hazard

(1)

HAZARD & RISK

(2)

How would you define the

terms hazard and risk?

A

hazard

is a source of danger which can be

defined as “a condition or situation that

exists

in the

work envir

onment that could

result in

physical harm, injury and/ or damage”.

Risk

relat

es to exposure to the danger and

is

defined as “the probability of any injury or

loss

(3)

(4)

Can you give me some examples

of a visible hazard?

Untidy Working area

Missing machine guards

Broken or damaged ladders

Slippery surface.

(5)

Can you give me some examples

of a hidden hazard?

Toxic/asphyxiating gases

Vapors inside a confined space

(6)

Can you give some examples of a

developing hazard?”

Building and structural damage due to vibration or

moisture

Corrosion and weathering of metal components

Exposure to constant noise which is above the

recommended levels

Abnormal wear and tear on critical parts of

machinery, plant and equipment

Deterioration from ultra-violet radiation or chemical

reaction

(7)

Hazard Awareness

_–

Spot the Hazards

(8)

Hazard Awareness

_–

Spot the Hazards

1. Operatives not wearing safety helmets

2. No edge protection to roof nothing to stop materials falling off 3. Roof ladder not long enough

4. Access ladder tied to gutter 5. Ladder leaning on gutter 6. Access ladder too short 7. Manual handling

8. Unprotected skylight

9. Operative kneeling on fragile roof materials 10. Operative not wearing sensible clothing

11. Loose tools in bag liable to fall out onto persons below 12. Carrying tools up ladder. Only one hand

available to steady operative on the ladder

(9)

Hazard Awareness

_–

Spot the Hazards

(10)

Hazard Awareness

_–

Spot the Hazards

Ground Excavations

1. No ladder or safe access

2. Operatives not wearing safety helmets 3. Timbering inadequate to safety support

the sides of the excavation 4. Cable crossing excavation both

unprotected and unsupported

5. Edges of excavation unsafe and breaking away 6. Some wedges used to tighten up timbering missing 7. No securing pins in screw jack

8. Operatives not wearing correct safety footwear 9. Operative climbing on screw jack

10. Board incorrectly toed in

11. Spoil heap in dangerous position 12. Soil slipping between trench supports 13. Unwedged strut across excavation

(11)

Hazard Awareness

_–

Spot the Hazards

(12)

Hazard Awareness

_–

Spot the Hazards

1. No safety clip on crane hook

2. Shackle between crane hook and sling ring 3. Knot in right-hand sling

4. Angle between legs of sling too wide 5. Insecure slinging method, chain

too near end of load. Is load secure? 6. Spare sling legs not hooked back 7. Load off level

8. What is SWL of sling?

9. Signaller not wearing safety helmet 10. Correct hand signals not being used 11. Adjacent excavation not guarded 12. Outrigger of crane too near to edge of

trench on unstable ground 13. Tag rope not being used 14. Driver cannot see signaler 15. Nails in timber sticking up

16. Spoil heap causing possible trip hazard

(13)

(14)

Does anyone know the 6

general categories of hazards?

Physical (noise, vibration, temperature)

Chemical /Substances (exposure to cyanide, acids, caustic soda,

lead)

Ergonomic ( work area layout, equipment design, instrument

layout)

Radiation (ultraviolet exposure from the sun or welding,

infra-red from drying or heating processes)

Biological (viruses, bacteria, parasites)

Psychological (work load, shift arrangement, workplace

violence)

(15)

(16)

“Does anyone remember the

definition of risk?”

RISK

relates to exposure to a danger and is

defined as “the probability of any injury or

loss occurring from the hazard”

(17)

What would be an example in

each category?

Some Consequences of

high risk

examples

would be:

Loss of life

Permanent disability

Loss of body part

Extensive loss of structure, equipment or

material

(18)

“What would be an example in

each category?” cont..

Some Consequences of

medium risk

examples would be:

Serious injury or illness that results in a

temporary disability

Property damage that is disruptive but less

severe than a high risk hazard

(19)

“What would be an example in

each category?” cont..

Some Consequences of

Low risk

examples

would be:

Minor, on-disabling injury or illness

Non-disruptive property damage

(20)

(21)

Elimination

Replacement

Isolation

Control (work permits )

Personal Protective Equipment

Disciplines (Procedures, work instruction )

Can anyone suggest what these

are?

(22)

How can we, as individuals, help to

eliminate hazards and protect

ourselves and others?

Clean up after the job

Store and stack items correctly

Post hazard warning signs

Barricade the work area if a short term hazard exists

e.g welding /excavation

Operate equipment correctly

Follow the specified safe work procedures

(23)

SUMMARY

During the talk we have discussed how to:

Identify different types of hazards

Categorize hazards

Assess the risk associated with hazards

Eliminate hazard

(24)

How do I develop a Task Hazard analysis

for a critical job

Divide the task into sequences of basic steps.

Hazard Identification – Identify all potential

hazards in each basic step .

(25)

Consequences Categories

5 Major

Causing death to one or more people. Loss or damage is such that it could cause serious business disruption (e.g. major fire, explosion or structural damage). Loss/ damage in excess of a financial value

4 Sever Causing permanent disability. (e.g. loss of limb, sight or hearing). Loss/ damage in excess of a financial value.

3 Significant Causing temporary disability. (e.g. fractures). Loss/ damage in excess of a financial value. 2 Minor Causing significant injuries. (e.g. sprain, bruises, and lacerations). Loss/ damage in excess of

a financial value e.g. damage to fixtures and fittings.

1 Slight

Causing minor injuries. (e.g. cuts, scratches). No lost time likely other than for first aid treatment. Loss/ damage in excess of a financial value e.g. superficial damage to interior decorations.

Estimate the consequence or severity of the

event

How do I develop a Task Hazard

analysis for a critical job

(26)

Likelihood Categories

5 Certain

Absence of any management controls. If conditions remains unchanged there is almost 100% certainty that an accident will happen. (e.g. broken rung on a ladder, live exposed electrical conductor, and untrained personnel).

4 Probable

Serious failures in management controls. The effect of human behavior or other factors could cause an accident but is unlikely without this additional factor (e.g. ladder not secured properly, oil spilled on floor, poor trained personnel).

3 Possible

Insufficient or substandard controls in place. Loss is unlikely during normal op eration, however it may occur in emergencies or non routine conditions (e.g. keys left in forklift trucks; obstructed gangways; refresher training required).

2 likely

The situation is generally well managed, however occasional l apses could occur. This also applies to situations where people are required to behave safely in order to protect themselves but are well trained.

1 Improbable

Loss, accident or illness could only occur under exceptional conditions. The situation is well managed and all reasonable precautions have been taken. Ideally, this should be the normal state of the workplace.

(27)

How do I develop a Task Hazard analysis

for a critical job

Evaluate the Risk- Likelihood X Severity

Certain

5 10 15 20 25

Probable

4 8 12 16 20

Possible

3 6 9 12 15

Improbable

2 4 6 8 10

Negligible

1 2 3 4 5

LIKELIHOOD

SEVERITY

lS i g h t M i n o r S i g n i f i c a n t S e v e r e M a j o r

(28)

How do I develop a Task Hazard analysis

for a critical job

Risk Management – by setting control

measures.

(29)