Surface Systems Wellhead Training File (10 Puntos)

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Wellhead and Gate Valve

Training Presentation

Performance

T H R O U G H L E A D E R S H I P

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RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM

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Sales and Service Locations

Manufacturing Plants, 2007 Capacity (in Units) Edmonton, 4,200 Beziers & Leeds, (sub.) Venezuela & Argentina, 700 Veracruz, 3,000 OKC, 2,400 Romania, 9,600 Singapore & Malaysia, 1,900

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Testing capabilities include:

• Pressure, Bending • Harsh Environment • Fatigue • Tensile • Underwater/Hazardous

• Choke Flow Characteristics • Hot Oil Circulation

• Erosion

• Pull/Push Load • Corrosion

Why Cameron?

When it comes to setting industry standards, Cameron is the Measure of Technology.

We have a dedicated facility for research,

development, and proving of new products

and technologies. Facility Size:

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• Conventional Well Drilling / Completion • Wellheads • Christmas Trees • Seal Technology • Gate Valves • Actuators • Chokes

Surface

Systems

Presentation Outline

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Wellhead

Terminology

A Section

---Lowermost Casing Head Casing Housing Bradenhead B Section ---Intermediate Head Casing Spool C Section ---Tubing Spool Tubing Head Swab Valve Tee Upper Master Valve Lower Master Valve

Casing Hanger

Landing Base Packoff

Tubing Hanger

Outboard Actuated Safety Valve

--- Wing

Choke Outboard Valve

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Wellhead

Common Features:

• Wellhead support and suspend casing string

• Provides a connection point for the pressure control equipment

• Contains well pressure

• Allows access into the production and annulus bores

Types:

• Independent (screwed connection) • Non-Conventional

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Features:

• Low cost option

• Low pressure wells (<3K)

• Adaptable for Tubingless completions • All-threaded joints

• Slip or mandrel tubing suspension

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Non-Conventional

MBS, MB20, TSW, DBTS, SSMC, SS, CSW

Features:

• Enhanced safety • Rig time savings • Internal lock down • Space savings • Quick connects • Weight savings

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Features:

• Lower two housings installed through rotary

• Two casing strings run with only one BOP N/U

• High hanging capacity • Rated 5-15K completions

MBS

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MB20

Multi-Bowl System 20K

Features:

• Extreme services

• High hanging capacity

• High pressure completions • Dual Multi-bowl design • Fast Clamp connection

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TSW

Time Savings Wellhead

Features:

• Low cost

• 3-10K completions

• Installed through rotary

• Threaded ring quick connect • Mandrel hangers available

• Frac mandrel allows for 10K fracturing on 5K completions

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DBTS

Dual Barrier Time Saver

Features:

• Low cost

• 3-10K completions

• Fluted mandrel hanger • Installed through rotary

• Threaded ring quick connect

• Retrievable pack-offs with internal lock-down

• Dual barrier sealing and testing capabilities

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Features:

• 5-15K completions • Multi-bowl design

• Installed through rotary • Fluted mandrel hanger

• Metal-to-Metal sealing capabilities • Flangelock or Fastlock quick connects

• Retrievable pack-offs with internal lock-down

• Lends itself to offshore installations where space and weight are concerns

Fastlock Connector Flangelock Connector

SSMC

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SS Wellhead

Space Saver

Features:

• Low cost

• Compact profile

• Eliminates tubing spool • Latch type tubing hanger • 3-10K completions

• Nested hangers allow reduced stack-up heights

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RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM 16

Features:

• Field proven • Improved safety • Simple operation • Low maintenance

• Cost effective system

• Maximizes platform space • Modular design using SSMC

components

• Reduced installation time

CSW

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Conventional

Flanged Wellheads

Features:

• High Pressure • Severe service

• Robust with high integrity seals • Most Common

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Features:

• Bottom connection • Side outlets

• Top connection • Hanger Bowl

• Optional landing base

“A” Section

Casing Housing

Also known as:

• Lower casing head • Casing Housing • Braden Head • Starter Head

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Casing Housing

Bottom Connection Types

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Casing Housing

CAMFORGE™ Casing Connection System

Features:

• 10K pressure rating

• No welding or pre-machining

• Hydraulic pressure forms pressure tight metal seal

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Features:

• Bottom connection

• Secondary seal

• Side outlets

• Top connection

• Hanger bowl

“B” Section: Intermediate Spool

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Casing Spool

Secondary Seal Types

P-Seal

NX Bushing

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Casing Hangers

Slip Type

Automatic Manual

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Casing Hangers

Mandrel

Features:

• No waiting on cement • Can be run through BOP • BPV thread option

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Casing Hangers

Side View

Fluted Mandrel

Features:

• BPV thread option • No waiting on cement • Flow-by slots for cement • Can be run through BOP

• Hanger can be run with casing

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Tubing Spool

“C” Section: Tubing Head

Features:

• Side outlets • Hanger bowl • Secondary Seal • Top connection • Tie-Down screws • Bottom connection

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T-40-CL

CXS

Tubing Hanger

_{Common Features:}

• BPV prep available • Provides annular seal • Provides landing thread • Suspends weight of tubing

• Provides down-hole penetrations

• Metal-to-Metal sealing options for HPHT

MTBS

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Features:

• Split hanger design • Resilient annular seal

• Resilient or metal neck seal • Used for multiple completions • Continuous control line available

Tubing Hanger

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Features:

• Production • SCSSV line • Pressure line • Temperature lines • Chemical injection • Electrical submersible pump

Tubing Hanger

Penetrations

Continuous Non-continuous ESP

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Tubing Head Adapter

Features:

• Flange test port

• Control line exit preparation • Tree connection preparation • Metal and/or resilient neck seal

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“Connection Seal”

used as an atmospheric

seal at all wellhead interfaces

“Primary Seal”

used to pack off between the wellhead and the

casing in the bowl

“Secondary Seal”

used to seal the casing string into the next

wellhead bottom

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1. Casing Hangers:

Energized automatically by weight of casing, or manually by cap screws or tie-down screws.

2. Tubing Hangers:

-Metal or elastomeric sealing

-Machined surface finish sealing area

• Metal or elastomer seals available. • Installed in the bottom of the wellhead • Seals against un-machined casing. • Self-energized by radial squeeze or

manually by adding plastic packing.

Seal Descriptions

Primary Seals:

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Description P Seal NX Bushing T Seal Canh Seal

Service Rating _{Moderately Severe}Standard and/or _{Moderately Severe}Standard and/or Standard Severe/ Corrosive

Seal Type Elastomeric Elastomeric Elastomeric Metal-To-Metal

Working

Pressure Upto 15,000 psi 10,000 psi 5,000 psi 15,000 - 20,000 psi Means of

Energizing Seal Plastic Packing Plastic Packing Radial Interference

Flange / Tie-down / Hydraulic Make-up

Size Range 4-1/2 in. to 24 in. 4-1/2 in. to 16 in. 4-1/2 in. to 18-5/8 in. 3-1/2 in. to 16 in.

Secondary Seals Comparison Chart

Seal Technology

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Elastomeric Seals

O-Ring

P Seal

T Seal

S Seal

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Metal-to-Metal Seals

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Connection Seals

R Ring Gasket

RX Ring Gasket

BX

(face-to-face contact)

CF Ring Gasket

API

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Features:

• Single check available to release bore pressure

• Double check available to release bore pressure

• Run with polished rod lubricator or dry rod

What is it used for?

Installed into tubing hanger or mandrel casing hanger to close secure well bore pressures

Seal Handling Thread Hanger Thread Valve Spring Valve Stem

BPV

_TWC

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Features:

• Utilizes one tool for both BPV and TWC options

• Increased safety over H type BPV / TWC • Rig time savings

Back Pressure Valve

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Features:

• Valves

• Tee and crosses • Actuators

• Tree cap • Choke

• Blind / instrument flanges

• Needle valves / pressure gauges

Christmas Trees

Components

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Features:

• Cost effective

• Repair by replacement • Flexible manufacturing

• Single or dual-completions

• Large bore, high pressure available • Alternative stack-up arrangements

possible

Christmas Trees

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Features:

• Compact design • Minimum leak paths

• Multi-cavity single forging • High structural strength • Single or dual-completions • Ideal for offshore platform

applications

Christmas Trees

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• Expanding gate valves

Model M

• Slab gate valves

FLS

FLS-R (XHPHT)

• Valve Selection

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Features:

•

5-20K rating

•

Forged body

•

Metal Sealing

•

Back-seat capability

•

Low-torque operation

•

Corrosion resistant materials

•

Easily maintained, no special tools needed for field repair

FLS Gate Valve

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Features:

• Cast body • Metal sealing • Low pressure (5K) • Low-torque operation • Upstream/downstream seal

• Does not require lubricants to seal

• Seat faces are isolated when valve is open

W-K-M Model M

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Features:

• 10-20K rating • Low torque • Value engineered • Bi-directional sealing • Ball screw assembly

• Back seats top and bottom

• Ease of operation & maintenance

• Minimum of turns lessen wear on stem seal

7-1/16 10,000 Frac Valve

FLS-R Gate Valve

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9” 5K

TORQUE

FLS

800 Ft-Lb first 4.5 Turns

40 Ft-Lb remaining 54 Turns

FLS-R

150 Ft-Lb first 2 Turns

20 Ft-Lb remaining 36 Turns

FLS vs. FLS-R Comparison

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FLS vs. FLS-R Comparison

6-3/8” 15K

TORQUE

FLS

1800 Ft-Lb first 6.5 Turns

55 Ft-Lb remaining 32 Turns

FLS-R

225 Ft-Lb first 2.5 Turns

20 Ft-Lb remaining 12.75 Turn

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Fail-As-Is with Hydraulic actuator.

Gulf Mexico 7500’ water depth

FLS-R Gate Valve

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HPHT Wellhead-Tree 20,000 PSI / 300 Plus Degrees

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Size (in.) 1-13/16 2-1/16 2-9/16 3 4 5-1/8 6-3/8 7-3/8 9 FL Slab type or M expanding gate FLS Slab type gate valves FLS slab type gate valves with tailrod for manual valves

Pressure Rating (psi)

2,000 3,000 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000

FLS Slab type gate valves

Note 1:

Note 1: Use FLS Slab type gate valves for Clad or subsea applications.

Gate Valve Selection

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RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM 52 API TEMP CLASSIFICATION OPERATING RANGE (DEG. F) OPERATING RANGE (DEG. C)

(MIN.) (MAX.) (MIN.) (MAX.)

K -75 TO 180 -60 TO 82

L -50 TO 180 -46 TO 82

N -50 TO 140 -46 TO 60

P -20 TO 180 -29 TO 82

R ROOM TEMPERATURE ROOM TEMPERATURE

S 0 TO 140 -18 TO 60

T 0 TO 180 -18 TO 82

U 0 TO 250 -18 TO 121

V 35 TO 250 2 TO 121

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API Material Class Body, Bonnet, End & Outlet Connections

Pressure Controlling Parts, Stems, & Mandrel Hangers

AA- General Service Carbon or low alloy steel Carbon or low alloy steelb

BB- General Service Carbon or low alloy steel Stainless Steel

CC- General Service Stainless Steel Stainless Steel

DD- Sour Servicea _{Carbon or low alloy steel}b _{Carbon or low alloy steel}b

EE- Sour Servicea _{Carbon or low alloy steel}b _{Stainless steel}b

FF- Sour Servicea _{Stainless steel}b _{Stainless steel}b

HH- Sour Servicea _{Corrosion Resistant Alloy}b _{Corrosion Resistant Alloy}b

ZZ- Sour Service User Definedb _{User Defined}b

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Material Type Application (Part)

Maximum H2S at 5000 psi (34,5 Mpa) Minimum pH of water phase Maximum Temperature Carbon or Low Alloy Steel

Body, Bonnet, Hanger

Gate, Seat, Stem No Limit No Limit No Limit

410 or F6NM Stainless Steel

Body, Bonnet, Gate, Seat No Limit 3.5 No Limit

Stem or Hanger 300 ppm 3.5 No Limit

17-4 PH SST or

Monel k-500 Valve Stems Only 100 ppm 4.5 No Limit

316 or 304 Stainless Steel

Ring Gasket No Limit No Limit No Limit

Gate, Seat, Stem 3000 ppm No Limit 140° F (60° C)

Stellite or Tungsten Carbide

Gates, Seats Choke, Trim No Limit No Limit No Limit

Nickel Alloys 718 and 925

Body, Bonnet, Hanger Gate, Seat, Stem

No Limit No Limit 275° F (135° C)

40000 ppm No Limit 400° F (204° C)

Nickel Alloys 625 and 825

Body, Bonnet, Hanger

Gate, Seat, Stem No Limit No Limit No Limit

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Pneumatic Diaphragm and Piston

Features:

• Used on remotely operate valves and chokes • Uses basic air supply to operate

• 170 psi operating pressure • Simple, but robust design

• Inexpensive to install and maintain

• Manufactured to NACE MR0175, (H₂S)

• May be MMS certified for offshore installations

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Features:

• Used in multiple applications • Available for valves from 2” to 9”

• Single or double piston design available • Visual indicators for easy viewing

• Wire line cutting capability if needed • Often used offshore where space and

weight are critical

• Fail open / close / in-place

• Ideal for extreme cold environment

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Actuators

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Chokes

Definition:

Restriction in a flow line that causes a pressure drop or reduces the rate of flow through an orifice

Types:

• Fixed bean

• Needle and seat • External sleeve • Plug & cage

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Needle and Seat:

• Simplest application

• Least expensive adjustable choke

• Best for pressure control • High capacity

Plug and Cage:

• High capacity

• Good controllability • Eliminates body erosion

Fixed Bean:

• Best for infrequent adjustments

• Used on Production Xmas trees

External Sleeve:

• Superior erosion resistance • Eliminates body erosion

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Types of Chokes

There are two types of Chokes that are

commonly available.

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H2 Needle and Seat Chokes

Body Sizes: 2”, 3” 4” Trim Sizes: 1”, 2”, 3”

Pressure Ratings: To 15,000 psi

• Positive & Adjustable

• Minimum Parts easily maintained • Easily changed from fixed to

adjustable

• Can pass relatively large solids • Typical applications:

• Wellheads

• Production Manifolds • Choke & Kill Manifolds • Well Testing & Clean-up

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“MOV” Multiple Orifice Valve Choke

Body Sizes: 1”, 2”, 3”, 4”, 6” Trim Sizes: Disc Trims

Pressure Ratings: 3,000 psi to 10,000 psi

• Positive & Adjustable

• Minimum Parts easily maintained • Precision Flow Control

• Good Shut-off capabilities • Reversible seats

• Typical applications: • Wellheads

• Manifolds

• Gas lift, CO2 injection

The MOV uses two matched discs, each with a pair of circular openings to create variable flow as one disc is rotated relative to the other.

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To allow Flow Coefficient to be calculated for a complete range of

fluids, including multi-phase. Cameron Willis has developed the most validated choke sizing program in the industry. It is based on scientific principles and results of extensive flow capacity testing.

To ensure optimum accuracy the sizing program contains an extensive database of Cameron Willis choke designs, sizes, & trim

characteristics and is capable of predicting the onset of cavitation and choked flow.

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Correct Sizing is critical to proper Choke Performance

OVERSIZED

• Reduced Controllability • Vibration • Increased Erosion

UNDERSIZED

• Insufficient Flow Capacity • Lower Production Rates •Excessive Pressure Drops