworkNetwork …

…all data is self awareall data is self aware…… Utility Line Trace

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Dimensions Dimensions Cadastral Cadastral Networks Networks Surveys Surveys Addresses Addresses Annotation Annotation Vectors Vectors 3D 3D ObjectsObjects Topology Topology Terrain Terrain Attribute Attribute

Geodata

Management

•

• Organization and Organization and

management of spatial management of spatial information information – – PersistencePersistence – – AccessAccess – – ReplicationReplication – – VersioningVersioning –

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A GIS works with thematic layers of spatial data to model the

natural and built environment providing a common picture

Transportation Transportation

Roadways & Paths

Railways Railways Bus Routes Bus Routes Waterways Waterways Utilities Utilities Electric Electric Gas Gas Water Water Phone Phone Steam Steam Boundary Data Boundary Data Town Town Campus Campus Police Precincts Police Precincts Land Parcels Land Parcels Buildings Buildings …

…a framework for performing a framework for performing ““what ifwhat if”” scenariosscenarios

GIS Organizes & Integrates Data & Workflows

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How is GIS Being Used in

Facility/Campus Management

•

GIS is being used for:

–

–PlanningPlanning –

–Space ManagementSpace Management –

–RealReal--estate/portfolio managementestate/portfolio management –

–Asset managementAsset management –

–Safety/SecuritySafety/Security –

–Environmental healthEnvironmental health –

–Transportation planningTransportation planning –

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Where is this happening?

Who Are the Early Adopters?

•

Universities

•

Federal Gov

’

t

–

–DoDDoD all servicesall services –

–NASA, GSA, etcNASA, GSA, etc……

•

Large private companies

•

State, County & large City

•

Airports

…

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GIS Models

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Data Models

•

• GIS data sets are more than database management GIS data sets are more than database management system (DBMS) tables

system (DBMS) tables

–

– They incorporate advanced behavior and integrity like other They incorporate advanced behavior and integrity like other information systems.

information systems.

–

– The schema, behavior, and integrity rules of geographic data setThe schema, behavior, and integrity rules of geographic data sets s play a critical role in GIS.

play a critical role in GIS.

…

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Data Modeling

Basics to get started

•

• GIS design involves GIS design involves organizing geographic organizing geographic

information into data information into data

themes that can be themes that can be

integrated using integrated using

geographic location. geographic location. •

• Design begins by Design begins by

identifying the data themes identifying the data themes to be used, then specifying to be used, then specifying

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11 Steps to GIS database modeling

Basics to get started

1.

1. Identify the information products that you will create and Identify the information products that you will create and manage with your GIS

manage with your GIS 2.

2. Identify the key data themes based on your information Identify the key data themes based on your information requirements

requirements 3.

3. Specify the scale ranges and spatial representations of Specify the scale ranges and spatial representations of each data theme at each scale

each data theme at each scale 4.

4. Decompose each representation into one or more Decompose each representation into one or more geographic datasets

geographic datasets 5.

5. Define the tabular database structure and behavior for Define the tabular database structure and behavior for descriptive attributes

descriptive attributes 6.

6. Define the spatial behavior and integrity rules for your Define the spatial behavior and integrity rules for your datasets

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11 Steps to GIS database modeling

cont.

7.

7. Propose a geodatabase design Propose a geodatabase design 8.

8. Design editing workflows and map display properties Design editing workflows and map display properties 9.

9. Assign responsibilities for building and maintaining each Assign responsibilities for building and maintaining each data layer

data layer 10.

10.Build a working prototype and review and refine your Build a working prototype and review and refine your design

design 11.

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The Geodatabase

Contains Datasets Contains Datasets •

• Datasets represent integral collections of information with Datasets represent integral collections of information with a meaningful real

a meaningful real--world interpretation.world interpretation. •

• Types of geographic dataset:Types of geographic dataset:

–

– TablesTables –

– Object classes, feature classes, relationship classesObject classes, feature classes, relationship classes –

– Feature datasetsFeature datasets –

– Networks, Topologies, Raster and Survey datasetsNetworks, Topologies, Raster and Survey datasets

•

• Datasets have associated information to help manage Datasets have associated information to help manage integrity, behavior, and interpretation

integrity, behavior, and interpretation

–

– DomainsDomains –

– Relational integrityRelational integrity –

– TopologyTopology –

– MetadataMetadata

…

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Validation Rules

•

• Store attribute, connectivity, and relationship rules on Store attribute, connectivity, and relationship rules on objects as part of the geodatabase.

objects as part of the geodatabase. •

• Predefined, parameter drivenPredefined, parameter driven

–

– Attribute range ruleAttribute range rule –

– Attribute set ruleAttribute set rule –

– Connectivity ruleConnectivity rule

•

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Domains

•

• Describe the legal values of a field type.Describe the legal values of a field type.

–

– Used to ensure attribute integrityUsed to ensure attribute integrity

•

• Can be shared among classesCan be shared among classes •

• Transfer with the geodatabaseTransfer with the geodatabase •

• Types of domains:Types of domains:

–

– RangeRange

•

• A tree can have a height between 0 and 300 feet.A tree can have a height between 0 and 300 feet. •

• A road can have between one and eight lanes.A road can have between one and eight lanes.

–

– Coded value (e.g., a set)Coded value (e.g., a set)

•

• A tree can be of type oak, redwood, or palm.A tree can be of type oak, redwood, or palm. •

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Subtypes

•

• Partition the objects in a class into like groups.Partition the objects in a class into like groups. •

• Defined by the value of a subtype field.Defined by the value of a subtype field.

–

– Have the same attribute schemaHave the same attribute schema –

– Have the same behavior schemaHave the same behavior schema –

– Can have different default values and domains for each fieldCan have different default values and domains for each field –

– Can define topology rules between subtypesCan define topology rules between subtypes

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Topology

•

• A topology manages a set of simple feature classes that A topology manages a set of simple feature classes that share geometry.

share geometry. •

• Topology is used toTopology is used to

–

– Integrate feature geometryIntegrate feature geometry –

– Validate featuresValidate features –

– Control editing toolsControl editing tools –

– Define relationships between featuresDefine relationships between features –

– Ensure the quality of your dataEnsure the quality of your data

Topology Error Topology Error Examples Examples No Gap No Gap No Overlap No Overlap Dangling edge Dangling edge

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Geodatabase Data Models

Standardized Templates for Many Fields

Standardized Templates for Many Fields _•_• _Address_Address

•

• AgriculturalAgricultural

•

• AtmosphericAtmospheric

•

• Base MapBase Map

•

• BiodiversityBiodiversity

•

• CensusCensus--AdminAdmin

•

• BoundariesBoundaries

•

• DefenseDefense--IntelIntel

•

• Energy UtilitiesEnergy Utilities

• • Environmental Environmental • • ForestryForestry • • GeologyGeology • • GroundwaterGroundwater • • HealthHealth •

• Historic Preservation Historic Preservation

& Archaeology

•

• Homeland SecurityHomeland Security

•

• HydroHydro

•

• IHOIHO

•

• Land ParcelsLand Parcels

•

• Local GovernmentLocal Government

•

• MarineMarine

•

• National CadastreNational Cadastre

• • PetroleumPetroleum • • PipelinePipeline • • TelecommunicationsTelecommunications • • TransportationTransportation •

• Water UtilitiesWater Utilities

ArcHydro

Simple feature class

Haul Contains Z valuesContains M valuesGeometryPoint No No

Data type

Field name Prec-ision Scale Length Domain Default value Allow nulls

OBJECTID Object ID SHAPE GeometryYes HAULJOIN Long integerNo 0 VESSELCODE Long integerNo 0 CRUISE Long integerNo 0 HAUL Long integerNo 0 STATION_ID StringNo 7

SSTEMP FloatNo 00 BOTTOMTEMP FloatNo 00 EFFORT FloatNo 00 DataSourceID StringYes 50

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Geodatabase Model for Building Interiors

Penobscot Bay Media

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3D Models

Providing new Providing new perspectives perspectives •

• A means to visualize A means to visualize “reality“reality”” •

• Another dimension for Another dimension for

thematic mapping & reporting thematic mapping & reporting •

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City & Campus Planning

Economic Development Economic Development

Green Mountain

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City & Campus Planning

Economic Development Economic Development

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Simple Campus Visualization

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Class Room Use

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Hospital Visualization

–

Patient Rooms by

Department

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Developing a 3D Model

Demo

•

• Extruded VectorsExtruded Vectors

•

• Draped VectorsDraped Vectors

•

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Geoprocessing Models

•

• Geoprocessing is a languageGeoprocessing is a language consisting of operators, or consisting of operators, or tools, that operate on the data (tables, feature classes, tools, that operate on the data (tables, feature classes,

rasters

rasters, , TINs, and so on), and perform tasks that are TINs, and so on), and perform tasks that are necessary for manipulating and analyzing geographic necessary for manipulating and analyzing geographic

information across a wide range of disciplines information across a wide range of disciplines •

• Geoprocessing models are how you automate your work.Geoprocessing models are how you automate your work.

–

– When you create a model, you are preserving a set of tasks, or aWhen you create a model, you are preserving a set of tasks, or a workflow, that you can execute multiple times.

workflow, that you can execute multiple times.

–

– There are an infinite number of workflows you can automate usingThere are an infinite number of workflows you can automate using models.

models.

–

– Models can range from very simple to as complex as you can Models can range from very simple to as complex as you can imagine

imagine

–

– Models are a way of documenting & sharing your knowledge about Models are a way of documenting & sharing your knowledge about a workflow with others

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A Simple and a Complex Model

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Geoprocessing Demonstration

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•

ModelBuilder

now supports looping

•

Use

…

– –ListsLists – –SeriesSeries –

–Boolean conditionsBoolean conditions – –CountCount – –FeedbackFeedback

Iterative Modeling

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Monitoring the built environment

…

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x x y y T T Files Files Modeling Modeling Simulation Simulation Multidimensio Multidimensio n

n Data Sets Data Sets (NetCDF) (NetCDF)

View

View ControlControl Room Room Real Time Real Time

Integration of Time

New Ways to Manage, Analyze, & Visualize Geography

•

• Tools for ManipulationTools for Manipulation

–

– QueryQuery –

– Change analysisChange analysis –

– Iterative processingIterative processing – – VisualizationVisualization • • AnimationAnimation • • ChartingCharting –

– Tracking analysisTracking analysis –

– NetCDFNetCDF data supporteddata supported

•

• Tools to Manage Historical Tools to Manage Historical State

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Animation in All Applications

Visualizing Change Over Space & Time Visualizing Change Over Space & Time

• • MapsMaps • • GraphsGraphs • • 3D Scenes3D Scenes • • GlobesGlobes

Data Census Change

. . . Communicating Patterns, Relationships, & Processes

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Example: Office Vacancy Animation

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Making Them Work Together

More complex scenarios can be modeled by combining More complex scenarios can be modeled by combining

basic capabilities from each area discussed basic capabilities from each area discussed

–

– Data ModelsData Models

•

• Representation and BehaviorRepresentation and Behavior

–

– 2D & 3D Visualization2D & 3D Visualization –

– GeoprocessingGeoprocessing –

– TimeTime

…

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Planning & Analysis

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•

Compact 2D display of

large amounts of

information

•

Abstract representation

for the real features

•

Features scaled to

represent any quantity

Optimization Visualization

Spatial Subdivision Diagram

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Current Space Allocation

• Organizations Split Across Floors • Inefficient Use of Space

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Emergency Preparedness and Response

planning

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ESRI

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56 56 Action Action Decision Decision Making Making Modeling Modeling Analyze Analyze Measure Measure Guiding Human Guiding Human Activities Activities Planning Planning

. . . Connects Disciplines, Departments, Organizations . . . Connects Disciplines, Departments, Organizations

Our Customers Use GIS as a Framework

for Managing Their Business

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GIS is Providing a New Medium For

Understanding

Modeling the Physical and Cultural Knowledge of our World

Breaking Down the Earth into Components and Systems . . .

Providing

•

• Systematic KnowledgeSystematic Knowledge •

• An Integrative FrameworkAn Integrative Framework •

• Analytic MethodsAnalytic Methods •

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GIS Is

Influencing How We See and Do Things

Building a Common Understanding

. . . Changing How We Communicate

Providing More Providing More • • ScienceScience • • Accuracy/DetailAccuracy/Detail • • RealismRealism •

• Logic & AnalysisLogic & Analysis

• • ImmediacyImmediacy Creating a Sense of Creating a Sense of Engagement Engagement

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GIS Should Work as a

Complete System

A New Way to Manage and Disseminate Geographic Knowledge

Author/Serve/Use Author/Serve/Use • • MapsMaps • • DataData • • ModelsModels • • GlobesGlobes • • MetadataMetadata Use Use Serve Serve Author Author Web Map Web Map Viewer Viewer Desktop

Desktop ExplorerExplorer

ArcGIS Server

Mobile

Mobile EnterpriseEnterprise Service Bus Service Bus Open Open APIs APIs

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GIS is the Perfect Platform for

Integration

To

To Author, Serve, and Use Geographic KnowledgeAuthor, Serve, and Use Geographic Knowledge

. . . And Making It All Accessible

Managing Complexity . . . Managing Complexity . . . GIS Author Author Serve Serve Use Use

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Managing

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Visualizing & Reporting Space Utilization

NASA LaRC

Inside Buildings

Across Facilities/ Real Property Portfolios

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Managing IT Infrastructures

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Web

-

based Facility Management Reporting

US Navy Atlantic Fleet Shore Installation Management Systems

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Bed Capacity Management

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•

• Tracking Server Tracking Server •

• Legacy SystemsLegacy Systems •

• Business SystemsBusiness Systems •

• Geospatial Analysis & Geospatial Analysis & Map Publishing

Map Publishing

–

– ArcGIS ServerArcGIS Server

Building an ESRI Common Operating Picture

Employee Locator

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Where To Go From Here?

Session to Attend to Learn More:

• W2A - Jim Nelson - Building a Campus Model from Scratch

• W4A – Mike Parkin – Inside Out: Performing GIS Analysis on interior spaces

•

• W4C W4C –– Katherine OKatherine O’’Brien Brien –– A CampusA Campus--Wide Geodatabase: bricks Wide Geodatabase: bricks and Mortar of a University's GIS

and Mortar of a University's GIS

•

• TG1 TG1 –– Panel moderated by Jeannie Rice Panel moderated by Jeannie Rice –– Implementing GIS: How Implementing GIS: How Do I Know If I Was Successful?

Do I Know If I Was Successful?

•

• T2A T2A –– Paul Cote Paul Cote –– Integrating BIM and GIS: The Road AheadIntegrating BIM and GIS: The Road Ahead

•

• T4B T4B –– Stuart Rich Stuart Rich –– Developing a GIS Data Model Standard for Developing a GIS Data Model Standard for Interior Spaces

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ESRI Training and Education

Helping You to Learn

•

• InstructorInstructor--led Trainingled Training

•

• ESRI Virtual CampusESRI Virtual Campus

–

– Online selfOnline self--paced learningpaced learning

–

– Virtual classroomVirtual classroom

–

– Live training seminarsLive training seminars •

• Learning PathwaysLearning Pathways

•

• Instructional Series PodcastsInstructional Series Podcasts

•

• Training and Education Web SiteTraining and Education Web Site

http://training.esri.com

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History of GIS History of GIS at Harvard at Harvard Real World Real World Case Studies Case Studies

ESRI Press

Leader in Quality GIS Educational Materials

•

• 68 Titles in print68 Titles in print

•

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. . . More Rational Approach That Considers

& Integrates All the Factors . . .

. . . A Geographic Science Approach