An element consists of only one kind of otom. A compound conslsfs of lwo or more different elements chemicolly combined In o fked rotio. The components of o mixture con be in ony proportion ond ore not chemicolly bound.
clossify eqch of the following os on element, compound or mixture by writing E, c or M in the spoce provided,
EIEMENTS,
COMPOUNDS
AND MIXTURES
L sodium 2. woter 3. soil
4. coffee
ffi
21, orongejuice
Nome
22. helium 5,
6. 7 . 8. 9, 1 0 . 'il. 12.
r3.
14. 1 5 . t 6 . 1 7 . 1 8 .
oxygen
olcohol
corbon dioxide coke botter oir
soop lron
solt woter rce creom nitrogen eggs
blood
toble solt noil polish milk
't9.
20.
@lnstructlonol Folr, lnc. t 0
Elements,
compounds,
ond
Mixtures "d"%-*ub@?'**'B,
Motter cqn be identified os on elemenl ,o compound, or o mixture. rdentify the moferiols befow by plocing on E in f ront of an element,a c in front of o compound. ond on M in front of o mixtune. rf the substonce is q mixture, write Homoqenous or Heterogeneous behind fhe word.
32. 3 3 .
? 4
3 5 . 3 6 . 37. J 6 . 39. 40. 41.
f. iron 2 . d i r t
3. sodium chloride 4. silver
5. woter 6. fertilizer 7. milk 8. uronium 9. gold 10. neon 17. bronze
12. seven-beon soup 13. boking sodo 14. bird's nest 15. boking powder 16. oluminum !7. oceon water 18. storch 19. point 20. gosoline 21. sugcr
2?. detergent 2 3 . i n k
24. phosphorus 25. air
26. colcium corbonote 27. muddywater
?8. powdereddrinkmix 29. colcium
30. concrete corbon dioxide
blood coke mix iced lea ccndy bor lemonode nitrogen PoPer chlonine corbon
corbonoted woter morshmollow
o.te_ Chrt
Name
hlutionr,
ftlloidl and
Surpenrions
A fnlrtrno .!n bc d$ctlb{d !! r $lutlon, | n|lpdtlon, or r (dlold. Erdr qp€ ot m|nure h.3 unlquo propartha. U$ thc trinr tnd Fhr$er h $a wqd bor to <omplatc |tre drrrt Sonc t ifit or phrtara 8rg u€d norr ihrn on€o.
lal!! p|rtkllt |nlnut6 prrildar nadlum portlclea |sttl€| out 6vtr {mr lolut€ lt dlgolt/ld lnio . tolvrnt
prnldfi rpporr 61.lrnly dlddbutod mu*y or opqus xp.r&!d by llhntlon (.tt n lhht do.t not$ttl! out fruddy w&.r
tranrtara|tt fo! oalnlo llLa
t!h{,at!f wlilpladatltm mlk
oll lnd vhegar drittlng tug.r lNatlr rubblng ll(ohol
Surpanrloe Collold tolutlon
Propaftla{ ?rop.rlltr: Prop|rful
&!mphrl &arnphn ErarnplGt
Comlhtc thl6 worl$heet after you dnrth t€a. Dg Chrptcr 4 Sccdon 3.,
:!:e1 -eac[ ngule Ftow wth the t]?€ of $brtuic. Jt BlSf nodet : collol4 compounq element, soluiin, or suspcnsfon
h \
F
Itts AII Mtxed IJp
il'd9"ft:i
flE;f"{{"7
:*'s:':'Pr
ffi
F:te1{.:,rjf$i
fokes up spoce ond hos rnoss
DIRFCfIO'\|5: (bei' rord bonk below to filtjn the blonks. f hen, rsing yorrr notes ond/or textbook, wrlte down two exornptes for eoeh type of c lrrssffis otion of rnotter.
Def rnite conposition; hofhogenow Is it rnode of only one type of ototn?
"f tvtatter
I dentif iobte cornposition
Voriobte cotnPosition
Is the rnixlwe qnifonn (the sorne throt€hout)?
Looks the sorne throughout
SOIID,nSOllD
Is the
No
rnixtwe oloudy? Yes
Chernicol c ornbinotion of lwo or more elernents
Sotid in Liquid
Oftsn cleor; will not scotter light
Is the solrrtion node of two or rnore metols?
I
Y
Cloudy;lorge portic les sc otter tight;
rnoy seporote
I
2
Mode of otons; connot be seporoted f rrrther by physicol or chernicol rneons
wORD DANI: olloy, colloid, cofhpound, elethent, heterogeneo to tnixtrrre, hornogeno rs rnixtr.rre, rnotter,
rnixtrlre. prrre sqbstonce, sokrlion,srrspension
t.
.l
t.
a I.
1
w
t N t ,1
Is the sribstonse pure?
N a m e
Phyrical
and
ftemical
Properties
Elements, substances, and compounds have both physical and chemical properties. Physical p.roperties are those that can be described using the senses and can be determined without destroying the
object. Color, mass, density, and odor are examples of physical properties. Chemical properties describe how a substance reacts with another substance and the original is changed into something else. Classify each term in the word box as a physical or chemical property.
reacts with base to form water density flammability solubility
supports combustion taste melting point hardness
boiling point neutralizes a base luster odor
neutralizes an acid reacts with an acid reacts to oxygen electromotive reacts with water to form gas color
=
.a
6
3
0
s, t
t3
PHYSICAT
VS.
CHEMICAT
PROPERTIES
oppropriqte column.
Nome
A physicol property is observed with the senses ond con be determlned without destroyins
fhe object. For exomple, color, shope, moss, length, density, specific heqt qnd odor ore
oll exomples of physicol properties.
A chemicol property indicoies how o substonce reocts wilh something else. When o chemicql property is observed, the originol substonce is chonged into o different substonce. For exomple, the obility of iron to rust is q chemicol property, The iron hos reocted with oxygen ond the originol kon metol is gone. lt is now iron oxide, o new
subsionce. All chemicol chonges include physicol chonges.
Clossify the following properties qs either chemicol or physicol by putting o check in ihe
Physical Property
Chemical Property
l, red color 2. density
3. flammobility
4. solubility
5. reacis with qcid to form hydrogen 6. supports combustion
7. bitter tqsfe
B. melfing point
9. reocts with woter to form o gos .l0.
reocts with o bose to form woter
1L hqrdness 12. boiling point .I3.
con neutrqlize q bose
\4. luster
.l5. odor
Phvsicol Science 1F8767 38 @lnstructionol Foir, Inc.
B)-Identifying Physical and Chemical Changes
Identifuing plrysical and chemical changes is an important science skill. Table A provides several examples of situations in which a substance undergoes a change. Decide if the description indicates a plrysical or a chemical change. Write your answer in the appropriate box. Also, briefly state why you made your choice. Table B provides several substances that can undergo both pltysical and chemical changes. In the appropriate box, describe what could be done to the substances to bring about these changes.
Table A
Tvoe of Change Reason for Cboice
While you are filling the gas tank on your minibike, a small amount of gasoline spills but soon disappears.
As the minibike runs, less gasohne remains in the gas tank as carbon dioxide leaves the exhaust.
After swimming in the ocean and resting on the beach, you are no longer wet, but your skin has a salty fikn on it.
After stirring the sugar you added to some
iced tea, the sugar disappears but the tea
tastes sweet.
Table B
Description ofa Physical Change that Could Happen
Description of a Chemical Change that Could HsoDen
Raw Egg
Pencil
Antacid Tablet
Green Plant
Bicycle Frame
CHEMICAI VS. PHYSICAT
CHANGE NOME
In o physlcol chonge, the originol substonce still exlsts, lt hos only chonged in form, Energy chonges usuolly do not occompony physicol chonges, except in phose chonges ond when substonces dissolve.
ln o chemicol chonge, o new substqnce is produced. Energy chongeis olwoys qccompcrny chemicql chonges, Physicol chonges usuqlly occompony chemlcol chonges.
Closify the following os being either o chemicol or o physicol chonge, i, Sodium chloride dissolves in woter.
2. Hydrochloric qcid reocts with sodium hydroxide to produce o solt, woter ond heot,
3. A pellet of sodium is sliced in holf.
4, Woter is heoted ond chonged to steom, 5. Food is digested.
6. Storch molecules ore formed from smoller glucose molecules,
7, lce melts.
8. Plqnt leoves lose woter through evoporotion. 9. A red blood cell ploced In distilled woter will swell
ond burst.
10. The energy in food molecdes is ironsfened into molecules of ATP.
'|
L lhe roots of o plont obsorb woter, 12, lron rusts.
13. Oxygen is incorporqted into hemoglobin to bring it to the cells.
14. A person gets cooler by perspiring, 'l5.
Proteins qre mode from omino ocids. ]6. A motch burns.
17, A toothoick is broken in holf.
@nstructlonol Foir, Inc.
(J nderstanding Fhase (h"ngt
Thc diagran Mow shows the phcscs and phasc thangcs ol wotcr. B4e, to thc dtsyam at yoy answter th.
qrestio s.
Increasing Heat Energy
t. flow r"ng ph"t". of mattcr arc shown? What arc thcse phases? ffiffi
ffi
t,ddEfiSo|rd 6r!
Z. flow mang different ph""" ch"ng." are shown? \ame thesc changcs.
f . Wh;.h ph""" ch"ng"" rcguirc an increase in hcat cnergg?
+. Which phrr" .h.ng"" reluire a de..""se in hcat energg?
J. flow Joes th " di"gr^- depict the -c,l"cules o{ ^ solidz
6. pescribe tE" role.rl"" of
" ligrid.
/. Pescnbc th" rol..rl.. o{ " ga
a. $ased on the Jiagram, what happcns to thc rol"culcs ofa substancc as hcat energg
incrcases?
9. pcscribe what happens to th" rol".rl." of a substancc as hcat cncrgg decrcascs?
Grrphing the f h"se fhrr'tg." of " $"bstance
Cond€nsea
Fr€€rot
llsll! UAUID
("#t
4 b /
:6-ffi/.
souo 'rNo
Added Heat Energy
) .
'f.
$trdg th" gt"ph and answer the following questions. I . pocs the tcmge rature increase duringmclting
t. fs cncrgg reluired, for each ph"r. change?
(."n both liquid watcr and steam exist at t oo"(-z
!!hat must b" ch""ged, temperature or heat energg, duringcondensation?
1. $hat happens to thc rol".rl." u" heat energg and tcmgcraturc increase?
6. llritc a rule about the rclationship betwecn phrsc
"h"r,ges -nd temperature.
/ . \'l',trite a rulc about the relationship bctween phrsc .hrng""
"nJ heat encrgg.
FREEUEhIG
AhID BOITIN@
POINT
GRAPH
26
t ' \ o
L f ' Q)
r_
o
