I:\HTW\1\3-5.doc
SUB-COMMITTEE ON HUMAN ELEMENT, TRAINING AND WATCHKEEPING 1st session Agenda item 3 HTW 1/3/5 21 November 2013 Original: ENGLISH
VALIDATION OF MODEL TRAINING COURSES
Model course – Restricted Operator's Certificate for GMDSS Note by the Secretariat
SUMMARY
Executive summary:
This document provides the draft of a revised model course on Restricted Operator's Certificate for GMDSS
Strategic direction: 5.2
High-level action: 5.2.2
Planned output: 5.2.2.5
Action to be taken: Paragraph 3 Related document: STW 40/14
1 Attached in the annex is a revised draft model course on Restricted Operator's Certificate for GMDSS.
2 The preliminary draft of this revised model course was forwarded to members of the validation panel for their comments. Due to time constraints, any comments received on the draft course from the validation panel will be provided directly to the Sub-Committee.
Action requested of the Sub-Committee
3 The Sub-Committee is invited to consider the above information and take action, as appropriate.
ANNEX
DRAFT MODEL COURSE ON RESTRICTED OPERATOR'S CERTIFICATE FOR GMDSS
MODEL COURSE 1.26
RESTRICTED OPERATOR'S
CERTIFICATE FOR THE
GLOBAL MARITIME DISTRESS
AND SAFETY SYSTEM
2014 Edition
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This Model Course on ROC for the GMDSS is based on the Radio Regulations Edition 2012 and SOLAS 1974 as amended. It has been compiled by Mrs. Simone
Wilde, Mr. Andreas Braun and Mr. Dietrich Kaun under direction of the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH) in co-operation with Mrs. Brunhild
Contents
INTRODUCTION ... 4
PART A: COURSE FRAMEWORK... 6
PART B: COURSE OUTLINE AND TIMETABLE ... 11
PART C: DETAILED TEACHING SYLLABUS ... 14
PART D: INSTRUCTOR MANUAL ... 24
PART E: EVALUATION ... 28
INFORMATION REQUESTED OF INSTRUCTORS WHO IMPLEMENT IMO MODEL COURSES ... 33
ANNEX 1: EXAMPLE OF TRAINEE'S PRACTICAL PROFICIENCY CHECKLIST 35 ANNEX 2: PRACTICAL EXAMINATION PROTOCOL ROC ... 38
Introduction to model courses
Purpose of the model coursesThe purpose of the IMO model courses are to assist maritime training institutes and their teaching staff in organizing and introducing new training courses or in enhancing, updating or supplementing existing training material where the quality and effectiveness of the training courses may thereby be improved.
It is not the intention of the model course programme to present instructors with a rigid "teaching package" which they are expected to "follow blindly". Nor is it the intention to substitute audio-visual or "programmed" material for the instructor's presence. As in all training endeavours, the knowledge, skills and dedication of the instructor are the key components in the transfer of knowledge and skills to those being trained through IMO model course material.
Because educational systems and the cultural backgrounds of trainees in maritime subjects vary considerably from country to country, the model course material has been designed to identify the basic entry requirements and trainee target group for each course in universally applicable terms, and to specify clearly the technical content and levels of knowledge and skill necessary to meet the intent of IMO conventions and related recommendations.
Use of the model course
To use the model course the instructor should review the course plan and detailed syllabus, taking into account the information provided under the entry standards specified in the course framework. The actual level of knowledge and skills and the prior technical education of the trainees should be kept in mind during this review, and any areas within the detailed syllabus which may cause difficulties because of differences between the actual trainee entry level and that assumed by the course designer should be identified. To compensate for such differences, the instructor is expected to delete from the course, or reduce the emphasis on, items dealing with knowledge or skills already attained by the trainees. He should also identify any academic knowledge, skills or technical training which they may not have previously acquired.
By analysing the detailed syllabus and the academic knowledge required to allow training in the technical area to proceed, the instructor can design an appropriate pre-entry course or, alternatively, insert the elements of academic knowledge required to support the technical training elements concerned at appropriate points within the
entry course or, alternatively, insert the elements of academic knowledge required to support the technical training elements concerned at appropriate points within the technical course (ref. 1st and 2nd class Radio Electronic Certificate).
Within the course plan the course designers have indicated their assessment of the time that should be allotted to each learning area. However, it must be appreciated that these allocations are arbitrary and assume that the trainees have fully met all entry requirements of the course. The instructor should therefore review these assessments and may need to re-allocate the time required to achieve each specific learning objective.
Lesson Plans
Having adjusted the course content to suit the trainee intake and any revision of the course objectives, the instructor should draw up lesson plans based on the detailed syllabus. The detailed syllabus contains specific references to the textbooks or teaching material proposed for use in the course. Where no adjustment has been found necessary in the learning objectives of the detailed syllabus, the lesson plans may simply consist of the detailed syllabus with keywords or other reminders added to assist the instructor in making his presentation of the material.
Presentation
The presentation of concepts and methodologies must be repeated in various ways until the instructor is satisfied that the trainee has attained each specified learning objective. The syllabus is laid out in learning-objective format and each objective specifies what the trainee must be able to perform as the learning outcome.
Implementation
For the course to run smoothly and to be effective, considerable attention must be paid to the availability and use of:
Properly qualified instructors Support staff
Rooms and other spaces Real equipment
GMDSS communication simulator, where appropriate, with Touchscreens and PTT working in a network
Textbooks, technical papers Other reference material
Thorough preparation is the key to successful implementation of the course. The IMO has produced "Guidance on the Implementation of IMO Model Courses," which deals with this aspect in greater detail.
PART A: Course Framework
ScopeThis course covers the training recommendations in annex 3 to the IMO Assembly resolution A. 703 (17) - Recommendation on Training of Radio Operators related to the Restricted Operator's Certificate (ROC).
The course is revised to meet the Radio Regulations 2012. Objective
A trainee successfully completing this course and passing the prescribed examination should be able to efficiently operate the GMDSS equipment, and to have primary responsibility to radio communications during distress-, urgency-, safety and routine incidents. Given the number of severe problems being experienced in the GMDSS as a result of the large amount of false Distress alerts that sometimes occur, training will also be provided in techniques to avoid the unintentional transmission of false Distress alerts and the procedures to use in order to mitigate the effects of false Distress alerts following unintentional transmission.
Entry standards
This course framework requires a little knowledge of maritime radio communication
practice, but a working knowledge of English as a second language. Elementary computer skills are assumed in the recommended course timetable. Candidates are assumed to have basic computer skills in order to participate in the course. However additional computer skills training will be required by candidates without any basic proficiency in the use of computers.
Certification
Every person in charge of or performing radio duties on a ship that is required to participate in the GMDSS is required to hold an appropriate GMDSS certificate, which satisfies the provisions of the Radio Regulations of the International Telecommunication Union (ref. ITU RR Art. 47).
In addition, every candidate for certification in accordance with the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978, as amended (STCW-Convention), for service on a ship which is required to have a radio installation by the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as amended (SOLAS), shall not be less than 18 years of age, and have completed an approved education and training and shall meet the standard of competence specified in section A-IV/2 of the STCW Code.
The examination must be supervised by an independent, objective examiner [usually a qualified representative from the Administration, Port Captain's Office or likewise (STCW-Convention, Section A-I/6, A-I/7 and A-I/8)].
Course intake limitations
The maximum number of trainees should depend on the facilities and equipment available, bearing in mind the scope and objectives of this course.
The instructor trainee ratio should be limited to 1:12. When a class size exceeds 12 trainees, an assistant instructor is required.
Practical training should be undertaken in small groups of not more than 8 trainees, depending on the available equipment. The recommendations for facilities and equipment for this course are based on a total number of 12 trainees and corresponding instructor capacity (most academies, colleges or maritime education institutions recommend 8 students per instructor).
The use of GMDSS simulators to supplement training on real equipment may allow greater numbers to be accommodated without sacrificing training standards. However, the course co-ordinator will have to ensure that the timetable arrangements still provide sufficient access to real GMDSS equipment. Note also the arrangements needed for examination and assessment listed under column 3 of table A-IV/2 of the STCW Code.
Staff requirements
The following are the minimum qualifications recommended for instructors presenting a course that follows the IMO Model Course 1.26. The instructor in charge shall:
– be properly qualified in the subject matter.
– be in possession of a valid General Operator's Certificate issued by an IMO white list flag state;
– have considerable experience in maritime radio communications, including GMDSS, also a good general knowledge of ships, maritime Distress, Urgency Safety and Routine communications as well as Search and Rescue matters; – have completed type specific familiarization relevant to the equipment used for
training;
– have a current relevant teaching qualification or have successfully completed a Train-The-Trainer course, including the application of simulators in training and meets the requirements of STCW regulation I/6 and I/12.
Teaching facilities and equipment (for example)
GMDSS simulation equipment must meet all applicable performance standards set out in Regulation I/12 of the STCW-Convention.
The lecture portion of the course should take place in any suitable classroom with adequate desk/seating space for all trainees. Standard classroom facilities must be available such as whiteboard/chalkboard, appropriate projection system, etc.
For practical training, adequate working space and separate parallel working areas are recommended. The following equipment is the minimum recommended:
– Two fully operational VHF transmitter/receivers for radiotelephony and DSC, incorporating a DSC watch receiver for channel 70 (it should be possible to go on the air with one of them);
– One dummy satellite EPIRB (406 MHz) with hydrostatic release mechanism; – One NAVTEX receiver;*
– One dummy SART;
– One EGC receiver facility (An Inmarsat-C covers that requirement on board);* – A Distress alarm panel for passenger ships (1/2 dummy – to avoid unintended
Distress- alarms), connected to the VHF-DSC, MF-DSC and Inmarsat-C; – One two-way portable VHF radiotelephone with charging arrangement;
– One portable two-way on-scene communication for 121,5 and 123,1 MHz (dummy);
– One training network with personal computers, touchscreens and PTTs with realistic simulation equipment should be provided for each trainee, capable of running relevant programmes for simulating the operation of VHF-DSC, as appropriate;
– One battery inverter power supply, connected as the reserve source of energy (not necessarily located in the working area) or a regular reserve source of energy (radio batteries) connected to the charging arrangement (re.: COMSAR/Circ.16, 4 March 1998); and
– Sign and marking in accordance with the requirements of the administrations for GMDSS ship stations.
Note GMDSS training equipment (real equipment) should be installed in such a way that it corresponds with the requirements of installation on board GMDSS vessels. The standard should be set at the Training Institutions and not on board.
Note GMDSS training simulators have to provide all communication requirements. This means, that the simulator should simulate the features of the designated simulated equipment in distress-, urgency-, safety- and routine decisions. It must be possible to simulate the contact to ship stations as well as to all kinds of coast stations in a network of computers.
Note Throughout the course, safe working practices are to be clearly defined and emphasized with reference to current international requirements and regulations.
*
Teaching aids (A)
A1 ROC Model Course Compendium
A2 PC programme in a network, including documentation, for the simulation of: 1 Inmarsat-C for EGC reception
2 Digital Selective Calling (VHF-DSC) 3 Navtex
A3 User manuals for all installed or simulated GMDSS equipment A4 Log-book
A5 Demonstration equipment (SARTs, portable GMDSS VHF, portable two-way on-scene Communication VHF for 121,5 and 123,1 MHz and EPIRBs)
A6 Real equipment as VHF Handheld, VHF-DSC, Inmarsat-C (SARTs, EPIRBs, Communication set for 121,5 and 123,2 MHz and alarm panel for passenger ships = dummies)
IMO and ITU References (R) R1 GMDSS Handbook
R2 IAMSAR Manual
R3 Standard Marine Communication Phrases R4 International Code of Signals – (INTERCO)
R5 Master Plan of the shore-based facilities for the GMDSS R6 STCW-Convention
R7 IMO Resolution A.814(19)
R8 International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea 1974, as amended (SOLAS) R9 Radio Regulations (RR), as amended
R10 Recommendation ITU-R M.585-6 R11 Recommendation ITU-R M.541-9 R12 Recommendation ITU-R M.493-13 R13 Recommendation ITU-R M.625-04 R14 Recommendation ITU-R M.690-02 Textbooks (T)
T1 ITU Manual for Use by the Maritime Mobile and Maritime Mobile-Satellite Services
T2 1 ITU List of Coast Stations and Special Service Stations (List IV)
2 ITU List of Ship Stations and Maritime Mobile Service Identity Assignments (List V) T3 1 Inmarsat Maritime Communications Handbook
2 Harmonization of GMDSS requirements for radio installations on board SOLAS-ships (COMSAR/Circ. 32)
3 EPIRB and SART User Manual 4 IMO International SafetyNET Manual 5 Inmarsat's "SafetyNET Users' Handbook"
6 Admiralty List of Radio Signals, Volume 5, as amended
Note It is expected that the national education institution implementing the course will insert references to national requirements and regulations as necessary.
Availability of publications
Information Sources:The following contacts may be helpful in obtaining reference documents mentioned in this Manual. International documents are available in the official languages of the sponsoring organizations. The organization's website should have the most current contact information such as telephone, facsimile and e-mail.
IMO Publishing 4 Albert Embankment London SE1 7SR United Kingdom Website: www.imo.org E-mail: [email protected]
International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Bureau des radiocommunications (BR)
Place des Nations CH-1211 Genève 20 Switzerland
Website: www.itu.int/ITU-R/
E-mail: [email protected]
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) 999 University Street Montreal, Quebec Canada H3C 5H7 Website: www.icao.int E-mail: [email protected] Inmarsat 99 City Road
London EC1Y 1AX United Kingdom
Website: www.inmarsat.com
E-mail:
International Cospas-Sarsat Programme 700 de la Gauchetière West, Suite 2450 Montreal, Quebec H3B 5M2
Canada
Website: www.cospas-sarsat.org
E-mail: [email protected]
Centro Internazionale Radio-Medico (CIRM) Viale dell'Architettura, 41
00144 Rome Italy
Website: www.cirm.it
Email: [email protected]
Amver Maritime Relations 1 South Street
USCG Battery Park Building New York, NY 10004
PART B: Course Outline and Timetable
OverviewThe following section presents the topics of the 48-hour ROC course in a simplified outline format. The topics are organized into 9 general subject areas. The total hours are allocated in the following manner:
Practice Lecture Examination
18 hrs 27 hrs 3,0 hrs
The duration allocated to each topic is presented in the Course Timetables, and is repeated in Part C – Detailed Teaching Syllabus. The Learning Objectives for each topic are presented generally in Part C, and with full detail in the compendium.
As defined in Part A – Course Framework, the Classroom setting should provide one workstation for each trainee, and all workstations should be networked to the simulation instructor and server.
Course Outline - Total 48 hours minimum
Subject Area Hours
1. Introduction 1,0
2. The statutory framework of the Maritime Mobile Service
2.1. International Convention of Safety of Life at See 2.2. Radio Regulations
2,0
3. Identification of Radio Stations
3.1. Identification of Ship Stations 3.2. Identification of Coast Stations
3.3. Identification of Search and Rescue Stations 3.4. Identification of Vessel Traffic Service Stations 3.5. Identification of Aids to Navigation
3.6. Identification of Aircraft Stations
3.7. Identification of associated craft with parent ship
Subject Area Hours
4. Service Publications
4.1. List of Coast Stations and Special Service Stations (ITU List IV)
4.2. List of Ship Stations and Maritime Mobile Service Identity Assignments (ITU List V)
4.3. Manual for use by the Maritime Mobile and Maritime Mobile-Satellite Services
4.4. Admiralty List of Radio Signals
2,0
5. Technical
5.1. Radio wave propagation 5.2. Modulation basics
5.3. Transmitter and receiver basics 5.4. Batteries
5.5. Antennas 5.6. DSC basics
5.7. Fault location and service on GMDSS marine electronic equipment 3,0 6. GMDSS Components 6.1. General 6.2. VHF DSC 6.3. VHF Voice Procedure 6.4. Inmarsat 6.5. Cospas / Sarsat 6.6. EPIRB
6.7. Search and Rescue Transponder / Transmitter (SART) 6.8. Maritime safety Information
Subject Area Hours
7. Other Systems used on board
7.1. Ultra High Frequency Handhelds 7.2. Automatic Identification System 7.3. Ship Security Alert System
1,0
8. Search and Rescue (SAR) operation
8.1. The role of the Maritime Rescue Co-ordination Centre
8.2. International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue (IAMSAR) Manual
8.3. The role and method of use of ship reporting systems
4,0
9. Miscellaneous skills and operational procedures for general communications
9.1. Use of English in written and oral form for safety communications
9.2. Procedure of traffic charging
4,0
Examination
A Theoretical Examination B Practical Examination
3,0
Providing that the learning objectives contained in part C of this course are fully achieved, the course timetable may be adjusted to suit course entry requirements based on different standards of prior knowledge in radio- communications or seagoing experience. In addition, any adjustment should take into account the need to maintain an effective instructor to student ratio and adequate access to GMDSS equipment for practical training during course.
Some instructors consider the course programme to be quite complex and some administrations have decided that 48 hours is a minimum amount of hours, in spite of the student's background.
PART C: Detailed Teaching Syllabus
The detailed teaching syllabus has been written in learning-objective format in which the objective describes what the trainee must do to demonstrate that knowledge has been transferred.
All objectives are understood to be prefixed by the words, "The expected learning outcome is that the trainee…"
In order to assist the instructor, references are shown against the learning objectives to indicated
IMO references and publications, textbooks, additional technical material and teaching aids which the instructor may wish to use when preparing course material. The material listed in the course framework has been used to structure the detailed teaching syllabus; in particular,
– Teaching aids (indicated by A)
– IMO and ITU references (indicated by R) – Textbooks (indicated by T)
Abbreviations used in the detailed teaching syllabus are: – AP Appendix – A r t . Article – Ch. Chapter – Fig. Figure – p., pp Page, pages – Pa. Paragraph – Pt Part – RR Radio Regulation – Reg. Regulation – Res. Resolution – Sect. Section Note
Throughout the course, safe working practices are to be clearly defined and emphasized with reference to current international requirements and regulations. It is
Learning Objectives
Subject Areas and topics have been outlined in Part B. In Part C, the Learning Objectives associated with each topic are provided, along with teaching aids and references. The Learning Objectives are further described in sufficient detail in the Compendium for the development of a ROC Instructor's Manual as described in Part D. The Learning Objectives are presented in a verb-based manner to facilitate outcomes-driven learning and skills development. All Learning Objectives are understood to be prefixed by the phrase: "The expected learning outcome is that the trainee is able to . . . ."
Bear in mind that the overarching competencies to be developed throughout the course are the "transmit and receive of information using GMDSS subsystems and equipment fulfilling the functional requirements of GMDSS" and "provide radio services in emergencies" (STCW, A-IV/2). The ROC instructor should strive to present all of the Learning Objectives in or as close to the contexts of real conditions as possible. Through practice and understanding of these Learning Objectives as tasks to master and apply, the trainee achieves the desired competence and which the instructor may assess in the scored final evaluation.
Learning Objectives hrs
prac
t.
hrs
the
or. IMO / ITU/ Reference T ea chin g S u p p o rt s 1. Introduction 1,0
2. The statutory framework of the Maritime Mobile Service
2.1. International Convention of Safety of Life at See
2.1.1. Functional requirements 2.1.2. Sea Areas
2.1.2.1. Definitions of coverage and sea areas for Digital Selective Calling (DSC)
2.1.3. Carriage requirements
2.1.3.1. Details of equipment specifications Al, A2, A4 and A4
2.1.3.2. Details of carriage requirements
2.1.3.3. Means of ensuring availability of ship station equipment
2.1.3.4. Primary and secondary means of alerting 2.1.3.5. Bridge alarm panel and its purpose 2.1.3.6. Requirements for radio safety certificates 2.1.4. Watchkeeping
2.1.4.1. Watchkeeping procedures as defined in the Radio Regulations
2.1.4.2. Other watchkeeping procedures 2.1.5. Radio personal
2.1.6. Sources of power
2.1.6.1. Reserve power supplies, capacity and duration as defined in SOLAS Convention 2.1.6.2. Reserve source of energy
1,0 1,0 R8 Ch.IV Reg.4 R8 Ch.II Reg.2 R8 Ch.II Reg.2 R8 Ch.IV Reg.8-11 R8 Ch.IV Reg.4 R8 Ch.I Reg.7, 9 R9 Art.31 Sect. III
R8 Ch.IV Reg.12 R8 Ch.IV Reg.16 R8 Ch.IV Reg.13 R8 Ch.IV Reg.13
Learning Objectives hrs
prac
t.
hrs
the
or. IMO / ITU/ Reference T ea chin g S u p p o rt s 2.2.4. Inspection of stations
2.2.5. Radio Operator's Certificates 2.2.6. Frequencies
2.2.6.1. Interferences
2.2.6.2. The use of and restrictions for different emissions according to frequencies in the Maritime Mobile Service (MMS)
2.2.6.3. The role of the various modes of communication 2.2.6.4. VHF telephony 2.2.7. Call categories 2.2.7.1. Distress 2.2.7.2. Urgency 2.2.7.3. Safety 2.2.7.4. Routine 2.2.8. Watchkeeping R9 Art.15, 16 R9 AP 18 R9 Art.15 R9 AP 17, 18 R9 Art.53 R9 Art.31
3. Identification of radio stations 3.1. Identification of ship stations
3.1.1. Ships name 3.1.2. Call sign
3.1.3. Maritime Mobile Service Identity 3.1.4. Group calling number
3.2. Identification of coast stations
3.3. Identification of Search and Rescue Stations
3.4. Identification of Vessel Traffic Service stations
3.5. Identification of Aids to Navigation 3.6. Identification of aircraft stations
3.7. Identification of associated craft with parent ship 2,0 R9 Art.19 Sect.III R9 Art.19 Sect.IV R10 R10, Sect. 2 R10, Annex R10, Sect.4 R10, Sect.3 R10, Sect.5
Learning Objectives hrs
prac
t.
hrs
the
or. IMO / ITU/ Reference T ea chin g S u p p o rt s 4. Service publications
4.1. List of Coast Stations and Special Service Stations
4.2. List of Ship Stations and Maritime Mobile Service Identity Assignments 4.3. Manual for use by the Matitime Mobile
and Maritime Mobile-Satellite Services 4.4. Admiralty List of Radio Signals
1,0 1,0 R9 Art.20
T2
T1 T3-6 5. Technical
5.1. Radio wave propagation
5.1.1. Basics
5.1.2. Line of sight propagation 5.1.3. Ground waves and sky waves 5.1.4. UHF and VHF propagation 5.1.5. MF propagation
5.1.6. LF propagation
5.2. Modulation basics
5.2.1. Frequency modulation 5.2.2. Amplitude modulation
5.2.3. Bandwidth of different types of modulation
5.3. Transmitter and receiver basics
5.3.1. Transmitter structure 5.3.2. Receiver structure
5.4. Batteries
5.4.1. Basics
5.4.2. Different kinds of batteries - UPS systems 5.4.3. Characteristics of different battery types
0,5 0,5 0,25 0,5 R9 AP 1 Sect.II R9 AP 1 Sect.II
Learning Objectives hrs
prac
t.
hrs
the
or. IMO / ITU/ Reference T ea chin g S u p p o rt s 5.5.1. VHF antennas 5.5.2. MF/HF antennas
5.5.3. Inmarsat-C Satellite antennas 5.5.4. Antenna maintenance
5.6. DSC basics
5.7. Fault location and service on GMDSS marine electronic equipment
0,5 0,25 R11, R12 A3 A6 6. GMDSS Components 6.1. General 6.2. VHF DSC 6.2.1. Basics
6.2.2. The use and functions of the VHF radio station installation
6.2.3. DSC possibilities
6.2.4. Operational VHF DSC procedures in the GMDSS
6.2.4.1. Telecommand and traffic information 6.2.4.2. Channel selection in call format 6.2.4.3. DSC acknowledgement
6.2.4.4. DSC relay process 6.2.4.5. Test transmissions
6.2.5. Alerting and announcement 6.2.5.1. Distress alert
6.2.5.2. Distress alert relay
6.2.5.3. Announcements for all ships (distress, urgency, safety)
6.2.5.4. Announcement to individual station (urgency, safety, routine)
6.2.5.5. Group announcement (urgency, safety, routine)
6.2.5.6. Polling and position request
6.2.5.7. Automatic/Semi-automatic service with coast stations
6.2.6. List of practical tasks
5,0 5,0 2,0 2,0 R11 R12 R9 Art. 30-33 R11, R12 R9 Art.32 R9 Art.32 R9 Art.33 R9 Art.33 R11 R11, R12 R11, R12 R9 Art.32 A3 A6
Learning Objectives hrs
prac
t.
hrs
the
or. IMO / ITU/ Reference T ea chin g S u p p o rt s 6.3. VHF voice procedure 6.3.1. Distress procedure 6.3.2. Urgency procedure 6.3.3. Safety procedure
6.3.4. Port operation and ship movement communication
6.3.5. Routine communication
6.3.5.1. Calling a subscriber (ship to shore) 6.3.5.2. Phone call from ashore (shore to ship) 6.3.5.3. Transmission of a telegram
6.3.6. Intership communication 6.3.7. On board communication
6.4. Inmarsat
6.4.1. Inmarsat space segment 6.4.2. Inmarsat ground segment
6.5. Cospas / Sarsat
6.5.1. Cospas/Sarsat space segment 6.5.2. Cospas/Sarsat ground segment
6.6. Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB)
6.6.1. The basic operation of the Cospas/Sarsat satellite system and signal routing/path 6.6.2. Essential parts of Cospas / Sarsat EPIRBs 6.6.3. Basic characteristics of operation on 406
and 121.5 MHz EPIRB
6.6.4. The registration and coding of a 406 MHz EPIRB
6.6.5. The information contents of a distress alert 6.6.6. Operation 0,5 1,0 1,0 1,0 R11 R11 R14 R11 R9 Art.34 R9 Res.205 R15 T3-1 A3 T3-3 A5
Learning Objectives hrs
prac
t.
hrs
the
or. IMO / ITU/ Reference T ea chin g S u p p o rt s transmission Tests 6.6.12. Practical Tasks
6.7. Search and Rescue Transponder / Transmitter (SART)
6.7.1. Different types of SARTs and their operation 6.7.1.1. Search and rescue radar transponder 6.7.1.2. AIS radar transmitter
6.7.2. Routine maintenance, testing requirements and test operation
6.7.3. Practical tasks
6.8. Maritime Safety Information (MSI)
6.8.1. Basics 6.8.2. NAVTEX
6.8.2.1. NAVTEX frequencies 6.8.2.2. NAVTEX system
6.8.2.3. Responsibilities of a NAVTEX Co-ordinator 6.8.2.4. Messages
6.8.2.5. Operation of the NAVTEX receiver 6.8.2.6. Selection of transmitters, message type 6.8.2.7. Practical tasks
6.8.3. EGC
6.8.3.1. Geographic area messages and Inmarsat system messages
6.8.3.2. Classes of Inmarsat-C receiver types 6.8.3.3. EGC setup
6.8.3.4. Practical tasks 6.8.4. MSI via VHF
6.9. The usage and functions of portable VHF radio
6.10. Portable VHF Aeronautical Radio for 121,5 and 123,1 MHZ 2,0 0,5 0,5 3,0 0,5 0,5 R9 Art.15 R9 Res.360 R9 AP 15+17 A2 A3 A3 T3-1 T3-4 T3-5 A6 A6
7. Other systems used on board
7.1. Ultra High Frequency (UHF) handhelds
1,0
Learning Objectives hrs
prac
t.
hrs
the
or. IMO / ITU/ Reference T ea chin g S u p p o rt s
7.2. Automatic Identification System 7.3. Ship Security Alert System
8. Search and Rescue (SAR) operation
8.1. The role of the Maritime Rescue Co-ordination Centre (MRCC):
8.1.1. Maritime rescue organizations
8.1.2. Knowledge of SAR systems worldwide
8.2. International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue (IAMSAR) Manual 8.3. The role and method of use of ship
reporting systems
8.3.1. Automated Mutual-assistance Vessel Rescue System (AMVER)
8.3.2. Japanese Ship Reporting System (JASREP) 8.3.3. Australian Ship Reporting System
(AUSREP)
8.3.4. Long Range Identification and Tracking of Ships (LRIT)
2,5
0,5 0,5
R2
9. Miscellaneous skills and operational procedures for general communications
9.1. Use of English in written and oral form for safety communications
9.1.1. Use of the IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases
9.1.2. Use of the International Code of Signals 9.1.3. Recognition of standard abbreviations and
commonly used service codes
9.1.4. Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet
9.2. Procedure of traffic charging
1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 R3 R4 R9 AP 14 R9 Art.58
Learning Objectives hrs
prac
t.
hrs
the
or. IMO / ITU/ Reference T ea chin g S u p p o rt s Examination A Theoretical examination B Practical examination 2,0 1,0
PART D: Instructor Manual
GeneralThis manual reflects the view of an independent consultant on methodology and organization of the work and is based on his own experience as an instructor. The instructor should use this manual as guidance initially but should work out his own ideas and methods, based on the experience gained and tailored to suit the various backgrounds of the students.
This manual contains guidance on the teaching methods that are considered to be the most appropriate to the subject matter. However, since circumstances vary, the instructor himself must decide upon the best methods to adopt in order for the students to attain the specified objectives.
Use the teaching aids, IMO references, etc.
The compendium accompanying this course contains text covering some subjects, which are not adequately covered in the other course material. When using this compendium, the instructors should take into account the student's prior knowledge of these subjects. Note that the students are training to become operators of radio-communication equipment and not technicians or engineers.
The instructor may choose to use books if deemed suitable for this purpose. There are also many other books covering the GMDSS, or parts of the GMDSS available throughout the world. A number of videos and CD's are also available. The instructor has to make sure, that the additional books used for training contain the correct information.
It is important that the instructor makes use of official publications wherever possible, especially those which are required to be carried on board ships. This will serve to familiarize the students with this information. Nevertheless, national publications should also be taken into account.
Note that this compendium contains information of a general nature; when lecturing on technical subjects, the instructor should make use of the technical manuals covering the actual equipment provided for the course.
Lesson plans
When choosing the most appropriate teaching method, it will be necessary to draw up some form of plan. The purpose of a lesson plan is to create the structure for the
The time allocated to each component of the lesson is important, particularly on short courses where there is little opportunity to compensate for lost time. It is essential that all elements of a lesson be given a reasonable proportion of the available time. Failure to do this would result in the neglect of certain subjects.
Other forms of lesson planning may be equally suitable, but whatever the style, the important fact is that planning and preparation are essential to good teaching.
Use of personal computers (PCs)
More and more use of software based GMDSS simulation will take place in the training of students, especially with regard to DSC and lnmarsat-C/EGC operations. It is very important to make sure that the students are familiar with this kind of equipment.
Where PCs are used for simulating1 communication exercises in this course, their use should be made as simple and easy as possible. The PCs should be in a network with touchscreens and PTT to handle the different equipment as realistic as possible. The software shall simulate the equipment as realistically as possible in all situations
Unless an enhanced course, which also includes general use of PCs, is being conducted, the instructor should avoid using precious time on purely PC-related matters.
False Distress Alert
The generation and emission of false distress alerts must be avoided and every precaution possible must be taken in order to achieve this. This means that the students must understand the very serious consequences of generating and emitting false distress alerts and be instructed on how to avoid such incidents and on the action they should take if they inadvertently transmit such an alert.
The different MRCCs around the globe are facing an increasing number of false alerts (however, during the last couple of years such incidents have been reduced). The consequences are a loss of faith in this communication system and in the GMDSS as a concept, especially within the Search and Rescue Community. It also leads to a serious waste of resources, both economical and human.
In view of the fact that the students are to become professionals, i.e. the persons who will, as a part of their shipboard duties (ref. SOLAS Ch. IV, Regulation 12), be responsible for the operation of the communication equipment, therefore the instructor must impress upon them the importance of thinking before using this equipment, especially regarding DSC and lnmarsat-C.
The instructor must also make sure that the students understand the possible danger of false distress alerts being initiated by other members of the crew, especially those who are able to gain access to equipment though lack of necessary authorization or familiarity with the equipment that is needed to prevent improper operation. Measures
1
Refer to the guidelines in the STCW Code (section B-1/12, paragraph 67) regarding the use of simulators in training for seafarers.
need to be ensured that whenever anybody on board, not in possession of a relevant certificate, may be allowed to use GMDSS equipment for commercial purposes, this person must be instructed properly and must also be supervised by a responsible operator. As a general rule, all GMDSS training must be supervised by the Instructor while giving training on real equipment, this to avoid unintentional alarms.
Another problem area is the testing of equipment, especially the testing of EPIRBs and SARTs. This equipment should only be tested by qualified personnel, and preferably only in connection with the annual radio survey and in accordance with the prescribed testing procedures (ref. SOLAS Ch. IV, Reg. 15.9 and guidelines given in MSC.1/Circ.1040/Rev.1).
Furthermore, a problem may arise during the installation and servicing of the GMDSS equipment. A responsible operator should supervise this work and should ensure that the technician knows about the risk of emission of false Distress alerts that exists unless caution is shown. Procedures to advice RCCs of the transmission of false Distress alerts have been established by IMO. It is necessary for the instructors to gain familiarization with the content of IMO Assembly Resolution A. 814 (19) – Guidelines for the Avoidance of False Distress Alerts and ITU-R Resolution 349 (REV.WRC-12) - Operational procedures for cancelling false distress alerts in the GMDSS.
Search and Rescue matters
When instructing qualified deck officers or students undergoing training in the deck department, the instructor should take advantage of this fact and use whatever navigational training equipment is available. For instance, a radar simulator, an ARPA simulator and/or a full mission bridge simulator, or realistic GMDSS simulators (with touchscreens and PTTs) could be an extremely valuable tool for training in SAR communication. If such equipment is available, the instructor should co-operate with other relevant instructors in order to provide as realistic training as possible.
English language
The STCW Code requires that any seafarer whose duties include communications shall have a sufficient knowledge of the English language. The Radio Regulations recommend the use of IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases and, where language difficulties exist, the Inter- national Code of Signals should be available for exercises.
A general knowledge of the English language is therefore to be expected from the students. The instructor will have to make sure that the students can actually use
Independent Examination
On all theoretical subjects, the examination should be conducted as a combination of written, practical as well as oral tests. The practical test in combination with the voice procedure can be performed on real equipment which is connected together (VHF) or on PC based simulation with touchscreen and PTT which simulates in a network the equipment as well as the radio conditions and carry out all relevant and necessary general radio communications using radiotelephony and DSC
On all practical subjects, the examination should include a combination of oral tests and practical demonstrations (ref. STCW-Convention, Ch. IV, Section A-IV/2).
A part of the written and oral tests should be conducted in English in order to ensure that the student, as a minimum, is able to:
read and understand written Maritime Safety Information (MSI) received via NAVTEX, Inmarsat-C or voice announcements;
compose Distress, Urgency and Safety messages for transmission via VHF DSC; conduct Distress traffic and participate actively in SAR-communications via
radiotelephony;
read and understand the information given in all relevant service documents, including relevant parts of the technical documentation;
and carry out all relevant and necessary general radio communications using radiotelephony and DSC (Safety, Urgency, Routine).
A part of practical tests should be carried out on real equipment or/and on the above mentioned pc based simulation. The student must be able to (see example of trainee's proficiency checklist on use of GMDSS):
handle all relevant maritime radio equipment (VHF-DSC, NAVTEX, EPIRB, SART, GPS etc.)
show all communication types (Voice, DSC etc.) in combination with the operation of the corresponding facilities
Part E: Evaluation
IntroductionThe effectiveness of any evaluation depends on the accuracy of the description of what is to be measured.
The learning objectives that are used in the detailed teaching syllabus, Column 3 - Methods for demonstrating competence - and Column 4 - Criteria for evaluating competence - in Table A-IV/2 of the STCW Code, set out the methods and criteria for evaluation.
Instructors should refer to these when designing the assessment.
It is consistent with the intent of STCW that demonstration of skills and practical understanding is determined by direct observation, while knowledge and theoretical understand is determined through written examination in a variety of question styles. STCW 2010 Code
The training and assessment of seafarers required under the Convention are administered, supervised and monitored in accordance with the provisions of Regulation I/6 of the STCW Convention.
Assessment is also covered in detail in IMO Model Courses [3.12 & 6.09A]. Assessment Planning
Assessment planning should be specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and timebound (SMART).
Some methods of assessment that could be used depending upon the course/qualification are as follows and all should be adapted to suit individual needs: observation (In oral examination, simulation exercises, practical demonstration); questions (written or oral);
tests;
simulation (also refer to section A-I/12 of the STCW code as amended); Validity
The evaluation methods must be based on clearly defined objectives, and must truly represent what is meant to be assessed; e.g. against only the relevant criteria and the syllabus or course guide. There must be a reasonable balance between the subject topics involved and also, in the testing of trainees' KNOWLEDGE, UNDERSTANDING AND PROFICIENCY of the concepts.
Reliability
Assessment should also be reliable (if the assessment was done again with a similar group/learner, would similar results be achieved). Different group of learners may have the same subject at different times. If other assessors are also assessing the
The instructors need to consider the best way to assess the skills, knowledge and attitudes of their learners, whether this will be formative and/or summative and the validity and reliability of the assessment.
All work assessed should be valid, authentic, current, sufficient and reliable; this is often known as VACSR – "valid assessments create standard results":
valid – the work is relevant to the standards/criteria being assessed; authentic – the work has been produced solely by the learner; current – the work is still relevant at the time of assessment; sufficient – the work covers all the standards/criteria;
reliable – the work is consistent across all learners, over time and at the required level.
It is important to note that no single method can satisfactorily measure knowledge and skill over the entire spectrum of matters to be tested for the assessment of competence.
Care should therefore be taken to select the method most appropriate to the particular aspect of competence to be tested, bearing in mind the need to frame questions which relate as realistically as possible to the requirements of the officer's tasks at sea.
Compiling assessments
Whilst each examining authority establishes its own rules, the length of time which can be devoted to assessing the competence of candidates for certificates of competency is limited by practical, economic and social restraints. Therefore a prime objective of those responsible for the organization and administration of the assessment system is to find the most efficient, effective and economical method of assessing the competency of candidates. An examination system should effectively test the breadth of a candidate's KNOWLEDGE, UNDERSTANDING AND PROFICIENCY of the subject areas pertinent to the tasks he is expected to undertake. It is not possible to examine candidates fully in all areas, so in effect the assessment samples a candidate's KNOWLEDGE, UNDERSTANDING AND PROFICIENCY by covering as wide a scope as is possible within the time constraints and testing his depth of KNOWLEDGE, UNDERSTANDING AND PROFICIENCY in selected areas.
The assessment as a whole should assess each candidates comprehension of principles, concepts and methodology; ability to apply principles, concepts and methodology; ability to organize facts, ideas and arguments and abilities and skills in carrying out the tasks to perform in the duties he or she is to be certificated to undertake.
All evaluation and testing techniques have their advantages and disadvantages. An examining authority should carefully analyse precisely what it should be testing and can test. A careful selection of test and evaluation methods should then be made to ensure that the best of the variety of techniques available today is used. Each assessment shall be that best suited to the learning outcome or ability to be assessed.
Quality of test items
No matter which type of test is used, it is essential that all questions or test items used should be as brief as possible, since the time taken to read the questions themselves lengthens the examination. Questions must also be clear and complete.
To ensure this, it is necessary that they be reviewed by a person other than the originator. No extraneous information should be incorporated into questions
Examination guideline
The efficient operation of GMDSS depends on the proficiency of the maritime radio operators. The examination should consist of a theoretical and practical part.
A Theoretical Examination
The theoretical examination should consist of multiple choice questionnaires or a questionnaire in which the applicant can answer the questions with his own words. Every training post should have a pool of approximately 250 to 300 questions spread over the complete field of the section A1 to A6. Each questionnaire should consist of approximately 100 questions.
A1: Basic knowledge of the GMDSS
Different components of the GMDSS Construction of the GMDSS
Sea areas
Carriage requirements
Knowledge of the regulations and agreements in the maritime mobile service (Radio Regulations, SOLAS etc.)
Regulations concerning documentation
Preservation of the secrecy of correspondence
A2: Types of communication in the maritime mobile service
Distress, urgency and safety communication Public correspondence
Port operation service Ship movement service Intership communication On board communication
A3: Types of station in the maritime mobile service
Ship stations Ship Earth stations Coast stations Coast Earth stations
Pilot stations, port stations etc. Aircraft stations
A5: Frequencies allocated to the maritime mobile service
Modes of communication (Radiotelephony, DSC)
The concept of radio channel: simplex, semi-duplex and duplex; paired and unpaired channels and frequencies.
Channelling systems in the VHF maritime mobile band, including allocations for the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS).
Distress and safety frequencies
Intership communications frequencies Port operations frequencies
Ship movement frequencies Calling frequencies
A6: Maintaining the functionality of a ship station
Sources of energy of ship stations Batteries
Different kinds of batteries and their characteristics Charging
Maintenance of batteries Antenna maintenance Functional tests
B Practical Examination
In the practical examination several applicants can proof their knowledge at the same time depending on the technical equipment. For each applicant a protocol as shown in Annex I should be used.
To conduct GMDSS distress-, urgency-, safety- and routine radio traffic in English language by means of case examples on real radio devices on dummy loads communicating with each other or on approved networked GMDSS simulation equipment which meets all applicable performance standards set out in Regulation I/12 of the STCW-Convention, should be used.
B1: Detailed practical knowledge and ability to use radio equipment (see Annex 1)
B2: Detailed practical knowledge of distress, urgency, safety and routine
communication procedures in radiotelephony Distress communication
o Alert, call and message (including DSC, EPIRB and SART)
o Distress traffic with ship stations, coast stations and aircraft stations o Cessation of distress traffic
o Withdrawing of a false distress alert Urgent communication
o Announcement, call and message
o Urgency traffic with ship stations, coast stations and aircraft stations o Cessation urgency traffic
Safety communication
o Announcement, call and message
o Safety traffic with ship stations, coast stations and aircraft stations o Cessation safety traffic
Routine communication
o Ship station to Ship station o Ship to Coast station
B3: Ability of using Handbooks and ITU Lists
List of coast station and Special Service Stations
List of Ship Stations and Maritime Mobile Service Identity Assignments
Handbook for the use by the Maritime Mobile and Maritime Mobile Satellite Services (Maritime Manual)
Information Requested of Instructors who implement IMO Model
Courses
Introduction
1 IMO model courses are periodically revised to take into account the changes which have taken place in relevant Conventions, resolutions and other matters affecting each course. To help IMO to improve the content of courses when they are revised, the assistance of all instructors who implement or participate in implementing courses is requested, whether the implementation is part of an IMO technical co-operation project or part of a Maritime Training Academy's regular programme. Information requested and its format
2 To simplify their consolidation by IMO, the technical comments and suggestions for the improvement of model courses should follow the format that is outlined below. If no comments or suggestions are to be provided under topic, please insert "no comments" against the item.
3 Please identify:
1 the course number and title;
2 the date and location of its implementation;
3 the approximate number of IMO model courses you have implemented to date; and
4 the approximate number of times you have implemented this particular model course.
4 In commencing on Part A – Course Framework, please comment on the items (`Scope', 'Objectives', etc.) in the order in which they appear in the course; in all cases, please indicate:
1 the number of participants who met the entry standards and the number who did not;
2 the course intake and, if the recommendations in 'Course intake limitations' were exceeded, the reasons for this and your observations on the effect of this on the quality of the course;
3 if conditions under 'Staff requirements' were met; if not, please indicate the nature of the deficiency and give your observations of the effect of this on the quality of presentation of the course; and
4 any lack of equipment or facilities as compared with the recommendations under 'Teaching facilities and equipment' and your observations of the effect on this lack on the quality of presentation of the course.
5 In commenting on Part B – course Outline, please bear in mind that minor variations in time allocations are inevitable. Major difficulties with allocations of time and any omissions or redundancies of subject areas should be briefly explained.
6 In commenting on Part C – Detailed Teaching Syllabus, please identify the specific learning objectives concerned by their paragraph numbers.
7 In commenting on Part D – Instructor's Manual, please clearly identify the section concerned. If the bibliography or the practical exercises are found to be unsatisfactory, please identify suitable alternative texts, as far as possible, or outline alternative exercises, as appropriate.
8 In commenting on the compendium, please clearly identify the paragraphs being commented upon.
9 Any further comments or suggestions you may have which fall outside the scope of the items listed above may be added at the end. In particular, your views on the usefulness of the course material to you in implementing the course would be appreciated, as would the contribution to IMO of any additional teaching material you found useful in implementing it.
Please address your comments to:
International Maritime Organization 4, Albert Embankment London SE1 7SR United Kingdom Tel +44 (0)20 7735 7611 Fax +44 (0)20 7587 3210 Email: [email protected]
Annex 1: Example of trainee's practical proficiency checklist
VHF-DSCTransmit capabilities
DSC distress alert without nature of distress DSC distress alert with nature of distress DSC relay to all stations
DSC relay to an individual station (coast station or ship station) DSC all stations urgency announcement with working channel DSC ship to ship urgency announcement with working channel DSC ship to coast station urgency announcement
DSC all stations safety announcement with working channel DSC ship to ship safety announcement with working channel DSC ship to coast station safety announcement
DSC ship to ship routine announcement with working channel DSC ship to coast station safety announcement
DSC group announcement (urgency, safety, routine) with working channel
DSC geographic area announcement (urgency, safety, routine) with working channel DSC polling
DSC position request DSC medical transport Other capabilities
Select DSC received messages out of memory (distress + non distress) Select own MMSI numbers
Implement coast stations Implement subscriber
Implement position and time (if no GPS is available) Change DSC auto acknowledgement settings Change channel
Change power settings
Switch between International channels an US channels Switch on and off the dual watch function
Edit the address book
Carry out the implemented test routine Operate the Volume and Squelch
INMARSAT-C EGC
Edit the default settings of EGC receiver (configuration, routing, etc.) Implement different Metareas/Coastal warning areas
Read the EGC log Use the help function
NAVTEX Select receive station
Select receive message Select receive frequency
Read message from receive memory
Changing the default settings (display, print etc.)
EPIRB Putting the EPIRB out of bracket
Testing the EPIRB
Switch the EPIRB to alarm mode Switch off the EPIRB
SART Putting the SART out of bracket
Testing the SART
Switch the SART to transmit mode Switch off the SART
VHF PORTABLE Change channel
Change power settings
Switch between International channels an US channels Switch on and off the dual watch function
UHF PORTABLE Change channel
Change power settings
Switch on and off the dual watch function Operate Volume and Squelch control Change Battery
VHF AERO Change channel
Change power settings
Operate Volume and Squelch control Change Battery
Annex 2: Practical Examination Protocol ROC
I Compulsory Tasks - Terrestrial Maritime Mobile Service to all stations VHF-DSC
Conducting GMDSS distress-, urgency- und safety radio traffic in English language by means of case examples on two VHF-DSC radio devices communicating with each other or with approved networked radio simulation equipment.
Examinee 1 Examinee 2
Editing DSC distress alert and transmitting distress message in radio telephony
1.Attempt 2.Attempt
Reading out memory and acknowledging receipt of distress message 1.Attempt 2.Attempt Imposing silence 1.Attempt 2.Attempt Editing DSC distress alert relay and transmit it to a coast station 1.Attempt 2.Attempt Conducting distress traffic 1.Attempt 2.Attempt Conducting distress traffic 1.Attempt 2.Attempt Cease distress traffic
1.Attempt 2.Attempt
Cancelling of a false distress alert (DSC and radio telephony) 1.Attempt 2.Attempt DSC urgent announcement and transmitting an urgency message 1.Attempt 2.Attempt Record of an urgency message and initiation of further measures
1.Attempt 2.Attempt Record of a safety
message and initiation of further measures 1.Attempt 2.Attempt DSC safety announcement and transmitting a safety message 1.Attempt 2.Attempt
II Compulsory Tasks - Terrestrial Maritime Mobile Service to individual stations VHF-DSC
Conducting GMDSS distress-, urgency- und safety radio traffic in English language by means of case examples on two VHF radio devices communicating with each other or with approved networked radio simulation equipment.
Examinee 1 Examinee 2
Request medical advice to a coast station(DSC 1.Attempt DSC urgent announcement and transmitting an urgency 1.Attempt
III Additional Tasks
Exminee1 or Examinee 2 Remarks of the Examiner
Set up the channel, the power and the
sensitivity (Squelch)
1.Attempt 2.Attempt VHF: Install a routine
ship to ship connection (DSC/Telephony) 1.Attempt 2.Attempt VHF: Install a routine ship to shore connection (DSC/Telephony) 1.Attempt 2.Attempt Calling a VTS station 1.Attempt 2.Attempt Manual position entry
into DSC device
1.Attempt 2.Attempt Set up dual watch
function 1.Attempt 2.Attempt Reading out DSC memory 1.Attempt 2.Attempt Set up Navtex: kind of
message and coast station
1.Attempt 2.Attempt Testing and releasing of
an EPIRB
1.Attempt 2.Attempt Testing and releasing of
a SART
1.Attempt 2.Attempt
At least two of three additional tasks shall be successfully passed latest within the second attempt.
COMPENDIUM
C
ONTENTS
L
IST OF
A
BBREVIATIONS
I
NDEX OF
T
ABLES
I
NDEX OF
F
IGURES
1.
I
NTRODUCTION
52
2.
T
HE STATUTORY FRAMEWORK OF THE
M
ARITIME
M
OBILE
S
ERVICE
52
2.1. INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION OF SAFETY OF LIFE AT SEE ... 53 2.1.1. Functional requirements ... 54 2.1.2. Sea Areas ... 54 2.1.2.1. Definitions of coverage and sea areas for Digital Selective Calling (DSC) ... 54 2.1.3. Carriage requirements ... 56 2.1.3.1. Details of equipment specifications A1, A2, A4 and A4 ... 57 2.1.3.2. Details of carriage requirements ... 57 2.1.3.3. Means of ensuring availability of ship station equipment ... 58 2.1.3.4. Primary and secondary means of alerting ... 58 2.1.3.5. Bridge alarm panel and its purpose ... 59 2.1.3.6. Requirements for radio safety certificates... 59 2.1.4. Watchkeeping ... 60 2.1.4.1. Watchkeeping procedures as defined in the Radio Regulations ... 60 2.1.4.2. Other watchkeeping procedures ... 60 2.1.5. Radio personal ... 61 2.1.6. Sources of power ... 61 2.1.6.1. Reserve power supplies, capacity and duration as defined in SOLAS Convention ... 61 2.1.6.2. Reserve source of energy ... 62 2.1.6.3. Prohibitions on the connection of non-GMDSS equipment ... 62 2.2. RADIO REGULATIONS ... 63 2.2.1. Authority of the master ... 64 2.2.2. Secrecy of correspondence ... 64 2.2.3. Ship station licences ... 65 2.2.4. Inspection of stations ... 652.2.7.2. Urgency ... 69 2.2.7.3. Safety ... 69 2.2.7.4. Routine ... 69 2.2.8. Watchkeeping ... 69
3.
I
DENTIFICATION OF RADIO STATIONS
70
3.1. IDENTIFICATION OF SHIP STATIONS ... 70 3.1.1. Ships name ... 70 3.1.2. Call sign ... 71 3.1.3. Maritime Mobile Service Identity ... 71 3.1.4. Group calling number ... 72 3.2. IDENTIFICATION OF COAST STATIONS ... 72 3.3. IDENTIFICATION OF SEARCH AND RESCUE (SAR)STATIONS ... 73 3.4. IDENTIFICATION OF VESSEL TRAFFIC SERVICE(VTS) STATIONS ... 73 3.5. IDENTIFICATION OF AIDS TO NAVIGATION ... 74 3.6. IDENTIFICATION OF AIRCRAFT STATIONS ... 74 3.7. IDENTIFICATION OF ASSOCIATED CRAFT WITH PARENT SHIP ... 75
4.
S
ERVICE PUBLICATIONS
75
4.1. LIST OF COAST STATIONS AND SPECIAL SERVICE STATIONS (ITULIST IV) ... 75 4.2. LIST OF SHIP STATIONS AND MARITIME MOBILE SERVICE IDENTITY ASSIGNMENTS (ITULIST V) ... 77 4.3. MANUAL FOR USE BY THE MARITIME MOBILE AND MARITIME MOBILE-SATELLITE SERVICES ... 78 4.4. ADMIRALTY LIST OF RADIO SIGNALS ... 78
5.
T
ECHNICAL
80
5.1. RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION ... 80 5.1.1. Basics ... 80 5.1.2. Line of sight propagation ... 82 5.1.3. Ground waves and sky waves ... 83 5.1.4. UHF and VHF propagation ... 83 5.1.5. MF propagation ... 84 5.1.6. LF propagation ... 84 5.2. MODULATION BASICS ... 84 5.2.1. Frequency modulation ... 85 5.2.2. Amplitude modulation ... 86 5.2.3. Bandwidth of different types of modulation ... 87 5.3. TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER BASICS ... 89 5.3.1. Transmitter structure ... 89 5.3.2. Receiver structure ... 91 5.4. BATTERIES ... 92 5.4.1. Basics ... 92 5.4.2. Different kinds of batteries - UPS systems ... 93 5.4.3. Characteristics of different battery types ... 94 5.4.3.1. Primary batteries ... 94 5.4.3.2. Secondary batteries ... 94 5.4.4. Charging batteries, battery charging methods ... 95 5.4.5. Maintenance and monitoring of batteries ... 96 5.5. ANTENNAS ... 97